新視野大學(xué)英語第三冊宣講Unit7SectionA市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

3SurvivinganeconomiccrisisUnit7SectionAFOREIGHLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY第1頁It’sarecessionwhenyourneighborloseshisjob;it’sadepressionwhenyouloseyours.

—HarryS.TrumanHungerisnottheworstfeatureofunemployment;idlenessis.

—WilliamE.Barrett37Economy:PowerbehindeverydaylifeUNIT第2頁SectionA

3SurvivinganeconomiccrisisObjectivesTotalkabouteconomiccrisisTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomastertheessaywritingskill7Economy:PowerbehindeverydaylifeUNIT第3頁ContentsSurvivinganeconomiccrisisSectionAWarming-upactivities

Textstudy

LanguageapplicationSummary第4頁Warming-upactivitiesLead-inPre-readingactivitiesCulturalbackgroundSurvivinganeconomiccrisisSectionA第5頁1.Howdoeseconomicrecessionaffectordinarypeople?Longmonthsofstruggles;Harshreality;Losingjobs;Losingapartment;Losinghighlivingstandards;Losingstatus;Losingbeliefandself-esteem;第6頁2.Doyouhaveanysolutionstoeconomiccrisis?Togobeyondshort-termfinancialrescuesolutions;Toseeklong-termtransformation;Toconstructasysteminwhichmarketforcesarecheckedthroughethicalregulationsandoversight;Toconstructaframeworkofcommonvalues.第7頁1.Howdoyouunderstandglobaleconomicmeltdown?2.WhatisUSgovernment’sfirstresponsetotheeconomiccrisis?Watchavideoclipabouteconomicmeltdownanddiscussthequestions.Pre-readingactivitiesWatchandtalkVideoWatching第8頁Pre-readingactivitiesWatchandtalk第9頁1.Howdoyouunderstandglobaleconomicmeltdown?Severeandsuddendeterioration;Worldwiderecession;Resultinginhugefinancialloss;Creditcrunch;Stockmarketcrash.Pre-readingactivitiesWatchandtalk第10頁2.WhatisUSgovernment’sfirstresponsetotheeconomiccrisis?TobailoutthebankswithTRAP(Troubled-AssetReliefProgram)soastohelpbanksgetridoftoxicassets.Pre-readingactivitiesWatchandtalk第11頁

Theeconomic______isclaiminganothervictim:worldtrade.LastmonththeWorldBankpredictedatwopercent_________thisyear—thelargestdropsincethe1940s.Economiesthatdependonexportsforgrowthhavebeenhithard.ThisistheVOASpecialEnglishEconomicsReport.Listentoashortpassageconcerningeconomiccrisisandfillinthemissinginformation.crisis

decreaseTobecontinuedCompounddictationPre-readingactivities第12頁Credithasimprovedinsomecasessincethefinancialcrisis__________inSeptember.Butfallingdemand,includingreduceddemandforoil,hascuttradearoundtheworld.TheInternationalMonetaryFundrecentlycalledforgovernmentspending,taxcutsandinternational___________tosupportgrowth.worsenedcooperationTobecontinuedListentoashortpassageconcerningeconomiccrisisandfillinthemissinginformation.CompounddictationPre-readingactivities第13頁Toeasecredit,theBankofEnglandlastweekreduceditsmaininterestratetooneandone-halfpercent—itslowestever.Thebankwas___________in1694.Britain’seconomymayhave_______byonepercentjustinthefinalthreemonthsoflastyear.Thefirst_________areexpectedattheendofJanuary.established

