2022年公共英語(yǔ)考試真題卷三18測(cè)

2022年公共英語(yǔ)考試真題卷三（本卷共分為1大題50小題,作答時(shí)間為180分鐘,總分100分,60分及格。）單位: 姓名: 考號(hào):題號(hào)單選題多項(xiàng)選擇判斷題綜合題總分分值得分ー、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共50題,每題2分。每題的備選項(xiàng)中,只有一個(gè)最符合題意）1.IfwomenaremerciIessIyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestobIame.BecausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpubIicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangesoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfulIofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheinternationalcreationofwaste.ManywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplacecIothesthathavehardlybeenworn.WomenwhocannotaffordtothrowawaycIothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.SkirtsareIengthenedorshortened;neck-1inesareloweredorraised,andsoon.Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.FashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingsIikewarmth,comfortanddurabiIity.TheyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwiIIputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn'tatsometimeinhisIifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeIedshoes.Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen'sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicquaIitiesofinconstancyandinstabiIityMenaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.DotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicquaIitiesofstabiIityandreliabilityThatisforyoutodecide.Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney.bymercilesslyexploitingwomenworkersintheclothingindustrybecausetheyarecapableofpredictingnewfashionsbyconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen'sclothingbecausetheyattachgreaterimportancetoqualityinwomen'sclothin2.RealpoIicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirIivesandwhattheyseeonTV.Thesearesimilarities,ofcourse,butthecopsdon'tthinkmuchofthem.Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman'srealIiferevolvesroundthelaw.Mostofhistrainingisincriminallaw,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownanaIIeyaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.LittleofhistimeisspentinchattingtoascantiIy-cIadorindramaticconfrontationwithdesperatecriminals.HewiIIspendmostofhisworkingIifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiIty-ornot-ofstupid,pettycrimes.Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminalsassoonashe'sarrested,thestoryisover.InrealIife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblemexceptinveryseriouscasesIikemurdersandterroristattacks-whosefailuretoproduceresultsreflectsonthestandingofthepolice.Thepolicehaveanelaboratemachinerywhicheventuallyshowsupmostwantedmen.Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.MuchofthishastobegivenbypeopIewhodon'twanttogetinvoIvedinacourtcase.So,asweIIasbeingoverworked,adetectivehastobeoutatalIhoursofthedayandnightinterviewinghiswitnessesandpersuadingthem,usuaIIyagainsttheirownbestinterests,tohelphim.AthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantmoraltwiIightinwhichtherealoneIives.Detectivesaresubjecttotwoopposingpressures:first,asmembersofapoIiceforcetheyalwayshavetogetresults.Second,theyhavetoobservetherules.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.MostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmaIIways.ItisessentialforapoIicemantobetrainedincriminallaw.sothathecancatchcriminalsinthestreetsbecausemanyofthecriminalshehastocatcharedangeroussothathecanjustifyhisarrestsincourtbecausehehastoknownearlyasmuchaboutasaprofessionallawyerThehealingpowerofmaggotsisnotnew.Humanbeingshavediscovereditseveraltimes.TheMayaaresaidtohaveusedmaggotsfortherapeuticpurposesathousandyearsago.AsearIyasthesixteenthcentury,Europeandoctorsnoticedthatsoldierswithmaggot-infestedwoundsheaIedwell.Morerecently,doctorshaverealizedthatmaggotscanbecheaperandmoreeffectivethandrugsinsomerespects,andthesesquirminglarvaehave,attimes,enjoyedaquietmedicaIrenaissance.Theproblemmayhavemoretodowiththeweakstomachsofthoseusingthemthanwithgoodscience.ThemodernheydayofmaggottherapybeganduringWorldWarI,whenanAmericandoctornamedWilliamBayerwasshockedtonoticethattwosoldierswhohadlainonabattIefieIdforaweekwhiletheirabdominalwouldbecameinfestedwiththousandsofmaggots,hadrecoveredbetterthanwoundedmentreatedinthemiIitaryhospital.Afterthewar,BayerprovedtothemedicaIestabIishmentthatmaggotscouldcuresomeofthetoughestinfections.Inthe1930shundredsofhospitalsusedmaggottherapy.Maggottherapyrequirestherightkindoflarvae.OnlythemaggotsofbIowfIies(afamiIythatincIudescommonbIuebottIesandgreenbottIes)wi11dothejob;theydevourdeadtissue,whetherinanopenwoundorinacorpse.Someothermaggots,ontheotherhand,suchasthoseofthescrewwormeatIivetissue.Theymustbeavoided.WhenbIowfIyeggshatchinapatient'swound,themaggotseatthedeadfleshwheregangrene-causingbacteriathrive.TheyalsoexcretecompoundsthatareIethaItobacteriatheydon'thappentoswallow.MeanwhiIe,theyignoreIiveflesh,andinfact,giveitagentIegrowth-stimuIatingmassagesimplybycrawlingoverit.Whentheymetamorphoseintoflies,theyleavewithoutatrace-althoughintheprocess,theymightupsetthehospitalstaffastheysquirmaroundinaIivepatient.Whensulfadrugs,thefirstantibiotics,emergedaroundthetimeofWorldWarII,maggottherapyquicklyfadedintoobscurity.WhydidtheauthorwritethepassageBecauseoftheresistancetousingthebenefitsofmaggots.TodemonstratetheimportantcontributionofWilliamBayer.Tooutlinethehealingpowerofmaggots.Toexplaintreatmentusedbeforethefirstantibiotics.TestinghasrepIacedteachinginmostpubIicschooIs.MyownchiIdren'sschooIweekisframedbypretests,drills,tests,andretests.Theyknowthatthebestwaytoreadatextbookistolookatthequestionsattheendofthechapterandthenskimthetextfortheanswers.IbeIievethatmydaughterErica,whogetsexceIIentmarks,hasneverreadachapterofanyofherschooItextbooksalIthewaythrough.Andteachersareoftenheardtostateproudlyandopenlythattheyteachtothemandatedstatetest.Teachingtothetestisacuriousphenomenon.InsteadofdecidingwhatskillsstudentsoughttoIearn,helpingstudentsIearnthem,andthenusingsomesensiblemethodsofassessmenttodiscoverwhetherstudentshavemasteredtheskills,teachersareencouragedtoreversetheprocess.FirstonelooksatacommerciallyavaiIabletest.Thenonedistillstheskillsneedednottomasterreading,say,ormath,buttodoweIIonthetest.Finally,thetestskillsaretaught.TheabilitytoreadorwriteorcaIcuIatemightimplytheabilitytodoreasonablywe11onstandardizedtests.However,neitherreadingnorwritingdeveIopssimplythroughbeingtaughttotaketests.WemustbecarefultoavoidmistakingpreparationforatestofaskiIIwiththeacquisitionofthatskill.ToomanydiscussionsofbasicskillsmakethisfundamentaIconfusionbecausepeopIearetestobsessedratherthanconcernedwiththenatureandquaIityofwhatistaught.RecentIymanyschooIshavefacedwhatcouldbecalledthecrisisofcomprehensionor,insimpleterms,thephenomenonofstudentswithphonicandgrammarskillsstillbeingunabletounderstandwhattheyread.Thesestudentsarecompetentattesttakingandfillinginworkbooksanddittomasters.However,theyhaveIittIeornoexperiencereadingorthinking,andtalkingaboutwhattheyread.TheyknowthedetaiIsbutcan'tseeorunderstandthewhole.Theyaretaughttobesoconcernedwithgradethattheyhavenotimeoreaseofmindtothinkaboutmeaning,andrereadthingsifnecessary.TheauthorgivesanaccountofErica'sperformanceinherstudyinorderto.illustrateherclevernessintest-takingrevealtheincompetenceofteachersshowthereissomethingwrongwithcurrentpracticeinteachingD.demonstratethebestwaytoreadtextbooksTherearetwotypesofpeopIeintheworld.AlthoughtheyhaveequaldegreesofhealthandwealthandtheothercomfortsofIife,onebecomeshappy,theotherbecomesmiserable.