考研考博-英語(yǔ)-棗莊學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-棗莊學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Byprovidinglegalrepresentation,theAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionworkstodefendcitizensagainstbreachesoftheircivilrights.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.branches

B.exercises

C.performance

D.violations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。breach表示“違反，缺口”；A項(xiàng)branch“樹枝”，B項(xiàng)exercise“運(yùn)動(dòng)，練習(xí)”，C項(xiàng)performance“表現(xiàn)，性能”，D項(xiàng)violation“違反，妨礙”。句意：通過提供法律代理，美國(guó)公民自由聯(lián)盟致力于保護(hù)公民的公民權(quán)利不受侵犯。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Severedroughtinthe1970sand80’s,coupledwithapopulationexplosionanddestructivefarmingandlivestockpractices,wasdenudingvastswathsofland.Thedesertseemeddeterminedtoswalloweverything.SoMr.DanjimoandotherfarmersinGuidanBakoye，theSahel,asemiaridbeltthatspansAfricajustbelowtheSaharatookasmallbutradicalstep.Nolongerwouldtheyclearthesaplingsfromtheirfieldsbeforeplanting,astheyhadforgenerations.Insteadtheywouldprotectandnurturethem,carefullyplowingaroundthemwhensowingmillet,sorghum,peanutsandbeans.

Today,thesuccessingrowingnewtreessuggeststhattheharmtomuchoftheSahelmaynothavebeenpermanent,butatemporarylossoffertility.Theevidence,scientistssay,demonstrateshowrelativelysmallchangesinhumanbehaviorcantransformtheregionalecology,restoringitsbiodiversityandproductivity.

InNiger’scase,farmersbeganprotectingtreesjustasrainfalllevelsbegantoriseagainafterthedroughtsinthe1970sand80’s.

Anotherchangewasthewaytreeswereregardedbylaw.Fromcolonialtimes,alltreesinNigerhadbeenregardedasthepropertyofthestate,whichgavefarmerslittleincentivetoprotectthem.Treeswerechoppedforfirewoodorconstructionwithoutregardtotheenvironmentalcosts.Governmentforestersweresupposedtomakesurethetreeswereproperlymanaged,buttherewerenotenoughofthemtopoliceacountrynearlytwicethesizeofTexas.

Butovertime,farmersbegantoregardthetreesintheirfieldsastheirproperty,andinrecentyearsthegovernmenthasrecognizedthebenefitsofthatoutlookbyallowingindividualstoowntrees.Farmersmakemoneyfromthetreesbysellingbranches,pods,fruitandbark.Becausethosesalesaremorelucrativeovertimethansimplychoppingdownthetreeforfirewood,thefarmerspreservethem.

Thegreeningbeganinthemid-1980s,Dr.Reijsaid,“andeverytimewewentbacktoNiger,thescaleincreased.”

“Thedensityissospectacular.”hesaid.

MahamaneLarwanou,aforestryexpertattheUniversityofNiameyinNiger’scapital,saidtheregrowthoftreeshadtransformedrurallifeinNiger.

“Thebenefitsaresomanyitisreallyastonishing,”Dr.Larwanousaid.“Thefarmerscansellthebranchesformoney.Theycanfeedthepodsasfoddertotheiranimals.Theycanselloreattheleaves.Theycansellandeatthefruits.Treesaresovaluabletofarmers,sotheyprotectthem.”

Theyalsohaveextraordinaryecologicalbenefits.Theirrootsfixthesoilinplace,preventingitfrombeingcarriedoffwiththefierceSahelianwindsandpreservingarableland.Therootsalsohelpholdwaterintheground,ratherthanlettingitrunoffacrossrocky,barrenfieldsintogullieswhereitfloodsvillagesanddestroyscrops.

Onetreeinparticular,theFaidherbiaalbida,knownlocallyasthegaotree,isparticularlyessential.Itisanitrogen-fixingtree,whichhelpsfertilizethesoil.

Itsleavesfalloffduringtherainyseason,whichmeansitdoesnotcompetewithcropsforwater,sunornutrientsduringthegrowingperiod.Theleavesthemselvesbecomeorganicfertilizerwhentheyfall.