shrunkTobecontinuedestimatesListentoashortpassageconcerningeconomiccrisisandfillinthemissinginformation.CompounddictationPre-readingactivities第14頁Thisweek,Germany’s___________________agreedtoaneconomicaidpackageworthabout67billiondollars.Thetwo-yearplancallsforspendingonpublicworksandataxcutforlow-incomeGermans.Criticsconsideredanearliermeasuretoosmallto________________inEurope’slargesteconomy.coalitiongovernmentfighttherecessionListentoashortpassageconcerningeconomiccrisisandfillinthemissinginformation.CompounddictationPre-readingactivities第15頁QuestionsPreviewing1.Whatiseconomiccrisis?2.Whatdoesmortgagereferto?3.WhattriggeredUSsubprimemortgagecrisis?TipsTipsTipsCulturalbackgroundEconomy第16頁1.Whatiseconomiccrisis?Suddendownturn;Financialcrisis;FallingGDP;Dryingupofliquidity;Rising/fallingprices.CulturalbackgroundEconomy第17頁2.Whatdoesmortgagereferto?Alegalagreement;Thepurchaseofrealestate;Paymentperiods;Interestrates.CulturalbackgroundEconomy第18頁3.WhattriggeredUSsubprimemortgagecrisis?Anationalbankingemergency;Alargedeclineinhomeprices;Declinesinresidentialinvestment;Reductionsinhouseholdspendingandbusinessinvestment;Mortgagedelinquenciesandforeclosures;Thedevaluationofhousing-relatedsecurities.CulturalbackgroundEconomy第19頁Mainidea&structureLanguagefocusCriticalthinking

TextstudySurvivinganeconomiccrisisSectionA第20頁Whatwastheconsequencewhenlargenumbersofhomeownersfailedtorepaytheirloans?(Para.1)TipsThecompaniesthathadtheoversightandthosethatownedtheloans(aswellastheirsubsidiariesandtheirshareholders)lostsizableamountsofmoney.MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第21頁Thetextstartswithanintroductionaboutthe___________causedbytheeconomiccrisis,inwhichtheauthorsetsforththethesisstatement—manypeopleexperiencedlongmonthsofstruggleswhenthe_______________sweptthenation.(Para.1)PartI(Para.1)greatimpacteconomicslumpMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第22頁Suefacedlifeas_______afterbeingevictedfromherapartment.(Paras.2-3)Whereisshegoing?Suepackedupanddroveoutoftown.(Para.2)Shewoundupatamotel.(Para.3)migrantMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第23頁Whatwere“99ers”?(Para.4)TipsTheywerejoblesspeoplewhowerenolongerallowedtoclaimunemploymentinsurancebenefitswhichtheycouldonlyreceivefor99weeks.MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第24頁Whatdidtheunemploymentbenefitsmeantothelayoffs?(Para.5)TipsAlthoughtheunemploymentbenefitsweresmallinamount,theyhelpedjoblesspeopletosurviveandtokeeptheirlifegoing.MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第25頁Sue’s______________________hadexpired.(Paras.4-6)unemploymentbenefitsMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureSuewasa“99er”.(Para.4)Unemploymentbenefitswereher_______.(Para.5)lifelineshebegantotumbleoverthe____________.(Para.6)economiccliff第26頁Suefacedlifeasmigrantbecauseherunemploymentbenefitshadexpired.Body:Section1(Paras.2-6)MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第27頁WhydoestheauthorsaySuespenteachdaylikeapingpongball?(Para.7)TipsBecauseshewentbackandforthbetweenresolveanddespair.MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第28頁BeliefandconfidenceShelterEducationLivingstandardHowdidtheeconomiccrisisaffectSue’slife?(Paras.7-13)IncomeEveryaspectofherlifeSelf-esteemMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureEveryaspectofherlife第29頁TheeconomiccrisisdamagedeveryaspectofSue’slifesuchasherlossofincome,ahighlivingstandard,herunfinishededucation,shelter,beliefandconfidenceinlife,andself-esteem.Body:Section2(Paras.7-13)MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第30頁WhydidSuethinktheonlyhelpshewasgoingtogetwasfromherself?(Para.14)TipsShecouldn’treceiveeffectivesupportfromthegovernmentandsocialorganizations.Furthermore,whatsheneededwasfarbeyondwhatherfriendscouldofferandhersonswerealsonotinapositiontohelpher.So,shecouldonlyrelyonherself.MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第31頁Allherfoodsupplieswereputontheshelvesunderthetelevision.Theywere_______________shemixedwithwaterinthemotel’sicebucketandheatedupinamicrowave;peanutbutterandjelly;___________________.ForSue,aperson__________thisfoodwasonlyenoughtostayalive.(Para.15)riceandnoodlesaloafofwhitebreadindespairMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第32頁WhatnewstrugglesandobstaclesdidSuehavetofacewhensheappliedforajob?(Para.16)TipsShehadtodealwithnewdifficultieslikewhattodoforanaddressforjobapplications,andworriedthatcallswouldnotreachherbecausehercellphonewascutofffornon-payment.MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第33頁ThissectionisabouthowSue’sendeavortofighttheharshrealityonlygavewaytofeelingofhelplessnessandtherealitywhichgotherinacorner.Body:Section3(Paras.14-16)MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第34頁DoyouthinkSue’slifewillbebetterandbetterafterherreceiving$300cashfromheroldfriend?(Para.17)TipsNo.Thereisnodoubtthatthiswastheonlyhopeinherdifficultsituation,butitwasjustatemporaryremedy.Shecouldn’tliveonthatkindofhopeverylongandherfuturemightbeevenmorebrutal.MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第35頁ThissectionistheconclusionofSue’sstory.ItreiteratesSue’scontinuousstruggleforaliving,andhowshecontinuestolookforarayofhope,despiteherhardship.Body:Section4(Para.17)MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第36頁PartII(Paras.2-17)PartIIisthebodyoftheessay,containingfoursectionstoexposethesevereimpactSuesufferedfromthelossofherjob.MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure第37頁Thistextisanarrativeessaythattouchesuponthesevereimpactoftheeconomiccrisisonordinaryworking-classpeoplethroughtheexampleofSue.Theauthorintendstoprovokeamongthereaderssympathyforordinaryworkingpeopleandthoughtsaboutthedisastrousconsequencesoftheeconomiccrisis.MainideaofthetextMainidea&structure第38頁IntroductionaboutthegreatimpactcausedbytheeconomiccrisisManypeopleexperiencedlongmonthsofstruggleswhentheeconomicslumpsweptacrossthenation.(Para.1)StructureofthetextMainidea&structure第39頁IntroductionaboutthegreatimpactcausedbytheeconomiccrisisBody—theeconomiccrisisbroughtaboutdisastrouseffectsonSue’slifeSuefacedlifeasamigrantbecauseherunemploymentbenefitshadexpired.(Paras.2-6)Theeconomiccrisisaffectedeveryaspectofherlife.(Paras.7-13)Suestruggledtofighttheharshreality.(Paras.14-16)Sueneededtocontinueherstruggleforaliving.(Para.17)StructureofthetextMainidea&structure第40頁Survivinganeconomiccrisis

