考研考博-英語-云南師范大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南師范大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries（thefemalereproductiveorgans）removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

1.Paragraph2statesthat（）.

2.Dr.Yehuda’sstudyfoundthatwomen（）.

3.Onedifferencebetweenthesexesisthatthestresswomenconfronttendstobe（）.

4.Whatisthemeaningof“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”（Line6,Para.5）?

5.Thebesttitleforthistextwouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress

B.womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen

C.womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress

D.menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress

問題2選項

A.needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress

B.havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress

C.aremorecapableofavoidingstress

D.areexposedtomorestress

問題3選項

A.domesticandtemporary

B.irregularandviolent

C.durableandfrequent

D.trivialandrandom

問題4選項

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

C.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

問題5選項

A.StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B.ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C.StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由原文第二段第一句“Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.”可知，對動物和人類的研究表明，性激素會以某種方式影響應(yīng)激反應(yīng)，使處于壓力下的女性比處于相同條件下的男性產(chǎn)生更多的觸發(fā)化學物質(zhì)。由此可知，A選項“從生理上來看，女性更容易受到壓力的影響”表述正確。B選項表示“女性仍然承受著很多由男性引起的壓力”，在原文內(nèi)容中并未提及，故錯誤；C選項表示“在應(yīng)對壓力方面，女性比男性更有經(jīng)驗”，屬于斷章取義，并不能根據(jù)第二段得出相關(guān)信息；D選項表示“男人和女人在面對壓力時表現(xiàn)出不同的傾向”，與原文段落中心思想偏離，故D項也錯誤。因此，本題正確答案為A選項。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問：Dr.Yehuda研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女性……。由原文第三段第一句“Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased‘opportunities’forstress.”可知，女性壓力大的原因除了是因為激素增加導致壓力大外，還因為增加了造成壓力的“機會”。因此，D選項正確，A選項錯誤，并不是需要額外劑量的化學藥品來應(yīng)對壓力。根據(jù)原文第三段第三句“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s”可知，女性的抗壓能力要比男性強，故B選項表述正確。C選項在原文中并未提及，因此本題正確答案為D選項。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由原文第四段“womenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.”可知，女性面臨的壓力多來自家庭內(nèi)部，更為瑣碎重復；男性的壓力多是戰(zhàn)爭或者具有偶然性的動態(tài)情況。因此C選項的內(nèi)容更符合原文表述。故本題正確答案為C選項。A選項表示“家庭內(nèi)部的”和“暫時性的”，B選項表示“不規(guī)律的”和“暴力的”，D選項表示“瑣碎的和偶然的”。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問：“我生活在不停的支票支付中”是什么意思？根據(jù)原文第五段“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.”可知，Alvarez作為單身母親，有很大的生活壓力，她要照顧十幾歲的孩子，還要工作，付房租，付汽車費用，還要還債務(wù)。由此可見，她的工資早已捉襟見肘，難以覆蓋家庭開支。因此本題正確答案為B選項。A選項表示“Alvarez只關(guān)心賺錢”，C選項表示“Alvarez做多份工作獲得薪水”，D選項表示“Alvarez幾乎用支票支付所有的東西”。

5.主旨大意題。題干詢問：“這篇文章最適合的題目是……”。本文通過講述兩性在生理以及實際生活中的差異，描述了女性在壓力面前的表現(xiàn)，側(cè)重分析了女性壓力大的主要原因。A選項沒有集中于體現(xiàn)男女之前的差異，因此A選項錯誤；B選項只是表明男女之間在壓力方面存在差異，并未側(cè)重表現(xiàn)女性要面對更多壓力；C選項表示只是屬于造成壓力的其中一個因素，不能概括文章全部內(nèi)容。因此本題正確答案為D選項。

2.單選題

Thejunglefrightenedthetravelersbecauseitseemed（）.

