2021屆新高考版高考英語一輪復習第3部分題型七 概要寫作

題型七概要寫作考法幫解題能力提升Writing1[2019浙江6月]高考真題考法幫解題能力提升Writing1[2019浙江6月]高考真題閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。①Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.②JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,"We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."③Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,④when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.⑤Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem第一段為整個語篇的"起”,⑤表達了作者的真實意圖,即本段的主旨"Toomuchpraisecanmakekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakearisk."。①Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.②Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.③Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.第二段為第一段的"轉"指出另一個極端的危害"Notgivingenoughpraisecanbedamaging."。①Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?②Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.③Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,you"Weshould"Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoaJ"saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear：LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.⑤"Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters."第三段為前兩段的"承",也是整個語篇的"合",提出了作者的觀點"It'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.",即"Praiseshouldbefocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome."。①Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.②Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.③Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.④Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate（相稱的）totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.第四段為第三段的"承"，用例子支撐作者的觀點。本段主題句是④。寫作指導Para.1①作本段的"起"，描述現象;②作"承"，引入專家的觀點;③作"承"，分析出現該現象的原因;④作"轉"，引出作者的觀點;⑤作第一段的"合"指出"Toomuchpraise"的后果。Para.2①作上一段的"承"和本段后文內容的"起"指出不要走向另一個極端;②作"承"指出"Notgivingenoughpraise"的危害;③作"承",分析其原因,且本句本身也呈現出因果關系。Para.3①作前兩段的"承",也作本段的"起",起過渡作用;②是對上一句的回答，引出專家的觀點;③是對上一句的進一步解釋;④弓I用了專家的說法;⑤作本段的"合"，與②相呼應。Para.4①作上一段的"承"和本段第一個例子的"起";②作上一句的"轉"，呈現作者的真實意圖;③作前兩句的"承"，是第二個例子;④作本段的"合"，對前面兩個例子進行總結，回歸主題?！久}分析】本篇閱讀材料是一篇典型的議論文。文章指出,父母對孩子的表揚要專注于孩子的努力過程而不是結果,其語言難度適中,表現出很好的區(qū)分度,體現了高考"立德樹人、服務選拔、導向教學"的命題原則。具體特點歸納如下:語篇結構特征:過多的表揚f危害及原因描述表揚孩子的現象j兩個極端｛f正確的表揚f用例子支撐論點過少的表揚f危害及原因這種行文結構是考生非常熟悉的議論文的語篇結構,易于被廣大考生理解,體現了高考的基礎性和公平性原則。段內句群之間呈現出嚴謹的因果關系和轉折關系等,考生應注意理順這些邏輯關系。每一段都有長難句（畫線部分）,考生只有抓住關鍵信息、充分運用語言能力,才能理解這些句子。【思路點撥】寫概要時,首先要注意每段的主題句和關鍵詞,通過詞匯替換、句式轉變等多種方式改寫要點,注意一定要用自己的語言,不可以完全照搬原文;然后,添加銜接詞,使各要點之間的銜接更順暢;最后要注意單詞拼寫不要出現錯誤,也要注意大小寫和標點符號,同時還要注意控制詞數,不要少于40或多于80。本文的要點可以歸納如下:要點1,如今,父母總是給孩子相當多的贊揚,希望建立他們的自信心,但是這可能會產生相反的效果;要點2,父母對孩子表揚不夠同樣有損孩子的自信心;要點3,專家認為,父母應該因為努力過程而贊揚孩子,而不是因為事情的結果;要點4,孩子如果很努力,確實值得被贊揚?？傊?父母給孩子的贊揚的多少取決于孩子的努力程度?！痉段恼故尽縉owadays,parentstendtoofferconsiderablepraisetotheirchildren,hopingtobuildtheirconfidence,butitmayproducetheoppositeeffect.（要點一）However,notenoughpraisefromparentsalsodoesharmtochildren'sself-confidence.（要點二［Therefore,expertsclaimthatsincerepraiseshouldbegivenfortheprocessnotfortheresult.（要點三）Meanwhile,kidsdodeservepraiseiftheymakegreateffort.Anyway,theamountofpraiseparentsgiveshoulddependonhowhardtheirkidswork.（要點四）【亮點點評】范文準確把握了每一段的要點,且各要點之間的邏輯關系清晰,行文順暢、連貫。各要點之間使用了恰當的銜接詞，如:but,However,Therefore,Meanwhile,Anyway等。3作者在寫作中也特意轉換了一些原文中的關鍵詞匯:toomuchfconsiderable;bejusttheoppositefproducetheoppositeeffect;sayfclaim等。酩習思用?過關檢測十Writing1［2018浙江11月］閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus（校園）likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors（顧問），anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat/r/.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.Writing2閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Withtheincreasinglygrowingpopularityofdistanceeducation,studentsarenowabletostudyathomebythemselves.Someexpertsineducationareadvocatesoftheindividualwayoflearning,whileothereducationalistsstronglyopposeit,claimingthatthisnewapproachmayleadtopooracademicperformance.Inmyopinion,groupstudy（studyingasagroup）hasmanymoretooffer,andthereforeweshouldalwaysputgroupstudyfirst.Itistruethatweshouldvalueindividualism,pridingourselvesonourindependenceandourabilitytomakeupourownminds.This,however,doesnotnecessarilymeanthat,withself-relianceinmind,wecanalwaysstartacoursethatleadstosuccess,nomatterwhatwedo.Afterall,sometimesthingsgotheotherwayround.Letusbeginbyhavingacloseexaminationofstudying,whichmightinvolveinteractionbetweenteachersandstudentsatfirstthought.Butdoescommunicationamonglearnerscount?Theanswerisabsolutely"Yes".Byexchangingthoughtswithourstudypartners,wecanhaveawiderrangeofknowledgeofthesubjectandoftenatadeeperlevel;bycomparingourselveswithotherstudents,wecangetaclearideaofwherewearesothatwemaybemotivatedtoworkhardtokeeppacewithothersifwelagbehindothers.Itisknowntoallthathumansare"gregarious（群居的）animals".Notonlydowestudyorplaytogether,butalsoweworkingroups.Almostallmembersofoursocietyneedtogainsocialskillsinpreparationfortheircareers,andstudyingwithotherpeopleoffersthegreatestopportunitytolearnhowtocommunicateandcooperatewithothers.Peoplewhostudyallbythemselvesmayprovetheirlearningability,buttheymaynotsurviveinthecompetitivejobmarket,fortheylackrelevantsocialskills.Whileweshouldencouragestudentstodeveloptheirownmindset,theimportantroleplayedbygroupstudyshouldneverbeundervalued.Allinall,studentswhostudyindependentlymightneedtochangetheirstudyinghabitsinordertoachievesuccessinthefuture.Writing3閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Areyoutryingtomakeabigdecisionwhileyou'realsopreparingforastressfulpresentation?Youmightwanttoholdoffthat.Feelingstressfulchangeshowpeopleweighriskandreward.AnarticlepublishedinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalSciencesuggestspeopleunderstresspaymoreattentiontothepositivesidesofapossibleoutcome.It'sabitsurprisingthatstressmakespeoplefocusonthewaythingscouldgoright,saysMaraMatherfromtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Sheco-wrotethereviewpaperwithNicholeR.Lighthall."Thisissortofnotwhatpeoplewouldthink,"Mathersays."Stressisusuallyassociatedwithnegativeexperiences,soyou'dthink‘MaybeI'mgoingtobemorefocusedonthenegativeoutcomes'."Butresearchershavefoundthatwhenpeopleareunderstress,theystartpayingmoreattentiontopositiveinformationanddiscountingnegativeinformation."Stressseemstohelppeoplelearnfrompositivefeedbackandimpair（削弱）theirlearningfromnegativefeedback,"Mathersays.Whenpeopleunderstressaremakingadifficultdecision,theymaypaymoreattentiontothegoodsidesofthealternativesthey'reconsideringandlesstotheproblems.Sosomeonewho'sthinkingwhethertotakeanewjobandisfeelingstressfulaboutitmightfocusontheincreaseinsalarymorethanthelongercommute（上下班路程）.Theincreasedfocusonthepositivesalsohelpsexplainwhystressplaysaroleinevokingaddictions.Peopleunderstresshaveahardertimecontrollingtheirurges."Thecompulsiontogettherewardcomesstrongerandthey'relessabletoresistit,"Mathersays.Stressalsoincreasesthedifferencesinhowmenandwomenthinkaboutrisks.Whenmenareunderstress,theybecomeevenmorewillingtotakerisks;whenwomenarestressful,theygetmoreconservative.Previousresearchbacksthisup—atdifficulttimes,mentendtowardsthefight-or-flightresponse,whilewomentrytobondmorewithothersandimprovetheirrelationships.Writing4閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Somepeopledoubttheaccuracyandreliabilityofthefacialrecognitiontechnology.Theyneednot,becausethetechnologyishighlyadvanced.Itcandistinguishahumanfacewithorwithoutglasses.Testsshowithasaprecisionrateofmorethan99percent.Somearguethatthefingerprintoriris（虹膜）recognitionsystemisperhapsmoreaccuratethanthefacialrecognitionsystem.True,butforirisrecognition,apersonhastoholdhisorherheadstillandlookatthecamera,whichistime-consumingandthusnotsuitableforpublicspacessuchassubwaystations.Andthefingerprintrecognitionsystemisnotsosecure,assomepeoplecancheatthesystembycopyingandusingthefingerprintsofotherpeopletoenterorexitastation.Thefacialrecognitionsystemisrathermature.Itcollectspeople'sfacialimagesfromdifferentangles,insteadofone,andthereforeminimizesthechanceofcheating.Actually,itisalreadybeingappliedtomanyfieldssuchasunlockingsmartphonesandcomputers.Besides,thefacialrecognitiontechnologycanalsohelpthepolicetohuntescapedcriminalsinpublicspaces.However,thelawsaysacitizen'sphotoshouldnotbecollectedforcommercialusewithouthis/herpermission.Toavoidsuchlegalrisks,somemeasuresshouldbetakenbeforethecollectionofpassengerinformation.First,companiesmustensurethecollectedfacialimagesareonlyforpublicconvenience,andwillneverbeusedforcommercialpurposes,suchasadvertising.Second,companiesmusttakenecessarymeasurestomakesurenotevenasingleoneisleakedorsoldtoanythirdpartywithoutthepassenger'spermission.Generally,advancedtechnologiescanbeusedinpublicspaces,butpeople'srightsmustberespected,atleasttoavoidlegalrisks.Writing5閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Forexample,carshavemadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreatheandpoisonousgasisgivenoffbyfactories.Treesonthehillshavebeencutdownandwastewaterisbeingpouredcontinuouslyintorivers.Furthermore,whereverwegotoday,wecanfindrubbishdisposed（處理）carelessly.Therearedifferentkindsofpollutants,eachofwhichcomesfromdifferentsources.Itisnecessarytoidentifythesourceofpollutants,inordertomakeapolicytogetridofthem.Differentproducts,processesandactivitiesofourindustrializedworldtogetherformthemajorsourceofpollutants.Theformsofpollutioncanbemainlydividedintothreekinds—solids,liquidsandgases.Thesepollutantshavegreatlydamagedourplanetandcontinuetodoso.Infact,pollutionisthreateningourexistence.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheearthischanging.Massivedestructionoftheenvironmenthasbroughtaboutnegativeeffectsandevenposedagreatthreattoman'sexistence.Wemustfacethesituationthatexistsandtakeactiontosolveourenvironmentalproblems.Forinstance,newlawsmustbepassedtoplacestrictcontroloverindustrialpollution;thepublicmustreceivetheeducationaboutthedangerofpollutionandraisetheirawarenessofprotectingtheenvironmentandsoon.Theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitforourselvesandourlatergenerations.Fortunately,moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedtheseproblems.Measureshavebeentakentodealwiththesituationbythegovernment.Andlawshavebeenpassedtostoppollution.Ihopetheproblemswillbesolvedinthenearfutureandthatourhomewillbecomebetterandbetter.Writing1【寫作思路】核心內容:本文是一篇說明文。在申請大學之前,最好能夠先去了解即將報考的大學的相關情況,特別是你家附近的大學,可以去里面走一走,如果時間和錢不允許,也可以上網查詢相關情況。寫作分析:（1）抓住主旨,理清結構關系。原文第一段提出了主題,即在申請大學之前去參觀一下是一個很好的主意;第二、三、四段講述了具體的措施。（2）確立語篇主題,合理重組結構。原文第一段首先表明了文章的中心，可概括為"You'dbettersparethetimetovisitcampusestoexamineallaspectsofyourdreamcollegestoensureabrilliantcollegelife,evenifitmaybecostly"要點1）;第二段交代了了解大學的方式之一,可概括為"Ifyoulivenearby,besuretocheckitoutbeforeyouapply"（要點2）;第三段交代了了解大學的方式之二可概括為"Evenaftersubmittingapplications,avisitcanhelpavoidmuchtrouble"（要點3）;第四段交代了了解大學的方式之三，可概括為"VisitingtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive,ifit'simpossibletoseeforyourselfforlackoftimeandmoney,willbebeneficial"（要點4）。通過以上分析，我們可以發(fā)現原文的論述結構:提出文章中心（要點1）——展開論述（要點2—4）。在寫概要的時候,考生應先確定采取何種表達順序來完成對原文要點的表述。【參考范文】You'dbettersparethetimetovisitcampusestoexamineallaspectsofyourdreamcollegestoensureabrilliantcollegelife,evenifitmaybecostly.（要點1）Ifyoulivenearby,besuretocheckitoutbeforeyouapply.（要點2）Evenaftersubmittingapplications,avisitcanhelpavoidmuchtrouble.（要點3）VisitingtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive,ifit'simpossibletoseeforyourselfforlackoftimeandmoney,willbebeneficial.（要點4）Writing2【文章大意】Paragraph1:隨著遠程教育的日益流行,現在學生可以在家自己學習。教育領域的一些專家支持獨立的學習方式,而其他教育家強烈反對這種學習方式。作者認為小組學習有更多的優(yōu)點,所以我們應該把小組學習放在第一位。Paragraph2:我們應該重視個人主義,為自己的獨立和自主能力感到自豪,但這未必意味著在自我獨立的情況下,不管做什么我們總能開啟一條通往成功的路。學習者之間的交流溝通是很重要的,通過與學習伙伴交流想法,我們可以更廣泛地加深對某一問題的認識,通過與學習伙伴的對比,我們也可以了解自己當前的學習水平,從而與他人齊步前進。Paragraph3:眾所周知,人類是群居動物。小組學習給學習者提供了絕好的機會來學習如何與他人溝通與合作,這有利于人們在充滿競爭的就業(yè)市場中勝出。Paragraph4:雖然我們應該鼓勵學生發(fā)展自己的思維方式,但絕不應低估小組學習的重要作用。總而言之,獨立學習的學生可能需要改變他們的學習習慣,以便在未來取得成功?！痉段恼故尽緿espitethepopularityofindependentlearning,Iholdthebeliefthatgroupstudycanbenefitusmore.（要點1）Interactionwithpeersisnolessimportantthanindependenceinachievingsuccess.（要點2）Meanwhile,socialskillsthatplayasignificantroleinpeople'scareerscanbelearnedfromgroupstudy.（要點3）Toconclude,theimportanceofgroupstudyshouldnotbeundervaluedifwewanttobesuccessfulinthefuture.（要點4）Writing3【文章大意】Paragraph1:壓力會改變人們如何權衡風險和回報。一篇發(fā)表在《心理科學近期趨勢》上的文章表明,處于壓力下的人更加關注可能出現的結果的積極方面。Paragraph2:研究者發(fā)現當人們處于壓力下時,他們開始更加關注積極的信息。Paragraph3:換工作和上癮兩件事說明壓力對我們做決定有一定的影響。Paragraph4:面對風險,處于壓力之下的男性與女性反應不同。當男性處于壓力之下時,他們更愿意冒險;當女性感到有壓力時,她們會變得更加保守?！痉段恼故尽縎tresscanaffectdecision-making,andfeelingstressfulmayleadpeopletobemoreoptimistic.（要點1）Surprisingasitmaysound,stresscanreallymakepeopleconcentratemoreonpositivethingsandlessonnegativeones.（要點2）Bothjob-hoppingandaddictionscanwellexplaintheinfluenceofstressondecision-making.（要點3）Nevertheless,menandwomenunderstressrespondquitedifferentlyinthefaceofrisks.（要點4）Writing4【文章大意】Parag