《21世紀(jì)實(shí)用英語(yǔ)第1冊(cè)》Unit 3

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONPARTIISPEAKINGDEVELOPMENTPARTIIIINTEGRATEDCOURSEPARTIVREADINGTRAININGPARTVWRITINGWORKEXERCISEBOOKUnit3PARTIMakingComplimentsLISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONWordstoKnow

ShortConversations

SituationalDialogues

PassageListeningWordstoKnow1.cute 2.choir3.gorgeous 4.dumpling5.roll 6.match7.seminar 8.pliment 10.murmur11.exquisite 12.embarrass13.convey 14.implication15.questionable 16.intentionShortConversationsDirections:Listentothedialoguesandfillintheblankswiththewordsyouhear.1.A:Look,what_____________you’vegot!What’shername?B:HernameisAlice.Wouldyouliketo_______?2.A:Hi,Lily.You___________tonight!B:Thankyou.Bytheway,youlook_______withyournewT-shirt.3.A:What_____________,Jean.Youlookmarvelous!B:Thankyou.You,too.Wheredidyouget____________?4.A:Mr.Ben,whatdoyou_________thebook?B:It’s____________.Ilikeitverymuch.5.A:Xiaoming,you______________,can’tyou?B:Thanks,Mark.I_________amemberoftheschoolchoir.acutelittledogpatherlookgreatterrificanicedressyournewhatthinkofanexcellentreallycansingusedtobeSituationalDialoguesDialogue1YouwillhearadialoguebetweenTomandhiscolleague,Xiaoming,havingdinnertogether.1.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Food.B.Home.C.Work.D.Cook.2.Wherearethey?A.Inarestaurant.B.Intheoffice.C.InXiaoming’sapartment.D.InTom’sapartment.3.HowmanyspringrollshasTomeaten?A.Four.B.Three.C.Two.D.One.4.HowdidTomcommentoncolddishes?A.Wonderful.B.Notgood.C.Doesn’tmention.D.Tasteless.5.Whatkindofdisheswasnotmentioned?A.Dumplings.B.Springrolls.C.Maindishes.D.Chicken.√√√√√Dialogue2AlbertandBarkleyarecolleagues.AlbertisspeakinghighlyofBarkley’stie.(1)WhoboughtatieforBarkley?A.Albert.B.Barkleyhimself.C.Barkley’swife.D.Albert’swife.(2)WhydidBarkleygetatie?A.Forhisbirthday.B.Forhiswife’sbirthday.C.Becausehelostone.D.Forhisfirstanniversaryofmarriage.(3)HowdoesthetiegowithhissweateraccordingtoAlbert?A.Well.B.Justso-so.C.Notinphase.D.Notmentioned.(4)WhatwillBarkleydo?A.Goshopping.B.Goforadriveacrossthecountry.C.Givealecture.D.Attendawedding.(5)WheredoAlbertandBarkleyworkmostprobably?A.Atafarm.B.Inafactory.C.Forthegovernment.D.Atauniversity.√√√√√SituationalDialoguesPassageListening1.

Directions:Listentothepassageandfillinthemissingwordswiththeexactwordsyouhearonthetape.

Therearesome___________inreplyingtocomplimentsbetweenChineseandAmerican:Americanstendto________thecomplimentwhileChinesegenerally________somereplyaboutnotbeing________ofthepraise.Hereafewmorewordsmightbesaidaboutthisdifference.Considerthefollowingexample:

AyoungChinesewomanintheU.S.wascomplimentedforthe_______dressthatshewaswearing.“It’sexquisite.The_______aresobeautiful!”Shewas________butsomewhatembarrassed.IntypicalChinese________,shereplied,“Oh,it’sjustanordinarydressthatIboughtinChina.”Inthiscase,thewordsoftheChinese_________amessagequitedifferentfromwhatwasintended.InthecaseoftheChinesewoman,thereplycouldhavemeantthattheone_______thecomplimentdidnot_______whatareallygooddressis;otherwise,howcouldshegetso_______aboutanordinarydress?The__________wasthattheAmericanwoman’stasteinclothingwas____________.So,thepersonhadpoorjudgment.Quitea______betweenintentionand

