考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.寫作題

Directions:Writeashortessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyouressay.WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.

Somepeoplebelievethatthebestwayoflearningaboutlifeisbylisteningtotheadviceoffamilyandfriends.Otherpeoplebelievethebestwayisthroughpersonalexperience.

Comparetheadvantagesofthesetwodifferentways.Whichdoyouthinkispreferable?Usespecificexamplestosupportyourpreference.

【答案】略

2.單選題

Withthesevereshortageofenergysupply,wearefacingthe（）ofaveryhardwinter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expectation

B.prospect

C.promise

D.damage

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。expectation“預(yù)料”;prospect“前景”；promise“承諾”;damage“毀壞”。句意：因?yàn)槟茉垂?yīng)的嚴(yán)重短缺，我們將面臨一個(gè)艱難的冬天。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthCenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycleoreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistantandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdrivesfromwouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenth-andearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Tobothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.ToonemodeltheSun'smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.Theyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeofthefounderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistainpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunderstormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years.

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“指出有關(guān)太陽活動(dòng)的兩種相對的科學(xué)理論并對其各自的地質(zhì)依據(jù)進(jìn)行評價(jià)”，B選項(xiàng)“簡要概述近期科學(xué)在太陽物理學(xué)方面的發(fā)展并且就他們對未來氣候研究的影響做出評價(jià)”，C選項(xiàng)“討論將地球上的各種現(xiàn)象與太陽活動(dòng)聯(lián)系起來的困難性并指出問題的解決方法影響著我們對太陽物理活動(dòng)的理解”，D選項(xiàng)“概述有關(guān)太陽物理的問題之所以一直沒解決的原因并且對現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)家過度理論化的方法進(jìn)行指責(zé)”，根據(jù)文章大意可以推斷出C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章對太陽活動(dòng)的兩種模式的介紹主要集中在文章的第三段。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”可知在第一種模式中，太陽活動(dòng)的周期是與太陽大范圍的磁場相關(guān)的并且太陽活動(dòng)周期是可以長期維持基本不變的。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.”“在這種模式中，與太陽磁場相關(guān)的太陽機(jī)制變化更快，因此，太陽活動(dòng)周期的特點(diǎn)也會(huì)在很長一段時(shí)間后有所變化”可知在第二種模式中太陽活動(dòng)的周期也是和太陽磁場相關(guān)的，但是太陽活動(dòng)周期是會(huì)有所變化的。所以A選項(xiàng)‘在這兩個(gè)模型中，周期性的太陽活動(dòng)被認(rèn)為是太陽的一個(gè)長期特征，在數(shù)十億年的時(shí)間里幾乎沒有變化?！虲選項(xiàng)‘在一個(gè)模型中，太陽磁場被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致太陽活動(dòng)的一個(gè)因素，而在另一個(gè)模型中則不是。’表錯(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)文章中沒有體現(xiàn)，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.”“太陽活動(dòng)極小期的真實(shí)性還有待考證，特別是中國當(dāng)時(shí)肉眼觀察到的太陽活動(dòng)的記錄又與其相矛盾”確定A選項(xiàng)‘他們認(rèn)為,蒙德極小期的數(shù)據(jù)是建立不正確的?！项}意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”確定D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)億年前太陽活動(dòng)的周期性特征和如今太陽活動(dòng)的周期性相同”是對第一種模式的支持。

4.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItisnowthebiggestandbusiestairportinEurope.

B.ItistheworstmanagedairportinGermanhistory.

C.IthasbecomeatypicalsymbolofGermanefficiency.

D.IthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thecitywantedtoattractmoretourists.

B.Thecitywantedtoboostitseconomy.

C.Thecityhadjustbeenreunified.

D.Thecity’sairportareoutdated.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Problemsofdifferentkindskeptpoppingup.

B.Shortageoffundingdelayeditsconstruction.

C.Theconstructionfirmbreachedthecontract.

D.Themunicipalgovernmentkeptchanginghands.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Complaintsbylocalresidentsincrease.

B.Hugemaintenancecostsaccumulate.

C.Allkindsofequipmentgetsrusted.