47.Theword“arable”inthethirdparagraphfromthebottomcanbesubstitutedby（）.

48.Thedenudingofvastswathsoflandwasnotcausedby（）.

49.Asmallchangeinhumanbehaviorcan（）.

50.Todaythelawhaschangedto（）.

51.Thebenefitsoftreestofarmersdoesnotinclude（）.

52.（）isnotanecologicalbenefitofthetreesinruralNiger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.landincapableofgrowingcrops

B.landcapableofgrowingcrops

C.landwhichisbeneficialtovegetation

D.landwhichdoesharmtovegetation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.severedroughtinthe1970’sand80’s

B.populationexplosion

C.destructivefarmslivestockpractices

D.civilwaramongthepeople

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.transformtheregionalecology

B.restorebiodiversity

C.restoreproductivity

D.alltheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.regardtreesaspropertyoftheState

B.makesuretreesareproperlymanaged

C.imposestiffpenaltiesonpeoplewhocuttreesforfirewood

D.allowindividualstoowntrees

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sellingbranchesformoney

B.feedingpodsasfoddertotheiranimals

C.sellingandeatingleavesandfruits

D.treesdepletingsoilofneededwater

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.ThatRootsfixthesoilinplaceandsomearenitrogenfixing

B.Preventingsoilfrombeingcarriedoffbyfiercewinds

C.Preservingarableland

D.Takingnutrientsfromcropsduringthegrowingperiod

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Theirrootsfixthesoilinplace,preventingitfrombeingcarriedoffwiththefierceSahelianwindsandpreservingarableland.（樹的根可以防止水土流失，阻止土壤被.薩赫勒地區(qū)的狂風(fēng)刮走以及保護(hù)耕地。）“arable”在這句的意思是“可耕種的”，可以推斷出選項(xiàng)B“能種莊稼的土地”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不能種植莊稼的土地”，正好與文章內(nèi)容相反，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“有利于植被生長(zhǎng)的土地”，文章沒有提到植被生長(zhǎng)土地，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)植物有害的土地”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到第一段第一句Severedroughtinthe1970sand80s,coupledwithapopulationexplosionanddestructivefarmingandlivestockpractices,wasdenudingvastswathsofland.（20世紀(jì)70年代和80年代的嚴(yán)重干旱，加上人口爆炸和破壞性的農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)，正在侵蝕大片土地）這句話提到了大面積的土地被剝奪的原因是Severedroughtinthe1970sand80’s,coupledwithapopulationexplosionanddestructivefarmingandlivestockpractices。D“人民之間的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“七十年代和八十年代的嚴(yán)重干旱”，符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)排除。B選項(xiàng)“人口爆炸”，文章提到，人口爆炸，B選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)場(chǎng)和家畜的破壞性行為”，符合文章內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句howrelativelysmallchangesinhumanbehaviorcantransformtheregionalecology,restoringitsbiodiversityandproductivity（人類行為中相對(duì)較小的變化如何改變區(qū)域生態(tài)，恢復(fù)其生物多樣性和生產(chǎn)力）。A選項(xiàng)“改造區(qū)域生態(tài)”、B選項(xiàng)“恢復(fù)生物多樣性”、C選項(xiàng)“恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)力”，A、B、C選項(xiàng)都符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)“以上全對(duì)”正確。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句inrecentyearsthegovernmenthasrecognizedthebenefitsofthatoutlookbyallowingindividualstoowntrees.（近年來，政府已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到這種前景的好處，允許個(gè)人擁有樹木），可知，政府允許個(gè)人擁有樹木，故選項(xiàng)D“允許個(gè)人擁有樹木”為答案選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“把樹木視為國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“確保樹木得到妥善管理”，沒有提到政府確保樹木得到妥善管理。C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)砍伐樹木作為柴火的人處以嚴(yán)厲的懲罰”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第四段第二句Thefarmerscansellthebranchesformoney.Theycanfeedthepodsasfoddertotheiranimals.Theycanselloreattheleaves.Theycansellandeatthefruits.（農(nóng)民們可以賣樹枝來賺錢。他們可以把豆莢當(dāng)作飼料喂動(dòng)物。他們可以賣或吃樹葉。他們可以賣水果，吃水果）。D選項(xiàng)“樹木耗盡土壤所需的水分”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。A選項(xiàng)“賣樹枝賺錢”，文章提到農(nóng)民可以依靠賣樹枝來掙錢，A選項(xiàng)排除。B選項(xiàng)“用豆莢喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物”，文章提到把豆莢作為飼料喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“賣和吃樹葉和水果”，符合文章內(nèi)容。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

