考研考博-英語-廣東機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Parentshavealegal______toensurethattheirchildrenareprovidedwithefficienteducationsuitablefortheirage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impulse

B.influence

C.obligation

D.sympathy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impulse“沖動(dòng)；脈沖；刺激；神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)；推動(dòng)力”；B選項(xiàng)influence“影響；勢(shì)力；感化；有影響的人或事”；C選項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)；職責(zé)；債務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)sympathy“同情；慰問；贊同”。句意：父母有法律義務(wù)確保其子女獲得適合其年齡的有效教育。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy（）forherexamination.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toprepare

B.tobeprepared

C.preparing

D.beingprepared

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。bebusyindoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。句意：Jean昨晚沒有時(shí)間去聽音樂會(huì)是因?yàn)樗χ鴾?zhǔn)備她的考試。

3.單選題

Itisreportedthatthegovernmentisgoingtoimposeataxonfuelswhich______globalwarming.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributeto

B.tributeto

C.contributeto

D.relateto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。attributeto“把……歸因于”；tributeto“向……致敬”；contributeto“有助于”；relateto“涉及，有關(guān)”。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，由于全球變暖，政府將征收燃料稅。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement:thatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievements,suchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（

）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（

）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段第三句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人們可能沒辦法生存：既不知道何為歡喜和快樂，也不知道何為焦慮和恐懼，他們可能重復(fù)做出傷害性的行為，就像重復(fù)有益的行為一樣?！庇纱丝芍绻藗兩嬖谝粋€(gè)沒有情感的世界里，因?yàn)閷?duì)于自身行為的性質(zhì)沒辦法區(qū)別，所以會(huì)導(dǎo)致自己很難生存。故正確答案選B。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段第四句“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他們不會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)：他們不能從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中受益，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)無情感的世界缺乏獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰”，由此可知，沒有情感的世界，對(duì)于人們的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)不存在激勵(lì)，沒有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰的機(jī)制。反之，人們能夠進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)主要也是因?yàn)楠?jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰機(jī)制的存在。故正確答案選C。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段結(jié)尾“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork…Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀，既然掙100萬美元不會(huì)比掙10美元更讓人愉快，工作就會(huì)失去動(dòng)力……正如我們看到的，激勵(lì)意味著享受它們的能力。”根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞foundation可以對(duì)應(yīng)定位到上文“underpinnings基礎(chǔ)，支柱”，由此可知社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)是建立在人們享受激勵(lì)的能力上的。故正確答案選C。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第一句提到了“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.在這樣一個(gè)世界里，人類生存下來的可能性幾乎為零，因?yàn)榍楦惺俏覀兩婧瓦m應(yīng)的基本工具。情緒以重要的方式為我們構(gòu)建世界。”然后就舉例具體闡述了情緒是如何具體影響我們的生存和適應(yīng)身邊事物的。其中第六句“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement…從我們對(duì)事物和事件的情感體驗(yàn)中，產(chǎn)生一種社會(huì)共識(shí)”，這也就解釋了本段第一句中所強(qiáng)調(diào)的情感對(duì)于生存和發(fā)展的重要性，所以正確答案選B。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段“Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.誠然，我們會(huì)考慮物體的長度、形狀、大小或質(zhì)地，但是，比起它對(duì)我們所做的，能做的事情，給我們帶來的傷害，驚訝，憤怒或者歡樂，事物的物質(zhì)方面沒有那么重要?！北揪湓捥岬绞挛锏那楦蟹矫姹任镔|(zhì)方面重要的具體表現(xiàn)。結(jié)合上下文，我們使用情感來分類事物，也就是通過情感，我們適應(yīng)周圍的世界。由此推斷，選項(xiàng)D為符合題意的最佳答案。

5.單選題

Thefiremanhada____escapewhenastaircasecollapsedbeneathhisfeet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.close

B.narrow

C.hard

D.near

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.close即將發(fā)生的，幾近的B.narrow很險(xiǎn)的（逃脫）

C.hard艱難的D.near靠近的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】后文提到“消防隊(duì)員腳下的樓梯倒塌”，而空格處是修飾“逃生”的形容詞，由此可知，這個(gè)消防員是死里逃生，過程很險(xiǎn)，差點(diǎn)就沒有成功，B選項(xiàng)narrow“很險(xiǎn)的（逃脫）”最符合語義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)close“即將發(fā)生的，幾近的”，如果填入這個(gè)詞的話，需要做表語，并與介詞to連用，意思是消防員差一點(diǎn)就逃生了，即他沒有逃生成功；

C選項(xiàng)hard“艱難的”，沒有B選項(xiàng)符合語境；

D選項(xiàng)near“靠近的”，不符合語境。

【句意】當(dāng)消防隊(duì)員腳下的樓梯倒塌時(shí)，他死里逃生。

6.單選題

Factorsleadingtothecrisisincludedpoorregulation,mismanagemetanddeceptionintheindustry,andcompetitionfromothertypesoffinancialfirms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pollution

B.cheating

C.abuse

D.unemployment

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。deception“欺騙，欺詐”；A選項(xiàng)pollution“污染”；B選項(xiàng)cheating“行騙，欺詐”；C選項(xiàng)“abuse濫用；虐待；惡習(xí)”；D選項(xiàng)unemployment“失業(yè)；失業(yè)人數(shù)”。句意：導(dǎo)致危機(jī)的因素包括監(jiān)管不力、管理不善和行業(yè)欺詐，以及來自其他類型金融公司的競爭。deception有“欺詐的”意思，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

To___freedomagainsttyranny,ourfatherslaiddowntheserules.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.assure

D.fulfill

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“保證，確保（側(cè)重使人相信某個(gè)行為或力量產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果）；使安全”；B選項(xiàng)guarantee“保證；擔(dān)保（指對(duì)事物的品質(zhì)或人的行為及履行義務(wù)、義務(wù)等承擔(dān)責(zé)任的保證）”；C選項(xiàng)assure“保證；擔(dān)保（側(cè)重指消除某人思想上的懷疑或擔(dān)心，從而有達(dá)到目的的保證感）；使確信；弄清楚”；D選項(xiàng)fulfill“履行；實(shí)現(xiàn)；滿足；使結(jié)束”。句意：為了___反對(duì)暴政的自由，我們的先輩制定了這些規(guī)則。本句側(cè)重表達(dá)“確保達(dá)到反對(duì)暴政的自由這一目的”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

SectionA

Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.

SectionB

Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere“l(fā)imitstogrowth”.Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.

SectionC

However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.

SectionD

Althoughthelanguageof“rights”sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.Putanotherway,basichealth-careisnowrecognizedasa“publicgood”,ratherthana“privategood”thatoneisexpectedtobuyforoneself.Asthe1976declarationoftheWorldHealthOrganizationputit:“Theenjoymentofthehighestattainablestandardofhealthisoneofthefundamentalrightsofeveryhumanbeingwithoutdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.”Ashasjustbeenremarked,inaliberalsocietybasichealthisseenasoneoftheindispensableconditionsfortheexerciseofpersonalautonomy.

SectionE

Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.ThusinOECDcountriesasawhole,healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.(IntheUSthecurrentfigureisabout12%ofGDP,andinAustraliaabout7.8%ofGDP.)

Asaconsequence,duringthe1980sakindofdoomsdayscenario(analogoustosimilardoomsdayextrapolationsaboutenergyneedsandfossilfuelsoraboutpopulationincreases)wasprojectedbyhealthadministrator,economistsandpoliticians.Inthisscenario,ever-risinghealthcostswerematchedagainststaticordecliningresources.

1.therealizationthattheresourcesofthenationalhealthsystemswerelimited

2.asharpriseinthecostofhealth-care

3.abeliefthatallthehealth-careresourcesthecommunityneededwouldbeproducedbyeconomicgrowth

4.anacceptanceoftheroleofthestateinguaranteeingtheprovisionofhealth-care

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.between1945and1950

B.between1950and1980

C.after1980

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.between1945and1950

B.between1950and1980

C.after1980

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.between1945and1950

B.between1950and1980

C.after1980

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.between1945and1950

B.between1950and1980

C.after1980

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionB中第二句，“Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.”在20世紀(jì)50年代和20世紀(jì)60年代，西方社會(huì)逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到，提供礦物燃料能源的資源是有限的，也是可耗盡的，自然或環(huán)境維持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人口的能力也是有限的?？膳袛喑鰢乙庾R(shí)到醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的資源是有限的在20世紀(jì)50年代和20世紀(jì)60年代，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionE第三句，“…h(huán)ealthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.”，醫(yī)療費(fèi)用占GDP的比例從1960年的3.8%上升到1980年的7%，據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，醫(yī)療費(fèi)用占GDP的比例還將繼續(xù)上升?？膳袛喑鲠t(yī)療費(fèi)用的增長發(fā)生在1960-1980年，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionB最后一句，“…afterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the‘invisiblehand’ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.”，1939年至1945年世界大戰(zhàn)之后，人們深信從原則上來說，任何社區(qū)的所有基本醫(yī)療需求都能得到滿足，經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步將帶來影響。可判斷出人們相信社區(qū)所需的所有醫(yī)療保健資源將隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長帶來保障是在1945-1950年間，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.根據(jù)SectionD第一、二句，“bythelate1970s…Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.”，到20世紀(jì)70年代末，人們還認(rèn)為，這項(xiàng)權(quán)利使國家有義務(wù)確保從公共財(cái)政中劃分出充分的醫(yī)療保健資源。所以可判斷出人們接受國家在保證提供醫(yī)療保健方面的作用在20世紀(jì)70年代末，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Thenewcurriculumintendstostrengthenchildren’spracticeofbasicsocial___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manners

B.politeness

C.rules

D.regulations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)manners“方式；習(xí)慣；種類；規(guī)矩；風(fēng)俗”；B選項(xiàng)politeness“有禮貌；優(yōu)雅”；C選項(xiàng)rules“規(guī)則（在特定情況下或玩游戲時(shí)可以做什么、必須做什么或不能做什么的陳述）；建議；統(tǒng)治；習(xí)慣；定律；法治；尺子；破折號(hào)”；D選項(xiàng)regulations“管理；規(guī)則（政府或其它權(quán)威制定的官方規(guī)定）；校準(zhǔn)”。句意：新課程旨在加強(qiáng)兒童的基本社交___實(shí)踐。本句表達(dá)“基本社交禮儀”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Davidisthe____holderoftheworld5,000-meterworldrecord,butthereisnoguaranteethathewillwinintheOlympicGames.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.current

B.predominant

C.prevailing

D.decisive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)current“現(xiàn)在的，目前的”；B選項(xiàng)predominant“主要的”；C選項(xiàng)prevailing“流行的”；D選項(xiàng)decisive“果斷的”。句意：雖然大衛(wèi)（David）是____5000米世界紀(jì)錄的保持者，但不能保證他會(huì)在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上奪冠。后文說不一定在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上能奪冠，即說他以后不一定還是，據(jù)此推斷，前文表達(dá)的是大衛(wèi)現(xiàn)在是記錄保持者，A選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

11.單選題

I’msureheisuptothejob（

）hewouldgivehismindtoit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ifonly

B.until

C.incase

D.unless

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)ifonly“如果”；B選項(xiàng)until“直到……才”；C選項(xiàng)incase“萬一”；D選項(xiàng)unless“除非”。根據(jù)從句意思“只要他用心，他是能勝任這份工作的”，可知空格部分表示意思是“假如，如果”，句意為：我相信只要他用心，他是能勝任這份工作的。故正確答案選A。

12.單選題

Wagneronce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofmusicthatwaspopularwiththeyoungpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.merged

B.constituted

C.partitioned

D.collaborated

【答案】D

【解析】句意:瓦格納曾與另一位音樂家合作創(chuàng)作了一首深受年輕人歡迎的音樂。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去式。merge合并，吞沒;constitute組成，建立；partition分割，分隔，區(qū)分；collaborate合作，勾結(jié)，通敵。

13.單選題

Itishardtogetanyagreementontheprecisemeaningoftheterm‘socialclass’.Ineverydaylife,peopletendtohaveadifferentapproachtothosetheyconsidertheirequalsfromthatwhichtheyassumewithpeopletheyconsiderhigherorlowerthanthemselvesinthesocialscale.Thecriteriaweusetoplaceanewacquaintance,however,areacomplexmixtureoffactors.Dress,wayofspeaking,areaofresidenceinagivencityorprovince,educationandmannersallplayapart.

Intheeighteenth-centuryoneofthefirstmoderneconomists,AdamSmith,thoughtthatthe‘wholeannualproduceofthelandandlaborofeverycountry’providedrevenueto“threedifferentordersofpeople:Thosewholivebyrent,thosewholivebywages,thosewholivebyprofit’.Eachsuccessivestageoftheindustrialrevolution,however,madethesocialstructuremorecomplicated.

Manyintermediategroupsgrewupduringthenineteenth-centurybetweentheuppermiddleclassandtheworkingclass.Thereweresmall-scaleindustrialistsaswellaslargeones,smallshopkeepersandtradesmen,officialsandsalariedemployees,skilledandunskilledworkers,andprofessionalmensuchasdoctorsandteachers.Farmersandpeasantscontinuedinallcountriesasindependentgroups.

Duringthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesthepossessionofwealthinevitablyaffectedaperson'ssocialposition.Intelligentindustrialistswithinitiativemadefortunesbytheirwitswhichliftedthemintoaneconomicgroupfarhigherthantheirworking-classparents.Buttheylackedthesocialtrainingoftheupperclass,whodespisedthemasthe‘newrich’.

Theyoftensenttheirsonsanddaughterstospecialschoolstoacquiresocialtraining.Heretheirchildrenmixedwiththechildrenoftheupperclasseswereacceptedbythem,andveryoftenfoundmarriagepartnersfromamongthem.Inthesameway,athrifty,hard-workinglabourer,thoughnotcleverenoughhimself,mightsaveforhissonenoughtopayforanextendedsecondaryschooleducationinthehopethathewouldmoveintoa‘white-collar'occupation,carryingwithitahighersalaryandmoveupinthesocialscale.

Inthetwentiethcenturytheincreasedtaxationofhigherincomes,thegrowthofthesocialservices,andthewiderdevelopmentofeducationalopportunityhaveconsiderablyalteredthesocialoutlook.Theupperclassesnolongerarethesole,oreventhemainpossessorsofwealth,powerandeducation,thoughinheritedsocialpositionstillcarriesconsiderableprestige.

Manypeopletodayarehostiletowardsclassdistinctionsandprivilegesandhopetoachieveaclasslesssociety.Thetroubleisthatasoneinequalityisremoved,anothertendstotakeitsplace,andthebestthathasasfarbeenattemptedisasocietyinwhichdistinctionsareelasticandinwhicheverymemberhasfairopportunitiesformakingthebestofhisabilities.

1.Howdoweplacepeopleinsocietyinrelationtoourselves,accordingtothetext?

2.AdamSmith'ssocialmake-upwasinvalidatedby（）.

3.Whichclassdosmallshopkeepersandtradesmenbelongto?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNOTtrulydescribethenewrich?

5.Whathappenedtotheclassdifferencesinthetwentiethcentury?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mainlybytheirwayofspeaking.

B.Accordingtotheplacewheretheywereborn.

C.Accordingtoacomplexmixtureoffactors.

D.Byregardingtheminferiortoourselves.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegrowing-upofuppermiddleclass

B.thesuccessivestagesoftheindustrialrevolution

C.theinfluenceoftheworkingclass

D.theinheritanceofsocialpositions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.workingclass

B.middleclass

C.upperclass

D.uppermiddleclass

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theysenttheirchildrentospecialschoolstoreceiveeducation.

B.Theywerelackofsocialtrainingofthearistocracy.

C.Theywereoftenmenofinitiativeandintelligence.

D.Theydidnotallowtheirchildrentomarrytheupperclass.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavebeenpartlysmoothedout.

B.Theyincreasedtaxationofhigherincomes.

C.Theyhavemadethesocialservicesgrow.

D.Theywidelyenhancedtheeducationdevelopment.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Thecriteriaweusetoplaceanewacquaintance,however,areacomplexmixtureoffactors.然而，我們用來評(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)新認(rèn)識(shí)的人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的混合因素?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“AdamSmith”定位到原文第二段的內(nèi)容。本段最后一句指出“Eachsuccessivestageoftheindustrialrevolution,however,madethesocialstructuremorecomplicated.然而，工業(yè)革命的每一個(gè)連續(xù)階段都使社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜。”也就是說，會(huì)讓AdamSmith提出的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)失效，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“smallshopkeepersandtradesmen”定位到原文第三段的內(nèi)容“許多中間群體在19世紀(jì)成長起來，介于上層中產(chǎn)階級(jí)和工人階級(jí)之間。小型實(shí)業(yè)家，也有大型實(shí)業(yè)家，有小店主和商人……”由此可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“newrich”定位到原文第四段的內(nèi)容。第四段最后一句提及“Intelligentindustrialistswithinitiativemadefortunesbytheirwitswhichliftedthemintoaneconomicgroupfarhigherthantheirworking-classparents.Buttheylackedthesocialtrainingoftheupperclass,whodespisedthemasthe‘newrich’.聰明的工業(yè)家憑借自己的智慧發(fā)了財(cái)，這使他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于他們的工薪階層父母。但是他們?nèi)狈ι狭魃鐣?huì)的社會(huì)修養(yǎng)，而上流社會(huì)則視他們?yōu)椤沦F’”，由此可知，選項(xiàng)B和選項(xiàng)C均符合原文；第五段第一句提及“Theyoftensenttheirsonsanddaughterstospecialschoolstoacquiresocialtraining.他們經(jīng)常把兒女送到特殊學(xué)校接受社會(huì)培訓(xùn)?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)A也符合原文；只有選項(xiàng)D與原文恰好是相反的情況，所以本題選D。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“在20世紀(jì)，對(duì)高收入增加的稅收，社會(huì)服務(wù)的增長，以及教育機(jī)會(huì)的廣泛發(fā)展，極大地改變了社會(huì)的前景。上層階級(jí)不再是唯一的，甚至不再是財(cái)富、權(quán)力和教育的主要擁有者，盡管繼承下來的社會(huì)地位仍然具有相當(dāng)大的威望?！庇纱丝芍?0世紀(jì)等級(jí)差異已經(jīng)部分消除，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

14.翻譯題

Implicitintheabovequestionsisthedevelopmentofsourcingalternatives.Indesigningsystems,theprudentmanagerhasanalternativeinmind,albeitanalternativethatmaynotbeafirstchoice,butonethatwillfunctionallysubstituteshouldagivenprocedure,supplier,ornationbecometemporarilyunavailable.Specificationshouldthusincludethenatureofrelationshipsbetweenthecompanyanditssuppliers,appropriatecommunicationstylesandlinkages,andaclearstatementofcompanyphilosophyandexpectationsfordealingwithitsowncustomers.

【答案】

在上述問題中，尋找替代方案是不言而喻的。在設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)時(shí)，謹(jǐn)慎的管理者腦海中會(huì)有一個(gè)備選方案，盡管這個(gè)備選方案不是首選，但是，如果指定的程序、供應(yīng)商或供貨國家暫時(shí)無法使用，這個(gè)方案將能頂替并起作用。因此，細(xì)則中應(yīng)該說明公司與其供應(yīng)商之間關(guān)系的性質(zhì)，合適的溝通方式和聯(lián)系方式，以及明確說明公司的理念和與本公司打交道的要求。

15.單選題

Evenwhentextbooksare（

）throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】考察名詞、形容詞詞義辨析。standardize“使符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”；commonplace“普通的，平庸的”；competitive“競爭的，競爭性的”；generalize“概括，歸納，推斷”。句意：即使當(dāng)教科書通過教育系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了，教學(xué)方式也會(huì)有很大變化。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

MostAmericansthinkofvegetariansasaminority,asfoodfaddists.Infact,inthiscountrypeoplewhoincludemeatintheirdietsarethemajority;butthroughouttheworld,meateatersare,andhavebeen,theminoritythemselves.Thougharchaeologistscandemonstratethathumanshavekeptanimalsforfoodforthousandsofyears,meatwasgenerallyfortherich:thepoorinmostcountriesarevegetarians.Andthefollowersofmanyreligionsarealsovegetarians.TheHindus,theBuddhists,theSufis,andothergroupsdonoteatmeat.

Infact,religionisamajorreasonstillforchoosingavegetariandiet;manyreligionsteachthateatingmeatweakensone’sspirit.AdamandEveweretoldtoeatfruitsandvegetables,accordingtoGenesis.WhenDanielwasfacingthelions,hefollowedavegetariandiet,sohecouldremainpure.

Othervegetariansbelievetheyarehealthierthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Thoughthishasneverbeenscientificallyproved,popularworksonvegetariandietsoftenpromisebetterhealth.Thereisevidencetoshowthatvegetarianshavegreaterstamina,andmanypeopleon