message!differences

acceptmurmurworthylovelycolorspleasedfashionconveyedpayingknowexcitedimplicationquestionablegap2.Directions:Listentothepassageagainandanswerthefollowingquestionsinbrief.(1)DoChineseorAmericanstendtoacceptpeople’scompliments?___________________________________________________(2)WhenotherscomplimentayoungChinesewomanforherlovelydress,what’sherfeeling?___________________________________________________(3)MaypeoplewhopaycomplimentsbemisunderstoodbyChinese-stylereply?___________________________________________________(4)ThemessagethattheChinesewomanconveyeddidnotexpressherintention,didit?____________________________________________________(5)Whatdoesthepassagetelluswhenwecommunicatewithforeigners?___________________________________________________Americanstendtoacceptpeople’scompliments.Shemaybepleasedbutsomewhatembarrassed.Yes,theymay.No,itdidn’t.Thepassagetellsustopayattentionculturaldifferenceswhenwecommunicatewithforeigners.PassageListeningPARTIISPEAKINGDEVELOPMENT

MakingComplimentsSituationalDialoguesUsefulSentencesandExpressionsNewwordsandExpressionsDialogue1Dr.JohnsonintroducesavisitingscholarfromChina,Dr.Zhang,toDr.Parker,andthelattermakescomplimentsforZhang’sspeakingEnglish.

Johnson:Goodmorning,Dr.Zhang.Zhang:Goodmorning,Dr.Johnson.Johnson:Hi,Dr.Zhang.ThisisDr.Parker.Heisalsoaprofessorinourdepartment.Zhang:It’snicetomeetyou,Dr.Parker.Parker:Me,too,Dr.Zhang.YouspeakverygoodEnglish.Zhang:It’sverykindofyoutosay.IbegantolearnEnglishattheageofeight.Parker:Wheredidyoulearnit?Zhang:Atschool,inChina.Thisisthefirsttimeformetobeabroad.Parker:It’samazing.SituationalDialoguesDialogue2Aprofessor,Dr.SmithmakescomplimentsforYinping’s

dressandpresentation.Yinping:Hi,Dr.Smith.Howareyou?Smith:Verywell.Thankyou.Oh,Yinping,youlookbeautifultoday.Yourdressisperfect.Everythingmatchesperfectly.Yinping:Thankyou.Todayisspecialforme,youremember?Smith:Oh,yes.You’regoingtogiveusapresentationaboutopeningChina.…………Smith:Congratulations!You’vemadeanexcellentpresentation.I’mdeeplyimpressed.Yinping:Thankyou.IhopeIdid.Smith:Sure.Yourtalkwasinformative.Welearnedalotabouttoday’sopeningChina.SituationalDialoguesDialogue3Billhasboughtahouse,andDaweimakescomplimentstoBill.Dawei:Bill,youdohaveaverybeautifulhouse.

Bill:Yeah,we’vespentallmymoneyonit.Dawei:Thegardenisalsobigandlovely.Youhaveallkindsofflowersplantedinit.Bill:Yousee,differentflowersbloomindifferentseasons.So,youcanseeflowersalltheyearround.Dawei:It’sindeedalovelyhome.

Bill:Thanks.SituationalDialogues1.SomeSentencePatternsUsedDaily(1)That’smarvelous!(2)It’salovelypicture!(3)Youhaveabeautifulsmile!(4)Youhaveagoodsenseofhumor.(5)Youdidabeautifuljob.(6)Welldone.(7)Thatwasoutstanding.(8)Thetheorywaswellpresentedandtheexamplesweremarvelous.UsefulSentencesandExpressions(9)Well,don’tyoulookcutetoday?(10)Youhavesuchniceclothes.(11)Whatabighouse!(12)Yourwifeisbeautiful.You’reveryluckytohavesuchaprettywife.(13)Mywifeisverygoodatcooking,andperhapswecanbringsomeChinesefoodthen.(14)Iappreciatethecompliment.(15)It’sniceofyoutosayso.(16)Thankyouforsayingso.(17)I’mgladyoulikeit.(18)Thankyou.Ihavehadthisforawhile.(2)SomeWordsandExpressionsRelatedmature dynamichonest excellentabilityabilityplusflexibility astablepersonalityhighsenseofresponsibility brightaggressive ambitiousinitiative independentenergetic fashion-mindedstrongdetermination strongreliable excellentefficient positiveactive elegantpresentationinformativehumorNewwordsandExpressionsPARTIIIINTEGRATEDCOURSEComputerTextA