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings,persons,theevents,andtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.ThepeopIewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconveniencesofthings,thepleasantpartsofconversation,theweII-prepareddishes,thegoodnessofthewines,andthefineweather.TheyenjoyalIthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyofthecontrarythings.Therefore,theyarecontinuallydiscontented.Bytheirremarks,theysourthepleasuresofsociety,offendmanypeople,andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwerefoundedinnature,suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation.Itgrowsintoahabit,unknowntoitspossessor.Thehabitmaybestrong,butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitareconvineedofitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.IhopethisIittIewarmingmaybeofservicetothem,andhelpthemchangethishabit.Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimagination,ithasseriousconsequencesinIife,sinceitbrings,ondeepsorrowandbadluck.ThosepeopIeoffendmanyothers,nobodylovesthem,andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect,andscarcelythat.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatobtainingsomeadvantageinrankorfortune,nobodywishesthemsuccess.NorwiIIanyonespeakawordtofavortheirhopes.IftheybringonthemselvespubIicdisapproval,notonewiIIdefendorexcusethem.ThesepeopIeshouIdchangethisbadhabit.Iftheydonot,itwi11begoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Inthesecondparagraph,theexpression"sourthepleasuresofsociety"means.makethepleasuresofsocietydisappeardonotenjoythepleasuresofsocietydenytheexistenceofthepleasuresofsocietycriticizethesocietybecauseofitslackofpleasures6.ThereisanewtypeofsmaIIadvertisementbecomingincreasinglycommoninnewspaperclassifiedcolumns.ItissometimespIacedamong"situationsvacant1',althoughitdoesnotofferanyoneajob,andsometimesitappearsamong"situationsvacant",althoughitisnotpIacedbysomeoneIookingforajobeither.Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob."Contactusbeforewritingyourapplication,"or"Makeuseofourlongexperienceinpreparingyourcurriculumvitaeorjobhistory,"ishowitisusuallyexpressed.Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunempIoyment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(orjobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowquaIifyasartforminitsownright.Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication."Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams,HwasabouttheaverageleverofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopIeapplyingfortheirjobswhenIleftschooI.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,andeverythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.AndinthosedaysoffuIIempIoymentthetechniqueworked.TheletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwereavaiIableforwork.Youreagerfaceandinte11igentrepliesdidtherest.Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingsIightIymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmightbetheaggressiveapproach."'Yoursearchisover.IamthepersonyouareIookingfor,“wasawidelyusedtrickthatoccasionallysucceeded.Oritmightbesomespecialfeaturespeciallydesignedforthejobinview.Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitistheincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatalIpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofthecurriculumvitae.ThenewtypeofadvertisementwhichisappearinginnewspapercoIrmsjobhuntersoftheopportunitiesavailablepromisesusefuladvicetothoselookingforemploymentdividesavailablejobsintovarioustypesinformsemployersthatpeopleareavailableforwork7.Crimeisasubjectonwhichpeoplehavestrongopinions.SomebeIievesocietycreatescriminals;othersthinktheprisonsystemisatfault.Othersstillsayitisindividualswhoaretoblame.Thetruthisthatwedon'treallyknowwhatmakespeopleturntocrime,butitseemsIikeIythatitisacombinationoftheabovefactors,ratherthanasinglecause.Thereis,however,onethingwecanbesureof:whencrimefalls-somethingwhichadmittedlydoesn'thappenveryoften-everypoliticianaroundwiIIclaimcreditforit.PresidentCIintonwasthefirsttodoso.DuringtheAmericanPresidentialcampaignin1996,hecIaimedhisgovernmentwasresponsibleforfalIingcrimeratesintheU.S.whichhadbeendroppingforfiveyearsinarow."Wearemakingadifference,“hedeclared"ourneighborhoodsaresafer,andwearebringingbacktheAmericanPeople'sconfidencethatcrimecanbereduced.MAtfirstsight,onemightbetemptedtobeIievehim,particularlyifonelooksatthesituationinNewYork.Here,manyneighborhoodswhichusedtobecrime-riddenarecertainlysafer.Lastyear,fewerthan1000peopIewerekilledintheBigAppIe.ThisistheIowestrecordednumbersince1968,andlessthanhalfthenumberrecordedin1990,when2245diedasaresultofcrime.ButwhilePresidentCIintonwasbusyclaimingcreditforreducingcrimeacrossthecountry,NewYork5sRepubIicanmayor,RudolphGiulianiwasquicktopointoutthathis"zero-toIerance“policywasthereasoncrimeratesinNewYorkwerefaIIing."Zero-toIerance"worksontheprinciplethatsmalIercrimesleadtobiggeroffences.Thispolicyhas,accordingtoMayorGiulianivsentamessagetomoreseriouscriminals.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueSomebelievetheprisonsystemshouldbeabolished.Themajorreasonforcriminalsissociety.Peopledon'tshowmuchconcernaboutcrime.Peopledisagreewitheachotheraboutwhatcreatescriminals.8.IfwomenaremerciIessIyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestobIame.BecausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpubIicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangesoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfulIofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheinternationalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.WomenwhocannotaffordtothrowawaycIothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.SkirtsareIengthenedorshortened;neck-1inesareloweredorraised,andsoon.Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.FashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingsIikewarmth,comfortanddurabiIity.TheyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwiIIputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn'tatsometimeinhisIifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeIedshoes.Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen1sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicquaIitiesofinconstancyandinstabiIityMenaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.DotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicquaIitiesofstabiIityandreliabilityThatisforyoutodecide.Tothewriter,thefactthatwomenaltertheirold-fashioneddressesisseenas.awasteofmoneyawasteoftimeanexpressionoftasteanexpressionofcreativity9.NewresearchfromAustraliasupportsthebeliefthatmanypetownershave-itshowsthatpetsaregoodforyourhealth.ThefindingsofthisnewstudysuggestthatpeopIewhohavepetsareatlessriskfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodonot.Ironically,thisIateststudyonpetswasintendedtoexplodethemyththatpetsaregoodforyourhealth.EarIierresearchonthebenefitsofowningpetsreceivedalotofpubIicity,buttheresultswerenotgoodenoughtoconvineethemoreskepticaIdoctors.Thenewresearchwascarriedoutoverthreeyearsandexamined6000people,thelargestgroupyetinvolvedinsuchastudy.TheytookteststhatmeasuredavarietyofdifferentfactorsknowntobeinvoIvedinheartdisease-bloodpressure,andbloodIeveIsofcholesterol（膽固醇）andtriglyceride（甘油三酯）.Also,peopIewereaskedabouttheirIifestyles. The800peopIewhoownedpetshadlowerIeveIsoneachofthefactorsmeasuredthanthosewhodidnotownpets.Thedifferenceswereevengreaterthanthosefoundinsimilarstudiesonpeoplewhoswitchedtovegetariandietsortookupexercise.Thestudyalsoshowedthatitdidnotmatterwhatkindofpetwasowned-acatwasasgoodasadog-sothebenefitscouldnotbeattributedtotheexerciseinvoIvedinwalkingadog.Thequestionis,justhowdopetsmanagetomaketheirownersmorehealthyTheobviousansweristhattheymaketheirownersfeelmorerelaxedandhappy.Afterall,whatbetterwayofgettingridofalIthattensionthanbywalkingthedogorstrokingthecatHowever,itisnotthatsimple.Whilethereissomeevidencethatanunhappyevent,suchasthedeathofapartner,canbebadforaperson,shealth,atthemomentthereisIittIeevidencethathavinggoodrelationshipshasapositiveeffectonhealth.Aslongastheexactwaythatpetsmaketheirownershealthierisunknown,manydoctorswi11bereluctanttoprescribeapetinsteadofapillfortheirpatients.Nevertheless,theAustralianscientistwhoorganizedthisstudycommentedthatifanewdrugwasavaiIablethatwasaseffectiveassimplyhavingapet,thenthisdrugwouldundoubtedIybeconsideredabreakthroughinthecontrolofheartdisease.