考研考博-英語-常德職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-常德職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.問答題

Thetextanddialoguebelow(A)focuson(B)culturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternsocietieswhich(C)cancreatemisunderstandingifignoring(D).

【答案】試題答案：D;ignored

【解析】考查分詞用法。ignore與其邏輯主語culturaldifference之間是被動關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞形成。

2.單選題

Foranyonewhohasexperiencedanearthquake,theexperiencecanbefrighteningandtraumatic.Inadditiontothemovementoftheground,peopleneedtobeconcernedwithcollapsingbuildingsandfallingdebris,suchasflyingglass.Themajorityoftheinjuriesanddeathsthatoccurfromtheearthquakesareduetofallingobjectsandstructures.Theeffectofanearthquakecanalsocausedangerouslandslides,fires,gaslineexplosionsandflood-watersfromcollapsingdam.ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.Thisinformation,whensharedwithpeopleinearthquake-proneareas,canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.

Oneofthemostdestructiveeffectsofearthquakeistsunami.Tsunami,giantoceanwaves,fromafteranearthquakehasoccurredontheoceanfloor.Ifthetsunamicrashesintoland,itmaycausedestruction.Thedifficultywithprotectingpeoplefromtsunamiisthattheymaycomewithoutwarningandatanextremelyhighspeed.Onceunderseaearthquakesoccur,theoceanfloorrisesandsinks.Thisiswhentsunamimaybegintoform.Alongwiththisshiftingoftheoceanfloor,thereisalsoalargemassofseawaterthatmaydroporrise.Toadjustthesuddenchangeinsealevel,themassofwatermovesupwardanddownward.Asitismoving,aseriesofreactionscomelong.Lowwavesbegintomovefromthepointoftheepicenteroutward.Thesewaveswillincreaseinheightastheycomeclosertotheshore.Underwaterlandslidescausedbyearthquakesmayalsoformtsunamis.

Onland,thefocusofanearthquake’sdestructionisusuallybuildingsandproperty.Mostofthebuildingstodayarebuiltusingstrictbuildingcodes.Thesecodesrequirethatthebuildingcanwithstandtheswayingmotionofthegroundduringanearthquake.However,therebuildings,likeskyscrapers,mayswaysoviolentlythattheymaytipoverandcausedamagetolowerstructuresnearby.Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.Thetypeoflandthatbeneaththebuildingscandeterminethewaythebuildingsrespondtoanearthquake.Buildingsareconstructedonloosesoilandrock.Likelysoilandrockvibrateasiftheywerejelly.Whenbuildingsareconstructedonthistypeofland,theytendtohaveanexaggeratedmotionandtoswayviolently.

1.Thisarticleisconcernedwith（）.

2.Theword“seismologists”(Line5,Paragraph1)refersto（）.

3.Theterm“earthquake-pronearea”(Line6,Paragraph1)probablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,tsunamisarecausedby（）.

5.Fromthelastparagraphofthearticle,wecaninferthattheintensityofanearthquakeiscloselyrelatedto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.earthquakesonly

B.tsunamisonly

C.bothearthquakesandtsunamis

D.variousnaturaldisasters

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.expertswhoareinterestedinbuildings

B.peoplewhoactasrescueswhenearthquakesoccur

C.peoplewhohaveabilitytopredicttsunamis

D.expertswhostudyearthquakesandrelatedphenomena

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aplacewhereearthquakesaremorelikelytohappen

B.aregionthattsunamisaremorelikelytooccur

C.anareathatismoresuitablefortheconstructionofskyscrapers

D.azoneinwhichearthquakesareverylikelytohappen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.extremeclimaticchangeduetoglobalwarming

B.destructionofthebalanceoftheecology

C.earthquakes

D.risingsealeveloftheoceanaswellascarbondioxideemission

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.structuresofthebuilding

B.solidityofthebuilding

C.theheightofthebuilding

D.thelocalgeology

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨思想題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是地震及其影響，并著重介紹了其最具破壞性的影響之一——海嘯。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.”可知，seismologists的目標(biāo)是了解地球上的地震及其引發(fā)的其他活動。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.信息推斷題。結(jié)合上下文“...canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.”分享這些信息能夠幫助減少可能發(fā)生的死亡和受傷人數(shù)。由此可以推斷，“earthquake-pronearea”指容易發(fā)生地震的地方，選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的一二句可知，地震最具破壞性的影響之一是海嘯。海嘯是巨大的海浪，發(fā)生在海底地震后。由此可知，海嘯是由地震導(dǎo)致的，選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段第五句“Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.”影響地震強(qiáng)度的一個因素是當(dāng)?shù)氐牡刭|(zhì)條件。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.問答題

Cancerdevelopswhencellsinapartofthebodybegintogrowoutcontrol.Althoughtherearemanykindsofcancer,theyallstartbecauseofout-of-controlgrowthofabnormalcells.

Normalbodycellsgrow,divide,anddieinanorderlyfashion.Duringtheearlyyearsofaperson’slife,normalcellsdividemorerapidlyuntilthepersonbecomesanadult.Afterthat,cellsinmostpartsofthebodydivideonlytoreplaceworn-outordyingcellsandtorepairinjuries.

Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.Cancercellsoftentraveltootherpartsofthebodywheretheybegintogrowandreplacenormaltissue.Thisprocess,calledmetastasis,occursasthecancercellsgetintothebloodstreamorlymphvesselsofourbody.Whencellsfromacancerlikebreastcancerspreadtoanotherorganliketheliver,thecancerisstillcalledbreastcancer,notlivercancer.

CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.Thissubstanceisineverycellanddirectsallitsactivities.MostofthetimewhenDNAbecomesdamagedthebodyisabletorepairit.Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.Manytimesthough,aperson’sDNAbecomesdamagedbyexposuretosomethingintheenvironment,likesmoking.

Cancerusuallyformsasatumor.Somecancers,likeleukemia,donotformtumors.Instead,thesecancercellsinvolvethebloodandblood-formingorgansandcirculatethroughothertissueswheretheygrow.Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.

Differenttypesofcancercanbehaveverydifferently.Forexample,lungcancerandbreastcancerareverydifferentdiseases.Theygrowatdifferentratesandrespondtodifferenttreatments.Thatiswhypeoplewithcancerneedtreatmentthatisaimedattheirparticularkindofcancer.

CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates.Halfofallmenandone-thirdofallwomenintheUSwilldevelopcancerduringtheirlifetimes.Today,millionsofpeoplearelivingwithcancerorhavehadcancer.Theriskofdevelopingmosttypesofcancercanbereducedbychangesinaperson’slifestyle,forexample,byquittingsmokingandeatingabetterdiet.Thesooneracancerisfoundandtreatmentbegins,thebetterarechancesforlivingformanyyears.

1.Howarecancercellsdifferentfromnormalones?

2.Whydoescancercelldevelop?

3.Iscancerhereditary?Why?

4.Areallthetumorscancerous?Whyorwhynot?Giveyourreasons.

【答案】答：

1.Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.

2.CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.

3.Yes,itisbecausepeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.

4.Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening.

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“癌細(xì)胞與正常細(xì)胞有何不同？”。第三段前兩句提到Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.（因?yàn)榘┘?xì)胞繼續(xù)生長和分裂，所以它們不同于正常細(xì)胞；它們不是死亡，而是比正常細(xì)胞活得更久，并繼續(xù)形成新的異常細(xì)胞），所以把這兩句整合到一起，答案為Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells（癌細(xì)胞不會死亡，而是比正常細(xì)胞活得更久，并繼續(xù)形成新的不正常細(xì)胞）。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“癌細(xì)胞為什么會產(chǎn)生？”。第四段第一句就提到了CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.（癌細(xì)胞的產(chǎn)生是由于對DNA的破壞），因此答案為這一句。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“癌癥遺傳嗎？為什么？”。文章第四段提到Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.（在癌細(xì)胞中，受損的DNA無法修復(fù)；人們可以遺傳受損的DNA，這就是遺傳性癌癥的原因）可知，癌癥會遺傳，原因是癌細(xì)胞破壞的DNA，而受損的DNA可以遺傳。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“所有的腫瘤都是惡性的嗎？為什么是或?yàn)槭裁床皇?？”。根?jù)第五段最后兩句Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.（記住，不是所有的腫瘤都是惡性的；良性腫瘤不會擴(kuò)散到身體的其他部位，不會危及生命，除了極少數(shù)例外）可知，不是所有的腫瘤是惡性的。故答案為Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening（不是所有的腫瘤都是惡性的，因?yàn)橛辛夹阅[瘤，它們不會擴(kuò)散到身體的其他部位，通常不會危及生命）。