TextBComputerandPrivacyNewWordsandExpressionsComprehensionoftheTextANewWordsandExpressionsComprehensionoftheTextBComputerTextAComputersareextremelyimportantinavarietyofways.Theysimplifymanydifficultortime-consumingtaskstoanextraordinarydegree.Theyprovidebusinesses,governments,individuals,andinstitutionswithanefficientwaytomanagelargeamountsofinformation.Computersalsohelppeopletounderstandthingsbetterbyallowingthemtomakemodelsandtesttheories.Thevalueofcomputersliesintheirabilitytoperformcertainbasictasksveryquicklyandaccurately.Thesetasksincludesolvingnumericalproblems,storingandretrievinginformation,andcreatinganddisplayingdocumentsandpictures.AbranchofcomputersciencecalledAI(ArtificialIntelligence)usesprogramsthathelpsolveproblemsbyapplyinghumanknowledgeandexperience.Artificialintelligencesystemsenablecomputerswhichareprogrammedwithvastamountsofdatato“think”aboutnumerouspossibilities.However,computercansometimesbreakdown,whichwillcausegreattroublestopeoplewhorelyonit.Untilthecomputerisfixed,thesepeoplemaybeworseoffthaniftheyneverhadacomputeratall.Computerbreakdownsandfaultyprogramminginbusinessorganizationsdelaytransactions,disruptwork,andcreateinconveniencesforconsumers.Acomputermalfunctionthatoccursatanairtrafficcontrolcentercouldcauseanaircollision.Acomputerfailureatanationaldefenseinstallationcouldhaveevenmoreseriousconsequences.Computersprovideconvenientstorageforlargeamountsofinformation.Muchoftheconvenienceofcomputersstemsfromtheirabilitytoformnetworksbymeansoftelephonelines.Butacomputerthatmakesuppartofanetworkresemblesaroomwithmanydoors.Intruderswhoslipthroughthese“doors”aredifficulttotrace.Forthisreason,computerdesignersworktosafeguardstoredinformationfromunauthorizedaccess,aswellasfromsystembreakdownorfailure.DetailedStudyoftheTextA1.Computersareextremelyimportantinavarietyofways.

計(jì)算機(jī)在許多方面都發(fā)揮著極其重要的作用。

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variety:numberorrangeofdifferentthings;assortment種類，品種

◆avarietyof:variouskindsof,allkindsof多種的例如：

Hedidn’tcometoattendthemeetingforavarietyofreasons.由于多種原因，他沒(méi)有來(lái)開會(huì)。

Thereareavarietyofcolorsforyoutochoose.有多種顏色供你選擇。2.Theysimplifymanydifficultortime-consumingtaskstoanextraordinarydegree.=Theymakemanytaskssimpleandsavealotoftimeforpeopletoagreatextent.

他們可以把許多困難并且耗時(shí)的工作大幅度簡(jiǎn)化。

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time-consuming:takingorneedingmuchtime花費(fèi)時(shí)間的構(gòu)詞方法：“n.+V-ing“構(gòu)成一個(gè)形容詞。例如：effort-making,epoch-making

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tosome/acertaindegree:tosomeextent在一定程度上例如：

Weagreedwithyouontheprojecttosomedegree.有一定程度上，我們同意你對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的意見。3.Theyprovidebusinesses,governments,individuals,andinstitutionswithanefficientwaytomanagelargeamountsofinformation.

它們向各公司、政府、個(gè)人和社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)提供了一個(gè)可以管理大量信息的高效手段。

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providesomeonewithsomething/providesomethingforsomeone:makesomethingavailableforsomeonetousebygiving,lendingorsupplyingit;supplysomeonewithsomething/supplysomethingtosomebody提供例如：

Thecompanyprovidedthearmywithfood.=Thecompanyprovidedfoodforthearmy.這家公司為軍隊(duì)提供食物。

Thepeasantsprovideuswithgrainandvegetables.農(nóng)民供給我們糧食和蔬菜。

Didyourparentsprovidefoodandclothesforyouintheuniversity?

你父母供給你在大學(xué)的衣食了嗎？4.Computersalsohelppeopletounderstandthingsbetterbyallowingthemtomakemodelsandtesttheories.

計(jì)算機(jī)還通過(guò)讓人們制作模型和檢驗(yàn)理論來(lái)更好地理解事物。5.Thevalueofcomputersliesintheirabilitytoperformcertainbasictasksveryquicklyandaccurately.

計(jì)算機(jī)的價(jià)值在于它能快捷準(zhǔn)確地執(zhí)行某些基本工作。

◆Thevalueofcomputersliesintheirability…=Theadvantageofcomputerscanbefoundintheirability…

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liein:existorbefoundin在于例如：

Thebeautyliesintheriverofthisoilpainting.這幅油畫美就美在所畫的河水。

Hercharmliesinhergoodtemper.好的魅力在于她的好脾氣。6.Thesetasksincludesolvingnumericalproblems,storingandretrievinginformation,andcreatinganddisplayingdocumentsandpictures.

這些工作包括：解決數(shù)字計(jì)算問(wèn)題，儲(chǔ)存和恢復(fù)信息，以及新建和顯示文件和圖片。7.AbranchofcomputersciencecalledAI(ArtificialIntelligence)usesprogramsthathelpsolveproblemsbyapplyinghumanknowledgeandexperience.

計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)中有一個(gè)分支叫人工智能，它把人類的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)編入程序，再用這些程序來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。DetailedStudyoftheTextA8.Artificialintelligencesystemsenablecomputerswhichareprogrammedwithvastamountsofdatato“think”aboutnumerouspossibilities.

人工智能系統(tǒng)使內(nèi)部編有大量信息的計(jì)算機(jī)能夠“思考”眾多的可能性

◆enablesomeonetodosomething：使某人能做……

例如：

Outtrainingwillenableyoutofindanewbetterjob.我們的培訓(xùn)能使你找到一個(gè)新的更好的工作。

Newcomputersenablealltheemployeestospeeduptheirwork.新電腦使得所有的雇員都加快了工作速度。9.However,computercansometimesbreakdown,whichwillcausegreattroublestopeoplewhorelyonit.

但計(jì)算機(jī)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)故障,這會(huì)給依賴于電腦的人們?cè)斐珊艽蟮穆闊?/p>

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relyon:dependon,counton依靠，依賴?yán)纾?/p>

Don’trelyonothersifyoucandoitbyyourself.能自己做，就不要依靠別人。DetailedStudyoftheTextA10.Untilthecomputerisfixed,thesepeoplemaybeworseoffthaniftheyneverhadacomputeratall.=Beforethecomputerfunctionsnormally,thepeoplemaybeinaworsesituationthanbeforesotheywouldrathertheydidn’townacomputeratall.

在計(jì)算機(jī)被修好之前，這些人的情況也許會(huì)比從來(lái)沒(méi)有使用過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)更加糟糕。

◆beworse/betteroff:bepoorer,beinaworsesituationthanbefore;behappierormoreatease更加貧窮/更加富裕例如：

Afterhisfatherdied,Tom’sfamilyisworseoff.湯姆的父親死后，家里更貧窮了。

Theruralpeoplespecializedingrowingvegetables,sotheyarebetteroff.郊區(qū)的人們擅長(zhǎng)種蔬菜，所以他們比較富裕。11.Computerbreakdownsandfaultyprogramminginbusinessorganizationsdelaytransactions,disruptwork,andcreateinconveniencesforconsumers.

商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)中的計(jì)算機(jī)故障和錯(cuò)誤的程序會(huì)延誤交易，妨礙工作以及給消費(fèi)者造成不便。DetailedStudyoftheTextA12.Acomputermalfunctionthatoccursatanairtrafficcontrolcentercouldcauseanaircollision.

在空中交通指揮中心出現(xiàn)的計(jì)算機(jī)故障會(huì)引起飛機(jī)碰撞。

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occur：comeabout,happen發(fā)生

例如：

Earthquakesoccurfrequentlyinthisarea.這一地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生地震

Itneveroccurredtomethathemightbeintrouble.我怎么也沒(méi)有想到他會(huì)遇上麻煩。13.Acomputerfailureatanationaldefenseinstallationcouldhaveevenmoreseriousconsequences.

在國(guó)防設(shè)施中的計(jì)算機(jī)故障甚至?xí)斐筛鼮閲?yán)重的后果。

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couldhave表示一種假設(shè)，屬于虛擬語(yǔ)氣

例如：

Arainstormwoulddestroyallthecrops.一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨將毀掉所有的莊稼。

Acaraccidentonthiskindofexpresswaycouldcauseaserioustragedy.在這類高速公路上，一次車禍會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)難。DetailedStudyoftheText(1)14.Computersprovideconvenientstorageforlargeamountsofinformation.

計(jì)算機(jī)為大量信息的儲(chǔ)存提供方便。15.Muchoftheconvenienceofcomputersstemsfromtheirabilitytoformnetworksbymeansoftelephonelines.=Muchofconveniencethatcomputerbringscomesfromtheircapabilitytoformnetworksviatelephonelines.

計(jì)算機(jī)所提供的方便多來(lái)源于它們通過(guò)電話線形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能力。

◆stemfrom:arisefromsomething;havesomethingasitsoriginorcause來(lái)源于……

例如：

Correctchoicestemsfromcarefulconsideration.正確的選擇來(lái)源于仔細(xì)的考慮。

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bymeansof:byusingsomething;withthehelpofsomething過(guò)…方式例如：

Thebossmadehisfortunebymeansofsellingtheproductsabroad.這個(gè)老板通過(guò)向國(guó)外出售產(chǎn)品發(fā)了財(cái)。

Bymeansofmodernsciencetecnology,twomenwhoarethousandsofmilesapartcankeepintouchwitheachother.憑借現(xiàn)代的科學(xué)技術(shù)，兩個(gè)相隔千里的人都可以保持聯(lián)系。DetailedStudyoftheText(1)16.Butacomputerthatmakesuppartofanetworkresemblesaroomwithmanydoors.=Butacomputer,whichformspartofanetwork,issimilartoaroomwhichhasmanydoors.

但構(gòu)成網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一部分的計(jì)算機(jī)就類似于一間有著許多門的房間。

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resemble:belikeorsimilarto相似例如：

Histasteinmusicresembleshisbrother’s.他在音樂(lè)方面的品位跟他弟弟相似。

Monitors,alsoknownasvideodisplayterminals(VDTs),resembletelevisionscreens,andmaybeeithermonochromeorcolor.顯示器類似于電視屏幕，也被稱為視頻顯示終端（VDTs），有單色的和彩色的之分。17.Intruderswhoslipthroughthese“doors”aredifficulttotrace.=Itishardtofindthetracksofthepersonswhointrudedfromthe“doors”secretly.

偷偷進(jìn)入這些“門”的入侵者往往難以被追蹤。

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trace:followordiscoversomething/someonebyfindingandnoticingmarks,tracksorotherevidence追蹤例如：

Thepolicetracedthecriminaltohisheadquartersbythebloodspotshehadleft.警察根據(jù)罪犯留下的血跡追蹤到他的住所。

Herfearofwatercanbetracedbacktoachildhoodaccident.她很怕水，起因可追溯到兒時(shí)的一次事故。18.Forthisreason,computerdesignersworktosafeguardstoredinformationfromunauthorizedaccess,aswellasfromsystembreakdownorfailure.

因此，計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)者們的工作不僅在于要保護(hù)自己儲(chǔ)存的信息在計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)生故障和錯(cuò)誤時(shí)不受損害，還要保護(hù)它們免受非法入侵。

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safeguard…from：保護(hù)…不受…，類似的有prevent…from，stop…from，restrain…from。

例如：

Mydutyistosafeguardthesematerialsfromstealing.我的職責(zé)就是保護(hù)這些材料不被盜。

ThecomputerbreakdownsoftenstopbankcustomersfromsavingandwithdrawingmoneyfromATM.計(jì)算機(jī)故障經(jīng)常讓儲(chǔ)戶不能從自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)上存錢和取錢。1.variety 2.simplify3.extraordinary 4.efficient5.accurately 6.numerical7.retrieve 8.display9.artificial 10.intelligence11.breakdown 12.transaction13.disrupt 14.malfunction15.collision 16.installation17.stem 18.ruder 20.trace21.authorize 22.access23.avarietyof 24.toa...degree25.liein 26.beworseoff27.stemfrom 28.bymeansofNewWordsandExpressionsComprehensionoftheTextA1.Directions：

AnswerthefollowingquestionsofthetextA.(1)Inwhatwaysdoescomputersimplifypeople’slives?Theyprovidebusinesses,governments,individuals,andinstitutionswithanefficientwaytomanagelargeamountsofinformation,andalsohelppeopletounderstandthingsbetterbyallowingthemtomakemodelsandtesttheories.(2)Wheredoesthevalueofcomputerlie?

Thevalueofcomputersliesintheirabilitytoperformcertainbasictasksveryquicklyandaccurately.

(3)WhatisAI?

AIisArtificialIntelligencewhichusesprogramstohelpsolveproblemsbyapplyinghumanknowledgeandexperience.(4)Whattroubleswillcomputerbringtopeoplewhenitbreaksdown?

Computerbreakdownsdelaytransactions,disruptwork,andcreateinconveniencesforconsumers.AcomputermalfunctionthatoccursatanairtrafficcontrolcentercouldcauseanaircollisionAcomputerfailureatanationaldefenseinstallationcouldhaveevenmoreseriousconsequences.(5)Whyshouldcomputerdesignerssafeguardstoredinformationfromunauthorizedaccess?

Theydonotknowwhattotalkabouttostrangersorhowtokeeptheconversationmoving.2.Directions：ParagraphHeading:Pleasegiveaheadingtoeachparagraph.

（1）__________________________________________________________________________________________（2）_____________________________________________（3）__________________________________________________________________________________________（4）_____________________________________________（5）_____________________________________________Theydonotknowwhattotalkabouttostrangersorhowtokeeptheconversationmoving.

Itisforyoutostartconversation.

Peoplemayliketotalkabouttheirworkiftheyareemployed,theirclassesandmajorsiftheyarestudents.

Keepupwithcurrentevents.

Stopthesubjectandchangeanotherone.ComprehensionoftheTextAComputerandPrivacyTextBManypeoplefearthattheirrighttoprivacyisthreatenedbythepossiblemisuseorunauthorizeddisclosureofinformationincomputerdatabases.Databasesoftencontainprivateandpersonalinformation,suchasmedical,banking,ortaxrecords.Otherdatabases,whichpertaintobusinessplansorinventions,acompanymustconcealfromcompetingcompanies.Stillotherdatabasesstoretop-secretmilitaryinformationorotherkindsofdataimportanttoanation’ssecurity.Today,lawscontrolthedisclosureofdata.Computeroperatingsystemsaredesignedtopreventunauthorizedentryintoacomputer,butcomputercrimessometimesstilloccur.Industrialspiesandthievesoftenusetelephonelinestogainaccesstocomputers.Someofthesecriminalsstealorchangetheinformationinacomputerdatabase.Othersstealmoneybyusingthecomputerstotransferfundselectronicallyfromoneaccounttoanother.Seriousproblemscanariseifsomeonegetsillegalaccesstosecretinformationingovernmentorcorporatedatabases.Sometimes,peoplewithinanorganizationcommitcomputercrimes.Othercrimesarecommittedbyoutsiderswhocreatetroublesbybreakingintocomputersystems.Inthelate1980’s,computerexpertsbecameawareofadangeroustypeofprogramcalledacomputervirus.Acomputervirusisdesignedtodomischief,sometimesbydeletingorchanginginformationandsometimesbysimplyinsertingamessage.Avirusfinallyentersacomputer’soperatingsystem.Itspreadsbymakingcopiesofitselfrapidly,thus“infecting”theothercomputersystemsinanetwork.Thisprocesscanquicklyoverloadhugenetworks.Variousmethodshelpsafeguardcomputersystemsanddatabases.Protectivemeasuresarebuiltintomanycomputeroperatingsystemstopreventaccessbyinvaders.Manycomputersrequiredausertoenterasecretpassword.Somesystemsautomaticallymixinformationsothatitcanonlybedecodedbyauthorizedpersonnel.Carefulprotectionofthesepasswordsandcodeshelpsdecreasethepossibilityofillegalaccess.Antivirusprogramsareavailabletopreventcomputervirusesfromdoingmischief.DetailedStudyoftheTextB1.Manypeoplefearthattheirrighttoprivacyisthreatenedbythepossiblemisuseorunauthorizeddisclosureofinformationincomputerdatabases.

很多人擔(dān)心他們的隱私權(quán)會(huì)因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)中的信息被盜用或在未經(jīng)授權(quán)的情況下被公開而受到威脅。

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therighttosomething/todosomething：對(duì)于…/做…的權(quán)利例如：

Laborersshallhavetherighttoparticipateinandorganizetradeunionsinaccordancewiththelaw.勞動(dòng)者有依據(jù)法律參加和組織工會(huì)的權(quán)利。

InAmerica,nomatterwhatnationality,race,languageorsocialposition,eachchildhastherighttoeducationcertainlyforfree—therealfreeeducation.在美國(guó)，不論是什么國(guó)籍、種族，也不分語(yǔ)言、社會(huì)地位，每個(gè)孩子都理所當(dāng)然有接受教育的權(quán)利，而且是真正的免費(fèi)教育。2.Databasesoftencontainprivateandpersonalinformation,suchasmedical,banking,ortaxrecords.

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)經(jīng)常包括私人及個(gè)人的信息，例如醫(yī)療、銀行業(yè)務(wù)或稅務(wù)記錄。

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suchas:例如、像、諸如（用來(lái)舉例）例如：

Hecanspeakfivelanguages,suchasChineseandFrench.

他會(huì)說(shuō)五種語(yǔ)言，例如漢語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)。

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forexample,suchas和like都可以用來(lái)舉例，但用法有所不同。

forexample作“例如”講時(shí)，一般只以同類事物或人中的“一個(gè)”為例，作插入語(yǔ)，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：

Forexample,airisinvisible.例如，空氣是看不見的。

He,forexample,isagoodstudent.例如，他就是一個(gè)學(xué)生。

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suchas也作為“例如”講，用來(lái)舉例同類人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子。例如：

SomeoftheEuropeanlanguagescomefromLatin,suchasFrench,ItalianandSpanish.有些歐洲語(yǔ)言來(lái)源于拉丁語(yǔ)，例如法語(yǔ)、意大利語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)。

BoyssuchasJohnandJamesareveryfriendly.像約翰和詹姆斯這樣的男孩都很友好。

◆like也常用來(lái)表示舉例，可與suchas互換。但當(dāng)suchas中間插入名詞表示舉例時(shí)，不可與

like互換。例如：

Somewarm-bloodedanimals,like/suchasthecat,thedogorthewolf,donotneedtohibernate.Hehasseveralsuchreferencebooksasdictionariesandhandbooks.他有幾本像字典，手冊(cè)之類的參考書。

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使用suchas來(lái)舉例子，只能舉出其中的一部分，一般不能全部舉出。若全部舉出，應(yīng)用

namely（意為“即”）。例如：

Heknowsfourlanguages,namelyChinese,English,RussianandFrench.他精通四門語(yǔ)言，即漢語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)、俄語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)。DetailedStudyoftheText(2)3.Otherdatabases,whichpertaintobusinessplansorinventions,acompanymustconcealfromcompetingcompanies.

另有一些其他屬于公司的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)必須向其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手隱瞞，如商業(yè)計(jì)劃或發(fā)明。

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pertainto:belongtosomethingasapartofit屬于例如：

Pleaseshowustheevidencepertainingtothecase.請(qǐng)出示這個(gè)案子的證據(jù)。

Thepaperspertaintothemarketing–salesrelationship,participants’satisfaction,importance–performanceanalysis,countryoforigin,internetbanking,tourismandtravel,andmanagementleadershipstyle.這些論文涉及有關(guān)銷售—銷售關(guān)系、參與者的滿意度、重要性—執(zhí)行分析、產(chǎn)原因、網(wǎng)絡(luò)銀行、旅游觀光和管理領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式。

◆concealfrom:keepsomeone/somethingfrombeingseenorknownabout;hidesomeone/something隱藏、隱瞞例如：

Theplanmustbeconcealedfromtheotherteams.這個(gè)方案必須對(duì)其他隊(duì)保密。

Youcan’tconcealyoursorrow,becauseyoureyesrevealeverything.

你掩飾不了你的悲痛，因?yàn)槟愕难劬φf(shuō)明了一切。DetailedStudyoftheText(2)4.Stillotherdatabasesstoretop-secretmilitaryinformationorotherkindsofdataimportanttoanation’ssecurity.

還有一些數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)儲(chǔ)存著一級(jí)機(jī)密的軍事情報(bào)或其他種類的對(duì)國(guó)家安全而言非常重要的數(shù)據(jù)。

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top可以和別的詞組合成新的形容詞。例如：

top-dog居于支配地位的top-down組織管理嚴(yán)密的

top-flight第一流的top-heavy頭重腳輕的

top-level最高階層的top-quality最好品質(zhì)的

top-secret極其機(jī)密的top-priority具有優(yōu)先權(quán)的

top-line頭條新聞的top-drawer最高級(jí)的5.Today,lawscontrolthedisclosureofdata.

今時(shí)今日，由法律控制著信息的公開。6.Computeroperatingsystem