涉外商務(wù)合同翻譯中句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換總結(jié)市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

涉外商務(wù)協(xié)議翻譯中

句子成份轉(zhuǎn)換主語轉(zhuǎn)換：1主語轉(zhuǎn)換為謂語原文主語為動作性名詞，且采取被動語態(tài)。譯成漢語時(shí)，須將英語被動語態(tài)調(diào)整為漢語主動語態(tài)，進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換翻譯。如：1）Partialshipmentsshallbepermitteduponpresentationofacleansetofshippingdocument.能夠允許分批發(fā)貨，但須提供一套明確裝運(yùn)單據(jù)。Deliverymustbeeffectedwithinthetimestatedonthepurchaseorder,otherwisetheBuyermayatitsoptioncanceltheorderwithoutcosttohim,andchargetheSellerforanylossincurredasaresultofthelatter’sfailuretomakesuchdelivery.賣方必須在購貨訂單要求時(shí)間內(nèi)交貨，不然，買方可取消協(xié)議，而不負(fù)擔(dān)任何損失，并要求賣方賠償由不交貨所造成一切損失。主語轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語原文主語往往為普通名詞，且經(jīng)常采取被動語態(tài)。譯成漢語時(shí)，將英語被動語態(tài)改譯成漢語主動語態(tài)，主語轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語。如：ShouldallorpartoftheContractanditsappendicesbeunabletobefulfilledowingtothefaultofoneparty,thebreachingpartyshallbeartheresponsibilitiesthuscaused.因?yàn)橐环竭^失，致使不能推行或不能完全推行本協(xié)議及其附件時(shí)，由果實(shí)方負(fù)擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。IfanytermsandconditionsofthisContractarebreachedandthebreachisnotcorrectedbythebreachingpartywithin30daysafterawrittennoticethereofisgivenbytheotherparty,thenthenonbreachingpartyshallhavetheoptiontoterminatethisContractbygivingwrittennoticethereoftothebreachingparty.假如一方違反本協(xié)議任何條款，而且在接到另一方書面通知后30天內(nèi)不給予補(bǔ)救，未違約方有權(quán)選擇向違約方書面通知終止協(xié)議。主語轉(zhuǎn)換為定語假如主語和賓語之間關(guān)系親密，或賓語本身就是主語一部分，譯成漢語時(shí)，為使譯文符合漢語表示習(xí)慣，往往把原文主語轉(zhuǎn)換為定語。如：EachPartyisliabletotheJointVentureCompanyonlyuptothelimitofthecapitalsubscribedbyit.各方對合資企業(yè)責(zé)任以各自認(rèn)繳出資額為限。TheGuaranteePeriodshallstartfromtheexactdateonwhichthePurchaserreceivesnotificationinwritingfromtheVendorthatPlantisreadyfordispatchfromtheWorks.擔(dān)保期限詳細(xì)日期自買方收到賣方發(fā)出，通知隨時(shí)可從工廠發(fā)運(yùn)書面通知起開始計(jì)算。2賓語轉(zhuǎn)換賓語轉(zhuǎn)換為主語協(xié)議英語中一些動詞賓語，在邏輯上是應(yīng)說明主體，為使其突出和醒目，翻譯時(shí)普通將其轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語主語。如:PartyAshallsendtwiceitstechnicalpersonneltoPartyB’sfactoryfortraining,andthetotalnumberoftheparticipantsshallnotexceed320(excludingtheinterpreter).甲方技術(shù)人員將分兩批赴乙方接收培訓(xùn)，參加培訓(xùn)人員不超出320人（翻譯人員除外）。TheSellershalldelivertheEquipmentandMaterialsinaccordancewiththeContractfromthe19(nineteenth)monthtothe27(twenty-seventh)monthfromthedateofthesigningtheContractin5(five)lots.依據(jù)協(xié)議，賣方設(shè)備和材料應(yīng)該自協(xié)議簽署之日起第19個(gè)至27個(gè)月內(nèi)分五批交付。賓語轉(zhuǎn)換為謂語假如原文謂語動詞不易處理成漢語謂語，而原文中賓語又是含有動作意義名詞，那么在漢譯時(shí)能夠?qū)⒃闹匈e語轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語謂語，或與原文動詞一起合譯為漢語謂語。如：TheLicenserwill,atitsowncost,takesuchactionstoeliminateinfringementoftheLicensedPatentsasmaybereasonablynecessaryandproperinitsownopinion.許可方應(yīng)在其認(rèn)為有必要時(shí)候，以適當(dāng)方式，自費(fèi)采取行動，消除對特許專利侵權(quán)。TheSellershallmakedeliveryofthegoodsstrictlywithintheperiodstipulatedherein.Intheeventofdelayindelivery,theBuyermaycanceltheContractandclaimdamagesforbreachoftheContract.賣方應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格按照要求期限交貨，若遲交，買方有權(quán)撤消本協(xié)議，并要求賣方對由此所造成損失進(jìn)行賠償。表語轉(zhuǎn)換表語轉(zhuǎn)換為主語在英語中，當(dāng)用名詞作表語時(shí)，主語和表語所表示內(nèi)容往往是一致。在譯成漢語時(shí)，為使上下文連貫，或突出表語所述內(nèi)容，可將原文句中表語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語主語。如：ThisisthefinalarbitrationawardandbindingonbothContractingParties.這一仲裁是終局性，對雙方都有約束力。AgentorientedtowardasinglegeographicmarketsearchingforproductstoimportandmarketinthehomeCountryisanimportagent.進(jìn)口代理商是面向某一個(gè)地域市場，尋找能進(jìn)口到本國銷售產(chǎn)品代理人。表語轉(zhuǎn)換為謂語當(dāng)介詞短語作表語時(shí)，普通都應(yīng)選擇一個(gè)適當(dāng)漢語動詞作為謂語，這么有利于處理譯文。如：Inthecourseofarbitration,theContractshallbecontinuouslyexecutedbybothpartiesexceptthepartoftheContractwhichisunderarbitration.在仲裁過程中，除了正在仲裁部分條款外，協(xié)議其它條款應(yīng)繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。WHEREASPartyBisintherealestatebusiness,andthetwoPartiesareinconsiderationofthemutualconveniencesandagreetoenterintothisContractunderthetermsandconditionssetforthasfollows:鑒于乙方經(jīng)營房地產(chǎn)業(yè)務(wù)，雙方考慮相互便利，同意按以下條款簽署本協(xié)議。定語轉(zhuǎn)換定語轉(zhuǎn)換為謂語在漢語中，形容詞是能夠作謂語。所以，當(dāng)英語形容詞作前置定語時(shí)，極難將其譯成通順漢語。此時(shí)，假如將定語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語謂語，使之和所修飾名詞一起組成漢語主謂詞組，則可使譯文流暢規(guī)范。如：ThesampleofthemachinesubmittedbytheSellerisfeaturedbynovelshape,easyoperation,highcalorificefficiencyandlowfuelconsumption.賣方提交樣機(jī)特點(diǎn)是造型新奇、操作簡便、熱效率高、油耗低。Welookforwardtoanever-increasingvolumeofbusinesswithyourglassfactories.我方期望與你方玻璃廠交易額日益增高。定語轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語在英語中，假如將某一含有動作意義名詞轉(zhuǎn)移為漢語動詞，那么，原來名詞前形容詞或分詞坐定語，即可轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語狀語。如：Anydisputesarisingfromtheexecutionof,orinconnectionwiththeContractshallbesettledthroughfriendlyconsultationsbetweenbothParties.Incasenosettlementcanbereachedthroughconsultations,thedisputesshallbesubmittedforarbitration.凡由執(zhí)行本協(xié)議所發(fā)生或與本協(xié)議相關(guān)一切爭議，雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商處理，假如協(xié)商不能處理，應(yīng)提交仲裁。TheJointVenture’sproductstobesoldinChinamaybehandledbytheChineseMaterialsandCommercialDepartmentsbymeansofagencyorexclusivesales,ordirectsalesbytheJointVentureCompany.合資企業(yè)內(nèi)銷產(chǎn)品可由中國物資部門和商業(yè)部門代銷或包銷，或由合資企業(yè)直接銷售。涉外商務(wù)協(xié)議中被動語態(tài)翻譯1將動作發(fā)出者轉(zhuǎn)換為主語在協(xié)議英語中一些被動句子中，往往出現(xiàn)由by和/或between引發(fā)短語，在句中作狀語，其中名詞是本句包括行為當(dāng)事人，為突出句中動作發(fā)出者，可將它轉(zhuǎn)換為主語。如：ThisContractismadebyandbetweentheBuyerandtheSeller,wherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestoselltheundermentionedcommoditysubjecttothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow.買賣雙方同意按以下條款購置、出售下述商品，并簽署本協(xié)議。AllthepaymentsshallbemadeintheU.S.CurrencybytheBuyertotheSellerbytelegraphictransfertotheSeller’sdesignatedaccountwiththeBankofChina,Beijing,China.買方應(yīng)以美元支付貸款，并以電匯方式匯至賣方指定在中國銀行北京分行賬戶。2將句中某一狀語轉(zhuǎn)換為主語，如：Theestablished,remunerationandexpensesofthestaffofthepreparationandconstructionoffice,whenagreedbybothparties,shallbecoveredintheprojectbudget.經(jīng)甲乙雙方同意后，工程預(yù)算應(yīng)包含籌建工作人員編制、酬勞及經(jīng)費(fèi)。3譯成漢語主動語態(tài)，如：TheSellershallnotbeheldresponsibleforlatedeliveryornon-deliveryofthegoodsowingtogenerallyrecognizedForceMajeurecauses.由所公認(rèn)不可抗力原因造成拖延交貨或不交貨，賣方不負(fù)責(zé)任。TheSellershallbeentitledtoterminatethisContractintheeventoffailurebytheBuyertocomplywithanytermsorconditionsstatedinthisArticle.假如買方違反本條所要求條件，賣方有權(quán)終止此協(xié)議。4譯成被動句，如：ThetermforthetechnologytransferagreementissignedbytheJointVentureCompanyandPartyBanditshallbeapprovedbytheapprovalauthority.技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議期限由合資企業(yè)與乙方簽署并經(jīng)審批機(jī)關(guān)同意。Alltaxes,customsdutiesandotherexcisesarisinginconnectionwiththeperformanceoftheContractoutsidetheterritoryofPartyA’sCountryshallbebornebyPartyB.凡因推行本協(xié)議而在甲方國家以外發(fā)生一切稅費(fèi)，均由乙方負(fù)擔(dān)。5Itis+p.p.結(jié)構(gòu)固定翻譯，如：ItismutuallyagreedthatthecertificateofqualityandquantityorweightissuedbythemanufacturershallbepartofthedocumentforpaymentwiththeadoptedLetterofCredit.雙方同意制造商出具質(zhì)量、數(shù)量或重量檢驗(yàn)證實(shí)書作為相關(guān)信用證項(xiàng)下付款單據(jù)之一。ItisessentiallystressedthattheBuyerarerequestedtosignandreturntheduplicateofthisContractwithin3daysfromthedateofreceipt.Intheeventoffailuretodothis,theSellerreservetherighttocanceltheContract.必須強(qiáng)調(diào)，買方應(yīng)于收到本協(xié)議之日起3天內(nèi)簽字并退還協(xié)議副本，如買方不這么做，賣方保留取消協(xié)議權(quán)利。Practice:1.本協(xié)議自買方和建造方簽署之日生效。2.雙方都應(yīng)恪守協(xié)議要求。3.雙方一切活動都應(yīng)恪守協(xié)議要求。1.ThisContractshallcomeintoforcefromthedateofexecutionhereofbytheBuyerandtheBuilder.2.Bothpartiesshallabidebythecontractualstipulations.3.Alltheactivitiesofbothparti