4.單選題

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30millionparticipantsofallages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娛樂”；symposium“討論會；座談會”；penalty“懲罰，處罰”。句意：在過去的十五年來，跑步已經(jīng)成為了一種流行的消遣方式，不同年齡段共三千萬人的參與。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Salesofmushroomshavehitanall-timehighasBritonsincreasinglyturntothecheapand（

）foodstufffortheircooking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.versatile

B.multiple

C.manifold

D.diverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。versatile“多才多藝的，多用途的”；multiple“多重的，復(fù)合的”；manifold“多方面的，各式各樣的”；diverse“不同的，各種各樣的”。句意：蘑菇的銷量創(chuàng)下歷史新高，因?yàn)橛嗽絹碓蕉嘀铝τ趯ふ冶阋说?、多用途的食材做飯。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.AnecdotalreportssupportthisPabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach,”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.NonconforinityandstubbornnessarelikelytoleadtoConflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.AwritingprodigystudiedbyDavidFeldmanandLyunGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildren,inAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrossbadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat（

）.

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith’steachers

（

）.

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho

（

）.

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess

（

）.

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

B.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

C.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toprovidesupportforhisargument

B.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

C.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

D.toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschool

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

D.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

B.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparents’coaching

C.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

D.Lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theirnonconformitybroughtlliemalotoftrouble

B.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

C.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

D.teacherwereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段第一句提到“如果有天賦的學(xué)生與學(xué)?；ハ嗖贿m應(yīng)，也就不奇怪他們對讀書經(jīng)歷沒什么好感”（Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience），選項(xiàng)B“它們經(jīng)常滿足不了有天賦的學(xué)生的要求”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第一段提到如OliverGoldsmith這類有天賦的學(xué)生不喜歡學(xué)校，接下來列舉了他們的學(xué)校經(jīng)歷來作證，因此作者引用Oliver老師中的一位的話是為了給自己的論證提供事實(shí)支持，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第一句提到“這些具有天賦的學(xué)生中的一些人在學(xué)?？赡芤?yàn)樘熨x不在學(xué)業(yè)方面，因此表現(xiàn)很差，比如畢加索”（Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway），因此選項(xiàng)C“無法應(yīng)對學(xué)校里的學(xué)習(xí)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段第一句提到“當(dāng)談到能力培養(yǎng)的重要影響因素時，這些天賦極高的人談?wù)摰酶嗟氖撬麄兊募彝ザ皇菍W(xué)校或者老師”（Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers），選項(xiàng)A“主要是父母在家里的教育”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第三句提到“但是大多數(shù)人在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不好，并不是因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈δ芰Γ且驗(yàn)樗麄冇X得學(xué)校沒有挑戰(zhàn)性，因此失去了興趣”（Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest），選項(xiàng)C“學(xué)校課程不能鼓勵和激發(fā)他們的興趣”符合題意。

7.單選題

ResalepriceMaintenanceisthenameusedwhenaretaileriscompelledtosellatapricefixedbythemanufacturerinsteadofchoosingforhimselfhowmuchtoaddontothewholesalepricehepaysforhissupplies.Thispracticeisassociatedwiththesaleof“branded”goods,whichnowformaveryconsiderableproportionofconsumers’purchases,andithasledtoagreatdealofcontroversy.

Generallysucharticlesarepackedandadvertisedbythemanufacturers,whotrytocreateaspecial“image”inthemindsofpossiblepurchasers—animagemadeupofdielookofthearticle,itsuse,itspriceandeverythingelsewhichmightleadpurchaserstoaskforthatbrandratherthananyother.Ifaretailerisallowedtochoiceanypricehelikeshemayfinditworthwhiletosellonebrandat“cut”priceseventhoughthisinvolvesaloss,becausehehopestoattractcustomerstotheshopwheretheymaybepersuadedtobuymanyothertypesofgoodsathigherprices.Themanufacturerofthebrandthathasbeen“cut”fearsthattheretailermaybetemptedtoreducetheservicesonthisarticle;butevenifhedoesnotthereisadanger;thatthecustomerbecomesunsettled,andisunwillingtopaythe“standard”priceofthearticlebecausehefeelsthatheisbeing“done”.Thismay,andindeedoftendoes,affectthereputationofthemanufacturerandlosehimhismarketinthelongrun.

Itissometimessaidalsothatthehousewife—whoistheprincipalbuyerofmostofthesegoods—prefersafixedpricebecausesheknowswheresheisandissavedthebotherofgoingfromshoptoshopinsearchoflowerprices.Ifoneshopcutallthepricesofitsbandedgoodsshewouldundoubtedlyhaveanadvantageinshoppingthere.Butthisdoesnothappen.Astoreusuallythepriceofoneortwoofitsarticleswhichactasadecoyandmakesupitslossesonothers,andchangesthecut-pricearticlesfromweektoweeksoastoattractdifferentgroupsofcustomers.Andsothehousewifemayfeelratherguiltyifshedoesnotspendtimetrackingdownthecheapergoods.Howfarthisistrueisamatteroftemperamentanditisimpossibletoestimatewhatproportionifpurchaserspreferapricethattheycanrelyonwherevertheychoosetobuyandwhatproportionenjoythechallengeinvolvedinfindingthestorethatoffersthemabargain.

ThosewhoopposeResalePriceMaintenance,ontheotherhand,pointoutthattherearenowagreatmanydifferentchannelsofdistribution—chainstores,departmentstores,cooperativestores,independentorunitshops,supermarkets,mail-orderhouses,andsoon.Itwouldbeabsurdtoassumethatallofthemprice?Iftheywereallowedtochooseforthemselves,themoreefficientretailerswouldsellatlowerpricesandconsumerswouldbenefit.Asitis,theretailpricemustbesufficienttocoverthecostsoftheefficientavenuesofdistributionandthismeanstheothersmakeabiggerprofitthannecessaryattheexpenseofthepublic.Thesupportersofthefixespricearguethatthisisonlyhalfthestory.Theefficienttradercanstillcompetewithoutloweringhisprices.Hecanofferbetterservice—longcredit,orquickdeliveryorapleasantshopdecororhelpfulassistants—andcandothiswithoutimperilingthelong-terminterestsofthemanufacturer.

1.Manufacturersopposeretailerscuttingpricesontheirgoodsmainlybecausetheythink（）.

2.Supportersofthefixedpriceboldthatanefficienttradercanstillmakemoneywithoutloweringpricesby（）.

3.Bysaying“Hefeelsthatheisbeing‘done’,theauthormeansthatcustomerthinks（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Thesentence“Sheknowswheresheis"inthethirdparagraphcanbeparaphrasedas（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retailersmayeventuallystopsellingtheirproducts

B.itmayreducecustomersconfidenceintheirproducts

C.customersmayfeeluneasywhenpricesvary

D.itmaysometimesleadtopoorservice

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.allowingcustomerstimetopay

B.hiringassistantsforlonghoursandlowwages

C.advertisingformoreeffectively

D.establishinglong-termrelationswithmanufacturers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.someoneisdespisinghim

B.someoneismaltreatinghim

C.someoneisblackmailinghim

D.someoneischeatinghim

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Goodserviceotherthanpriceisimportantinattractingcustomers

B.AnarticlewithoutabrandnameisnotsubjecttoResalePriceMaintenance

C.Manufacturersattempttoinfluencepossiblepurchasersbymakingtheirproductseasytoidentity.

D.Housewivespreferfixedpricesbecausefixedpricesaremuchlesslikelytofluctuate.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Sheknowsherplace

B.Sheknowsherstuff

C.Shefeelssecure

D.Shefeelsintoxicated

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:文章第二段第三句話Themanufacturerofthebrandthathasbeen‘cut’fearsthattheretailermaybetemptedtoreducetheservicesonthisarticle,生產(chǎn)商擔(dān)心那個商品降價(jià)會導(dǎo)致零售商降低對該商品顧客的服務(wù)，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:文章最后一段最后一句話Hecanofferbetterservice—longcredit,orquickdeliveryorapleasantshopdecororhelpfulassistants，零售商為顧客提供更優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)，比如延長支付時間，快速送貨或者把店面裝飾得很漂亮，或者找一些有用的助手，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第3題:sb.isbeingdone“某人被欺騙”，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第4題:文章第一段提到thispracticeisassociatedwiththesaleof“branded”goods，這種做法是跟品牌貨物相連的，所以可以推論不是名牌的商品不受固定價(jià)格的約束，所以選項(xiàng)B排除；第二段generallysucharticlesarepackedandadvertisedbythemanufacturers,whotrytocreateaspecialimageinthemindsofpossiblepurchasers…，生廠商希望在潛在的顧客心中塑造一個特別的形象，所以選項(xiàng)C排除；第三段itissometimessaidalsothatthehousewifewhoistheprincipalbuyerofmostofthesegoodsprefers…，家庭主婦們會感到安全，避免為了尋找更低的價(jià)格從一家商店跑到另一家，所以選項(xiàng)D排除。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:根據(jù)上下文可知家庭主婦喜歡固定的價(jià)格是因?yàn)檫@樣可以不用在不同商店之間來回比價(jià)格，并且還說到如果沒有去價(jià)格更便宜的商店買東西，她們會感到懊惱，所以可以判斷sheknowswheresheis是感到安全的意思。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

TheMedalofNationalScienceis[A]thehighest[B]awardscientificthatcanbe[C]givento[D]anyindividualintheUnitedStates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thehighest

B.awardscientific

C.given

D.any

【答案】B

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞語序。

【解題思路】award是名詞，scientific是形容詞，形容詞應(yīng)該放在名詞前面，所以正確語序是scientificaward（科學(xué)獎項(xiàng)）。該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【句意】國家科學(xué)獎?wù)率敲绹谟枞魏蝹€人的最高科學(xué)獎。

9.翻譯題

Inthissection,thereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethepassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

Don’tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon’tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations--trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering--havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn’ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn’tgosowellforLuddites(反對技術(shù)進(jìn)步者）whosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigorsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

【答案】在中產(chǎn)階級面臨的諸多惱人挑戰(zhàn)中，有一個很可能在下屆總統(tǒng)競選中會被忽視：當(dāng)機(jī)器人來搶飯碗時會發(fā)生什么?

不要完全排除這種可能性。牛津大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，美國約有一半的工作面臨著被自動化取代的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，中產(chǎn)階級受到了不成比例的擠壓。像園藝或日托這樣的低收入工作對機(jī)器人沒有吸引力。但許多中產(chǎn)階級的職業(yè)卡車運(yùn)輸、金融咨詢、軟件工程已經(jīng)引起了他們的興趣，或者很快就會引起他們的興趣。富人擁有機(jī)器人，所以他們會沒事的。

這不是危言聳聽。樂觀主義者指出，技術(shù)變革在過去曾使工人受益。工業(yè)革命對反對技術(shù)進(jìn)步者來說并不那么順利，他們的工作被機(jī)械化的織布機(jī)取代了，但工業(yè)革命最終提高了生活水平，創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)崗位比被摧毀的要多。同樣，自動化最終應(yīng)該會提高生產(chǎn)率，通過壓低價(jià)格來刺激需求，讓工人從繁重、乏味的工作中解脫出來。但從中期來看，中產(chǎn)階級工人可能需要大量幫助來進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

未來幾年，技術(shù)將大大小小的改善社會，但對于那些發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的生活和事業(yè)被自動化顛覆的人來說，這并不是什么安慰。摧毀那些為我們工作而來的機(jī)器將是瘋狂的。但幫助工人適應(yīng)的政策將是不可或缺的。

10.單選題

Designatingthisbook(HandbookofPersonalityPsychology)a“handbook”isatonceaccurateandpossiblyunfortunate.Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.

Infact,thisbookishighlyinterestingandreadable,comprehensiveandauthoritative.Thedomainofpersonalityiscoveredalmostcompletely,andthematerialisquiteuptodate.Thisbookisnotacollectionofpreviouslypublishedoronlyslightlyreworkedpapers.Itgivesclearindicationofthecarefulthoughttheeditorsgavetoitsplanningandtheirfirmcontroloveritswriting.Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.TherearenochaptersinthisvolumetoreviewwhatFreudsaidorAdlerorRogersorBanduraoranyoneelse.TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.Instead,heeditorspresentacomprehensiveandcoherentviewofthefieldofpersonalitytoday.

Theworkispresentedineightsectionsthatdealinessencewithwhatpersonalityis,howitisstudied,howitdevelopsitsbiologicalandsocialdeterminants,howpersonalityworks,andwhatitisusefulfor.Thereare36chaptersextendingnearlyathousandpages.Theeditorschosespecificauthorsforeachofthechapters；theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingtheparticipationofauthoritativescientistswhogenerallywritequitewell.

Thehandbooklendsitselfwelltoitsfunctionasaresourcevolume.Itsonlyobviousdeficiencyisthelackofanameindex,which