定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別

定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別一、定語從句是形容詞從句，其作用相當于一個形容詞，是用來修飾前面的名詞或代詞的；同位語從句是名詞從句，其作用相當于一個名詞，是對前面的名詞作進一步解釋的。例如：1．Weheardthenewsthathehadtoldher.我們聽到他對她說的消息。2．Weheardthenewsthathehadwonthegame.我們聽到消息他贏得了比賽。例1中的that從句的作用相當于一個形容詞，其作用是修飾thenews；例2中的that從句的作用相當于一個名詞，是對thenews的進一步說明。二、定語從句的引導詞在從句中充當一定的成分，可作主語、賓語、狀語等；而同位語從句中的引導詞在從句只起連接作用，不作任何句子成分。例如：Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.飛機是一種能飛的機器。Thefactthattheydidn'tfinishtheworkhastobefaced.必須面對事實，他們沒有完成工作。例1中的引導詞that在從句中充當句子成分，作從句的主語，故為定語從句；例2中的that只起連接作用，引導從句解釋fact的內容，不作任何句子成分，故為同位語從句。三、引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞在從句中作賓語或狀語時，可以省略或被其他詞代替；而同位語從句的引導詞一般不能省略，更不能被代替。例如：Thenewsthatsheheardistrue.她聽到的消息是真的。Thenewsthatshewillgoabroadistrue.她將出國這消息是真的。例1是定語從句，that可省略；例2是同位語從句，that不能省略。Thereasonwhyhewaschosenremainsunknown.他為什么被選上的原因還是不清楚。Theideawhyhewaschosenattractedourattention.他為什么會被選上，這一想法引起我們的注意。例3中why引導的是定語從句，why可以被forwhich或that代替；例4中why引導的是同位語從句，why不能省去，也不能被其它詞代替。四、同位語從句與其所修飾的名詞之間是一種同位關系，二者之間存在邏輯上的系表關系，可用“主+系+表”結構來表示。例如：Thenewsthathewonthefirstplaceistrue.他贏得冠軍的那個消息是真的。上句若用“主+系+表”結構來表示，則是：Thenewsisthathewonthefirstplace.消息是他贏得了冠軍。意思合理，系表結構成立，故為同位語從句。五、定語從句所修飾、限定的先行詞可以是各類名詞，可以有復數(shù)形式；而同位語從句一般都與抽象名詞同位，一般沒有復數(shù)形式。例如：Thepossibilitiesthatshewasofferedseemedverygreat.她得到的可能性似乎大些。Hermotherwasworriedaboutthepossibilitythatherdaughterdisliketogotoschool.她的母親很擔心，她女兒有可能不喜歡上學。例1中的possibilities是定語從句的先行詞，可用復數(shù)形式；例2中的possibility是抽象名詞，后接的是同位語從句，一般不用復數(shù)形式。六、由when,why,where引導的定語從句分別修飾或說明表示時間、原因或地點的詞，但它們引導的同位語從句一般不和表示時間或地點的詞同位。例如：1.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.我仍然記得初次來北京的那天。2.Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.我不知道她何時回來。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.這是我兩年前住的房子。Thequestionwhereweshallhaveameetinghasn'tdecided.我們到什么地方去開會，這個問題沒有決定。例1、3中的when和where引導的是定語從句，day和house分別表示時間和地點;例2、4中的when和where引導的是同位語從句。同位語從句練習題factsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.facthewassuccessfulproveshisability.newshewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.whatsuggestionthemeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.C./havenoideahewillstart.D./'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessagethemeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.thoughthemightfailintheexamworriedhim.ordertheprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.nursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfearhewoulddieofthedisease.whichoftenaskedmethequestionoftenaskedmethequestiontheworkwasworthdoing.名詞性從句一、語法知識（一）,主語從句由what等代詞引導的從句,表示”所…的（東西）”，實際上等于一個現(xiàn)行詞加上一個定語從句.也可以由-ever等代詞引導.Whattheyaretalkingaboutisnothingvaluable.WhatIreallywantistohaveagoodrest.Whatevershedidiswrong.Whoeverpassestheexamcanget50yuan.Whoeverusedtohaveanothernameraiseyourhand.由that引導的從句,通常用形式主語來代替.Thathehasdisappearedworrieshisparents.Itworrieshisparentsthathehasdisappeared.Itisnotlikelythathecanwinthelottery.Itisabigsurprisethatheisstillalive.由連接代詞或連接副詞或whether引導的從句.Whenshewillbebackisstillaquestion.Wheretheyhadputthefilestroubledthespy.Whetherhewilltakepartintheplayisclear.WhetherornotshewillgotoJapanisuptoher.（二）,賓語從句由連接代詞或副詞引起的從句.Pleaseshowmehowtomakehimhappy.Idon'tknowwhodidallthecleaning.HaveyoudecidedwhomyouwilltaketoAustraliaShestillwonderedwhenshewouldleaveschool.Iamwonderingwhether/ifthedressistooshort.HeadvisedmewhichbooksIshouldread.還可以做介詞的賓語.Thesingerstillworriesaboutwheretolive.Thepricedependsonhowmanyyouwillbuy.2,由關系代詞型what等代詞引起的從句.IwilltellyouwhatIknow.We'llgivewhateverhelpyouneed.Iplantoreadwhicheverbookyourecommend.Hisfatherwasnotsatisfiedwithwhathehad.ShewalkeduptowhereIstood.3,由that引起的從句,在believe,think,suppose后常不加that.在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞引起的賓語從句中,有時謂語盡管是否定意思,也只將前面的詞否定.Idon'tthinkyoucanbeatme.Hedoesn'texpectweneedworry.有時在賓語和謂語之間可以插入一個間接賓語或狀語.SheremindedmethatIhadameetingtoattend.Theyexplainedtousthattheydidn'tmeantomakeusangry.有時在這種帶有復合賓語的句子中,that引起的從句常常移到后面，前面用一個it作為形式賓語.Ithoughtitveryimpossiblethatshewouldcome.Theytookitforgrantedthatthesingerwascoming.（三）,表語從句是接在系動詞后面的賓語從句.（四）,同位語從句,在idea,factrumor,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt等等詞后面,常常用that或連接代詞或副詞引導從句.Ihadnoideathattheywereinthatplane.Heleftmeamessagethathewouldbuymeatickettotherockconcert.Thenewsthatwewillhaveaone-monthvacationisnottrue.二、練習與檢測weneedmorepracticeisquiteclear.WhenB.WhatC.ThatD./Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.IfB.WhetherC.EvenifD.Nomatterwhenknowsthetruthaboutitwilltellyou.WhothatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Thatwhoheisdoingseemsquitedifficult.HowB.ThatC.WhichD.Whatcertainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.That'sB.ThisisC.It'sD.What'sthatthereisanothergoodharvestthisyear.A.ItsaysB.ItissaidC.ItwassaidD.Hewassaidthatshehasreceivedadoctor'sdegree.A.It'sasplendidnewsB.ThisisasplendidnewsC.It'ssplendidnewsD.ThisissplendidnewsItisstrange.A.thatnooneshouldlikethisbookthatnoonelikedthisbookthatwhynoonelikesthisbookwhynoonelikesthisbookItissuggestedthattheexperimentunderlowtemperature.A.makesB.ismakeC.shouldbemadeD.willbemadestillneedstobediscussed.A.HowistheplantobecarriedoutHowtheplanistobecarriedoutWhyistheplancarriedoutD.Whytheplancarriedoutisunknowntousall.A.WheredidsheputitB.WheresheputitC.ThatwheresheputitD.Inwhichsheputitnothingtodowithus.A.WhathedidisB.WhathehasdoneisC.WhatdidhedohasD.WhathehasdonehasThat'sthePartycalledonustodo.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whyShelookedsheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthoughThereasonIhavetogoisifIdon't.A.thatshewillbedisappointedbecauseshewillbedisappointedonaccountofherbeingdisappointedthatshewillbedisappointingItwasheworkedhardthathesucceeded.A.becauseB.sinceC.asD.forItseemedthatthegirl.A.hadlostimportantsomethingB.hadlostsomethingimportantC.lostimportantthingsD.lostsomethingimportantThefactheisanadvancedworkeriswellknown.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whyThefactinthepastfewyearsprovesthatourParty'spolicyiscorrect.A.thatgreatachievementwasmadewhichgreatachievementsweremadewhathavebeenmadeD.thatgreatachievementshavebeenmadeIhavenoidea.A.whatdoestheword“infinity”meanwhattheword“infinity”meanswhatthemeaningoftheword“infinity”whattheword“infinity”meanHissuggestiontoseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.A.thatwegoB.whichweshouldgoC.thatwewouldgoD.whenweshouldgoI'llcertainlytelltheEmperorpleasedIamwithit.A.howB.whatC.whoD.whomIwonderheaskedsuchasillyquestioninpublic.A.howB.whatC.thatD.whydoyouthinkwillteachusmathsnexttermA.WhomB.WhoC.WhatD.ThatIwillgivethisdictionarytowantstohaveit.A.whomeverB.whoeverC.whomD.whateverDoyouthinkisrightdifficultiesyoumayhave.A.what/howeverB.that/whatC.whatever/whoeverD.what/whateverAreyousureA.whethersheishonestB.thatsheishonestyC.sheishonestD.isshehonestHewasinterestedinhehadseenattheexhibition.A.whichB.thatC.allwhatD.allthatHeoftenthinksofhecandomoreforthefourmodernizations.A.whatB.howC.thatD.whichTakemuchyouwantandyouwantto.A.however/whenB.whenever/howC.however/whoeverD.however/whenever三、練習與檢測答案1—5CBCDC6—10BCACB11—15BDADA16—20ABCDB21—25AADBB26—30DCDBD二、用適當?shù)倪B詞填空：Ican'tdecidedictionaryIshouldbuy.That'sherefusedmyinvitation.Iamveryinterestedinhehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.weneedismoretime.Thefactshehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.andtheywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.Pleasetellmeyouarewaitingfor.IsthatyouarelookingforWouldyoupleasetellmethenearestpostofficeisIdon'tknowhewillagreetotheplanornot.定語從句練習改錯Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.ThisisthewatchforwhichTomislooking.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofG