考研考博-英語-臺州科技職業(yè)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臺州科技職業(yè)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinginairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheiranxietybytellingjokes.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes,sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhypeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingoffear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone'sfears?

問題1選項

A.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

B.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

C.tooffendsomeonebyjokes

D.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

問題2選項

A.Todisguisetheiranxiety

B.Toattackothers

C.Tocontrolone’sownfears

D.Toshowone’ssenseofhumor

問題3選項

A.toconquerthefeelingofnervousness

B.toholdbackthefeelingofuneasiness

C.tobefamiliarwithtension

D.tobegoodatthesubjectofanxiety

問題4選項

A.Earlychildhoodexperience.

B.Thegeneralsenseofsecurity.

C.Thefearofheights.

D.Afeelingofnocontrol.

問題5選項

A.Tobeconsciousofthewayofmasteringfears.

B.Toadmitthefeelingoffears.

C.Tocontrolone'sfeelings.

D.Torepresstherisingfeelingoffear.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)二三句“Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.”有些人試圖通過講笑話來掩飾他們的焦慮；另一些人則吵鬧和好斗，攻擊別人的方法是使人成為被取笑的對象。所以thebuttofjokes指：被人取笑的對象。選項D符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.有時讓別人成為笑話的對象是為了控制自己的恐懼——控制焦慮?！庇纱丝芍?，人們講笑話的積極目的是為了控制自己的恐懼和焦慮，所以選項C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”可知，控制焦慮意味著要克服緊張不安的感覺，選項A符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.但關鍵的因素似乎是一種失控的感覺?！边x項D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知：在問題得以解決之前，有必要認識它，承認我們害怕是控制恐懼過程中不可分割的一部分。所以選項B符合原文。

2.填空題

Tomatoes,whentheywerefirstintroduced,wereconsideredeithermagicalorharmful,dependingonwhichschoolofthoughtyoulistened.Evenwithinlivingmemory,therewasatimewhenvegetableswereconsideredharmfulunless

A

B

C

D

cookedforlong.

【答案】Blistened改為listenedto

【解析】【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】listenedto意思為“聽從”，為固定搭配，這里指的是認為西紅柿是怎樣的，就看聽從對西紅柿的哪一種描述。

【句意】西紅柿剛被引進時，人們認為它很神奇或者有害，這取決于你聽的是哪個學派的觀點。即使在現(xiàn)在，人們也有一段時間認為蔬菜沒有經(jīng)過長時間的烹飪就是有害的。

3.單選題

Whenbusinessis（

）thereisusuallyanobviousincreaseinunemployment.

問題1選項

A.degraded

B.depressed

C.reduced

D.lessened

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項degrade“貶低，降低”；B選項depress“壓抑，使沮喪，使蕭條”；C選項reduce“減少，降低”；D選項lessen“減少，減輕”。句意：當商業(yè)蕭條的時候，失業(yè)率通常會明顯上升。選項B更符合邏輯。

4.單選題

ThedifferencebetweenthepolarandequatorialdiametersofMarshasnotbeenunequivocallydetermined.

問題1選項

A.definitely

B.arithmetically

C.polemically

D.copiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。題干unequivocally“明確地，毫不含糊地”。A項“確切地，明確地”，B項“算術上”，C項“爭論地”，D項“豐富地；充裕地”。所以選A。句意：尚未明確確定火星的極地直徑與赤道直徑之間的差異。

5.單選題

Platohadanessentiallyantagonisticviewofartandtheartist,althoughheapprovedofcertainreligiousandmoralistickindsofart.

問題1選項

A.ethical

B.responsive

C.feasible

D.hostile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。antagonistic表示“敵對的，對抗性的”；A項ethical“倫理的，道德的”，B項responsive“響應的，應答的”，C項feasible“可行的，可能的，可實行的”，D項hostile“敵對的，敵方的，懷敵意的”。句意：盡管柏拉圖贊同某些宗教和道德的藝術類型，但他對藝術和藝術家的看法本質(zhì)上是對立的。因此，根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。

6.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Consumersvisualizetheiractivitiesindifferentweather.

B.Goodweathertriggersconsumers’desiretogoshopping.

C.Weatherconditionsinfluenceconsumers’buyingbehavior.

D.Consumers’mentalstateschangewiththepricesofgoods.

問題2選項

A.Directcorrelation.

B.Mentalvisualization.

C.Individualassociation.

D.Activeconsumption.

問題3選項

A.Helpingthemadvertiseagreatervarietyofproducts.

B.Enablingthemtoselltheirproductsatahigherprice.

C.Enablingthemtosimplifytheirmathematicalformulas.

D.Helpingthemdeterminewhattosellandatwhatprice.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】PassageOne

Weatherisaconstantforceinourlives,butthere’slittlemarketingresearchonhowitaffectsbusinesses.[9]Now,anewstudyrevealshowsunnyandsnowyconditionsinfluenceconsumerbehavior.[10]Thoseweatherconditionstriggerconsumerstomentallyvisualizeusingproductsassociatedwiththerespectiveweather.Thisleadstoconsumersplacingahighervalueonthoseproducts,thatis,they’rewillingtopaymoremoneyforthem.Butthecorrelationisonlyfoundwithproductsrelatedtobeingoutside.Howdoesthiswork?Researchersgivetheexampleofabeachtowel.Onasunnyday,consumerswhoseethatproductarenotjustlookingatthetowelitself.Theyarelikelyimaginingthemselveslyingonthetowelinthesun.[10]Thismentalpictureofusingthetowelincreasesthevalueoftheproductintheconsumers’mind.Researchersputforwardthefollowinghypothesistoexplaintheirfindings.Theythinkthementalpictureworksinsunshineandsnowbecausetheseweatherconditionshaveapositiveassociationwithoutsideactivities.Theeffectisnotseenwithrainyweather.Researchersassertthisisbecausetherearen’tmanyactivitiesthatareenabledbyrain.Mostproductsassociatedwithrainlikeumbrellasareonlyusedforprotectionfromtheweatherandnotforanyactivities.Researchersbelievethatcompaniesthatsellawidearrayofproductsonlinecanbenefitmostfromtheinsightsthisstudyprovides.[11]Onlinesellersoftenusecomplexmathematicalformulastodeterminewhatproductstofeatureandhowtopricetheseproducts.Incorporatingmoredataaboutweatherwouldallowthemtomakebetterdecisions.Thiscouldbolstersales.

9.Whatdowelearnaboutthefindingsofthenewstudy?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關于這項新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們可以知道什么？錄音開始不久便提到，一項新的研究揭示了晴雪天氣對消費者行為的影響，C選項“天氣條件影響消費者的購買行為”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項“消費者想象他們在不同天氣下的活動”和D選項“消費者的心理狀態(tài)隨著商品價格的變化而變化”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。B選項“好的天氣引發(fā)消費者購物的欲望”，錄音中只是表明晴雪天氣會觸發(fā)消費者將這些天氣與產(chǎn)品的使用聯(lián)想在一起，而這樣的聯(lián)想會增加產(chǎn)品在消費者心目中的價值，也就是說，他們愿意為這些產(chǎn)品支付更多的錢。這表明他們愿意花更高的價格來購買東西，并不是說好天氣引發(fā)購物欲，因此B選項不正確。

10.Whatdoesthepassagesaymayincreasethevalueofproductsforconsumers?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問對消費者來說，什么可以增加產(chǎn)品的價值。錄音中提及晴雪天氣會促使消費者想象與這些天氣相關的商品使用情景，從而增加商品在消費者心目中的價值，并以沙灘毛巾為例具體說明。因此，B選項“大腦想象”正確。A選項“直接關聯(lián)”利用correlation作干擾，消費者通過天氣聯(lián)想商品使用的場景，然后想象的畫面使得商品增值，這是間接的關聯(lián)，因此A選項不正確；C選項“個人關聯(lián)”，新研究揭示的是一般消費者的普遍行為，并沒有針對個人進行研究，因此不正確；D選項“主動消費”，錄音中并沒有表明消費是主動還是被動，因此D選項也不正確。

11.Howcanthefindingsofthenewstudybenefitonlinesellers,accordingtotheresearchers?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問研究人員認為這項新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以怎樣使網(wǎng)上賣家受益？錄音結(jié)尾處提及，研究人員認為網(wǎng)上賣家在決定賣什么和定什么價格時，如果能把更多的天氣信息納入考慮，會有助于做出更明智的決定，從而促進銷售。因此，D選項“幫助他們決定賣什么和定什么價格”正確。A選項“幫助他們宣傳更多種類的產(chǎn)品”，錄音中并沒有提及“advertise（宣傳）”這一信息，因此不正確；B選項“使他們能以更高的價格銷售產(chǎn)品”，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)跟某些天氣條件有正相關的產(chǎn)品可以在消費者心中增值，從而使他們愿意支付更多的錢，但并非所有商品都有這些效應，因此可排除B選項；C選項“使他們能夠簡化數(shù)學公式”利用mathematicalformulas設置干擾，錄音只提及網(wǎng)上賣家用復雜的數(shù)學公式去幫助做銷售決策，新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以幫助他們更好地做決策，但沒說簡化數(shù)學公式，因此C選項也不正確。

7.單選題

Shemakesno______ofthenaffairinpublicandheunderstandsthatheisnottorefertoitwiththesenewacquaintances.

問題1選項

A.acknowledgment

B.concealment

C.compliment

D.amendment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項acknowledgment“感謝，承認，承認書”，B項concealment“隱藏，隱蔽，隱匿處”，C項compliment“恭維，稱贊，問候”，D項amendment“修正案，改善，改正”。根據(jù)heunderstandsthatheisnottorefertoitwiththesenewacquaintances“他知道他不能和這些新認識的人談論這件事”可知，makesno______中的空格處應該表示“沒有承認”。句意：她沒有公開承認那件事，他知道他不能和這些新認識的人提起這件事。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

8.單選題

ByfarthemostimportantUnitedStatesexportproductinthe18and19centurieswascottonfavoredbytheEuropeantextileoverflaxorwoolbecauseitwaseasytoprocessandsofttotouch.Mechanizationofspinningandweavingallowedsignificantcentralizationandexpansioninthetextileindustryduringthisperiodandatthesametimethedemandforcottonincreaseddramatically.AmericanproducerswereabletomeetthisdemandlargelybecauseoftheinventionofthecottonginbyEliWhiteyin1793.CottoncouldbegrownthroughouttheSouth,butseparatingthefiber-orlint--fromtheseedwasalaboriousprocess.Seaislandcottonwasrelativelyeasytoprocessbyhand,becauseitsfiberswerelongandseedswereconcentratedatthebaseoftheflowerbutisdemandedlonggrowingseason,availableonlyalongthenationscasterseacoast.Short-staplecottonrequiredamuchshortergrowingseason,buttheshortnessofthefibersandtheirmixturewithseedsmeantthataworkercouldhand-processonlyaboutonepoundperday.Whitney'sginwasahand-poweredmachinewithrevolvingdrumsandmetalteethtopullcottonfibersawayfromseeds.Usingthegin,aworkercouldproduceupto50poundsoflintaday.Thelaterdevelopmentoflargerginspoweredbyhorses,water,orstream,multipliedproductivityfurther.

TheinteractionofimprovedprocessingandhighdemandledtoarapidspreadofthecultivationofcottonandtoasurgeinproductionItbecamethemainAmericanexportdwarfingallothers.In1802cottoncomposed14percentoftotalAmericanexportsbyvalue.Cottonhada36percentshareby1810andover50percentsharein1830.In1860,61percentofthevalueofAmericanexportswasrepresentedbycotton.

Incontrast,wheatandwheatflourcomposedonly6percentofthevalueofAmericanexportsinthatyear.Clearly,cottonwaskinginthetradeoftheyoungrepublic.ThegrowingmarketforcottonandotherAmericanagriculturalproductsledtoanunprecedentedexpansionofagriculturalsettlement,mostlyintheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates—westoftheAppalachianMountainsandeastoftheMississippiRiver.

1.Themainpointofthepassageisthatthe18and19centurieswereatimewhen

（）

2.AllofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageasreasonsfortheincreaseddemandforcottonEXCEPT（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,oneadvantageofSeaislandcottonwasits（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutcotton-productionintheUnitedStatesaftertheintroductionofWhitney'scottongin?

5.Accordingtothepassage,theMississippiRiverwas（）.

問題1選項

A.theEuropeantextileindustryincreaseditsdemandforAmericanexportproducts

B.CottonbecamethemostimportantAmericanexportproduct

C.Cottonbecameaprofitablecropbutwasstilltime-consumingtoprocess

D.Mechanizationforspinningandweavingdramaticallychangedthetextileindustry

問題2選項

A.cotton’ssoftness

B.cotton’scaseofprocessing

C.ashortageofflaxandwool

D.thegrowththatoccurredinthetextileindustry

問題3選項

A.abundanceofseeds

B.adaptabilitytodifferentclimates

C.longgrowingseason

D.longfibers

問題4選項

A.MorecottoncomefromSeaInlandcottonplantsthanbefore.

B.Morecottoncamefromshort-staplecottonplantsthanbefore.

C.Mostcottonproducedwassolddomestically.

D.MostcottonproducedwasexportedtoEngland.

問題5選項

A.oneoftheboundariesofaregionwherenewagriculturalsettlementlookplace

B.amajorsourceofwaterforagriculturalcrops

C.theprimaryroutebywhichagriculturalcropsweretransported

D.amainsourceofpowerformostagriculturalmachinery

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知歐洲紡織業(yè)更傾向于棉花，因為它易于加工，所以首先排除選項C。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Mechanizationofspinning...Americanproducerswereabletomeetthisdemandlargely...”可推斷選項B正確。選項A中exportproducts有歧義，因為當時美國出口的主要產(chǎn)品是毛皮，隨著歐洲紡織業(yè)對棉花的偏愛，所以現(xiàn)在棉花成了美國最主要的出口產(chǎn)品。

第2題:根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，文中沒有信息表明亞麻和羊毛的短缺才導致對棉花需求的增加。其他三項都正確。

第3題:根據(jù)關鍵詞“Seaislandcotton”定位到第一段“Seaislandcottonwasrelativelyeasytoprocessbyhand,becauseitsfiberswerelong...”選項D正確。

第4題:根據(jù)關鍵詞定位到第一段的后半部分“Whitney'sgin...aworkercouldproduceupto50percentsoflintaday.”引進了Whitney的軋棉機之后，使得短絨棉的生產(chǎn)大大提高，選項B正確。

第5題:根據(jù)關鍵詞“MississippiRiver”定位到最后一段的最后一句“Thegrowingmarket...westoftheAppalachianMountainsandeastoftheMississippiRiver.”棉花和其他美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場的不斷增長導致了農(nóng)業(yè)定居點的空前擴張，主要集中在美國東部的一半地區(qū)——阿巴拉契亞山脈以西和密西西比河以東。由此推斷，密西西比河是新農(nóng)業(yè)所在地區(qū)的邊界之一。選項A符合原文。

9.單選題

Inthespringof2010,fiscalausteritybecamefashionable.Iusethetermadvisedly:thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.Itwasmorelikeafad,somethingeveryoneprofessedtobelievebecausethatwaswhatthein-crowdwassaying.

Andit’safadthathasbeenfadinglately,asevidencehasaccumulatedthatthelessonsofthepastremainrelevant,thattryingtobalancebudgetsinthefaceofhighunemploymentandfallinginflationisstillareallybadidea.Mostnotably,theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemploymentbecauseitreassuresconsumersandbusinesses;butmultiplestudiesofhistoricalrecord,includingonebytheInternationalMonetaryFund,haveshownthatthisclaimhasnobasisinreality.

Nowidespreadfadeverpasses,however,withoutleavingsomefashionvictimsinitswake.Inthiscase,thevictimsarethepeopleofBritain,whohavethemisfortunetoberuledbyagovernmentthattookofficeattheheightoftheausterityfadandwon’tadmitthatitwaswrong.Britain,likeAmerica,issufferingfromtheaftermathofahousinganddebtbubble.ItsproblemsarecompoundedbyLondon’sroleasaninternationalfinancialcenter:Britaincametorelyontoomuchonprofitsfromwheelinganddealingtodriveitseconomy---andonfinancial-industrytaxpaymentstopayforgovernmentprograms.

Over-relianceonthefinancialindustrylargelyexplainswhyBritain,whichcameintothecrisiswithrelativelylowpublicdebt,hasseenitsbudgetdeficitsoarto11percentofGD.P.---slightlyworsethantheU.S.deficit.Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.Theoperativewordhereshould,however,be“eventually.”Fiscalausteritywilldepresstheeconomyfurtherunlessitcanbeoffsetbyafallininterestrates.Rightnow,interestratesinBritain,asinAmerica,arealreadyverylow,withlittleroomtofallfurther.Thesensiblething,then,istodeviseaplanforputtingthenation’sfiscalhouseinorder,whilewaitinguntilasolideconomicrecoveryisunderwaybeforewieldingtheax.

Buttrendyfashion,almostbydefinition,isn’tsensible---andtheBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.BoththenewBritishbudgetannouncedonWednesdayandtherhetoricthataccompaniedtheannouncementmighthavecomestraightfromthedeskofAndrewMellon,theTreasurysecretarywhotoldPresidentHerbertHoovertofighttheDepressionbyliquidatingthefarmers,liquidatingtheworkers,anddrivingdownwages.OrifyouprefermoreBritishprecedents,itechoestheSnowdenbudgetof1931,whichtriedtorestoreconfidencebutendedupdeepeningtheeconomiccrisis.

TheBritishgovernment’splanisbold,saythepundits---andsoitis.Butitboldlygoesinexactlythewrongdirection.Itwouldcutgovernmentemploymentby490,000workers---theequivalentofalmostthreemillionlayoffsintheUnitedStates---atatimewhentheprivatesectorisinnopositiontoprovidealternativeemployment.Itwouldslashspendingatatimewhenprivatedemandisn’tatallreadytotakeuptheslack.WhyistheBritishgovernmentdoingthis?Therealreasonhasalottodowithideology:theToriesareusingthedeficitasanexcusetodownsizethewelfarestate.Buttheofficialrationaleisthatthereisnoalternative.

Whathappensnow?MaybeBritainwillgetlucky,andsomethingwillcomealongtorescuetheeconomy.ButthebestguessisthatBritainin2011willlooklikeBritainin1931,ortheUnitedStatesin1937,orJapanin1997.Thatis,prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump.Asalways,thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.

1.The“fiscalausterity”refersto（）.

2.Bysaying“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth”，theauthormeans（）.

3.Whatiswrongwiththecurrentgovernment’sfinancialpolicy?

4.BymentioningAndrewMellon,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Totheauthor,thepracticeoffiscalausteritywillcertainlyleadto（）.

問題1選項

A.theconsensusamongfinancialadvisers

B.thereductioninexpenditure

C.thesevereeconomicrecession

D.thehighinflationrate

問題2選項

A.balancingbudgetsdoesnothelpwithemployment

B.businesseshavenotimprovedtheiroperation

C.reducingbudgetsisnolongerafadnow

D.fallinginflationhasgivenconsumersconfidence

問題3選項

A.Itcutsfinancial-industrytaxpayments.

B.ItignoresBritain’sfinancialsituation.

C.IthaslaunchedBritainintoanotherslump.

D.ItismadeasaresponsetocrisesinAmerica.

問題4選項

A.theAmericanleadershavemadethesamemistake

B.theTreasurysecretaryignoredtheinterestsofthefarmersandworkers

C.theBritishgovernment’sbudgetplanisseriouslywrong

D.theAmericanleadersgivesubstantialsupporttotheirBritishcounterparts

問題5選項

A.anunexpectedrecovery

B.improvedemployment

C.renewedconfidence

D.arepeatedrecession

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.”，可知第一句中的fiscalausterity等同于這里的balancebudgets。嚴肅人士之間突然達成的共識是，現(xiàn)在每個人都必須平衡預算，而這種共識并不是基于任何仔細的分析。所以平衡預算需要縮減開支，選項B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemployment”，可知自信的神話變成了一種虛構。用來暗示財政緊縮政策并沒有幫助經(jīng)濟恢復，而財政赤字實際上能降低失業(yè)率，并且在第二段中用大量的事實說明了財政緊縮政策并沒帶來實際作用?？赏茢喑鲐斦o縮政策對提高就業(yè)率并沒有產(chǎn)生幫助。選項A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.”，可知毫無疑問，英國最終將需要通過削減開支和增加稅收來平衡收支。可推斷出削減金融業(yè)的稅收的財政政策是錯誤的。選項A符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“theBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.”，可知英國政府似乎忽視了歷史的教訓。下文用AndrewMellon的荒謬政策加深經(jīng)濟危機的例子來進一步說明英國政府的平衡收支計劃是錯誤的，忽視了歷史教訓。選項C符合題意。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump…thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.”，可知過早的財政緊縮將導致新一輪的經(jīng)濟衰退，拒絕吸取歷史教訓的人注定要重蹈覆轍。可判斷出作者認為財政緊縮的做法肯定會導致經(jīng)濟衰退重蹈覆轍。選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

Theirdogwasasubstitute______thechildrentheyhadneverhad.

問題1選項

A.as

B.of

C.to

D.for

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他們的狗代替了他們從未有過的孩子。asubstitutefor是固定搭配，意為“某種東西的替代物”。其他三項不能和substitute搭配。因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

TheGermangeneralstaffmadeanotherdangerousconcessiontowhattheyconsideredamilitarynecessity.Theplanwouldbe（）notwhencountriesformallydeclaredwarbutsimplywhentheyorderedmobilization.

問題1選項

A.triggered

B.triggering

C.trifling

D.trifled

【答案】A

【解析】trigger引起，發(fā)動；trifle浪費，嘲弄。根據(jù)句意：德國總參謀部對他們認為是軍事需要的東西又作了危險的讓步。該計劃不會在國家正式宣戰(zhàn)時啟動，而只是在國家下令動員時啟動。首先排除選項C和D，計劃是被啟動，所以選項A正確。

12.單選題

Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodobecauseshewas______byallthenoiseandthetalkingintheclassroom.

問題1選項

A.exasperated

B.aggregated

C.perturbed

D.assailed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項exasperate“激怒，使惱怒”，B項aggregate“集合，聚集”，C項perturb“擾亂，使……混亂”，D項assail“攻擊，質(zhì)問”。由Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodo（這位年輕的數(shù)學老師給她的學生布置了額外的作業(yè)）和noiseandthetalkingintheclassroom（教室里的噪音和講話聲），結(jié)合常識，可知空格處填入A項符合。句意：這位年輕的數(shù)學老師給她的學生布置了額外的作業(yè)，因為她被教室里的噪音和講話聲激怒了。因此，該題選擇A項。

13.不定項選擇題

Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergysupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpowerandchatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.

Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuraniuminadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thus,ifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogramsareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.

1.Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis______.

2.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofnuclearenergy?

3.Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause______.

4.Whichofthefollowing