問題1選項

A.abismal

B.abbysmal

C.abyzmal

D.abysmal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A，B以及C選項不是正確的英文單詞；D選項abysmal“深不可測的”。句意：這個叢林使旅行者驚恐萬分，因為它似乎是深不可測的。根據(jù)句意，D選項正確。

3.單選題

Anothertrendofthe1990sinthecomputerindustryistowardmultimediaformats,asthemarketforconventionaltypesofcomputer-thosethathavecomputationanddataprocessingastheirmajorfunctions-hasbeguntobecomesaturated.Multimediacomputersaresystemsthatcanprocessgraphics,sound,video,andanimationinadditiontotraditionaldataprocessing.Videocassetterecorders,televisions,telephones,andaudiocassetteplayershaverecentlyundergoneachangeintechnologyfromanalogtodigitalformats.Televisionimages,forexample,canbeprocessedbycomputerprogramsoncetheyhavebeenconvertedtodigitalsignalswhilethoseinconventionalanalogsignalscannot.Inotherwords,digitalvideoimagescanbezoomedupordown,reshaped,orrearrangedbytheappropriatesoftware.Also,duetoadvancesinvideo-signalcompressiontechnology,thememoryspacerequiredforstoringavideoprogramhasbeengreatlyreduced.

Multimediahasimportantapplicationsforconsumerproductsandforbusinessneeds.Videoscenesthatarecapturedbycamcorderscanbecombinedwithtext,sound,anddataandcanbeontelevisionsetsinhomes,schools,oroffices.Thesemultimediapresentationsarebecomingusefuleducationalandcommunicationtools.Forexample,thereareavailable

Encyclopediasthatcontainvideoprogramsdepictinganimalbehaviors,geomorphicprocesses,andothernaturalphenomena.Automobilemechanicscanwatchvideosthatdemonstratehowtorepairnewmodels.Inbusinessapplications,documentscanbeannotatedwithvoiceorvideo.Newconsumerproductscanbemoreeffectivelymarketedbydemonstratinghowtheycanbeused,CD-ROMSofnumerousothersubjectshavebeenrecentlypublished;allofthemcanbeviewedonTVmonitorsusingmultimediacomputers.Thesemultimediacomputersystemscan,inturn,beincorporatedintocomputernetworksenhancingtheeffectivenessofcommunication.

Thismultitudeofnewproductsandcapabilitieshasbeenmadepossiblebythetremendousprogressofmicroprocessortechnology.Becauseoftheadvancesinthisarea,personalcomputershavebecomemorepowerful,smaller,andlessexpensive,whichhasenabledcomputernetworkstoproliferate.Manyofthetasksthatweretraditionallyperformedbymainframeshavebeentransferredtopersonalcomputersconnectedtocommunicationsnetworks.Althoughthemainframecontinuestobeproducedandservesausefulpurpose,ithasbeenusedmoreoftenasoneofmanydifferentcomputersandperipheraldevicesconnectedtocomputernetworks.Inthisnewrole,thefunctionofmainframesaspowerfulprocessorsofdatabasesystemsinbecomingimportant,and,asaresult,massivelyparallelcomputerswithhundredsorthousandsofmicroprocessorsarebeingproduced.Inadditiontobeingpowerful,themicroprocessorsusedforthispurposemustbeinexpensive,butlowcostscanbeachievedonlyiftheyaremass-produced.Throughouttheworld,morethan100,000,000personalcomputersand500,000workstationsareinusewhereasonlyseveralhundredsupercomputersareinoperation;thenumbersofmainframesandminicomputersfallsomewherebetweenthoseofsupercomputersandworkstations.Becauseofsuchhigh-volumeproduction,microprocessorsforpersonalcomputersorworkstationstendtobeinexpensiveandareavailableforuseinmassivelyparallelcomputersaswell.

1.Multimediacomputers（

）.

2.Theunderlinedword“annotated”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）

3.Accordingtothispassage

4.Whichofthefollowingisapropertitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.canprocessanythingbutdigitaldata

B.canevenprocesstelevisionimages

C.arerarelyusedineducation

D.hasfewbusinessapplications

問題2選項

A.explain

B.forwarded

C.prepared

D.presented

問題3選項

A.themarketformultimediacomputershasbecomesaturated

B.mostmainframeshavebeentransformedintopersonalcomputers

C.mostpersonalcomputershavebecomemuchmorepowerfulthanmainframes

D.thenowcostsofmicroprocessorshavebeenachievedthankstothehigh-volumeproduction

問題4選項

A.MultimediaComputers

B.MicroprocessorTechnology

C.ComputerNetworks

D.ChangingRoleofComputers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段televisionimages,forexample,canbeprocessedbycomputerprogramsoncetheyhavebeenconvertedtodigitalsignalswhilethoseinconventionalanalogsignalscannot提到電視畫面能夠通過計算機程序處理，所以選項B符合題意。

2.題干中的單詞出現(xiàn)在句子Inbusinessapplications,documentscanbeannotatedwithvoiceorvideo中，意思是“在商務(wù)英語中，文件通常能用視頻或者音頻作為注釋”。選項A“解釋”符合題意。

3.文章最后一段Inadditiontobeingpowerful,themicroprocessorsusedforthispurposemustbeinexpensive,butlowcostscanbeachievedonlyiftheyaremass-produced提到大量生產(chǎn)降低了微處理器的成本，選項D與之相符，符合題意。

4.文章講述的是多媒體電腦給計算機市場帶來了各種各樣的變化，以及這類電腦在消費類產(chǎn)品和商業(yè)需求中的應(yīng)用，選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Landbelongstothecity;thereis（）thingasprivateownershipofland.

問題1選項

A.nosucha

B.notsuch

C.notasuch

D.nosuch

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnosuchthingas…是習慣用法，意思為“沒有…這樣的事”。句意：土地歸城市所有，沒有土地私有這回事。因此，本題的正確選項是D選項。

5.單選題

Crimeaisacenterofpro-Russiansentiment,whichcan（）separatism.Theregion---apeninsulaonUkraine’sBlackSeacoast---has2.3millioninhabitants,mostofwhomidentifythemselvesasethnicRussiansandspeakRussian.

問題1選項

A.spillover

B.spilloutof

C.spilldowntowards

D.spillinto

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。spillover“外溢”；spilloutof“濺出”；spilldowntowards“溢出”；spillinto“涌進”。句意：克里米亞是親俄情緒的中心，這種情緒能夠涌進各種分裂主義。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent（）oftheworld.

問題1選項

A.impressions

B.foundations

C.complications

D.conceptions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項impressions“印象，效果”；B選項foundations“基礎(chǔ)，地基”；C選項complications“并發(fā)癥，復雜”；D選項conceptions“概念，設(shè)想”。句意：來自不同文化的人對世界有不同的（）。本句表示“不同的人對世界有不同的印象”。因此A選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Informationistheprimarycommodityinmoreandmoreindustriestoday.

By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworkers.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.

By2005,halfofallknowledgeworkers(22%ofthelaborforce)willchoose“flextime,flexplace”arrangements,whichallowthemtoworkhome,communicatingwiththeofficeviacomputernetworks.

IntheUnitedStates,theso-called“digitaldivide''seemstobedisappearing.Inearly2000,apollfound,that,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumbersweregrowingrapidly.Hispanichouseholdscontinuedtodagbehind,buttheirrateofcomputerownershipwasexpandingaswell.

Company-ownedandindustry-widetelevisionnetworksarebringingprogrammingtothousandsoflocations.BusinessTVisbecomingbigbusiness.

Computercompetencewillapproach100%inUSurbanareasbytheyear2005,withEuropeandJapannotfarbehind.

80%ofUShomeswillhavecomputersin2005,comparedwithroughly50%now.IntheUnitedStates,5ofthe10fastest-growingcareersbetweennowand2005willbecomputerrelated.Demandforprogrammersandsystemsanalystswillgrowby70%.ThesametrendisacceleratinginEurope,Japan,andIndia.

By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcematerial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.

Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005.ItwillbepossibletocalluponaPCscreenmillionsofvolumesfromdistantlibraries.Websitesenhancebooksbyprovidingpictures,sound,filmclips,andflexibleindexingandsearchutilities.

Implications:AnyonewithaccesstotheInternetwillbeabletoachievetheeducationneededtobuildaproductivelifeinanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.ComputerlearningmayevenreducethegrowingAmericanprisonpopulation.

Knowledgeworkersaregenerallybetterpaidthanless-skilledworkers.Theirwealthisraisingoverallprosperity.

Evenentry-levelworkersandthoseinformerlyunskilledpositionsrequireagrowinglevelofeducation.Foragoodcareerinalmostanyfield,computercompetenceisamust.Thisisonemajortrendraisingthelevelofeducationrequiredforaproductiveroleintoday’sworkforce.Formanyworkers,theopportunityfortrainingisbecomingoneofthemostdesirablebenefitsanyjobcanoffer.

1.InformationtechnologyisexpectedtohaveimpactonallthefollowingEXCEPT_____.

2.“digitaldivide”inthe4thparagraphrefersto______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingareasisNOTdiscussedinthepassage?

5.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorseemstoemphasize_______inanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.

問題1選項

A.Americanmanagementpersonnel

B.Europeanmanagementpersonnel

C.Americanpeople’schoiceofcareer

D.traditionalpracticeatwork

問題2選項

A.thegapintermsofcomputerownership

B.thetendencyofcomputerownership

C.thedividinglinebasedondigits

D.theethnicdistinctionamongAmericanhouseholds

問題3選項

A.By2005allcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillturnelectronic.

B.By2005printedcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbesupplementedwithelectronicmaterial.

C.By2005somecollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbeaccompaniedbyCD-ROMs.

D.By2005Internetlinksmakeworldwidelibrarysearchapossibility.

問題4選項

A.Futurecareers.

B.Natureoffuturework.

C.Ethnicdifferences.

D.Schoolsandlibraries.

問題5選項

A.thevarietyofeducation

B.thecontentofeducation

C.theneedforeducation

D.thefunctionofeducation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段中的By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworkers.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.（到2005年，美國83%的管理人員將成為知識型員工。歐洲和日本緊跟其后）與A、B選項對應(yīng)；第七段中的IntheUnitedStates,5ofthe10fastest-growingcareersbetweennowand2005willbecomputerrelated.（在美國，從現(xiàn)在到2005年10個發(fā)展最快的職業(yè)中，有5個是與計算機相關(guān)的）與C選項對應(yīng)。通過排除法排除A、B、C選項，因此選D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumbersweregrowingrapidly（一半的白人家庭擁有電腦，43%的非裔美國家庭擁有電腦，而且他們的數(shù)量正在迅速增長）可知“digitaldivide”指的是擁有電腦方面的差距，因此選A。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第八段中的By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcematerial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.（到2005年，幾乎所有的大學課本和許多高中和初中書籍都將與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)站聯(lián)系在一起，這些網(wǎng)站提供資源、練習和相關(guān)的新聞文章，以幫助學習）可知互聯(lián)網(wǎng)知識作為輔助一種輔助工具，因此A選項表述不正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第七段中的IntheUnitedStates,5ofthe10fastest-growingcareersbetweennowand2005willbecomputerrelated.（在美國，從現(xiàn)在到2005年10個發(fā)展最快的職業(yè)中，有5個是與計算機相關(guān)的）與A選項對應(yīng)。第四段中的wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumbersweregrowingrapidly（一半的白人家庭擁有電腦，43%的非裔美國家庭擁有電腦，而且他們的數(shù)量正在迅速增長）與C選項對應(yīng)；倒數(shù)第四段中的Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005.（到2005年，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)鏈接將提供世界上所有主要圖書館的卡片目錄）與D選項對應(yīng)。通過排除法排除A、C、D選項，因此選B。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Evenentry-levelworkersandthoseinformerlyunskilledpositionsrequireagrowinglevelofeducation.（即使是初級工人和以前非技術(shù)性職位的工人也需要越來越高的教育水平）可知選C。

8.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonPrivateSchoolsinChina.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Theiradvantages;

2.Theirdisadvantages;

3.Yourcomments.

【答案】PrivateSchoolsinChina

Itisknowntoallthatmoreandmoreprivateschoolshavebeensetupinourcountrysince1990s.Toacertaindegree,thoseschoolsareabletomakeupfortheshortageofschoolsinChina.Withtheadventofmoreandmoreprivateschools,alotofpeopleshowtheirinterestinthem.Asaresult,manystudentshavebeenenrolledintheseschools.

Privateschoolshavemanyadvantages.Firstofall,theyrelievethefinancialburdenofthegovernment.Althoughthegovernmenthaskeptprovidingmoneyforestablishingpubicschools,itcannotsatisfytheincreasingdemandofpubliceducation.Besides,theseschoolsusuallyprovideabetterlearningenvironmentforstudentsconsistingofbetterfacilitiesandbetterteachingequipment.Furthermore,thesalaryofteachersinprivateschoolsisnormallyhigherthanthatinpublicschools.Therefore,theycanattractqualifiedteachers.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Iwon’tsendmychildtoaprivateschool.Foronething,theteachingqualityinprivateschoolsinChinaisgenerallynotasgoodasthatinpublicschools.Foranother,thetuitionfeeinaprivateschoolisnormallyhigherthanthatinapublicschool.Lastbutnotleast,studentswhograduatefromprivateschoolsareusuallydiscriminatedagainstwhileseekingtheirjobs.

9.單選題

Imagineadiseasespreadingacrosstheglobe,killingmostlymiddle-agedpeopleorleavingthemchronicallydisabled.Thenonedayresearcherscomeupwithadrugthatcanpreventsomeofthedisease’snastiereffects.Youwouldthinktheworld’sageingpublicwouldbeeternallygrateful.

Thediseasedoesexist.Itiscalledtobaccoaddiction.Thedrugtooisrealandinanimaltestshaspreventedlungdamagethatleadstoemphysema.Buttheinventorshavereceivednobouquets.Prevailingmedicalopinionseemstobethatthedrugisameresideshow,distractingsmokersfromthetaskofquitting.Anotherexperimentaldrug,whichcouldprotectsmokersagainstcancer,isalsoviewedwithsuspicionbecauseitcouldgivesmokersanexcusenottoquit.

Onthefaceofittheseresponsesmakesense.Itisingrainedinsocietythatsmokershaveonlythemselvestoblameandtheirsalvationliesinasimpleactofwill.Iftheywillnotquitsmoking,theycannotexpecthelpfromanyoneelse.

Butthislogicisflawed.Checkasurveyofsmokersandyoufindtwo-thirdswanttogiveupandone-thirdwillhavetriedinthepreviousyear.Yet,evenwithnicotinegum,patchesanddrugstoeasetheordeal,thequitrateisstillunder10percent.IntheUK,theproportionofpeoplewhosmokehasnotfalleninadecade.Tobaccohasapowerfulgrip,andmanysmokerarecaughtinatraptheycannotescape:theyhaveadiseaselikeanyotheranddeservethechancetoreducetheharmitdoestothem.

Thisreasoningishardformanytoswallow.Itcertainlyleavesgovernmentsandanti-smokinggroupsinabind.Theyarehappytopaylipservicetomethodsforreducingharm—ofwhichthreeareagrowingnumber—buttheyareslowtocreatepoliciesbaseduponthem.EuropeanUnioncountries,forexample,tookyearstoevenconsiderregulatingthedangerousadditivesincigarettes.

Onefearisthatmethodsforreducingharmwilldilutethemessagethattobaccokills—especiallywhengiventoyoungsters.Butthatmessagewon’tchange,inthepresentcase,evenifbothdrugsturnouttoworkinhumantrials,theywouldnotprotectagainstallthedeadlysideeffectsofsmoking.Andthedrugsdonothavetobefreetoall.Theycouldbeavailableonlyonprescriptionforpeoplewhodoctorsbelievegenuinelycannotgiveup.

Therearethingsthatnodrugaimedatharmreductionwilleverbeabletodo.Itwillnotcutpassivesmokingorstoptobaccocompaniespersuadingmillionsofteenagerstolightup.Forthesereasonsallotherwaystocountersmokingmustcontinue,frombanningtobaccoadvertisingtoraisingtobaccotaxes.Butitwouldbeamistaketoignoretheharmreductionmeasures.Forthosewhoarenotconvinced,forgetsmokersforamoment.Preventivedrugscouldalsohelpnon-smokers,especiallythoseworkinglonghoursas,say,musiciansandbarstaffinsmokyrooms.Shouldwedenythemtoo?

1.Thestatement“Buttheinventorshavereceivednobouquets”impliesthat______.

2.Theauthorarguesthat______.

3.Theauthoristryingtoemphasizethatthedrugs______.

4.Thedrugs,accordingtotheauthor,areexpected______.

5.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthepassagethat______.

問題1選項

A.thedrugshavereceivedsuspicion

B.theinventorsjustpresentedasideshow

C.itwilltaketimeforthepublictoacceptthenewdrug

D.theeffectsofthedrugneedfurthertestonhumantrials

問題2選項

A.nosmokerisexpectedtosucceedinquitting

B.smokersdeservetheharmsmokingdoestothem

C.smokerswithresolutiontostopsmokingneedhelp

D.smokerscouldsucceedwithstrongresolutiontogiveup

問題3選項

A.aremainlyaimedatyoungsters

B.shouldbeavailabletosmokersfreeofcharge

C.willnotchangethemessagethattobaccokills

D.helpregulatethedangerousadditivesincigarettes

問題4選項

A.toperformpreventivefunctionsinnon-smokers

B.toreducethenumberofpassivesmokers

C.toenforcethecombatagainstsmoking

D.alloftheabove

問題5選項

A.withinnovativedrugssmokerscanstillenjoypersonalgratificationsandstayhealthy

B.ifadrugcansavelives,weshouldn’twithholditwithoutgoodreason

C.thebattleagainstsmokingisfarfromwon

D.therewillbeasafewaytosmoke

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Buttheinventorshavereceivednobouquets.Prevailingmedicalopinionseemstobethatthedrugisameresideshow,distractingsmokersfromthetaskofquitting.Anotherexperimentaldrug,whichcouldprotectsmokersagainstcancer,isalsoviewedwithsuspicionbecauseitcouldgivesmokersanexcusenottoquit.（但是這些發(fā)明家沒有收到任何花束。流行的醫(yī)學觀點似乎是，藥物只是次要的，它分散了吸煙者的任務(wù)，戒煙。另一種可以保護吸煙者不患癌癥的實驗性藥物也受到懷疑，因為它可以給吸煙者一個不戒煙的借口。）”，由此可知這些發(fā)明家發(fā)明的藥物受到人們的懷疑，所以A選項“這些藥物已經(jīng)受到懷疑”符合題意。B選項“發(fā)明家只是表演了一個小插曲”；C選項“公眾接受這種新藥需要一段時間”；D選項“藥物的效果需要進一步的人體試驗”都與題干無關(guān)。因此A選項正確。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段“Yet,evenwithnicotinegum,patchesanddrugstoeasetheordeal,thequitrateisstillunder10percent.（然而，即使使用尼古丁口香糖、貼片和藥物來緩解這種折磨，戒煙率仍然低于10%。）”可知A選項“預計沒有煙民會成功戒煙”錯誤；根據(jù)第四段最后一句“theyhaveadiseaselikeanyotheranddeservethechancetoreducetheharmitdoestothem.（他們和其他任何疾病一樣，有機會減少煙草對他們的危害。）”可知B選項“吸煙者應(yīng)該受到吸煙所造成的傷害”說法錯誤；根據(jù)第四段“Checkasurveyofsmokersandyoufindtwo-thirdswanttogiveupandone-thirdwillhavetriedinthepreviousyear.（對吸煙者進行調(diào)查，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)三分之二的人想要戒煙，三分之一的人在前一年已經(jīng)嘗試過了）”以及“theyhaveadiseaselikeanyotheranddeservethechancetoreducetheharmitdoestothem.（他們和其他任何疾病一樣，有機會減少煙草對他們的危害。）”可知C選項“決心戒煙的人需要幫助”正確；D選項“吸煙者可以通過堅定的決心戒煙成功”文章沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

3.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“Onefearisthatmethodsforreducingharmwilldilutethemessagethattobaccokills—especiallywhengiventoyoungsters.B