52.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一、二句Theyalsohaveextraordinaryecologicalbenefits.Theirrootsfixthesoilinplace,preventingitfrombeingcarriedoffwiththefierceSahelianwindsandpreservingarableland（它們的根固定住土壤，防止它被兇猛的薩赫勒風(fēng)帶走，保護(hù)可耕種的土地），D選項(xiàng)“在作物生長(zhǎng)期間從作物中獲取營(yíng)養(yǎng)”，文章沒有提到會(huì)從作物中獲取營(yíng)養(yǎng)，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“這些根可以固定土壤，有些還可以固定氮”，A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“防止土壤被狂風(fēng)吹走”，文章提到它被兇猛的薩赫勒風(fēng)帶走，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)耕地”，文章提到保護(hù)可耕種的土地，C選項(xiàng)可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Hetriedtowaveasidetheseissuesas（

）detailsthatwouldbesettledlaterafterhefinisheddealingwiththeimportantones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.versatile

B.trivial

C.preliminary

D.alternate

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)versatile“通用的，多才多藝的”；B選項(xiàng)trivial“瑣碎的”；C選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的”；D選項(xiàng)alternate“交替的，輪流的”。句意：他試圖把這些問題當(dāng)作雞毛蒜皮的小事置之不理，等他處理完重要的問題后再解決。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

hedefectinDavid’scharacterhas（

）himfromadvancementinhiscareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exempted

B.forbidden

C.undermined

D.hindered

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。exempt“免除”；forbidden“禁止”；undermined“破壞”；hindered“阻礙”。句意為：大衛(wèi)的性格缺陷阻礙了他的事業(yè)發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.單選題

Nearlyalltreescontainsamixofpolymersthatcanburnlikepetroleum______properlyextracted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.if

C.whenit

D.is

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：幾乎所有的樹木都含有一種聚合物，如果提取得當(dāng)，這種聚合物可以像石油一樣燃燒。Nearlyalltreescontainsamixofpolymers是主句，thatcanburnlikepetroleum是修飾polymers的定語(yǔ)從句，橫線到句子結(jié)尾是修飾burnlikepetroleum的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；條件狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了主語(yǔ)polymers，所以B選項(xiàng)if符合題意。A選項(xiàng)after后面用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，后面的extracted是過去分詞形式，不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors―habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacksorwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenterattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”

ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto-Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever―hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.

Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.

Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offspring,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyritualsslippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.

“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns.”saidCarolBeming,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamblethecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”

Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Beminghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughcruelandendlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.

1.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap（

）.

2.Theexampleofbrushingteethshowsthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto

3.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto

4.HowdidCarolBemingseecreatingautomaticbehaviorsamongconsumers?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisingonpeople’shabits?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbefurthercultivated

B.aredeeplyrootedinhistory

C.shouldbechangedgradually

D.arebasicallyprivateconcerns

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.perfectedartofproducts

B.commercialpromotions

C.automaticbehaviorcreation

D.scientificexperiments

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities

B.revealtheirimpactonpeople’shabits

C.indicatetheireffectonpeople’sbuyingpower

D.manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaynotbringhugeprofitsforcompanies.

B.Ithasbecomeanewfieldofscientificresearch

C.Itmeansaheavyinvestmentforcompanies

D.Itisnecessaryforthesuccessofnewproducts.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Indifferent

B.Negative

C.Positive

D.Biased

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段第一句therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits提到這個(gè)博士的觀點(diǎn)：因?yàn)槲覀儾恢廊绾胃淖內(nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣，所以有像手臟了而不用肥皂洗手的根本公共健康問題仍然是導(dǎo)致人類死亡的事物。而這種習(xí)慣需要培養(yǎng)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第四段acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands提到在廣告普及之前很少有人會(huì)有規(guī)律地刷牙，由此可知選項(xiàng)B“商業(yè)促銷”符合題意。

3.文章第五段提到人們以前從來不會(huì)在不用餐的情況下喝水。然后飲料公司開始生產(chǎn)灌裝水，現(xiàn)在辦公室的人會(huì)不假思索地喝水。曾經(jīng)口香糖也大部分是青春期男孩購(gòu)買，現(xiàn)在被商業(yè)廣告塑造成清新口氣和牙齒清新劑。這些都是因?yàn)槿藗兊牧?xí)慣被改變了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns提到當(dāng)產(chǎn)品成為每天或每周的生活方式時(shí)，這些產(chǎn)品就成功了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段最后一句Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods提到這些策略被用來銷售有問題的美容膏或不健康的食品時(shí)，隨之而來的便是無(wú)休止的爭(zhēng)論?？芍髡邔?duì)商業(yè)廣告影響人們的習(xí)慣是抱消極態(tài)度的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Youcannotexpectpeopletoworkhardunlessyougivethemsomekindof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fascination

B.incentive

C.provocation

D.temptation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。fascination意為“魅力，著迷”；incentive意為“激勵(lì)，刺激，鼓勵(lì)”；provocation意為“挑釁，挑撥”；temptation意為“誘惑，引誘”。

句意：你不能指望人們努力工作，除非你給他們一些激勵(lì)。

8.單選題

Thetoolsoftheinformationagecanreinforce,ratherthanerode,thelocalcharacterofknowledgesystem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transform

B.spoil

C.replace

D.diminish

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.transform使改變外觀（或性質(zhì)）B.spoil破壞，搞壞，毀掉（把好的東西變成壞的、令人不快的、無(wú)用的東西）

C.replace代替，取代D.diminish減少，（使）減弱，降低（某物變小、變?nèi)酰?/p>

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】erode的意思為“逐漸毀壞，削弱，損害（摧毀某物或使其變得更弱）”，有破壞的意思，和reinforce“加強(qiáng)；加固”的意思相反，這里指信息時(shí)代的工具不會(huì)破壞知識(shí)體系的地方性，反而會(huì)鞏固和加強(qiáng)其地方性，spoil表示破壞和毀掉，與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符；

D選項(xiàng)側(cè)重于減弱，沒有到破壞的地步，詞義不同。

【句意】信息時(shí)代的工具可以鞏固加強(qiáng)而不是破壞知識(shí)體系的地方性。

9.單選題

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweektorevengethemselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear’sdefeat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retaliate

B.recover

C.repel

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)retaliate“報(bào)復(fù)”；B選項(xiàng)recover“恢復(fù)；彌補(bǔ)；重新獲得”；C選項(xiàng)repel“擊退；抵制；使厭惡；使不愉快”；D選項(xiàng)defend“辯護(hù)；防護(hù)”。句意：目前狀態(tài)不佳的西班牙隊(duì)將在下周全力以赴，為去年的失利向德國(guó)隊(duì)報(bào)仇。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞revenge“報(bào)復(fù)；替……報(bào)仇；洗雪”，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Noverysatisfactoryaccountofthemechanismthatcausedtheformationoftheoceanbasinshasyetbeengiven.Thetraditionalviewsupposesthattheuppermantleoftheearthbehavesasaliquidwhenitissubjectedtosmallforcesforlongperiodsandthatdifferencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinentsaresufficienttoproduceconvectioninthemantleoftheearthwithrisingconvectioncurrentsunderthemidoceanridgesandsinkingcurrentsunderthecontinents.Theoretically,thisconvectionwouldcarrythecontinentalplatesalongasthoughtheywereonaconveyorbeltandwouldprovidetheforcesneededtoproducethesplitthatoccursalongtheridge.Thisviewmaybecorrect;ithastheadvantagethatthecurrentsaredrivenbytemperaturedifferencesthatthemselvesdependonthepositionofthecontinents.Suchabackcoupling,inwhichthepositionofthemovingplatehasanimpactontheforcesthatmoveit,couldproducecomplicatedandvaryingmotions.

Ontheotherhand,thetheoryisimplausiblebecauseconvectiondoesnotnormallyoccuralonglines,anditcertainlydoesnotoccuralonglinesbrokenbyfrequentoffsetsorchangesindirection,astheridgeis.AlsoitisdifficulttoseehowthetheoryappliestotheplatebetweentheMid-AtlanticRidgeandtheridgeintheIndianOcean.Thisplateisgrowingonbothsides,andsincethereisonintermediatetrenchthetworidgesmustbemovingapart.Itwouldbeoddiftherisingconvectioncurrentskeptexactpacewiththem.Atlantictheoryisthatthesinkingpartoftheplate,whichisdenserthanthehottersurroundingmantle,pullstherestoftheplateafterit.AgainitisdifficulttoseehowthisappliestotheridgeintheSouthAtlantic,whereneithertheAfricannortheAmericanplatehasasinkingpart.

Anotherpossibilityisthatthesinkingplatecoolstheneighboringmantleandproducesconvectioncurrentsthatmovetheplates.Thislasttheoryisattractivebecauseitgivessomehopeofexplainingtheenclosedseas,suchastheSeaofJapan.Theseseashaveatypicaloceanicfloor,exceptthatthefloorisoverlaidbyseveralkilometersofsediment.TheirFloorshaveprobablybeensinkingforlongperiods.Itseemspossiblethatasinkingcurrentofcooledmantlematerialontheuppersideoftheplatemightbethecauseofsuchdeepbasins.Theenclosedseasareanimportantfeatureoftheearth’ssurfaceandseriouslyrequireexplanationbecause,inadditiontotheenclosedseasthataredevelopingatpresentbehindislandarcs;thereareanumberofolderonesofpossiblysimilarorigin;suchastheGulfofMexico,theBlackSea.andperhapsthenNorthSea.

1.Accordingtothetraditionalviewoftheoriginoftheoceanbasins,whichofthefollowingissufficienttomovethecontinentalplates?

2.Theauthorreferstoa“conveyorbelt”(Lines5,Para.1)inorderto（

）.

3.Theauthorregardsthetraditionalviewoftheoriginoftheoceanbasin

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingareseparatedbyaplatethatisgrowingonbothsides?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Spreadingofoceantrenches.

B.Movementofmid-oceanridges.

C.Sinkingofoceanbasins.

D.Differencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinents.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheeffectsofconvectioninthemantle.

B.showhowtemperaturedifferencesdependonthepositionsofthecontinent

C.demonstratethelinearoftheMidAtlanticRidge

D.describethecomplicatedmotionsmadepossiblybybackcoupling

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.guardedskepticism

B.absoluteindifference

C.indignantanger

D.completedisbelief

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ThePacificOceanandtheSeaofJapan.

B.TheSouthAtlanticRidgeandtheNorthSeaRidge.

C.TheGulfofMexicoandtheSouthAtlanticRidge.

D.TheMidAtlanticRidgeandtheIndianOceanRidge

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Thetraditionalviewsupposesthat…underthecontinents.傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，當(dāng)?shù)厍虻纳系蒯ｉL(zhǎng)時(shí)間受到微力的作用會(huì)變成液體，以及海洋和大陸的溫差在地球的地幔中足以產(chǎn)生對(duì)流，海洋中脊下的對(duì)流上升，大陸下的對(duì)流下降?！庇纱丝芍?，是海洋與大陸的溫差造成了板塊的移動(dòng)，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“conveyorbelt”定位到第一段第三句“Theoretically,thisconvectionwouldcarrythecontinentalplatesalongasthoughtheywereonaconveyorbeltandwouldprovidetheforcesneededtoproducethesplitthatoccursalongtheridge.理論上來說，這種對(duì)流會(huì)帶動(dòng)大陸板塊，就像在傳送帶上一樣，并提供洋脊產(chǎn)生分裂所需的動(dòng)力。”由此可知，作者把對(duì)流運(yùn)動(dòng)比喻成傳送帶，是為了說明對(duì)流運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的影響，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文中所提及的“Thisviewmaybecorrect”以及“Ontheotherhand,thetheoryisimplausible（難以置信的）…”說明作者對(duì)傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度是持保留意見的懷疑，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“growingonbothsides”定位到第二段第三句“Thisplateisgrowingonbothsides.”這里的“this”即上文提及的“theMid-AtlanticRidgeandtheridgeintheIndianOcean”，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

11.單選題

（

）foryourhelp,we’dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Haditnot

B.Ifitwerenot

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Ifwehadnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣倒裝。當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were、should、had時(shí)，if可省略，而將were、should、had等詞置于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

句意：如果沒有你的幫助，我們永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法克服這些困難。

12.單選題

XI.IntellectualPropertyLaw

Section106oftheCopyrightActgrants“theownerofcopyrightunderthistitle”certain“exclusiverights,”includingtheright“todistributecopies...ofthecopyrightedworktothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership.”Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.Thosesections,typicallyentitled“Limitationsonexclusiverights,”include,forexample,theprincipleof“fairuse”(107),permissionforlimitedlibraryarchivalreproduction,(108),andthedoctrineatissuehere,the“firstsale”doctrine(109).

Section109(a)setsforththe“firstsale”doctrineasfollows:“Notwithstandingtheprovisionsofsection106(3)[thesectionthatgrantstheownerexclusivedistributionrights],theownerofaparticularcopyorphonorecordlawfullymadeunderthistitle…isentitled,withouttheauthorityofthecopyrightowner,tosellorotherwisedisposeofthepossessionofthatcopyorphonorecord”,Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,109(a)addsthat,onceacopyofHerzoghasbeenlawfullysold(oritsownershipotherwiselawfullytransferred),thebuyerofthatcopyandsubsequentownersarefreetodisposeofitastheywish.Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.

What,however,ifthecopyofHerzogwasprintedabroadandtheninitiallysoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?Doesthe“firstsale”doctrinestillapply?IsthebuyerfreetobringthecopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitasheorshewishes?Toputthemattertechnically,an“importation”provision,602(a)(1),saysthat“importationintotheUnitedStates,withouttheauthorityoftheownerofcopyrightunderthistitle,ofcopies...ofaworkthathavebeenacquiredoutsidetheUnitedStatesisaninfringementoftheexclusiverighttodistributecopies…undersection106…”Thus602(a)(1)makesclearthatimportingacopywithoutpermissionviolatestheowner’sexclusivedistributionright.Butindoingso,602(a)(1)refersexplicitlytothe106(3)exclusivedistributionright.Aswehavejustsaid,106isbyitsterms“subjectto”thevariousdoctrinesandprinciplescontainedin107through122,including109(a)’s“firstsale”limitation.Dothosesamemodificationsapply—inparticular,doesthe“firstsale”modificationapply—whenconsideringwhether602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?

1.Whichwordisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“qualified”inthefirstparagraph?

2.Fromthesecondparagraph,onecanknowthatthe“firstsale”doctrine___.

3.Whatquestionistheauthoraskinginthelastparagraph?

4.Fromtheaboveparagraphs,weknowthatthestatementof___isnottrue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restricted

B.limited

C.eligible

D.certified

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.permitsownerofaparticularcopytodisposeofitastheywish

B.isacopyrightjargonthatordinarypeopledonotuse

C.setslimitationtoacopyrightowner’sexclusivedistributionright

D.forbidsdistributionofacopyofthecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.WastheHerzogprintedabroadandthensoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?

B.IsthebuyerfreetobringacopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitashe/shewishes?

C.Does602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?

D.Doesthe“firstsale”doctrineapplywhenacopyisinitiallysoldabroadwiththepermissionofthecopyrightowner?

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Acopyrightowner’sdistributionrightisunlimited.

B.107through122containvariousdoctrinesandprincipleslimitingtherightsconferredby106.

C.602(a)(1)grantsacopyrightownerimportationright.

D.Copyrightsconferredby106arenotunlimited.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.（然而，這些權(quán)利是有限制的，這些限制將在法案接下來的107至122節(jié)中提出），根據(jù)句子中l(wèi)imitations“限制；局限性”可推測(cè)qualified表示“限制”，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；A選項(xiàng)“限制；約束；限定（強(qiáng)調(diào)約束，這種約束大多來自法律等約束性文件）”；B選項(xiàng)“限制；限定（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間，范圍，數(shù)量的限制）”；C選項(xiàng)“合格的，合適的；符合條件的；有資格當(dāng)選的”；D選項(xiàng)“證明；保證”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner