考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川工商學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川工商學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

侵略行為似乎與許多生物結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)物質(zhì)有關(guān)，如大腦中的下丘腦(hypothalamus)。很多動(dòng)物在受到特定刺激時(shí)會(huì)表現(xiàn)出本能的侵略反應(yīng)。下丘腦似乎與動(dòng)物的這種本能反應(yīng)有關(guān)：對(duì)許多動(dòng)物的下丘腦中部分區(qū)域進(jìn)行電激，會(huì)引發(fā)這一些它們的常見侵略行為。然而，人類的大腦要復(fù)雜的多，大腦的其他結(jié)構(gòu)似乎可以抑制這種本性。社會(huì)生物學(xué)是生物學(xué)方法的一個(gè)分支，該理論認(rèn)為侵略性對(duì)于人類而言是天生并且必要的。社會(huì)生物學(xué)認(rèn)為，包括侵略行為在內(nèi)的許多社會(huì)行為都是由遺傳決定的。根據(jù)達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論，他認(rèn)為，個(gè)體存在的數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)那些可以找到食物并且活到成年的個(gè)體數(shù)量。個(gè)體之間開始進(jìn)行生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，那些擁有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的個(gè)體更容易存活，并且會(huì)將它們有利于生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的基因遺傳給下一代。大部分物種所具有的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)特質(zhì)之一就是好斗性。擁有侵略特質(zhì)的個(gè)體更容易存活和繁殖，因此，與侵略行為相關(guān)的各種基因遺傳給下一代的可能性更大。該理論在眾多方面遭到質(zhì)疑，其一，人類擁有其他物種不具備的能力，這種并非侵略性質(zhì)的能力才是人類生存下來(lái)的主要原因。其二，人類身上存在太多的變數(shù)，因此，我們無(wú)法相信人類會(huì)被侵略沖動(dòng)主導(dǎo)或者支配。

【答案】Numerousbiologicalstructuresandchemicalsappeartobeinvolvedinaggression.Oneisthehypothalamus,aregionofthebrain.Inresponsetocertainstimuli,manyanimalsshowinstinctiveaggressivereactions.Thehypothalamusappearstobeinvolvedinthisinbornreactionpattern:electricalstimulationofpartofthehypothalamustriggersstereotypicalaggressivebehaviorsinmanyanimals.Inpeople,however,whosebrainsaremorecomplex,otherbrainstructuresapparentlymoderatepossibleinstincts.Anoffshootofthebiologicalapproachcalledsociobiologysuggeststhataggressionisnaturalandevendesirableforpeople.Sociobiologyviewsmuchsocialbehavior,includingaggressivebehavior,asgeneticallydetermined.ConsiderDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Darwinheldthatmanymoreindividualsareproducedthanthosecanfindfoodandsurviveintoadulthood.Astruggleforsurvivalfollows.Thoseindividualswhopossesscharacteristicsthatprovidethemwithanadvantageinthestruggleforexistencearemorelikelytosurviveandcontributetheirgenestothenextgeneration.Inmanyspecies,suchcharacteristicsincludeaggressiveness.Becauseaggressiveindividualsaremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce,whatevergenesarelinkedtoaggressivebehavioraremorelikelytobetransmittedtosubsequentgenerations.：Thesociobiologyviewhasbeenattackedonnumerousgrounds.Oneisthatpeople'scapacitytooutwitotherspecies,nottheiraggressiveness,appearstobethedominantfactorinhumansurvival.Anotheristhatthereistoomuchvariationamongpeopletobelievethattheyaredominatedby,oratthemercyof,aggressiveimpulses.

2.翻譯題

中國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展依賴的有限自然資源正在銳減。一方面是生產(chǎn)規(guī)模在不斷擴(kuò)大，消耗更多的能源；另一方面是缺少能高效利用能源的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。這迫使我們思考如何為后人留下足夠的環(huán)境空間以使他們實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的愿望。

【答案】答：

ThelimitednaturalresourcesonwhichChina’ssustainabledevelopmentdependsaredecliningsharply.Ontheonehand,theexpandingscaleofproductionleadstoincreasedconsumptionofenergy.Ontheotherhand,theproductionfacilitieswhichusingenergyefficientlyarelacking.Thisforcesustothinkabouthowtoleaveenoughenvironmentalspaceforfuturegenerationstorealizetheiraspirations.

3.單選題

Inthemid-1990s,threeseniorfemaleprofessorsatM.I.T.cametosuspectthattheircareershadbeenhamperedbysimilarpatternsofmarginalization.（1）Afterperformingtheinvestigationandstudyingthedata,thecommitteeconcludedthatthemarginalizationexperiencedbyfemalescientistsatM.I.T.“wasoftenaccompaniedbydifferencesinsalary,space，awards,resourcesandresponsetooutsideoffersbetweenmenandwomenfaculty,withwomenreceivinglessdespiteprofessionalaccomplishmentsequaltothoseoftheircolleagues.”Thedeanconcurredwiththecommittee’sfindings.Andyet,aswasnotedinthecommittee’sreport,hisfellowadministrators“resistedthenotionthattherewasanyproblemthatarosefromgenderbiasinthetreatmentofthewomenfaculty.SomearguedthatitwasthemasculinecultureofM.I.T.thatwastoblame,andlittlecouldbedonetochangethat.”

（2）

Thecommittee’smostevocativefindingwasthatthediscriminationfacingfemalescientistsinthefinalquarterof20thcenturywasqualitativelydifferentfromthemoreobviousformsofsexismaddressedbycivilrightslawsandaffirmativeaction,butnolessreal.NoteveryoneagreesthatwhatwasuncoveredatM.I.T.actuallyqualifiesasdiscrimination.

（3）

Eveniffemaleprofessorshavebeenshortchangedorshuntedaside,theirmarginalizationmightbearesultofthesamesortsofdepartmentalinfighting,personalityconflictsand“mistakenimpressionsthatcausemalefacultymemberstofeelslightedaswell.‘‘Perceptionsofdiscriminationareevidenceofnothingbutsubjectivefeelings,”Kleinfeldscoffs.

（4）

InFebruary2012,theAmericanInstituteofPhysicspublishedasurveyof15,000maleandfemalephysicistsacross130countries.

（5）

“Infact,”theresearchersconcluded，“womenphysicistscouldbethemajorityinsomehypotheticalfutureyetstillfindtheircareersexperienceproblemsthatstemfromoftenunconsciousbias.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

【答案】第1題:F

第2題:E

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。第二段開頭提到committee時(shí)，使用了定冠詞the修飾committee，說(shuō)明前文該詞就已出現(xiàn)過(guò)，選項(xiàng)F中含有committee,也同樣提到了investigate,與下文的investigation呼應(yīng)。

2.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭袂耙痪涮峒皯?yīng)該指責(zé)的是麻省理工學(xué)院的男性文化(masculineculture)，而對(duì)此卻束手無(wú)策。選項(xiàng)E中提及女性沒(méi)有成為科學(xué)家是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)(或科學(xué)家)都是男性，與前文意思最為接近。

3.聯(lián)系上下文。空格的前一句中提到并不是每一個(gè)人都同意在麻省理工暴露的問(wèn)題就是歧視的這一說(shuō)法，接下來(lái)作者很有可能要舉例說(shuō)明該觀點(diǎn)。另外，第二段末提到了一個(gè)人名Kleinfeld,說(shuō)明上文中一定交代了Kleinfeld的相關(guān)信息，選項(xiàng)中符合語(yǔ)境的只有選項(xiàng)B，其中提及的“M.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasive”與上文信息呼應(yīng)。

4.聯(lián)系上下文。空格前的段中提及Kleinfeld教授認(rèn)為麻省理工的女性科學(xué)家被邊緣化不是因?yàn)樾詣e歧視，而空格句所在段落的尾句指出大多數(shù)女物理學(xué)家所經(jīng)歷的事業(yè)問(wèn)題通常來(lái)自于無(wú)意識(shí)的偏見(unconsciousbias),前后兩段內(nèi)容相反，由此可知，空格處句子表示轉(zhuǎn)折承接，C、D入選，而只有選項(xiàng)C中提及了discrimination,與下文遙相呼應(yīng)。

5.聯(lián)系上下文。選項(xiàng)A中的inalmostallcultures與上文中的across130countries互相呼應(yīng)。

4.單選題

Thevolcanogavewarningthatitwouldsoonpop:smallearthquakesshudderedbeneathitssurfaceonSeptember23.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sank

B.sent

C.erupted

D.shook

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sank“沉陷”；B選項(xiàng)sent“送，寄出”；C選項(xiàng)erupted“爆發(fā)；長(zhǎng)出”；D選項(xiàng)shook“搖動(dòng)”。句意：火山發(fā)出警告說(shuō)它很快就會(huì)爆發(fā)：9月23日，它的地表下發(fā)生了小地震。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞earthquakes（地震）可排除B、C選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)sank（沉陷）也與地震不匹配，因此得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

WhatweseewhenwephotographtheSunisahugeglowingballofgas.Underneaththishotandextremelybrightphotosphereliesothergaswhile,inthecentralpartsoftheSun,atomsarecontinuallybeingbrokendownandbuiltup.InthecenteroftheSunitisjustasifhundredsofthousandsofhydrogenbombswerecontinuallyexploding,andtheresultsofthisreachthephotosphere.Thisiswhythephotosphereshinessobrightlyandsendsoutx-raysandultra-violetlight.Yetsometimesdarkspotsappearonthephotosphereandthese“sunspots”areevidenceofgreatlyincreasedactivitybelow.Whensunspotsappear,greatburstsofthelongerradiowavesareoftenreceived.Theseareathousandtimesmoreintensethanthosewhichradio-astronomersnormallyreceiveandwhichcomesfromwhatiscalled“quiet”Sun,beingradiatedbythecoronaandthe“chromospheres”thatlayerofnotverybrightgaswhichliesjustabovethephotosphere.

Theseimmenseburstsofradiowavesareusuallyaccompaniedbyanintenselybrightareaof“flare”nearasunspot,anditisclearthattheyarecausedbyasuddenburstofthermalradiationfrombelowthephotosphere.ThevisibleflareandtheburstofradiowavesarealsoaccompaniedbyaburstofX-rays,ultra-violetrays,andatomicparticles.

Whentherearesunspotsbutnoflaresaccompanyingthem,theradiowavesemittedbythe“quiet”sundonotremainconstantbutbegantofluctuate,andtheradiosignalsgraduallybecomestronger.Thesechangesdonotcorrelatewithchangesinthenumberofsunspots,althoughithasbeenemittedbythe“quiet”Sundonotremainconstantbutbegantofluctuate,andtheradiosignalsgraduallybecomestronger.Thesechangesdonotcorrelatewithchangesinthenumberofsunspots,althoughithasbeenfoundthattheradiowavesseemtobegeneratedintheSun’satmosphereabovethesunspotsandnotinthesunspotsthemselves.Thechangesinradiosignalsdo,however,correlatewiththecalciumareasoftheSun’sspectrum.

Radioastronomyhashelpedconsiderablytoincreaseourknowledgeofthecorona.Beingvisuallyverydim,thecoronaishardtoobservebyopticalmeans,evenduringtotaleclipses.DuringsomeeclipsesithasbeentracedquitealongwayfromtheSunbutwasbelievedtoextendnomorethanabouttwomillionmilesatthemostabovethephotosphere.Directradiationofradiowavesfromthecoronahasbeenreceivedduringdaylightuptoabout1.5millionmiles.However,byexaminingadistantradiosourceastheSunpassesinfrontofit,itispossibletodiscoverhowfarthecoronaextendsbyobservinghowtheradiowavesfromthedistantsourceareaffected.ItwasinthiswaythatProfessorsM.RyleandA.HewishatCambridgeUniversity,England,foundthatthecoronacouldbetracedouttomorethan6millionmiles,andinthelineoftheSun’sequatorto12millionmilesormore.IthaseverbeensuggestedthatthecoronaextendsasfarastheEarthitself.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

2.Fromthecenterout,thecorrectorderofthesun’slayersis（）.

3.Thephotosphereisthe（）.

4.Thepassagedoesnotmentioninformationdealingwiththe（）.

5.ProfessorM.RyleandA.Hewishhavefoundthatthesun’scorona（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.WhatRadioAstronomyTellsUsAbouttheSunt

B.RadioAstronomyt

C.FactsAbouttheSun’sCoronat

D.TheNatureoftheSunt

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.photosphere,corona,chromospherest

B.spectrum,chromospheres,photosphere,coronat

C.corona,photosphere,chromospherest

D.photosphere,chromospheres,coronat

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.partofthesunweusuallyseet

B.layerofgaswhichformsthecoronat

C.areainthesunwhereatomsbreakdownandbuildupt

D.areaofthesunwhichsendsoutradiowavest

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.nuclearactivityinthecenterofthesunt

B.intensityofultra-violetraysintheearth’satmospheret

C.activityofthechromospherest

D.extentofthecoronat

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.extendsasfarastheearthitselft

B.canbemeasuredbynotingitseffectonradiowavespassingthroughitt

C.extendsnotmorethantwomillionmilesabovethephotospheret

D.givesoffx-rays

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？”。通讀文章，可知文章主要介紹太陽(yáng)結(jié)構(gòu)及其運(yùn)行狀況，以及太陽(yáng)對(duì)地球無(wú)線電的影響；第一段介紹了太陽(yáng)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，第二段和第三段介紹太陽(yáng)黑子對(duì)無(wú)線電波的影響，最后一段介紹射電天文學(xué)對(duì)太陽(yáng)日冕的研究；D項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)的本質(zhì)”最能概括本文的內(nèi)容；A項(xiàng)“射電天文學(xué)告訴我們關(guān)于太陽(yáng)的事”、B項(xiàng)“射電天文學(xué)”和C項(xiàng)“關(guān)于太陽(yáng)日冕的事實(shí)”都只是部分提及，不夠全面。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“從中心往外看，太陽(yáng)各層的正確順序是……”。文章第一段提到InthecenteroftheSunitisjustasifhundredsofthousandsofhydrogenbombswerecontinuallyexploding,andtheresultsofthisreachthephotosphere…beingradiatedbythecoronaandthe“chromospheres”thatlayerofnotverybrightgaswhichliesjustabovethephotosphere.（在太陽(yáng)的中心，就好像成千上萬(wàn)顆氫彈不斷地爆炸，最后到達(dá)光球?qū)印蝗彰釋雍臀挥诠馇驅(qū)由戏降囊粚硬惶恋纳驅(qū)虞椛涑鰜?lái)），由此可知，太陽(yáng)層從內(nèi)往外的順序是光球?qū)?、色球?qū)?、日冕層；所以D項(xiàng)“光球、色球、日冕”正確。A項(xiàng)“光球，日冕，色球”、B項(xiàng)“光譜，色球，光球，日冕”和C項(xiàng)“日冕，光球，色球”都是錯(cuò)誤的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“光球?qū)邮恰?。根?jù)文章第一段第二句Underneaththishotandextremelybrightphotosphereliesothergaswhile,inthecentralpartsoftheSun,atomsarecontinuallybeingbrokendownandbuiltup.（在這個(gè)炙熱而又極其明亮的光球?qū)酉旅?，還存在著其他氣體，而在太陽(yáng)的中心部分，原子正在不斷地被分解和形成）可知，太陽(yáng)的中心部分即光球?qū)邮怯脕?lái)分解和形成原子的，所以C項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)中原子分解和形成的區(qū)域”正確。A項(xiàng)“我們看到的部分太陽(yáng)”，我們看到的太陽(yáng)是光球?qū)臃纸夂铣稍雍笏纬傻奶?yáng)光，而非光球?qū)颖旧恚籅項(xiàng)“形成日冕的氣體層”表述錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)發(fā)出無(wú)線電波的區(qū)域”，這是太陽(yáng)黑子發(fā)射出來(lái)的。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“這篇文章沒(méi)有提到關(guān)于……的信息”。根據(jù)第一段第三句InthecenteroftheSunitisjustasifhundredsofthousandsofhydrogenbombswerecontinuallyexploding,andtheresultsofthisreachthephotosphere.（在太陽(yáng)的中心，就好像成千上萬(wàn)顆氫彈不斷地爆炸，結(jié)果到達(dá)光球?qū)樱?，可知A項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)中心的核活動(dòng)”有提及；根據(jù)第一段第四句Thisiswhythephotosphereshinessobrightlyandsendsoutx-raysandultra-violetlight.（這就是光球發(fā)出如此明亮的光并發(fā)出x射線和紫外線的原因）可知，文章只提到了紫外線產(chǎn)生的原因，并未提及B項(xiàng)“地球大氣層中紫外線的強(qiáng)度”；根據(jù)第一段最后一句Theseareathousandtimesmoreintensethanthosewhichradio-astronomersnormallyreceiveandwhichcomesfromwhatiscalled“quiet”Sun,beingradiatedbythecoronaandthe“chromospheres”thatlayerofnotverybrightgaswhichliesjustabovethephotosphere.（這些輻射比射電天文學(xué)家通常接收到的輻射強(qiáng)一千倍，它們來(lái)自于被稱為“安靜”的太陽(yáng)，由日冕和位于光球?qū)由戏降囊粚硬惶恋纳驅(qū)虞椛涠鴣?lái)）可知，C項(xiàng)“色球?qū)拥倪\(yùn)動(dòng)”在文中有提及；根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句ItwasinthiswaythatProfessorsM.RyleandA.HewishatCambridgeUniversity,England,foundthatthecoronacouldbetracedouttomorethan6millionmiles,andinthelineoftheSun’sequatorto12millionmilesormore.（正是通過(guò)這種方式，英國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)的M.Ryle和A.Hewish教授發(fā)現(xiàn)日冕可以追溯到600萬(wàn)英里以上，在太陽(yáng)赤道線上可以追溯到1200萬(wàn)英里以上）可知D項(xiàng)“日冕范圍”也有提及。因此，該題只有B項(xiàng)未提及，選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“M.Ryle和A.Hewish教授發(fā)現(xiàn)了太陽(yáng)的日冕……”。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句話However,byexaminingadistantradiosourceastheSunpassesinfrontofit,itispossibletodiscoverhowfarthecoronaextendsbyobservinghowtheradiowavesfromthedistantsourceareaffected.（然而，當(dāng)太陽(yáng)從一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的射電源前面經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)，通過(guò)觀察來(lái)自遙遠(yuǎn)的射電源的無(wú)線電波是如何受到影響的，就有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)日冕延伸了多遠(yuǎn)）可知B項(xiàng)“可以通過(guò)注意它對(duì)通過(guò)它的無(wú)線電波的影響來(lái)測(cè)量”正確。A項(xiàng)“延伸到地球本身”，文章最后一句提到IthaseverbeensuggestedthatthecoronaextendsasfarastheEarthitself.（曾經(jīng)有人認(rèn)為日冕一直延伸到地球本身），可知這不是M.Ryle和A.Hewish教授的發(fā)現(xiàn)；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句ItwasinthiswaythatProfessorsM.RyleandA.HewishatCambridgeUniversity,England,foundthatthecoronacouldbetracedouttomorethan6millionmiles,andinthelineoftheSun’sequatorto12millionmilesormore.（正是通過(guò)這種方式，英國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)的M.Ryle和A.Hewish教授發(fā)現(xiàn)日冕可以追溯到600萬(wàn)英里以上，在太陽(yáng)赤道線上可以追溯到1200萬(wàn)英里以上）可知，C項(xiàng)“在光球?qū)由戏窖由觳怀^(guò)200萬(wàn)英里”和D項(xiàng)“放射x射線”在這里都未提及。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Didyounoticethe（）onthedoctor'sfacewhenheardthatKinohadfoundthepearloftheworld?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appearance

B.expression

C.description

D.look

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：appearance“外貌，外觀”；選項(xiàng)B：expression意為“臉色，表現(xiàn)，表情，態(tài)度，腔調(diào)”；選項(xiàng)C：description“描述，描寫，類型，說(shuō)明書”；選項(xiàng)D：look意為“樣子，面容，看”。根據(jù)題意，本題選項(xiàng)B更符合題意，正確。句意：聽說(shuō)Kino找到了世界明珠之后，你注意到醫(yī)生臉上的表情了嗎?

7.單選題

Withallitsadvantages,thecomputerisbynomeanswithoutits（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boundaries

B.confinements

C.limitations

D.restraints

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。boundary意為“分界線”；confinement意為“禁閉，關(guān)押”；limitation意為“限制，局限”；restraint意為“抑制，克制”。

句意：雖然有這么多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，電腦也絕不是沒(méi)有任何限制的。

8.單選題

Inasudden______ofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attack

B.burst

C.split

D.blast

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)attack“攻擊；抨擊；動(dòng)手干”；B選項(xiàng)burst“爆炸；戳破；爆裂；（器官或血管）爆裂；裝滿；充滿感情；突然爆發(fā)（某種感情）”；C選項(xiàng)split“分離；使分離；劈開；離開；分解”；D選項(xiàng)blast“爆炸；損害；使枯萎”。根據(jù)固定搭配inasuddenburstofanger“突然爆發(fā)的憤怒”可知句意為：那人勃然大怒，把伸手可及的一切東西都撕碎了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Somescientistsaredubiousoftheclaimthatorganisms（

）withageasaninevitableoutcomeofliving.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.depress

B.default

C.degrade

D.deteriorate

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。degrade“降低，降級(jí)，退化”；deteriorate“惡化，變壞”；default“拖欠，不履行義務(wù)”；depress“壓抑，使沮喪”。根據(jù)句意“科學(xué)家對(duì)于生物體隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)會(huì)____是必然結(jié)果這種說(shuō)法表示懷疑”，可知空格處應(yīng)該填表示“退化”此類意思的詞，degrade強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的退化，deteriorate強(qiáng)調(diào)身體狀況的惡化，顯然選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fluctuation

B.crisis

C.diminution

D.partition

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.fluctuation起伏，波動(dòng)B.crisis危機(jī)，危險(xiǎn)期

C.diminution減少，降低，縮小D.partition劃分，分隔，分開

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】oscillation在句中的意思是“波動(dòng)，浮動(dòng)”，A選項(xiàng)與劃線單詞最為接近，故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】因此，如果這個(gè)過(guò)程發(fā)生了，大氣中二氧化碳的含量可能會(huì)長(zhǎng)期波動(dòng)。

11.問(wèn)答題

Nothinkerinthenineteenthcenturyhashadsodirect,deliberateandpowerfulaninfluenceuponmankindasKarlMarx.Bothduringhislifetimeandafterithehasexercisedanintellectualandmoralascendancyoverhisfollowers,thestrengthofwhichwasuniqueeveninthatgoldenageofdemocraticnationalism,anagewhichsawtheriseofgreatpopularheroesandmartyrs，romantic,almostlegendaryfigures,whoselivesandwordsdominatedtheimaginationofthemassesandcreatedanewrevolutionarytraditioninEurope.YetMarxcouldnot,atanytime,becalledapopularfigureintheordinarysense:certainlyhewasinnosenseapopularwriterororator.Hewroteextensively,buthisworkswerenot,duringhislifetime,readwidely;andwhen,inthelateeighteenseventies,theybegantoreachtheimmensepublicwhichseveralamongthemafterwardsobtained,thedesiretoreadthemwasduenotsomuchtoarecognitionoftheirintrinsicqualitiesastothegrowthofthefameandnotorietyofthemovementwithwhichhewasidentified.

Marxtotallylackedthequalitiesofagreatpopularleaderoragitator,wasnotapublicistofgeniusliketheRussiandemocratAlexanderHelen,nordidhepossessBakunin'smarvelouseloquence;thegreaterpartofhisworkinglifewasspentincomparativeobscurityinLondon,athiswriting-deskandinthereading-roomoftheBritishMuseum.Hewaslittleknowntothegeneralpublic,andwhiletowardstheendofhislifehebecametherecognizedandadmiredleaderofapowerfulinternationalmovement,nothinginhislifeorcharacterstirredtheimaginationorevokedtheboundlessdevotion,theintense,almostreligion,worship,withwhichsuchmenasKossuth,Mazzini,andevenLassalleinhislastyears,wereregardedbytheirfollowers.

Hispublicappearanceswereneitherfrequentnornotablysuccessful.Onthefewoccasionsonwhichheaddressedbanquetsorpublicmeetings,hisspeecheswereoverloadedwithmatter,anddeliveredwithacombinationofmonotonousnessandbrusqueness,whichcommandedtherespectbutnottheenthusiasmofhisaudience.Hewasbytemperamentatheoristandanintellectual,andinstinctivelyavoideddirectcontactwiththemasses,tothestudyofwhoseinterestshisentirelifewasdevoted.TomanyofhisfollowersheappearedintheroleofadogmaticandsententiousGermanschoolmaster,preparedtorepeathisthesesindefinitely,withrisingsharpness,untiltheiressencebecameirremovablylodgedinhisdisciples'minds.Thegreaterpartofhiseconomicteachingwasgivenitsfirstexpressioninlecturestoworkingmen:hisexpositionunderthesecircumstanceswasbyallaccountsamodeloflucidityandconciseness.Buthewroteslowlyandpainfully,assometimeshappenswithrapidandfertilethinkers,scarcelyabletocopewiththespeedoftheirownideas,impatientatoncetocommunicateanewdoctrine,andtoforestalleverypossibleobjection;thepublishedversionsweregenerallyturgid,clumsy,andobscureindetail,althoughthecentraldoctrineisneverinseriousdoubt.HewasacutelycopiousofthisandoncecomparedhimselfwiththeheroofBalzac'sUnknownMasterpiece,whotriestopaintthepicturewhichhasformeditselfinhismind,touchesandretouchesthecanvasendlessly,toproduceatlastashapelessmassofcolors,whichtohiseyeseemstoexpressthevisioninhisimagination.Hebelongedtoagenerationwhichcultivatedtheemotionsmoreintentlyanddeliberatelythanitspredecessors,andwasbroughtupamongmentowhomideaswereoftenmorerealthanfacts,andpersonalrelationsmeantfarmorethantheeventsoftheexternalworld;bywhomindeedpubliclifewascommonlyunderstoodandinterpretedintermsoftherichandelaborateworldoftheirownprivateexperience.

1.WhatkindofpersonwasKarlMarxaccordingtothepassage?

2.HowcouldyoudescribetheagewhenMarxlivedaccordingtothepassage?

3.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofMarx’spopularity?

4.WhywastheaudiencenotenthusiasticaboutMarx’sspeeches?

5.ForwhatpurposewasBalzac’sUnknownMasterpiecementioned?

【答案】1.KarlMarxwasagreatthinkerwhobroughtdirect,deliberateandpowerfulinfluenceuponmankind.Buthetotallylackedthequalitiesofagreatpopularleaderoragitator.Hispublicappearanceswereneitherfrequentnornotablysuccessful.

2.Itisagoldenageofdemocraticnationalism,anagewhichsawtheriseofgreatpopularheroesandmartyrs,romantic,almostlegendaryfigures,whoselivesandwordsdominatedtheimaginationofthemassesandcreatedanewrevolutionarytraditioninEurope.

3.ThereasonofMarx’popularitywasduenotsomuchtoarecognitionofintrinsicqualitiescontainedinhisworksastothegrowthofthefameandnotorietyofthemovementwithwhichhewasidentified.

4.Becausehisspeecheswereoverloadedwithmatter,anddeliveredwithacombinationofmonotonousnessandbrusqueness.

5.KarlM