The______________originatedintheUnitedStates.Theauthoritiesfailedtotakeeffectivemeasurestoregulatethe________,whoseeffectssoonspiraledintotheUSjobmarketas_______and___________.Consequently,manypeopleexperiencedlongmonthsofstrugglejustlikeSue.economicslumpmortgagelayoffsTobecontinuedterminationsSummaryofthetextMainidea&structure第41頁Afterbeing___________herapartment,Suepackedupherbelongingsanddroveoutoftown.Shefinally__________atamotelwhereshehadtopayadepositof$260whichshehadmanagedto_______________fromfriendsandfromsellingherlivingroomset.Suebecame“99er”becauseshehadexhaustedthemaximum99weeksof____________________________insurancebenefits.evictedfrom

woundupscrapeunemploymentinsurancebenefitsTobecontinuedtogetherSummaryofthetextMainidea&structure第42頁Shelostherincome,thelifeofcomfortandrespect,theopportunitiesforaneducation.Evenworse,amunicipalcouncilgaveher10daystoleaveherapartment_______becauseshewas____________bybureaucracyforhernotpayingtherent.Thesuddenworsening_____________madeSueloseherbeliefandconfidentinlife.Herendeavortofighttheharshrealityonlygavewaytoafeelingof____________.helplessness

forgoodcaughtupwithlivingconditions

SummaryofthetextMainidea&structure第43頁PracticalPhrasesSpecificMeanings1.packup把······打包；2.windup以······告終3.scrapesth.together/up勉強籌集，湊足4.aroofoverone’shead

棲身之所；住處5.catchupwithsb.

抓住并處罰（某人）6.forgood

永遠(yuǎn)LanguagefocusPracticalphrases第44頁45把······打包Wearrived

toolatefortheconcert,justasthemusicianswerealreadypackingup

theirinstruments.

packup短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用音樂會我們到場太遲了，音樂家們都已經(jīng)在收拾樂器了。意群提醒(toolatefor/packup/instrumen)LanguagefocusPracticalphrases第45頁46以······告終Inextremesports(suchasparachuting),youtaketheriskthatyoumaywindupseriouslyinjuredorevendead.

windup短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用在極限運動（比如跳傘）中，你可能會冒嚴(yán)重受傷甚至賠上性命風(fēng)險。意群提醒(extremesports/parachutejump/taketherisk/windup)LanguagefocusPracticalphrases第46頁勉強籌集，湊足Theyhardlyscrapeupenoughmoneyforthetrainfare.scrapesth.together/up短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用他們幾乎連火車票錢都湊不齊。意群提醒(hardly/scrapeup/trainfare)LanguagefocusPracticalphrases第47頁棲身之所；住處Findingaroofovertheirheadhasbecomearealproblemforthousandsofyoungpeopleseekingahomeoftheirown.aroofoverone’shead

短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用對成千上萬想有一個家年輕人來說，找到能夠棲身房子實在是一個難題。意群提醒(aroofoverone’shead/thousandsof/seekahome)LanguagefocusPracticalphrases第48頁抓住并處罰（某人）Thelawcaughtupwithhimfor10yearsoffailingtopaychildsupporttohisex-wifeforhistwochildren.

catchupwithsb.短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用他因為有十年都未支付給前妻和兩個孩子撫養(yǎng)費而受到法律制裁。意群提醒(catchupwithsb./failto/paychildsupport)LanguagefocusPracticalphrases第49頁永遠(yuǎn)Theinjurymaykeephimoutoffootball

forgood.短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用這次受傷可能會使他永遠(yuǎn)告別足球。意群提醒forgood(keepoutof/

forgood)LanguagefocusPracticalphrases第50頁FunctionalPatternsFunctions&Usages1.Sb.knowsthatinalllikelihood…用于表示“某人對事情判斷”。2.

Sb.wondersifhe/shewilleveragaindosth.用于表示“某人是否能抵達(dá)從前狀態(tài)”。3.Sb.worriesaboutwhatwillhappenwhen...用于表示“某人對事情擔(dān)心”。LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns第51頁蘇明白自己最終很可能以車為家。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)Sueknewthatinalllikelihood,shewouldenduplivinginhercar.(Para.4,L1)句型提煉LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns第52頁Sb.knowsthatinalllikelihood…句型提煉應(yīng)用提醒用于描述“某人對事情判斷”。句型應(yīng)用LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns第53頁經(jīng)典例句權(quán)威人士們明白假如物價繼續(xù)攀升，消費者極有可能會勒緊褲腰帶而愈加慎重地購物。意群提醒Theauthoritiesknewthatinalllikelihood,consumerswouldbemorecarefulabouttheirpurchasesandtightentheirbeltsifpriceskeepclimbing.(authorities/tightenone’sbelts/

keepclimbing)LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns第54頁她不知道自己還能否重溫那舒適而又受人尊敬生活。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)Shewonderedifshewouldeveragainbeabletoreclaimthatlifeofcomfortandrespect.(Para.11,L1-2)句型提煉LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns第55頁Sb.

wonders

ifhe/shewill

everagaindosth.

句型提煉應(yīng)用提醒用于表示“某人是否能到達(dá)從前狀態(tài)”。

句型應(yīng)用LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns第56頁經(jīng)典例句曾經(jīng)輝煌球隊不知道他們還能否再次贏得世界杯比賽。意群提醒Thesoccerteam,

whichusedto

growintoitsglory,wonderediftheywouldeveragainwintheWorldCup.(growintotheglory/wintheWorldCup)LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns第57頁她還擔(dān)心要是手機因為欠費停機了怎么辦？他人撥打她號碼，就如石沉大海，她無法接聽。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)Sheworriedaboutwhatwouldhappenwhenhercellphonewascutofffornon-payment,andcallstohernumberwoulddisappearintoaninvisibleworldshecouldnotreach.(Para.16,L2-4)句型提煉LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns第58頁Sb.worriesaboutwhatwillhappenwhen...句型提煉應(yīng)用提醒用于描述“某人對事情擔(dān)心”。句型應(yīng)用LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns第59頁經(jīng)典例句年邁而貧窮老人擔(dān)心要是自己像寄生蟲一樣兒子回家找他要錢怎么辦？意群提醒Thepooragingmanworriedaboutwhatwouldhappenwhenhissonreturnedtohimaskingformoneylikeaparasite.(agingman/

