考研考博-英語(yǔ)-合肥通用職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-合肥通用職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thatbecamesomewhatmoregentleascarebecamemoresophisticated.Weenteredwhatmightbecalledthe（

）Period,wherethephysicianwaslikeafatherwhoknewwhatwasbestforhispatient.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Parental

B.Maternal

C.Fraternal

D.Paternal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Parental“父母的”；B選項(xiàng)Maternal“母親的”；C選項(xiàng)Fraternal“兄弟的”；D選項(xiàng)Paternal“父親的”句意：隨著護(hù)理工作變得越來(lái)越復(fù)雜，這種感覺(jué)也變得溫和了一些。我們進(jìn)入了所謂的“……期”，醫(yī)生就像一位父親，知道什么對(duì)他的病人是最好的。根據(jù)后面句意可知D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

IfyouhappenedtobewatchingNBConthefirstSundaymorninginAugustlastsummer,youwouldhaveseensomethingcurious.There,onthesetofMeetthePress,thehost,DavidGregory,wasinterviewingaguestwhomadeaforcefulcasethattheU.S.economyhadbecome“verydistorted”.Inthewakeoftherecession,thisguestexplained,high-incomeindividuals,largebanks,andmajorcorporationshadexperienceda“significantrecovery”；therestoftheeconomy,bycontrast—includingsmallbusinessesand“averysignificantamountofthelaborforce”一wasstuckandstillstruggling.Whatwewereseeing,heargued,wasnotasingleeconomyatall,butrather“fundamentallytwoseparatetypesofeconomy，”increasinglydistinctanddivergent.

Thisdiagnosis,thoughalarming,washardlyunique:drawingattentiontothedividebetweenthewealthyandeveryoneelsehaslongbeenstandardfareontheleft.(Theideaof“twoAmericas”wasacentralthemeofJohnEdwards’s2004and2008presidentialruns.)Whatmadetheargumentstrikinginthisinstancewasthatitwasbeingofferedbynoneotherthantheformerfive-termFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspan:iconiclibertarian,preeminentdefenderofthefreemarket,and(atleastuntilrecently)thenation’sforemostdevoteeofAynRand.Whenthehighpriestofcapitalismhimselfisdeclaringthegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.

Thiswideninggapbetweentherichandnon-richhasbeenevidentforyears.Ina2005reporttoinvestors,forinstance,threeanalystsatCitigroupadvisedthat“theWorldisdividingintotwoblocs—thePlutonomyandtherest”.

Inaplutonomythereisnosuchanimalas“theU.S.consumer”or“theUKconsumer”，orindeed“theRussianconsumer”.Therearerichconsumers,fewinnumber,butdisproportionateinthegiganticsliceofincomeandconsumptiontheytake.Therearetherest,the“non-rich”，themultitudinousmany,butonlyaccountingforsurprisinglysmallbitesofthenationalpie.

Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy—Google,Amazon,theiPhonebroadlyimprovedthelivesofmiddle-classconsumers,evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy.Andtheless-wondrousinventions—particularlytheexplosionofsubprimecredit—helpedmasktheriseofincomeinequalityformanyofthosewhoseearningswerestagnant.

Butthefinancialcrisisanditslong,dismalaftermathhavechangedallthat.Amulti-billion-dollarbailoutandWallStreet’sswift,subsequentreinstatementofgargantuanbonuseshaveinspiredanarrativeofparasiticbankersandotherelitesriggingthegamefortheirownbenefit.Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.economy（）

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoday’ssuper-elitewouldthepassagesupport?

3.Whatcanbesaidofmoderntechnologicalinnovations?

4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatthefinancialcrisisanditsaftermath（）

5.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.faresquitewell

B.hascompletelyrecoveredfromtheeconomicrecession

C.hasitsownproblems

D.islaggingbehindotherindustrialeconomies

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Today’splutocratsarethehereditaryelite.

B.Today’ssuper-richareincreasinglyanationuntothemselves.

C.Theyarethedeservingwinnersofatougheconomiccompetition.

D.Theyareworriedaboutthesocialandpoliticalconsequencesofrisingincomeinequality.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveliftedmanypeopleintothemiddleclass.

B.Theyhavenarrowedthegapbetweentherichandthenon-rich.

C.Theyhaveledtoariseofincomeinequality.

D.Theyhavebenefitedthegeneralpublic.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.havecompromisedtherichwiththenon-rich

B.haveenrichedtheplutocraticelite

C.haveputAmericansonthealertfortoomuchpowertherichpossess

D.haveenlargedthegapbetweentherichandnon-rich

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.presentthefinancialimbalanceintheU.S.

B.displaysympathyfortheworkingclass

C.criticizethesuper-eliteoftheUnitedStates

D.appreciatethemeritsofthesuperrichintheU.S.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：根據(jù)本文，美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)_____。第一段第二句提到了美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)“verydistorted非常扭曲”，排除A選項(xiàng)；第三句中的“Inthewakeoftherecession”說(shuō)明美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)仍受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退影響，排除B選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)說(shuō)到美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)落后于其他經(jīng)濟(jì)體，常識(shí)可判斷錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于當(dāng)今的超級(jí)精英，文章支持以下哪一種說(shuō)法？“elite”出現(xiàn)在文章第五段第一句和第六段第二句。由第五段中“Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy…evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy”說(shuō)明是現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)明使小部分企業(yè)家變得很富有，而非世襲，排除A選項(xiàng)；第六段中“hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy”表明擔(dān)心日益擴(kuò)大的收入差距會(huì)給社會(huì)和政治帶來(lái)影響。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：現(xiàn)代技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能說(shuō)些什么呢?第五段第二句中提到“Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy…evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy”,說(shuō)明現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的神奇發(fā)明能使一小部分企業(yè)家致富，使公眾受益。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：作者似乎在暗示金融危機(jī)及其后果______。最后一段提到在金融危機(jī)之后，許多人不僅生活在富人經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中，還生活在富人政治中，因此讓美國(guó)民眾開(kāi)始警惕起來(lái)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.主旨題。題干：這篇文章的主要目的是_____。本文講述的是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的貧富差距問(wèn)題，也就是financialimbalance“金融失衡”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Peoplearelivinglongerthanever,butforsomereason,womenarelivinglongerthanmen.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73,ababygirl,about79.Thisisindeedawidegap,andnoonereallyknowswhyitexists.Thegreaterlongevity（長(zhǎng)壽）ofwomen,however,hasbeenknownforcenturies.Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthan—thegapisgrowing.

Anumberofreasonshavebeenproposedtoaccountsforthedifferences.Thegapisgreatestinindustrializedsocieties,soithasbeensuggestedthatwomenarelesssusceptibletoworkstrainsthatmayraisetheriskofheartdiseaseandalcoholism.Sociologistsalsotellusthatwomenareencouragedtobelessadventurousthanmen（andthismaybewhytheyaremorecarefuldrivers,involvedinfeweraccidents）.

Evensmokinghasbeenimplicatedintheagediscrepancy.Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.

Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.

Someresearchershavesuggestedthatmenmaydieearlybecausetheirhealthismorestronglyrelatedtotheiremotions.Forexample,mentendtodiesoonerafterlosingaspousethanwomendo.Menevenseemtobemoreweakenedbylossofajob.（Bothofthesearelinkedwithamarkeddecreaseintheeffectivenessoftheimmunesystem.）Amongmen,deathfollowsretirementwithanalarmingpromptness.

Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.Afterall,thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳動(dòng)物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.Furthermore,inmanyofthesespeciesthedifferencesbeginatthemomentofconception;therearemoremalemiscarriages（流產(chǎn)）.Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

3.AsissuggestedinParagraph2,thetwofactorsrelevanttowomen’slongerlifespanare（）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingphenomenamakesresearcherspuzzled?

6.Theword“edge”inParagraph6means“（）”.

7.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womendidnotlivelongerthanmenuntil17thcentury.

B.Thelongevitygapbetweenwomenandmenhasbeengrowingsince17thcentury.

C.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canlivetobeabout73.

D.Allwomenlivelongerthanmen.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Men’slifespanremainsalmostunchanged.

B.Researchershavefoundthecauseoftheagegap.

C.Themoreadvancedasociety,thegreatertheagegap.

D.Theagegapwasnoticedonlyrecently.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.diseasesandroadaccidents

B.industrializationandworkstrains

C.theirimmunitytoheartdiseaseandrefusalofalcohol

D.theirenduranceofworkstrainsandreluctanceforadventure

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegreatnumberofmalesmokerscontributestotheagegap.

B.Thegrowingnumberofsmokingwomenwillnarrowtheagegap.

C.Femaleworkersaremorelikelytosmokethanmaleworkers.

D.Smokingdoesnotseemtoaffectwomen’slongevity.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Men’shealthismorecloselyrelatedtotheiremotions.

B.Thoughmoreliabletoillnesses,womenstilllivelonger.

C.Menshowworsesymptomsthanwomenwhentheyfallill.

D.Quiteanumberofmendiesoonaftertheirretirement.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.margin

B.side

C.advantage

D.quality

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Onlyforhumanbeings,femaleslivelongerthanmales.

B.Womenlivelongerthanmenbecauseofgenes.

C.Femalesaredifferentfrommalessincethebeginningoflife.

D.BothBandC

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.Thegreaterlongevityofwomenremainsamystery.

B.Thatwomenarehealthierthanmenwellexplainstheirlongevity.

C.Peoplearelivinglongerasaresultofindustrialization.

D.Womenarelessemotionallyaffectedbydifficultiesinlife.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:C

第8題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】判斷推理題。A：直到17世紀(jì)，女性才比男性長(zhǎng)壽。B：女性和男性的壽命差距自17世紀(jì)以來(lái)一直在擴(kuò)大。由“Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthen—thegapisgrowing.（例如，這在17世紀(jì)就有描述。然而，當(dāng)時(shí)的差異比現(xiàn)在小，現(xiàn)在的差距在增長(zhǎng)）”可知A項(xiàng)以及B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C：一個(gè)2003年出生在美國(guó)的男嬰能夠活到73歲。由“AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73（一個(gè)于2003年出生在美國(guó)的男嬰預(yù)期能夠活到73歲）”可知C項(xiàng)正確。D：所有女性都比男性活得長(zhǎng)。此項(xiàng)并未被提及。因此本題選C。

2.【試題解析】判斷推理題。文章第一段講女性更長(zhǎng)壽，男女壽命存在差異，而且差距正在增加。第二段講了一些造成差距大的可能因素。A：男性的壽命幾乎保持不變。此項(xiàng)并未被前兩段提及。B：研究者已經(jīng)找到年齡差距的原因。此項(xiàng)不符合前兩段所述，前兩段只是提出了可能因素。C：社會(huì)越先進(jìn)，壽命差距越大。此項(xiàng)可由前兩段推斷而出。D：壽命差距只是在最近才被注意。此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)榈谝欢沃赋觯篒twas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.（17世紀(jì)就有所描述了）。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段中提到的影響男女壽命差異的兩個(gè)因素是：女性工作壓力比男性小，也沒(méi)有男性那么愛(ài)冒險(xiǎn)。因此，D項(xiàng)“她們承受的工作壓力和不愿意冒險(xiǎn)”正確。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第三段指出：Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.（曾經(jīng)有人指出，職業(yè)女性吸煙的可能性更大，隨著越來(lái)越多的婦女進(jìn)入職場(chǎng)，年齡差距將開(kāi)始縮小，因?yàn)槲鼰熍c較早死亡有關(guān)。然而現(xiàn)在，我們看到越來(lái)越多的女性吸煙，她們的壽命也越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，盡管她們的肺癌發(fā)病率在急劇攀升）。由此推測(cè)，D項(xiàng)“吸煙似乎不會(huì)影響婦女的壽命”正確。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出：Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.（男女壽命差這個(gè)問(wèn)題令人費(fèi)解的一點(diǎn)是：女性似乎并沒(méi)有男性健康。也就是，她們更容易得病。但是當(dāng)一位男士生病了，往往更嚴(yán)重）。因此讓研究人員費(fèi)解的一點(diǎn)是B項(xiàng)“盡管女性更容易得病，但她們?nèi)匀换畹酶L(zhǎng)”。

6.【試題解析】詞義題?！癳dge”所在句為：Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳動(dòng)物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.（幾乎所有雌性的哺乳動(dòng)物都擁有這個(gè)……，因?yàn)樗齻兤毡榛畹酶L(zhǎng)）。由此推測(cè)，“edge”表示“優(yōu)勢(shì)”的意思。

7.【試題解析】判斷推理題。A：只有人類(lèi)的女性比男性命長(zhǎng)。由“Afterall，thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳動(dòng)物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.（畢竟，這種現(xiàn)象并不是人類(lèi)所獨(dú)有的。幾乎所有雌性哺乳動(dòng)物都擁有這個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)樗齻兤毡榛畹酶茫笨芍狝項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B：女性比男性活得久，是由于基因方面的原因。由“Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.（也許我們正在尋找的答案只是問(wèn)題的表面。也許答案在于更深層次生物遺傳的原因）”可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C：從生命一開(kāi)始，男性和女性就存在差別。由“Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.（就人類(lèi)而言，出生后死亡的男嬰比女?huà)攵啵笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章提出：人們的壽命普遍比以前長(zhǎng)；但女性比男性活得久一些。并且分析了造成這種差異的可能因素。最后指出，也許男女壽命差異可能在于更深層次的生物遺傳原因。因此A項(xiàng)“女性更長(zhǎng)壽仍然是個(gè)迷”比較符合文章主旨大意。

4.單選題

Look,（）inhisusualT-shirt.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heredoesHenrycome

B.herecomesHenry

C.hereHenrycomes

D.comeshereHenry

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句。表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間和方向的副詞放在句首時(shí)，句子使用完全倒裝，句意：看！羅賓來(lái)了，穿著往常的T恤衫。所以本題B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughly（

）theentireindustrialsector.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.motivating

B.encompassing

C.enticing

D.undercutting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motivate“激勵(lì)；刺激”；B選項(xiàng)encompass“包含；包圍”；C選項(xiàng)entice“慫恿；誘使”；D選項(xiàng)undercut“削（價(jià)）競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；削弱”。句意：1910年，超過(guò)60萬(wàn)的黑人工人，或者說(shuō)10%的黑人工人報(bào)告說(shuō)他們從事“制造業(yè)和機(jī)械制造業(yè)”，這一聯(lián)邦人口普查類(lèi)別大致……整個(gè)工業(yè)部門(mén)。綜合句意與選項(xiàng)可知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Thebarintheclubisforthe（

）useofitsmembers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extensive

B.exclusive

C.inclusive

D.comprehensive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。extensive大量的，廣泛的；exclusive排外的，獨(dú)有的；inclusive包括的，包含的；comprehensive綜合的，廣泛的。句意：該俱樂(lè)部的酒吧僅供其會(huì)員使用。由空格后的useofitsmembers可知該酒吧僅供其內(nèi)部會(huì)員使用。故B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B。

7.單選題

Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk（）far.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A./

B.such

C.that

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。本句中的that就相當(dāng)于so,意為“如此”,修飾副詞far。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。such后面要接名詞或者名詞短語(yǔ)。as的語(yǔ)義不符。

8.單選題

Wehaveplannedanexcitingpublicity_______withouradvertisers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.struggle

B.conflict

C.battle

D.campaign

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)struggle“奮斗；抗?fàn)帯保籅選項(xiàng)conflict“沖突；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)”；C選項(xiàng)battle“戰(zhàn)役；較量”；D選項(xiàng)campaign“戰(zhàn)役；（有計(jì)劃的）活動(dòng)”。句意：我們和我們的廣告商計(jì)劃了一個(gè)令人興奮的宣傳_______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指廣告宣傳活動(dòng)，所以campaign“（有計(jì)劃的）活動(dòng)”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Mostpeopleleftandthe（）satdowntowait.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remnants

B.remedy

C.remains

D.remainder

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)remnants“殘余；殘留物”；B選項(xiàng)remedy“補(bǔ)救；解決辦法”；C選項(xiàng)remains“殘余物；剩飯菜”；D選項(xiàng)remainder“殘余；剩余物”。句意：大部分人都離開(kāi)了，……坐著等。remnants一般是指殘余部分、殘跡。remains一般是指古跡，遺跡；遺骸等。句中的主語(yǔ)是人，大部分都走了，還有一部分剩下的人坐著等。remainder做名詞時(shí)側(cè)重于人和錢(qián)的剩余。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Don’trun（

）theideathatScotsmenaremean.Theyjustdon’tlikewastingmoney.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.infor

B.into

C.awayfrom

D.awaywith

【答案】D

【解析】句意:不要輕率地下結(jié)論說(shuō)蘇格蘭人很吝嗇。他們只是不想浪費(fèi)錢(qián)。

考查固定搭配。runawaywiththeidea輕易接受（意見(jiàn)、看法等）。

11.寫(xiě)作題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenwriteasummaryofitinEnglishinabout120words.Thesummaryyoumakeshoulddemonstrateyourverbalskillsinorganizingtheoriginalinformationandkeepthewordlimit.WriteyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

Developmentsin19thcenturyEuropeareboundedbytwogreatevents.TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeoutin1789,anditseffectsreverberatedthroughoutmuchofEuropeformanydecades.WorldWarⅠbeganin1914.ItsinceptionresultedfrommanytrendsinEuropeansociety,culture,anddiplomacyduringthelate19thcentury.Inbetweentheseboundaries—theoneopeninganewsetoftrends,theotherbringinglong-standingtensionstoahead—muchofmodernEuropewasdefined.

Europeduringthis125-yearspanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Anumberofbasicculturaltrends,includingnewliterarystylesandthespreadofscience,ranthroughtheentirecontinent.Europeanstateswereincreasinglylockedindiplomaticinteraction,culminatingincontinentwidealliancesystemafter1871.Atthesametime,thiswasthecenturyofgrowingnationalism,inwhichindividualstatesjealouslyprotectedtheiridentitiesandindeedestablishedmorerigorousbordercontrolsthaneverbefore.Finally,theEuropeancontinentwastoanextentdividedbetweentwozonesofdifferentialdevelopment.ChangessuchastheIndustrialRevolutionandpoliticalliberalizationspreadfirstandfastestinWesternEurope—Britain,France,theLowCountries,Scandinavia,and,toanextent,GermanyandItaly.EasternandsouthernEurope,moreruralattheoutsetoftheperiod,changedmoreslowlyandinsomewhatdifferentways.

Europewitnessedimportantcommonpatternsandincreasinginterconnections,butthesedevelopmentsmustbeassessedintermsofnation-statedivisionsand,evenmore,oflargerregions,differences.Sometrends,includingtheongoingimpactoftheFrenchRevolution,ranthroughvirtuallytheentire19thcentury.Othercharacteristics,however,hadashorterlifespan.

Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintorelativelysmallchunks.Thus1789-1815isdefinedbytheFrenchRevolutionandNapoleon;1815-48formsaperiodofreactionandadjustment;1848-1871isdominatedbyanewroundofrevolutionandtheunificationsoftheGermanandItaliannations;and1871-1914,anageofimperialism,isshapedbynewkindsofpoliticaldebateandthepressuresthatculminatedinwar.Overridingtheseimportantmarkers,however,asimplerdivisioncanalsobeuseful.Between1789and1849EuropedealtwiththeforcesofpoliticalrevolutionandthefirstimpactoftheIndustrialRevolution.Between1849and1914afullerindustrialsocietyemerged,includingnewformsofstatesandofdiplomaticandmilitaryalignments.Themid-19thcentury,ineitherformulation,loomsasaparticularlyimportantpointoftransitionwithintheextended19thcentury.

【答案】【參考例文】

TheFrenchRevolutionandWorldWarⅠplayedimportantrolesindevelopmentsin19thcenturyEurope.Social,culturalanddiplomaticfactorsformedmodernEurope.From1789to1914,Europespanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Europeanstateswererelativelystableuntil1871.Atthesametime,nationalismappeared.WesternEuropedevelopedfast,whileEasternandSouthernEuropechangedslowly.Duringthisperiod,sometrendslastedforalongtime,suchastheFrenchRevolution,whileothertrendshadashorterlifeofspan.Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintofourchunks:1789-1815,1815-48,1848-1871,1871-1914.Therewasalsoasimplerandusefuldivision:1789-1849and1849-1914.Ineitherformulation,themid-19thcenturyisanimportantpointoftransitionintheEuropeanhistory.

12.單選題

Youmustbeverycareful;thework______precision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.entails

C.retails

D.repels

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retains“保持”；B選項(xiàng)entails“牽涉；需要”；C選項(xiàng)retails“述說(shuō)（尤指別人的事情）”；D選項(xiàng)repels“擊退；趕走”。句意：你必須非常小心；這項(xiàng)工作______精確。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指這是份細(xì)致的工作，B選項(xiàng)entails“牽涉；需要”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyance

B.resentment

C.offence

D.irritation

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)annoyance“惱怒，生氣，煩惱”；B選項(xiàng)resentment“憤恨，怨恨”；C選項(xiàng)offence“犯罪，罪行，冒犯”；D選項(xiàng)irritation“生氣，氣惱”。只有offence可用于短語(yǔ)takeoffenceatsth.表示“對(duì)……生氣”。句意：記者和攝影師們都對(duì)那位演員在采訪(fǎng)過(guò)程中的粗魯表現(xiàn)感到不滿(mǎn)。

14.翻譯題

PleasetranslatethefollowingtenEnglishsentencesintoChinese.

Withahistoryofmorethan5,000years,Chinaisoneoftheoldestancientcivilizationsoftheworld.

Chinawasdividedforshortperiodsofitshistory,withdifferentregionsbeingruledbydifferentgroups.

FromXiaDynastyinthe21stcenturyBCtoQingDynasty,Chinaexperienceddozensofdynastiesinhistory.

Eachdynastyachieveduniqueaccomplishmentsinthefieldsofpolities,economy,culture,scienceandtechnology,etc.

HanDynastywasthemostadvancedempireatthattime,whichcontributestotheformationofthename“theHanNationality”.

TangDynastyimpressedChineseforitslongtimeunificationandpowerfulnationalstrength,becauseofwhichoverseasChinesecallthemselves“Tangpeople”abroad.

SongDynastyandMingDynastywereperiodswheneconomy,culture,educationandsciencewerehighlyprosperous.

Butthechangefromonedynastytoanotherusuallyledtolong-lastingwars,whichbroughtunspeakablesufferingforthemasses.

On1October1949,MaoZedongproclaimedthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

MaoistthoughtwaswidelyappliedastheguidingpoliticalandmilitaryideologyoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

【答案】中國(guó)有5000多年的歷史，是世界最古老的文明之一。

歷史上，中國(guó)在短期內(nèi)被劃分為多個(gè)部分，并且不同的區(qū)域由不同的群體管轄。

從公元前21世紀(jì)的夏朝開(kāi)始至清朝結(jié)束，中國(guó)歷史上經(jīng)歷過(guò)幾十個(gè)朝代的變更。

每個(gè)朝代在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和科學(xué)技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域都有獨(dú)特的成就。

漢朝是當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最先進(jìn)的帝國(guó),“漢族”這一名稱(chēng)就得名于漢朝。

唐朝因統(tǒng)一時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、國(guó)力強(qiáng)盛而被國(guó)人銘記，因此在海外的中國(guó)人自稱(chēng)為“唐人”。

宋朝和明朝是經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育與科學(xué)高度繁榮的時(shí)代。

但朝代的更替一般會(huì)導(dǎo)致連年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，給人民大眾帶來(lái)了難以言表的痛苦。

1949年10月1曰，毛澤東宣布中華人民共和國(guó)的成立。

毛澤東思想作為中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的政治和軍事指導(dǎo)思想被廣泛應(yīng)用。

15.單選題

Ifeelthathissubjectgainsalotfromtheattractive（

）ofthematter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentation

B.preparation

C.preference

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。presentation“展示，陳述”；preparation“預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備”；preference“偏愛(ài)，傾向，優(yōu)先權(quán)”；potential“潛能，可能性”。

句意：我覺(jué)得他的話(huà)題從他對(duì)問(wèn)題吸引人的陳述方式中獲益很多。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore（

）thanthewoodenbox.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.terminal

B.durable

C.persistent

D.bearable

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)terminal“晚期的，末端的”；B選項(xiàng)durable“耐用的，持久的”；C選項(xiàng)persistent“執(zhí)著的，持續(xù)的”；D選項(xiàng)bearable“可忍受的”。

句意：拉爾夫知道盡管金屬盒子不那么吸引人，但會(huì)比木箱更耐用。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

17.單選題

Wecanhardlyavoidmakinganymistakesinourwork____hardwetry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatever

B.how

C.nomatter

D.however

【答案】D

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。此句為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)后面的副詞hard可以判斷，答案只能從B和D選擇，D項(xiàng)however=nomatterhow，根據(jù)句意：無(wú)論我們多么努力，在工作中都會(huì)不可避免地犯錯(cuò)誤，因此D更合適。

18.單選題

Hemadesome（

）sketcheswhichwouldserveasguideswhenhepaintedtheactualportrait.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.primary

B.elementary

C.fundamental

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。primary意為“首要的，主要的，初級(jí)的，最初的”，指處于初級(jí)或低級(jí)狀態(tài)；elementary意為“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始階段，或指學(xué)習(xí)某一學(xué)科或接受教育等處于入門(mén)階段或只是剛剛接觸的基本知識(shí)或原理；fundamental意為“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的，根本的”，指作為基礎(chǔ)、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意為“初步的，初級(jí)的”指在正式開(kāi)始舉某活動(dòng)之前進(jìn)行的“初步的、預(yù)備的”活動(dòng)。由sketches（草圖）可知選D。

句意：他畫(huà)了一些初步的草圖，作為他畫(huà)肖像之前的指導(dǎo)。

19.單選題

Some4,000privateimporters,exportersandwholesalerswerenationalizedand（

）intoahugegovernmentmonopoly,theStateTradingCorp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incorporated

B.inclined

C.resigned

D.resorted

【答案】A

【解析】incorporateinto并入；其他選項(xiàng)都不與into搭配,而是一般與to搭配。句意:約4,000家私營(yíng)進(jìn)出口商和批發(fā)商被收歸國(guó)有,并被并入一家大型的政府壟斷企業(yè)——國(guó)有貿(mào)易公司。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

20.單選題

Atheoryisanorganizedsetofprinciplesthatisdesignedtoexplainandpredictsomephenomenon.Goodtheoriesalsoprovidespecifictestablepredictions,or()abouttherelationbetweentwoormorevariables.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hypothesis

B.conception

C.idea

D.meaning

【答案】A

【解析】hypothesis假設(shè)；conception概念，設(shè)想；idea想法，主意；meaning意義，意圖。句意：理論是一套有組織的原理，用來(lái)解釋和預(yù)測(cè)一些現(xiàn)象。好的理論也提供了具體的可測(cè)試的預(yù)測(cè)，或者關(guān)于兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上變量之間關(guān)系的假設(shè)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

21.單選題

Mrs.Greenhasbeenlivingintownonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe（）witheveryonewhocomestothestore.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accepted

B.admitted

C.admired

D.acquainted

【答案】D

【解析】acquaint使認(rèn)識(shí),

使了解；accept接受；admit招收,

承認(rèn)；admire

欽佩,

贊美,

羨慕。beacquaintedwithsb.為固定搭配，意為與...相識(shí)。句意：格林夫人在城里只住了一年，但她似乎認(rèn)識(shí)來(lái)商店的每一個(gè)人。

22.翻譯題

美國(guó)有五分之四的人在工作中感受到