get真題合輯-2002年6月英語課統(tǒng)考

2002年6月英 課統(tǒng)考PRPartILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(15minutes,15SectionA(1pointeachDirections:Inthispart,youwillhearnineshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversationaquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Thequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketonyourAnswerSheet.1.A.Ataxidriver B.AmanandaC.AjudgeandaD.AcoachandanA.Hedoesn'twanttobeHelikesstayingupHeisnotinterestedinhisHedoesn'thaveenoughtimetoA.TheyareawasteofTheydon'tdealwithsocialTheycanreflectpeople'srealTheyattracthonestA.IthasbeenIthasbeenIthasjustItiswellunderA.GoingtoaGoingtoaListeningtoradioWatchinA. B. C. D.A.DaveistalkativetoDavelikeshavingpizzaI>weissociableandDaveistooabsorbedinhisA.Becauseshedoesn'tlikethetasteofBecauseshecan'tsleepwellafterdrinkingBecauseshehassomeheartBecauseshedoesn'tbelievewhatthearticleA.ItisfunwithexcitingItismiserablewithItisinterestingbutItisfullofSectionB(1pointDirections:Inthispartyouwillheartwoshortpassages.At ofeachpassage,therewillbesomequestions.Boththepassagesandthequestionswillbereadtoyouonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourAnswerSheet.A.TheyknowwheresnowwillTheycanestimatehowmuchsnowwillTheysometimescannotforecastsnow TheythinksnowisadifficultsubjecttoA.ThewaterparticlesincoldB.Thetinyiceparticlesintheflakes.C.Thedustinthecenteroftheflakes.D.ThetemperatureandwaterlevelsintheA.Ithasasmuchwateras2.5centimetersofIthasasmuchwateras1.5centimetersofIthasasmuchwateras2centimetersofIthasasmuchwateras5centimetersofA.AnewstudyonThephysicalsignalswhenpeopleHowto rsonwhoisAnewdevicetodetectaA.PeoplechangetheirbehaviorswhentheyPeoplehavesomespecialgestureswhentheyPeople'spupilshavesomechangeswhentheyPeoplehavemorebloodaroundtheireyeswhentheyA.12outof20.B.11outof C.7outof10.D.6outofPartIIVOCABULARY(10minutes,10SectionA(0.5pointeachDirections:Therearetenquestionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentencewithonewordorphraseunderlined.BelowthesentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.MarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourAnswerSheet.ManywomenprefertousecosmeticstoenhancetheirbeautyandmakethemlookA. B. C. D.WhatplayersandcoachesfearmostisthepartialityonthepartofrefereesinaA.justiceB. CparticipationD.ThesalehasbeenonforalongtimebecausethepriceisreckonedtobetooA.consideredB.stipulated D.Smugglerstryeverymeanstolayhandsonunearthedrelicsfor alA.setfoot B.losetheirheart C.settheirmind D.getholdTheremusthavebeenroundaboutathousandpeopleparticipatingintheA.approxima B. C.lessthanD.moreTheseoldandshabbyhouseswillbedemolishedfortheconstructionofresidentialA.pulled B.pulledinC.pulled D.pulledReadersarerequiredtocomplywiththerulesofthelibraryandmindtheirA.observeB.memorizeC. D.Artificialinligencedealspartlywiththeogybetweenthecomputerandthehumanbrain.A. B. C. D.Itisoftenthecasethatsomesuperficiallyunrelatedeventsturnouttobelinkedinsomeaspects.A. B. C.beneficiallyD.Theallegedall-powerfulmasterofchikongwasarrestedonachargeofA.so- B.well-knownC. D.SectionB(0.5pointDirections:Therearetenquestionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentencewithsomethingmissing.BeloweachsentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkthecorrespondingLetterwithasingleacrossthesquarebracketsonyourAnswerItishopedthatporkcanbemadeleanerbyintroducingacowgeneintothepig's A. B.warehouseC. D.Thechairmansaidthathewasprepared theyoungerpeopleinthedecisionA.putupwithB.makewayC.shedlightonD.lakechargeTomisangryatLindabecauseshehimalltheA.sets... B.puts…downC. D.Theabilitytofocusattentiononimportantthingsis characteristicofinA. B C. D. ichavingbeen bythethunderstorm,wehadtowaitinthepavilionuntilitclearedA. B. C. D.31.1wasdisappointedtoseethatthosepeopleIhadsort wereprettyA. B. C D.Oneofthemainpurposesofusingslangistoconsolidate witha B. D.The. fromunderdevelopedcountriesmaywellincreaseinresponsetothesoaringdemandforhigh-techprofessionalsindevelopednations.A.brain B.braintrustC.brain D.brainThismattersettled,wedecided tothenextitemonA. B. C. D.Listeningisasimportantastalking.Ifyouareagoodlistener,peopleoften_ youforbeingagoodconversationalist.A.complementB.complimentC. D.PartIIICLOZETEST(10minutes,15points,1pointDirections:Thereare15questionsinthispartofthetest.Readthepassagethrough.Then,gobackandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA,B,C,orDforeachblankinthepassage.MarkthecorrespondingLetterofthewordorphraseyouhavechosenwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourAnswerSheet.MostAmericanmagazinesandnewsprsreserve60percentoftheirpagesforads.TheNewYorkTimesSundayedition36maycontain350pagesofadvertisements.Someradiostationsdevote40minutesofeveryhourto37.Thenthereis evision.Accordingtooneestimate,Americanyoungsterssit38threehoursof evisioncommercialseachweek.Bythetimetheygraduatefromhighschool,theywillhavebeen39360.000TVads. evisionsadvertiseinairports,hospitalwaitingrooms,andschools.Majorsporting 40arenowmajoradvertisingevents.Racingcarsserveashigh 41 Someathletesreceivemostoftheirmoneyfrom basketballplayerearned$3.9millionbyplayingball.Advertiserspaidhimninetimesthatmuchto theirproducts.Thereisnoesc .Commercialadsaredisplayedonwalls,buses,andtrucks.Theydec-oratetheinsideoftaxisandsubways—eventhedoorsofpublictoilets. 44messagescalltousinsupermarkets,stores,elevators—and45 weareonholdonthe ephone.Insomecountriessomuchadvertisingcomesthroughth thatmanyrecipientsproceeddirectlyfromth boxtothenearestwastebasketto thejunkmail. Insider'sReport,publishedbyMcCann-Erickson,aglobaladvertisingagency,theestimated _ofmoneyspentonadvertisingworldwidein1990was$275.5billion.Sincethen,thefigureshave to$411.6billionfor1997andaprojected$434.4billionfor1998.BigWhatistheeffectofallofthis?One yst50itthisway:"Advertisingisoneofthemostpowerfulsocializingforcesintheculture.Adssellmorethanproducts.Theysellimages,values,goals,conceptsofwhoweareandwhoweshouldbe.Theysh ourattitudesandourattitudessh ourbehavior."36.A. B. C.singlyD.37.A. B. C.commercialsD.38.A.throughB. C. D.39.A.takentoB.spent C.expectedofD.exposed40.A.incidentsB.affairsC. D.41.A. B.billboardsC.attractionsD.42.A.top- B.lop-talentedC.top-secretD.top-43.A.improveB. C. D.44.A. B.StudioC. D.45.A. B. C. D.16.A.tossoutB.lay C.blow D.break47.A.ItissaidthatB.ApartfromC.According D.Including48.A. B.amountC. D.49.A. B. C.roaredD.A. B. C. D.PartIVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(45minutes,30points,1pointeach) Inthispartofthetest,therearefiveshortpassages.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerA,B,C,orDandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourAnswerSheet.PassageFordecades,arms-controltalkscenteredonnuclearweapons.Thisishardlysurprising,sinceasinglenuclearbombcandestroyanentirecity.Yet,unlikesmallerarms,theseimmenselypowerfulweaponshavenotbeenusedinwarinover50years.HistorianJohnKeeganwrites.''Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945.killednoone.The50,000.000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition,costinglittlemorethanthetransistorradioswhichhavefloodedtheworldinthesameperiod.Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain."Whyhavesmallarms etheweaponsofchoiceinrecentwars?Partofthereasonliesintherelationshipbetween andpoverty.Mostofthewarsfoughtduringthe1990stookplaceincountriesthatarepoortoopoortobuysophisticatedweaponsystems.Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.Forexample,50milliondollars,whichisapproxima thecostofasinglemodernjetfighter,canequipanarmywith200,000assaultrifles.Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.Asinglerapid-fireassaultriflecanfirehundredsofroundsaminute.Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.Achildoftencanbetaughttostripandreassembleatypicalassaultrifle.Achild soquicklylearntoaimandfirethatrifleintoacrowdofpeople.Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.Theillegaltradeofsmallarmsisbig.InsomeAfricanwars,paramilitarygroupshaveboughtbillionsofdollars'worthofsmallarmsandlightweapons-notwithmoney,hutwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas.Weaponsarealsolinkedtotheillegaltradeindrugs.ItisnotunusualforcriminalanizationslousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheItisimpliedinthepassage smallarms-controlismoreimportantthannucleararms-thenucleararms-controltalkscanneverreachanthepowerofnuclearweaponstokillpeoplehasbeennuclearweaponswerethetopicofarms-controltalks50yearsTheadvancedworldneglecttheproblemsofsmallarms Theyhavetodealwithdrug-dealingandpoliticalTheyhavenosuchproblemsasarecausedbysmallC.TheyhavenotrecognizedtheseriousnessoftheproblemsinD.TheyfaceothermoreimportantproblemssuchasWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthereasonfortheprevalenceofsmallSmallarmsareSmallarmsarcSmallarmsareeasiertoSmallarmsareeasiertoWecanconcludefromthepassage smallarmsarenotexpensiveintheblack-itisunfairtoexchangesmallarmsforC.criminalsusethesamepassagetosmuggledrugsandsmallD.wheretherearedrugs,therearesmallThebesttitleforthispassage SmallArmsTalks.NotNuclearArmsNeglectofSmallArmsGlobalTrafficinSmallSmallArms.BigProblemsPassageTwoInordertocombatsickness,manydoctorsrelyheavilyonprescribingmedicinesthataredevelopedandaggressivelyadvertisedbypharmaceuticalcompanies.Significantly,theworldmarketforsuchdrugshasskyrocketedinrecentdecades,fromjustafewbilliondollarsayeartohundredsofbillionsofdollarsannually.Whathasbeenaconsequence?Medicallyprescribeddrugshavehelpedmanypeople.Yet,thehealthofsometakedrugshaseitherremainedunchangedor eworse.So,recentlysomehaveturnedtousingothermethodsofmedicaltreatment.Inplaceswheremodern,conventionalmedicinehasbeenthestandardofcare,manyarenowturningtowhathavebeencalledalternative,orcomplementary,therapies."TheBerlinWallthathaslongdividedalternativetherapiesfrommainstreammedicineappearstobecrumbling."saidConsumerReportsofMay2000.TheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation(JAMA)observed."Alternativemedicaltherapiessuchastheuseofherbs,functionallydefinedasinterventionsneithertaughtwidelyinmedicalschoolsn enerallyavailableinU.S.hospitals,haveattractedincreasednationalattentionfromthemedia,themedicalcommunity, ernmentalagencies,andthepublic,"Inthepast,conventionalmedicalpractitionershavebeenskepticalaboutalternativemedicalpractices,but75medicalschoolsintheUnitedStatescurrentlyofferelectivecourseworkonalternativemedicine,includingHarvard.Stanford.UniversityofArizona,andYale.JAMAnoted."Nowanestimated3in5individualsseeingamedicaldoctorforaprincipalconditionalsousedternativetherapy.AndoutsidetheUnitedStates,alternativemedicineispopularthroughouttheindustrializedworld."Thetrendtowardintegratingalternativetherapieswithconventionaloneshaslongbeenageneralpracticeinmanycountries.AsJAMAconcluded,"Therearenolongertwotypesofmedicine,conventionalandcomplementary.Thereisonlygoodmedicineandbadmedicine."Thispassagesuggeststhatpharmaceutical paydoctorsforprescribingtheirhaveraisedthepricesoftheirproductssharplyinrecentspendmoremoneyontheiradvertisementsthanontheirhaveproducedsomeineffectiveThesentence"TheBerlinWall...appearstobecrumbling"inthethirdparagraphimpliesthat therestrictionsonthepracticeofalternativetherapieswillbetherearestillstrictrestrictionsonthepracticeofalternativeconventionalmedicineandalternativetherapies conventionalmedicineandalternativetherapiesare ydifferentAccordingtothepassage,alternative axewidelytaughtintheU.S.medicalschoolshavebeenapprovedbyU. havebeenusedbymanyAmericanareaspopularasconventionalJAMAseemstosuggest U. ernmentshouldmeettheincreasingdemandsforalternativeamedicineisgoodafteritprovestobebeneficialtotheC.pharmaceuticalcompaniesshouldcoverthecostofalternativeD.conventionalmedicineandalternativemedicineshouldjoinItisimpliedinthepassageweshouldtakeaslittlewesternmedicineasthepricesoftheprescribedmedicineshouldbeherbalmedicinewillbeacceptedbymorewithoutthehelpofalternativemedicine,goodhealthcannotheguaranteedPassageThreeOurMilkyWaygalaxycouldcontainupto1billionEarth-likeplanetscapableofsupportinglife,scientistsannouncedlastweek.Thetheoreticalabundanceofhabitableworldsamongtheestimated200billionstarsofourhomegalaxysuggeststhatmorepowerfulescopesmightglimpsethefaintsignatureoffar-offplanet,provingthat,insizeandtemperatureatleast,wearenotaloneintheuniverse.SolarsystemssuchasEarth's,inwhichplanetsorbitastar,havebeenAstronomershaveidentifiedalmost100planetsinorbitaroundothersuns.Allareenormous,andofthesamegaseousmake-upasJupiter.BarrieJonesoftheOpenUniversityinUKandhiscolleagueNickSleephaveworkedouthowtopredictwhichofthenewlydiscoveredsolarsystemsislikelytoharborEarth-likeplanets.Usingacomputer,theyhavecreatedmathematicalmodelsofplanetarysystemsandseededthemwithhypotheticalEarthsin"Goldilockszone"orbits,whereitisneithertoohotnortoocoldtosupportlife.ThecomputersimulateswhichofthesemodelEarthsislikelytobekickedoutofitstemperateorbitbygravitationaleffectsofthemonsterplanets,andwhichislikelylosurvive.Thesolarsystemmostlikeoursdiscoveredsofaris51lightyearsaway,atthestar47UrsaeMajoris,nearthegroupofstarsknownastheGreatBear.Astronomershavediscoveredtwoplanetsorbiting47UrsaeMajoris-oneistwoandhalftimesthesizeofJupiter,theotherslightlysmaller.BothplanetsarerelativelyclosetotheGoldilockszone,whichisfurtheroutthanoursbecause47UrsaeMajorisisolder,hotterandbrighterthanthesun."It'scertainlyasystemworthexploringforanEarth-likeplanetandforlife."saidJones.Therequirementforalife-supportingzoneinanysolarsystemisthatwatershouldbeabletoexistinaliquidstate,NASAanditsEuropeancounterpart,ESA,plantolaunchinstrumentsinthenext10yearswhichcouldproducepicturesofEarth-sizedplanet.-..Itissuggestedinthispassage scientistshavefoundevidencetoprovetherearemanyEarth-likeplanetsinourtheoreticallythereareagreatnumberofEarth-likeplanetscapableofsupportingourEarthistheonlyplanetinourgalaxythatcansupportwithmore escopes,scientistswillbeabletofindmoregalaxiesintheThe"Goldilockszone"mentionedinthe5thparagraphmostprobablyacertainfixeddistancebetweenaplanetandarangeintheuniverseinwhichtheplanets'temperatureissuitableforarangeintheuniverseinwhichtheplanetscanreceiveenoughamathematicalmodeltomeasurethesizeoftheplanetaryBarrieJonesAndNickSleephavefound100planetsorbitingaroundotherstarslikeourmanyplanets'atmospherehasthesamecompositionasthewayslolwhichsolarsystemmayhaveEarth-likeamathematicalmodeltomeasurethedistanceofnewlyfoundsolar-Sofar,thesolarsystemmostlikeoursthathasbeendiscoveredis inthegroupofstarsknownasGreat2.5timesasbigassmallerthanourimpossibleforustoreachatpresentThemostimportantrequirementtohavealife-supportingzonemanysolarsystemisthatitmusthave enoughwaterandproperenoughoxygenandenoughairandenoughwaterinanyPassageHavingabandonedhiscallforhighergasolineprices.Vice AlGorehasanotherideatogetpeopleoutoftheircars-Spendbillionsonmasstransit-$25billiontobeexact.Lastweek.Goreunveiledhis"KeepAmericaMoving"initiative,whichwillspend$25billiononupgradingandimprovingmass-transitsystemsnationwide.AccordingtoGore'sself-proclaimed"newwayofthinking"allthat'snecessarytoreducetrafficcongestionisto"givepeopleachoice."Thefederal ernmenthasbeentryingto"givepeopleachoice"fordecadestolittleeffect.Portionsofthefederalgasolinetaxhavealreadybeenusedtosupporturbanbusandrailsystems.Despiteyearsofsubsidies,fewurban-transitsystemsrunintheblack.Theydon'tdomuchtoreducecongestioneither.Nomatterhowmuchthetaxpayerspaidfortheplannedtransitsystems.Americansprefertheautonomyofferedbytheirautomobiles.ThevicepraisedthePortlandlight-railsystemasanexampleofhowgoodmasstransitcanbe.YetPortlandsexperienceismorecautionarytalethanexemplarymodel.ResearchbytheCascadePolicyInstitutedemonstratesthatPortland'sMetrohasbeenamulti-million-dollarmistake.AccordingtoMetrosownfigures,thelight-railsystemis littletoreducecongestion,asmostofitsridersusedtoridethebus.Thoseridersthatdocomeofftheroads,comeatanincredibleprice:$62perroundtrip.Roadimprovementsandexpansionwoulddofarmoretoreducecongestionatafractionofthecost,buttheywouldn'tattractthesamevolumeoffederalfunds.Accordingtotheauthor,themass-transit arecharacterizedbylowconsumptionofhavecontributedlittletotheimprovementoftheaimatmonitoringthepublicarefinanciallyWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthe IthasrecentlybeguntoaddresstheproblemoftrafficItfailstoprovideenoughfundstohelpreducetrafficItsattempttoreducetrafficcongestionissuccessfulbutIthasnotdonemuchtoreducecongestionbyimprovingWhatissaidaboutAmericans'attitudetowardthetransitTheyarereluctanttopaytaxestosupportthetransitTheythinkdrivingtheirowncarsismoreTheypreferthepoliciesofimprovingandexpandingTheythinkthereshouldbemorechoicesinInthethirdparagraph,theunderlinedexpression"cautionarytale"mostprobably anincredibleanuntrueastorygivingaastoryteachingamoralWhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorprobablyagreeInspiteoffederalfunds,mosturban-transitsystemshavefinancialTheAmericanpublicshould emoreawareoftheneedtoreducetrafficTheattempttoexpandroadswouldbeascostlyastheonetobuildalight-railThefederalgasolinetaxshouldberaisedtosupporturban-transitPassageInalloftheindustrialcountriesandmanylessdevelopedcountries,adebatealongthelinesofernmentvs.businessprevails.Thisstrugglehasgoneonforsolong,andissopervasive,thatmanywhoparticipateinithavecometothinkofthesetwosocialinstitutionsasnaturalandpermanentenemies,eachstrivingtoopposetheother.Viewingthestruggleinthatformatdiminishesthechanceofattainingmoreharmoniousrelationsbetween ernmentandbusiness.Moreover,ifthesetwoareseenasnaturalanddeadlyenemies,thenbusinesshasnolong-rangefuture.Itisself-evidentthat ernment,astheonlysocialinstrumentthatcanlegallyenforceitswillbyphysicalcontrol,mustwinanystrugglethatisreducedtonakedpower.Amorerealistic,andmostconstructive,approachtothebetweenbusinessandernmentstartsbynoticingthemanywaysinwhichtheyaredependentoneachother.Businesscannotexistwithoutsocialorder.Businesscananddoesgenerateitsownorder,itsownregularitiesofprocedureandbehaviorbutatbottomtheserestuponmorefundamentalpatternsoforderwhichcanbemaintainedandevolvedbythepoliticalstate.Thedependenceof ernmentonbusinessislessabsolute.ernmentscanabsorbdirectresponsibilityfor anizingeconomicfunctions.Inmanycases,ancientandmodern,ernment-runeconomicactivitiesseemtohaveoperatedatalevelofefficiencynotmarkedlyinferiortocomparablework anizedbybusiness.Ifsociety'ssolepurposeistoachieveabaresurvivalforitsmembers,therecanbenosubstantialobjectionto ernmentalabsorptionofeconomicarrangements.Manypeople ernmentandbusinessare"enemies" thestrugglebetweenthetwopartieshasalwaystheybasedtheirbeliefontheexperienceoftheindustrialtheybelieve ernmentcandobetterthanbusinessineconomicthestrugglebetweenthetwopartiesissofiercethatneitherwillsurviveinThethirdparagraphmainly ernmentandbusinessdependoneachwhysocialorderisimportanttobusinesswhyitisnecessaryforbusinesstorely howbusinesscandevelopandmaintainWhatdoesthepassagesayabouteconomic anized TheymostlyaimathelpeopletoTheycanbeconductedaswellasthosebyTheyaretheonesthatbusinesscannotdoTheyarecomparativelymodernWecanconcludefromthepassagethatitisdifficultfovernmentandbusinesstohavegooditisdifficulttostudytherelations ernmentandernmentshoulddominateeconomicernmentandbusinessshouldnotopposeeachotherPassageSixStandingupforwhatyoubelieveincanbetough. Sometimesit'sgottobedone,butthepricecanbehigh.BiochemistJeffreyWigandfoundthisoutthehardwaywhenhetookonhisemployer,tobaccogiantBrown&Williamson,overit thatcigaretteswerenotaddictive.SotoodidclimatemodelerBenSanterwhenheputhisnametoaUNreportwhicharguedthatitispeoplewhoarewarmingtheplanet.Bothmenfoundthemselvesundersustainedattacks.WigandfromBrown&Williamson,Santerfromthecombinedmightoftheoilandcarindustries.Thetwomengotintotheirdreadfulpredicamentsbytotallydifferentroutes.Buttheyhadonethingincommon-theyfoughtpowerfulvestedinterests(既得利益者)withscientificdatathatthoseinterestswishedwouldgoaway.Commercialcompaniesarenot.ofcourse,theonlyvestedinterestsintown.ernmentshaveahabitofbackingtheideasofwhoeverpaysthemosttax.Academiaalsohasitsversion:scientifictheoriesoftencomewithfragileegosandreputationsstillattached,andsupportersofthosetheoriescanbeoverlyresistanttonewideas.Forexample,AlfredWegener'sideathatthecontinentsdriftacrossthesurfaceoftheplanetwaslaughedatwhenheproposeditin1915.Thisideawasonlyacceptedfinallyinthe1960s,whenplatetectonicscameofage.Morerecently,in1982,StanleyPrusinerwaslabeledcrazyforhiscontroversialsuggestionthatinfectiousdiseasessuchasBSE(瘋牛病)werecausedbyaproteinthatself-replicated.Adecadelater,thenotionhadgainedground. Finally,in1997,hereceivedaNobelPrizeforhisidea.Westernsciencehasalwaysthrivedonindividualism- 'sambitiontotoppleaSoindependenceofthoughtiscrucial.Butthisappliesnotonlyforscientists,butalsotheir ernmentsandcommercialsponsorsincreasinglypullingthestringsofuniversityresearch--perhapsit’stimetospendsomelotterymoney,say,ontrulyindependentingscientists’inertiawillbemuoreYetwecannotaffordtobeslowtohearnewideasanpttothem.Backinthe1950s,ifernmentshadtakenseriouslythefindingsofepidemiologistRichardDollaboutthelinkbetweensmokingandlungcancer,millionsofpeoplewouldhavebeenspareddisabilityandprematuredeath.Oneoftheideasthatarehighlightedinthepassageisthatindividualshavegreaterchanceofsuccessinscientificresearchthanalityplaysacrucialroleintheadvancesoforiginalityofthinkingisthekeytotheadvancesofthe ligenceofscientistsisofvitalimportancetoscientificJeffreyWigand'sideaaboutthenatureof wassimilartothatofthetobaccosoundedridiculoustoteralwasreachedpurelyout alshouldheregardedasscientificallyJeffreyWigandwasattackedbythetobaccogiant hisideacouldleadtoafinanciallossforthehehadbeeneagertodefeathishisideawasscientificallyhehadlongbeenanenemyoftheTheunderlinedphrase"platetectonics”inthe5thparagraphprobablyreferstoA.thestudyofthestructureoftheearthscientificstudyoftheclimateofthethetheorythattheearthssurfaceconsistsofplatesinconstantthetheorythattheearth'ssurfacewasoriginallyaplate- dheavenlyOneoftheconclusionsthatwecanreachfromthispassageis ernmentalinterestsalwaysseemtoclashwiththoseoftheprivatescientificfindingsareoftenobtainedatthesacrifice alscientifictruthsareoftenrejectedbeforetheyarewidelyscientistsaresometimesdoubtfulabouttheirTheauthorseemstobesuggestingthatthevestedinterestsaresometimesanobstacletotheprogressofernmentsaretheonetoblameforthedeteriorationoftheatimelyresponsetopeople'sdemandisappreciatedbythetheinterferenceby ernmentresultedinthetragedyofthe RPart TRANSLATION(40minutes,20SectionA(20minutes,10Directions：PutthefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheetII.ThenationsmeetinghereinShanghaiunderstandwhatisatstake.Ifwedonotstandagainstterrorismnow,everycivilizednationwillatsomepointbeits.Wewilldefeattheterroristsbydestroyingtheirnetwork,whereveritisfound.Wewillalsodefeattheterroristsbybuildinganenduringprosperitythatpromisesmoreopportunityandbetterlivesforalltheworld'speople.ThecountriesofthePacificRimmadethedecisiontoopenthemselvesuptotheworld,andtheresultisoneofthegreatdevelopmentsuccessstoriesofourtime.Thepeoplesofthisregionaremoreprosperous,healthier,andbettereducatedthantheywereonlytwodecadesago.Andthisprogresshasprovedwhatopennesscan SectionB(20minutes,10Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.WriteyourEnglishversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheetII.Part WRITING(30minutes,10 TheIncreaseinGraduateStudents'Studythefollowingchartcarefully,thenwriteacompositiondescribethechangesinthegraduatestudents'enrollmentinthepastfourgivepossiblereasonsforthe2002年6月英語 課統(tǒng)考講解第一部分理解Section1-5:B,D,C,D, 6-9:C,D,B,Section10-12:C,D, 13-15:D,D,第二部Sectionenhance:v. underline:v.給…integrate:v.該句意為：隊員和最擔心的是比賽裁判不公正partiality:n.偏袒，不公正justice:n.正義participation:n.參加regionalism:n.地區(qū)主義reckon:v.估計，認為stipulate:v.規(guī)定，要求stimulatev.該句意為：者利欲熏心，不擇想把出土弄到手setfooton:踏上，來到loseone’sheartto:愛上setone’smindon:專心getholdof:該句意為：肯定有近參加了這次approximay:adv.pullout:離開，撤回pullin:進站，限制pulldown:拆除，扒掉pullup:停止該句