D.TourismindustryinBerlinsuffers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutGermany’sdreamairportinBerlin.TheairportlooksexactlylikeeveryothermajormodernairportinEurope,exceptforonebigproblem:morethansevenyearsafteritwasoriginallysupposedtoopen,itstillstandsempty.Germanyisknownforitsefficiencyandrefinedengineering,butwhenitcomestoitsnewghostairportthisreputationcouldnotbefurtherfromthetruth.Plaguedbylongdelays,perpetualmismanagementandever-soaringcosts,[22]theairporthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans—andasourceoffrustrationforlocalpoliticians,businessleadersandresidentsalike.

Planningforthenewairportbeganin1989.Atthetime,itbecameclearthat[23]thenewly-reunifiedBerlinwouldneedamodernairportwithfargreatercapacitythanitsexistingairports.Thecitybrokegroundonthenewairportin2006.Thefirstmajorsignofproblemscameinsummer2010,whentheconstructioncorporationpushedtheopeningfromOctober2011toJune2012.In2012,thecityplannedanopeningceremonybutlessthanamonthbeforehand,inspectorsfoundsignificantproblemswiththefiresafetysystemandpushedtheopeningbackagainto2013.

Itwasn’tjustthesmokesystem:[24]manyothermajorproblemssubsequentlyemerged.Morethan90metresofcablewereincorrectlyinstalled;4,000doorswerewronglynumbered;escalatorsweretooshort,andtherewasashortageofcheck-indesks.

Sowhy,withsomanyproblemsdiscovered,didn’ttheairportcorporationdecidetogiveupontheprojectandstartover?Thereasonissimple:peopleareoftenhesitanttoterminateaprojectwhenthey’vealreadyinvestedtimeorresourcesintoit,evenifitmightmakelogicalsensetodoso.

Thelongerthedelayscontinued,themoreproblemsinspectorsfound.Leadershipoftheplanningcorporationhaschangedhandsnearlyasmanytimesastheopeningdatehasbeenpushedback.Initially,ratherthanappointingageneralcontractortoruntheproject,thecorporationdecidedtomanageitthemselvesdespitelackofexperiencewithanundertakingofthatscale.

Tocompoundthedelays,[25]theunusedairportisresultinginmassivecosts.Everymonthitremainsunopenedcostsbetween9and10millioneuros.

Assumingallgoeswell,theairportshouldopeninOctober2020.Butthestill-emptyairportstandsasthebiggestembarrassmenttoGermany’sreputationforefficiency—andacontinuingdrainoncityandstateresources.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthedreamairportinBerlin?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話者如何評價(jià)柏林的夢想機(jī)場？說話者提到該機(jī)場成了德國人的笑話，因此D選項(xiàng)“這在德國人中成了一個(gè)笑話”與錄音原文表述一致。A選項(xiàng)“它現(xiàn)在是歐洲最大最繁忙的機(jī)場”錄音中并沒有信息提及，并且這個(gè)機(jī)場尚未竣工，所以A選項(xiàng)可排除；B選項(xiàng)“它是德國歷史上管理最差的機(jī)場”利用錄音中perpetualmismanagement設(shè)干擾，錄音只是提到機(jī)場長期管理不善，但無法知道是不是德國歷史上最差的，因此排除B選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“它已經(jīng)成為德國效率的典型象征”，錄音提到德國因?yàn)樾识劽?，但現(xiàn)在這個(gè)機(jī)場錯(cuò)漏百出，竣工日期一拖再拖，因此C選項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤。

23.WhywasthereaneedforanewairportinBerlin?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問為何柏林需要一個(gè)新機(jī)場？錄音提到，重新統(tǒng)一后的柏林需要一個(gè)比現(xiàn)有機(jī)場容量大得多的現(xiàn)代機(jī)場，說明現(xiàn)有機(jī)場的容量對重新統(tǒng)一后的柏林來說是不夠的，無法匹配新時(shí)期的需求，也就是說“這個(gè)城市的機(jī)場已經(jīng)過時(shí)”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城市想吸引更多游客”和B選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城市想要發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)”在錄音中均未提及；C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城市剛剛重新統(tǒng)一”是對錄音中newly-reunified的斷章取義，“重新統(tǒng)一”只是當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)代背景，表明進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的時(shí)期，但并非計(jì)劃興建新機(jī)場的原因。

24.WhydidBerlinpostponetheopeningofitsdreamairportagainandagain?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問為什么柏林一再推遲其夢想機(jī)場的開放？錄音提到，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題第一次推遲之后，又發(fā)現(xiàn)消防安全系統(tǒng)存在重大問題，接著再推遲，隨后又出現(xiàn)了許多其他的主要問題，拖延的時(shí)間越長，檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題就越多。因此A選項(xiàng)“各種各樣的問題不斷涌現(xiàn)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“資金短缺延誤了工程建設(shè)”和C選項(xiàng)“建筑公司違反了合同”在錄音中沒有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“市政府不斷更換”利用錄音中的changedhands設(shè)干擾，更換的是規(guī)劃公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層，并不是市政府，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

25.Whathappenswhiletheairportremainsunused?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問機(jī)場閑置時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么？錄音提到，閑置的機(jī)場造成了巨大的成本，因此B選項(xiàng)“巨大的維護(hù)成本會(huì)積累起來”正確。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦谋г乖黾印?，錄音中只是提到居民對于機(jī)場的態(tài)度是frustration“沮喪”，并沒有提到居民的抱怨在增加，因此排除A選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“所有設(shè)備都生銹”和D選項(xiàng)“柏林的旅游業(yè)受到影響”在錄音中均沒有信息提及。

5.單選題

Oneairlinechiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)wasthemasterofthepersonaltouch.Spendinghourswithhisemployeesandgettingtoknowtheirjobs,hepersuadedthemtoacceptpaycutsinreturnforanownershipstake.TheconcessionputthecompanysosolidlyintheblackthattheCEOwasabletosellitfor$860million.AnotherCEOscoldedmanagersinfrontofothers,cutonethirdoftheworkforceandsoembitteredthesurvivorsthathisairlinebegantolosemoney,andtheboardofdirectorsfiredhim.

InanytestofknowledgeorIQ,thetwoCEOscouldhavedueledtoadraw.Thedifferencewastheabilitytohandlerelationships,arguesDanielGolemaninhisnewbook,workingwithEmotionalIntelligence.Buildingonhis1995bestseller,EmotionedIntelligence,GolemannowprobeshowEIrelatestotheworldofwork.Ashedidinhisearlierbook,GolemanmasterfullyexplainshowalowEIhinderspeople’sfullintellectualpotentialbyfloodingthebrainwithstresshormonesthatimpairmemory,learningandthinking.Theheartofthebook,though,isananalysisofdatacollectedfrommorethan150firmsonwhatdistinguishesso-soperformersfromsuperstars.Goleman’sfindings:conventionalintelligencetakessecondpositiontoemotionalintelligenceindeterminingjobperformance.Injobsrangingfromrepairmantoscientist,IQaccountsfornomorethan25percentofthedifferencebetween,say,asuccessfulhigh-techentrepreneurandafailedone.Inanothersurprise,thecontributionofIQshrinksandthecontributionofEIriseswithdifficultyofajobandhowhighitranksinanorganization.Basedontraitsthatcompaniessaydistinguishwinnersfromlosers,GolemanconcludesthatEIcarriesmuchmoreweightthanIQindeterminingsuccessatthetop.

However,themanyexamplesofCEOsandotherpeopleintoppositionswhohavetheemotionalintelligenceofasnake-butstillwereCEOs-underminethecaseforEPSindispensabilityinbusiness.ButevenifyouacceptthatEIdetermineswhoexcels,youhavetowonderifitshould.Golemandescribeshow112entry-levelaccountantswerejudgedmoreorlesssuccessful(bytheirbosses)accordingtotheirlevelofEIratherthantheiractualskills.Nowondersomanyauditorsfailtonoticecookedbooks.

1.AccordingtoGoleman,thebiggestdifferencebetweenthetwoCEOsdescribedinthefirstparagraphliesin______.

2.Goleman’snewbookWorkingwithEmotionalIntelligenceischieflyabout

______.

3.AccordingtoGoleman,whichofthefollowingpersonsowesthemosttoEIforhis/hersuccess?

4.Thephrase“cookedbooks”inthelastsentencemostprobablymeans______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theirattitudetowardtheiremployees

B.theiremotionalintelligence

C.theirconventionalintelligence

D.theirbusinessstrategy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferencebetweenIQandEI

B.therelationshipbetweenEIandjobperformance

C.theroleofEIinaperson’ssuccess

D.theimportanceofhandlingpersonalrelationships

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Presidentofacompany

B.Managerofthepersonneldepartment

C.Managerofthesalesdepartment

D.Plumber

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.falsifiedaccountbooks

B.bookscontaininginformationforpreparationoffood

C.damagedbooks

D.piratedbooks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文章第一段，文章提到兩個(gè)CEO對待他們的員工有不同的方法。B選項(xiàng)“他們的情商”，關(guān)于兩位CEO的比較結(jié)果在第二段段首體現(xiàn)，兩位CEO最主要的區(qū)別是處理各種關(guān)系的能力，也就是下文討論的情商，故本題答案應(yīng)為B。A選項(xiàng)“他們對員工的態(tài)度”，在第一段提到，但它只是情商的具體表現(xiàn)形式。C選項(xiàng)“他們的傳統(tǒng)智慧”，第二段首句指出兩位CEO的知識或智商水平都幾近持平，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“他們的業(yè)務(wù)策略”，原文沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二句Thedifferencewastheabilitytohandlerelationships,arguesDanielGolemaninhisnewbook,workingwithEmotionalIntelligence.（丹尼爾?戈?duì)柭谒男聲度绾翁幚砬樯獭分兄赋?，差異在于處理人際關(guān)系的能力）。這里解釋了本書的內(nèi)容，本書主要探討情商和工作的關(guān)系，因此B選項(xiàng)“EI與工作績效的關(guān)系”正確。A選項(xiàng)“IQ和EI之間的區(qū)別”，雖在書中有提及，但不是主要內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“EI在一個(gè)人的成功中所起的作用”，雖在書中有提及，但不是主要內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“處理人際關(guān)系的重要性”，雖在書中有提及，但不是主要內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句Golemandescribeshow112entry-levelaccountantswerejudgedmoreorlesssuccessful(bytheirbosses)accordingtotheirlevelofEIratherthantheiractualskills.（戈?duì)柭枋隽?12名初級會(huì)計(jì)師（他們的老板）是如何根據(jù)他們的EI水平而不是他們的實(shí)際技能來判斷他們是否成功的）。從該句可推測：工作性質(zhì)越重要，EI的作用就越大。A選項(xiàng)“公司總裁”，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“人事部經(jīng)理”，文章沒有提到這一點(diǎn)，因此可排除。C選項(xiàng)“銷售部經(jīng)理”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“水管工”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義理解題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Nowondersomanyauditorsfailtonoticecookedbooks.（難怪這么多審計(jì)師沒有注意到造假的賬目）。這里談的是審計(jì)員的情況，因此可推測cookedbooks和cook的基本意思“做飯”無關(guān)，book的意思不是“書”，而是和審計(jì)會(huì)計(jì)有關(guān)的意思“賬簿”。A選項(xiàng)“偽造會(huì)計(jì)賬簿”符合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“載有烹調(diào)食物資料的書籍”，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“破損圖書”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“盜版書”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Apersonmustsatisfyhisphysiologicalneeds,suchasfood,clothingandshelter,before（）anyotherobjective.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recovering

B.searching

C.chasing

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)recovering“恢復(fù)，再生”；B選項(xiàng)searching“查找，思索”；C選項(xiàng)chasing“追趕；追求（事業(yè)、金錢、異性）”；D選項(xiàng)pursuing“追趕；追問；努力實(shí)現(xiàn)（目標(biāo)）”。句意：一個(gè)人必須先滿足生理需要，如衣食住行，才能（）任何其他的目標(biāo)。根據(jù)語境，pursuing“努力實(shí)現(xiàn)（目標(biāo)）”搭配objective“目標(biāo)”比較合理。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore（

）tolightthanhumaneyes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glowing

B.brilliant

C.gloomy

D.sensitive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。glowing意為“灼熱的，灼熾的”；brilliant意為“明亮的”；gloomy意為“黑暗的”；sensitive意為“敏感的”。

句意：雖然貓無法在完全黑暗中看到，但是它們的眼睛比人類的眼睛對光敏感得多。

8.單選題

There’sasimplepremisebehindwhatLarryMyersdoesforaliving:Ifyoucansmellit,youcanfindit.

MyersisthefounderofAuburnUniversity’sInstituteforBiologicalDetectionSystems,themaintaskofwhichistochasetheultimateindetectiondevices—anartificialnose.Fornow,thesubjectoftheirresearchislittlemorethanastackofgleamingchipstuckedawayinalaboratorydrawer.Butsoon,suchatoolcouldbehangingfromthebeltsofpolice,arsoninvestigatorsandfood-safetyinspectors.

Thetechnologythattheyareworkingonwouldsuggestquitereasonablythat,withinthreetofiveyears,we’llhavesomeworkablesensorsreadytouse.Suchdevicesmightfindwideuseinplacesthatattractterrorists.Policecoulddetectdrugs,bodiesandbombshiddenincars,whilefoodinspectorscouldeasilytestfoodandwaterforcontamination.

Theimplicationsforrevolutionaryadvancesinpublicsafetyandthefoodindustryareastonishing.Butso,too,arethepossibilitiesforabuse.Suchmachinescoulddeterminewhetherawomanisovulating,withoutaphysicalexam—orevenherknowledge.

OneofthetraditionalprotectorsofAmericanlibertyisthatithasbeenimpossibletosearcheveryone.That’sgettingnottobethecase.

ArtificialbiosensorscreatedatAuburnworktotallydifferentlyfromanythingeverseenbefore.AromaScan,forexample,isadesktopmachinebasedonabankofchipssensitivetospecificchemicalsthatevaporateintotheair.Asairissuckedintothemachine,chemicalspassoverthesensorsurfacesandproducechangesintheelectricalcurrentflowingthroughthem.Thosecurrentchangesareloggedintoacomputerthatsortsoutodorsbasedontheirelectricalsignatures.

Myerssaystheyexpecttoloadasinglefingernail—sizechipwiththousandsofodorreceptors,enoughtocreateasensorthat’snearlyassensitiveasadog’snose.

1.Whichofthefollowingiswithinthecapacityoftheartificialnosebeingdeveloped?

2.Apotentialproblemwhichmightbecausedbytheuseofanartificialnoseis____.

3.Theword“l(fā)ogged”(Para.6)mostprobablymeans“____”.

4.Toproduceartificialnosesforpracticaluse,itisessential____.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsLarryMyers’workis____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Performingphysicalexaminations.

B.Locatingplaceswhichattractterrorists.

C.Detectingdrugsandwatercontamination.

D.Monitoringfoodprocessing.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.negligenceofpublicsafety

B.anabuseofpersonalfreedom

C.ahazardtophysicalhealth

D.athreattoindividualprivacy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.preset

B.entered

C.processed

D.simulated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.todevelopmicrochipswiththousandsofodorreceptors

B.toinventchipssensitivetovariouschemicals

C.todesignacomputerprogramtosortoutsmells

D.tofindchemicalsthatcanaltertheelectricalcurrentpassingthrough

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.cautious

B.approving

C.suspicious

D.overenthusiastic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingiswithinthecapacityoftheartificialnosebeingdeveloped?下列哪項(xiàng)在正在研制的人造鼻子的能力范圍內(nèi)？

A.Performingphysicalexaminations.A.進(jìn)行體格檢查。

B.Locatingplaceswhichattractterrorists.B.找出吸引恐怖分子的地方。

C.Detectingdrugsandwatercontamination.C.檢測藥物和水污染。

D.Monitoringfoodprocessing.D.監(jiān)控食品加工。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第三段最后“而食品檢查員可以很容易地檢測食品和水的污染。”也就是說能檢測到污染。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)行體格檢查。”，文中沒有提及該機(jī)器可以進(jìn)行體格檢查，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“找出吸引恐怖分子的地方?！?，文中第三段提到“這種裝置可能會(huì)在吸引恐怖分子的地方廣泛使用?！币簿褪钦f這種機(jī)器是在吸引恐怖分子的地方使用而不是找出能吸引恐怖分子的地方，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“監(jiān)控食品加工?！保闹刑岬健岸称窓z查員可以很容易地檢測食品和水的污染?！?，只是說能夠檢測食品污染，并不是能夠監(jiān)控食品加工，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Apotentialproblemwhichmightbecausedbytheuseofanartificialnoseis____.一個(gè)可能由使用人工鼻子引起的潛在問題是____。

A.negligenceofpublicsafetyA.公共安全過失

B.anabuseofpersonalfreedomB.濫用個(gè)人自由

C.ahazardtophysicalhealthC.對身體健康的危害

D.athreattoindividualprivacyD.對個(gè)人隱私的威脅

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第四段“但濫用的可能性也是如此。這種機(jī)器可以在不需要體檢甚至不需要女性知情的情況下，就能確定女性是否在排卵。”由此可知，這種人工鼻子在個(gè)人不知情的情況下檢查別人的隱私。以及第五段“美國自由的傳統(tǒng)保護(hù)者之一是不可能搜查每一個(gè)人。但事實(shí)并非如此?！庇纱丝芍?，這種機(jī)器可能在人們不知情的情況下對人們進(jìn)行搜查。綜上可推斷，人工鼻子可能侵犯個(gè)人隱私。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“公共安全過失”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“濫用個(gè)人自由”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“對身體健康的危害”，文中提到“但濫用的可能性也是如此。這種機(jī)器可以在不需要體檢甚至不需要女性知情的情況下，就能確定女性是否在排卵?！庇纱丝芍?，是會(huì)侵犯個(gè)人隱私而不是身體健康，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theword“l(fā)ogged”(Para.6)mostprobablymeans“____”.“l(fā)ogged”（第6段）很可能是“____”的意思。

A.presetA.預(yù)設(shè)

B.enteredB.進(jìn)入

C.processedC.加工

D.simulatedD.模擬

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph6與題干信息可定位到第六段最后“當(dāng)空氣被吸入機(jī)器時(shí)，化學(xué)物質(zhì)通過傳感器表面，并在流經(jīng)它們的電流中產(chǎn)生變化。這些電流的變化會(huì)被記錄到電腦中，電腦會(huì)根據(jù)氣味的電子特征對其進(jìn)行分類。”根據(jù)上下文可推斷，logged意為“輸入；進(jìn)入”，因此B選項(xiàng)entered“進(jìn)入”與之意思相近，選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

根據(jù)解題思路，A、C、D選項(xiàng)都屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Toproduceartificialnosesforpracticaluse,itisessential____.為了制造出實(shí)際使用的人造鼻子，必須____。

A.todevelopmicrochipswiththousandsofodorreceptorsA.開發(fā)出含有數(shù)千個(gè)氣味感受器的微芯片

B.toinventchipssensitivetovariouschemicalsB.發(fā)明對各種化學(xué)物質(zhì)敏感的芯片

C.todesignacomputerprogramtosortoutsmellsC.設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)程序來分類氣味

D.tofindchemicalsthatcanaltertheelectricalcurrentpassingthroughD.找到能改變電流的化學(xué)物質(zhì)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“他們希望在一個(gè)指甲大小的芯片上裝入數(shù)千個(gè)氣味感受器，足以制造出一個(gè)幾乎和狗的鼻子一樣靈敏的傳感器?！币虼诉xA。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)明對各種化學(xué)物質(zhì)敏感的芯片”，文中提到“奧本公司制造的人工生物傳感器的工作原理與以前所見過的完全不同。例如，AromaScan是一種基于一組對蒸發(fā)到空氣中的特定化學(xué)物質(zhì)敏感的芯片的臺(tái)式電腦?！?，由此可知這個(gè)人工生物傳感器是含有芯片的臺(tái)式電腦，但是文章并沒有說要發(fā)明各種對化學(xué)物質(zhì)敏感的芯片，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷；

C選項(xiàng)“設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)程序來分類氣味”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“找到能改變電流的化學(xué)物質(zhì)”，文中提到“當(dāng)空氣被吸入機(jī)器時(shí)，化學(xué)物質(zhì)通過傳感器表面，并在流經(jīng)它們的電流中產(chǎn)生變化?！笔腔瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)在電流中發(fā)生變化，而不是電流發(fā)生變化，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthor’sattitudetowardsLarryMyers’workis____.作者對拉里?邁爾斯工作的態(tài)度是____。

A.cautiousA.謹(jǐn)慎的

B.approvingB.贊成的

C.suspiciousC.懷疑的

D.overenthusiasticD.過分熱情的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】綜合全文，文章主要介紹了人工鼻子的積極用途比如“這種裝置可能會(huì)在吸引恐怖分子的地方廣泛使用。警察可以發(fā)現(xiàn)隱藏在汽車中的毒品、尸體和炸彈，而食品檢查員可以很容易地檢測食品和水的污染?！钡菍τ谌斯け亲拥南麡O影響只提出會(huì)侵犯隱私，因此作者對拉里?邁爾斯的工作持贊成態(tài)度，因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎的”，曲解原文，屬于過度推斷；

C選項(xiàng)“懷疑的”，與作者態(tài)度相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“過分熱情的”，曲解原文，屬于過度推斷。

9.單選題

Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight,shedoesnotallowrespectto（

）hersenseofwhimsywhenpaintingit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspire

B.provoke

C.suppress

D.satisfy

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