likeaparasite)LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns第60頁

許許多多人正經(jīng)歷這場經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條發(fā)端于美國。對抵押貸款監(jiān)管不力，致使當(dāng)初風(fēng)險評定遠(yuǎn)低于現(xiàn)在最終止果。

a.TheeconomicslumpsomanypeoplesufferedthroughoriginatedintheUnitedStates,witharegulatoryfailureofmortgagesratedlessriskythantheyturnedouttobe.(Para.1,L1)LanguagefocusLanguageappreciation第61頁些許失業(yè)救助金對那些失去工作人來說可是救命錢，這使他們不至于形貌落魄，無立錐之地；不至于無錢加油，繳不起電話費。

b.Modestpaymentsofunemploymentbenefitswerealifelinethatenabledpeoplewhowereout-of-worktomaintainatleastanappearanceofnormalcy,keepingaroofovertheirheads,puttinggasintheircars,payingelectricandphonebills.(Para.5,L2)LanguagefocusLanguageappreciation第62頁當(dāng)蘇收到最終一筆失業(yè)救助支票時，陣陣悲涼涌上心頭。

c.WhenSuereceivedherlastunemploymentcheck,shefeltawaveofprofoundgrief.(Para.7,L1)LanguagefocusLanguageappreciation第63頁天天，蘇就像乒乓球一樣在信心和絕望之間起落不定。

d.Eachday,likeapingpongball,Suewentbackandforthbetweenresolveanddespair.(Para.7,L4)LanguagefocusLanguageappreciation第64頁蘇連日來都在網(wǎng)上查找各種工作指南，四處求職：但一次次無聲拒絕讓她陷于無助。

e.Sue’sdayswerespentsurfingInternetjobindexes,applyingforjobswherethesilent“No.”“No.”“No.”gavewaytoafeelingofhelplessness.(Para.15,L4)LanguagefocusLanguageappreciation第65頁Whosufferthemostsevereimpactinaneconomicdownturn?How?Inwhatsenseistheestablishmentofasocialsecuritysystemimportanttoeconomicdevelopment?WhatinitiativesshouldthegovernmentundertaketosavepeoplelikeSuefromfeelingdespaired?TipsTipsTipsWhichdoyouthinkisimportantforthegovernment,toregulateeconomicactivities,ortoallowthemarketcompletefreedom?TipsCriticalthinkingThemeexploration第66頁Womenandchildrensuffermost:Womenareamongthefirsttolosejob;havingtoworkhardertoseekadditionalincome;spendinglessonnurtureandcare.Womenandchildrenlackvoiceandpower

whichcontributetoabuseandexploitation.Whosufferthemostsevereimpactinaneconomicdownturn?How?CriticalthinkingThemeexploration第67頁2.Inwhatsenseistheestablishmentofasocialsecuritysystemimportanttoeconomicdevelopment?Tobeasourceofincome;Toreducepoverty;Toimprovethestandardofliving;Tostabilizesociety;Tostimulatedomesticdemand;Topromoteeconomicgrowth.CriticalthinkingThemeexploration第68頁Toextendtheperiodofunemploymentinsurancebenefitsforpeople;Tocreatejobopportunitiestohelpthemwithemployment.3.WhatinitiativesshouldthegovernmentundertaketosavepeoplelikeSueformfeelingdespaired?CriticalthinkingThemeexploration第69頁Itisimportantforthegovernmenttoregulateeconomicactivitiesinaneconomysoasto:1)protecttheenvironment;2)helppeoplewhomaybetooyoung,tooold,tooillorotherwiseunable;3)maintaineconomicstability.4.Whichdoyouthinkisimportantforthegovernment,toregulateeconomicactivities,ortoallowthemarketcompletefreedom?tobecontinuedCriticalthinkingThemeexploration第70頁Itisimportantforthegovernmenttoallowthemarketcompletefreedom:1)Freemarketeconomyisdrivenbyindividualinnovationandthenotionthathardworkandcreativitywillberewardedbysuccess.2)Itmakeusstrivetodoourbest,leadingtomorevaluecreation.4.Whichdoyouthinkisimportantforthegovernment,toregulateeconomicactivities,ortoallowthemarketcompletefreedom?CriticalthinkingThemeexploration第71頁

Howdoyouunderstandthefollowingquotes“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)是我們經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)第一位?！盿nd“MercantilismwasdominantinancientEuropewhichfrequentlyledtowarandalsomotivatedcolonialexpansion.”?

AccordingtoChairmanMao,

themainstreamoftheeconomicconstructionofChinawasbasedontheagriculturalindustry.

Theagriculturalsociety,whichlastedforseveralthousandyears,exertedastronginfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheChineseculture.So,theagriculturaleconomyalwayshasaleadingroleinChina.tobecontinuedCriticalthinkingCultureexploration第72頁ButMarxWeberthoughtancientEuropeanswerecharacterisedasoceancivilization.Theycannotbeself-sufficentinfoodandthereforecreatingoverseascolonies.Theypromotedmanufacturingthroughresearchordirectsubsidiesandalargeworkingpopulationwasencouraged.Howdoyouunderstandthefollowingquotes“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)是我們經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)第一位?！盿nd“MercantilismwasdominantinancientEuropewhichfrequentlyledtowarandalsomotivatedcolonialexpansion.”?CriticalthinkingCultureexploration第73頁Q1:WhatistheirtoppriorityasacountryaccordingtoUSpresidentObama?TipsQ2:HowisObamacallingonCongresstoextendunemploymentbenefits?

Watchavideoclipanddiscussthequestions.VideoWatchingTipsCriticalthinking第74頁Back

Criticalthinking第75頁

1.WhatistheirtoppriorityasacountryaccordingtoUSpresidentObama?AccordingtoObama,theirtoppriorityshouldberestoringopportunityandbroad-basedeconomicgrowthforallAmericans.tobecontinuedCriticalthinking第76頁

AccordingtoObama,unemploymentinsuranceisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoboosttheeconomy.IfmembersofCongressdon’textendunemploymentinsurancebeforetheyleaveontheirvocations,1.3millionAmericanswilllosethislifeline.Itwon’tonlyhurtfamiliesalreadystruggling,butalsoharmUSeconomy.2.HowisObamacallingonCongresstoextendunemploymentbenefits?tobecontinuedCriticalthinking第77頁

Theevidenceshowsthatunemploymentinsurancedoesn’tstoppeoplefromtryinghardtofindwork.Withouttheabilitytofeedtheirfamiliesorpaythebills,manypeoplecurrentlylookingforworkcouldstoplookingforgood.TheAmericanswhoaredesperatelylookingforworkshouldbegiventhehelptheyneedsothattheycankeeponlooking.tobecontinued2.HowisObamacallingonCongresstoextendunemploymentbenefits?Criticalthinking第78頁

Finally,heiscallingonCongresstomakeiteasierforbusinesstoattractmorecustomersandtokeepdoingeverythingtheycantomakeAmericaaplacewhereanyonewhoworkshardhasachancetogetahead.2.HowisObamacallingonCongresstoextendunemploymentbenefits?Criticalthinking第79頁LanguageapplicationWritingdevicesEssaywritingParagraphtranslationSurvivinganeconomiccrisisSectionA第80頁Furtherdevelopacause-and-effectessay

Whenusingthewritingthetechniqueforcauseandeffect,wehavetoconsidertwostrategicpoints:Whetherweareexploringcausesoreffectsorboth;Whatistheorderofthecausesoreffectswearegoingtofollow,e.g.fromtheleasttothemostimportantorviceversa.tobecontinuedWritingdevices第81頁Thepurposeofcause-and-effectessaysToexplaintoreaders:thecauseofaneventorsituation;theeffectsofaneventorsituation;bothcausesandeffects.tobecontinuedWritingdevices第82頁Whatshouldwefocusonwhenwritingthistypeofessay?

Thetypeofessaywewritedependsonourtopicandmainpoint.Ifwewanttoexplainwhywemovedoutofourfamilyhome,ouressaywouldfocusoncauses.Ifwewanttotellreaderstheimpactapersonhadonourlife,ouressaywouldfocusoneffects.Inthisunit,we’dliketodrawstudents’attentiontoeffects.tobecontinuedWritingdevices第83頁Fourbaseschecklistforcause-and-effect:1.AboutunityDoestheessayhaveaclearlystatedthesis?Isthereanyirrelevantmaterialthatshouldbeeliminated?tobecontinuedWritingdevices第84頁Fourbaseschecklistforcause-and-effect:2.AboutcoherenceHaveIusedtransitionalwordstohelpreadersfollowmytrainofthought?HaveIprovidedaconcludingparagraphtowrapuptheessay?tobecontinuedWritingdevices第85頁Fourbaseschecklistforcause-and-effect:3.AboutsentenceskillsHaveIusedconsistentpointofviewthroughoutmyessay?HaveIusedspecificratherthangeneralwords?HaveIavoidedwordinessandusedconcisewording?Aremysentencesvaried?HaveIcheckedforspellingandothersentenceskills?Writingdevices第86頁

Let’slookatParagraph1&Paragraphs7-13ofTextAtoseehowcause-and-effectmethodisusedtodevelopideas:Writingdevices第87頁tobecontinuedParagraphIistheintroductionofthepassage,servingastherootcausewhysomanypeopleexperiencedlongmonthsofstruggleswheneconomicslumpsweptacrossthenation.CauseAnalysisofthetextHerlossofincome.(Para.7)EffectsHerlossofhighlivingstandard.(Para.8)Herunfinishededucation.(Para.9)Herlossofshelter.(Para.10)Herlossofbeliefandconfidenceinlife.(Para.11)Herlossofself-esteem.(Paras.12-13)Writingdevices第88頁Readthesampleessayandseehowtheeffectsaredeveloped.Writingdevices第89頁Topic:CareeropportunitiescreatedbytheagingpopulationIntroduction:Thesisstatement:TheagingpopulationinAmericacreatescareeropportunities.tobecontinuedWritingdevices第90頁Body:Effect1:Medicalandhealthprofessions,aswellasotherprofessions,areneeded.Effect2:Lawyersareinneed.Effect3:Businessmenseehugeopportunities.tobecontinuedConclusion:TheexpansionofAmerica’selderlypopulationwillprovidedgoodjobopportunitiesinmanyareas.Writingdevices第91頁Sample:Oldissuddenlyin.By2050,25percentofallAmericanswillolderthan65,upfrom14percentin1995.Thechangeposesprofoundquestionsforthegovernmentandsociety,ofcourse.Butitalsocreatescareeropportunitiesinthemedicalandhealthprofessions,inlaw,andinbusiness.tobecontinuedWritingdevices第92頁Sample:Medicalandhealthprofessions,aswellasotherprofessions,areimperativelyneeded.“Inadditiontophysicians,we’regoingtoneedmoresociologists,biologists,andurbanplanners,”saysprofessorEdwardSchneideroftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia’s(USC)schoolofGerontology(老年學(xué)).

Lawyerscanspecializein“elderlaw”,whichcoverseverythingfromtrustsandestateplanningtonursing-homeabuseandagediscrimination.

tobecontinuedWritingdevices第93頁Sample:Businessmenseehugeopportunitiesintheeldermarketbecausethebabyboomers,74millionstrong,arelikelytobethewealthiestgroupofretireesinhumanhistory.“Anystudentwhocombinesanexpertknowledgeingerontologywith,say,anMBAorlawdegreewillhavealicensetoprintmoney,”oneprofessorsays.tobecontinuedWritingdevices第94頁Sample:MargariteSantosisa21-year-oldsenioratUSC.Shebegancollegeabiologymajorbutfoundshewas“reallyboredwithbacteria”.Soshetookaclassingerontologyanddiscoveredthatshelikedit.Shesays,“Ididvolunteerworkinretirementhomesanditwasverysatisfying.”Inshort,theexpansionofAmerica’selderlypopulationwillprovidegoodjobopportuniti