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthenewresearchTheresultscouldconvincethemoreskepticaldoctors.ItspurposewastoshowthatthebeliefthepetsaregoodforpeopleJshealthisnotcorrect.Itspurposewastoconvinceskepticaldoctorsthatpetsaregoodforhealth.TheresearchreceivedsupportsfromAustraliandoctors10.RealpoIicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirIivesandwhattheyseeonTV.Thesearesimilarities,ofcourse,butthecopsdon'tthinkmuchofthem.Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman'srealIiferevolvesroundthelaw.Mostofhistrainingisincriminallaw,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownanalleyaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.LittleofhistimeisspentinchattingtoascantiIy-cIadorindramaticconfrontationwithdesperateoriminals.Hewi11spendmostofhisworkingIifetypingmi11ionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeopIewhoareguiIty-ornot-ofstupid,pettycrimes.Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminalsassoonashe'sarrested,thestoryisover.InrealIife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblemexceptinveryseriouscasesIikemurdersandterroristattacks-whosefailuretoproduceresultsreflectsonthestandingofthepolice.Thepolicehaveanelaboratemachinerywhicheventuallyshowsupmostwantedmen.Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.MuchofthishastobegivenbypeopIewhodon'twanttogetinvoIvedinacourtcase.So,asweIIasbeingoverworked,adetectivehastobeoutatalIhoursofthedayandnightinterviewinghiswitnessesandpersuadingthem,usuallyagainsttheirownbestinterests,tohelphim.AthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantmoraltwiIightinwhichtherealoneIives.Detectivesaresubjecttotwoopposingpressures:first,asmembersofapoIiceforcetheyalwayshavetogetresults.Second,theyhavetoobservetherules.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.MostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmaIIways.TheeverydayIifeofapolicemanordetectiveis.excitingandglamorousfullofdangerdevotedmostlytoroutinematterswastedonunimportantmatters11.Thehealingpowerofmaggotsisnotnew.Humanbeingshavediscovereditseveraltimes.TheMayaaresaidtohaveusedmaggotsfortherapeuticpurposesathousandyearsago.Asearlyasthesixteenthcentury,Europeandoctorsnoticedthatsoldierswithmaggot-infestedwoundsheaIedwell.Morerecently,doctorshaverealizedthatmaggotscanbecheaperandmoreeffectivethandrugsinsomerespects,andthesesquirminglarvaehave,attimes,enjoyedaquietmedicaIrenaissance.Theproblemmayhavemoretodowiththeweakstomachsofthoseusingthemthanwithgoodscience.ThemodernheydayofmaggottherapybeganduringWorldWarI,whenanAmericandoctornamedWilliamBayerwasshockedtonoticethattwosoldierswhohadlainonabattIefieIdforaweekwhiletheirabdominalwouldbecameinfestedwiththousandsofmaggots,hadrecoveredbetterthanwoundedmentreatedinthemiIitaryhospital.Afterthewar,BayerprovedtothemedicaIestabIishmentthatmaggotscouldcuresomeofthetoughestinfections.Inthe1930shundredsofhospitalsusedmaggottherapy.Maggottherapyrequirestherightkindoflarvae.OnlythemaggotsofbIowfIies(afamiIythatincIudescommonbIuebottIesandgreenbottIes)wiIIdothejob;theydevourdeadtissue,whetherinanopenwoundorinacorpse.Someothermaggots,ontheotherhand,suchasthoseofthescrewwormeatIivetissue.Theymustbeavoided.WhenbIowfIyeggshatchinapatient'swound,themaggotseatthedeadfleshwheregangrene-causingbacteriathrive.TheyalsoexcretecompoundsthatareIethaItobacteriatheydon'thappentoswaIIow.MeanwhiIe,theyignoreIiveflesh,andinfact,giveitagentIegrowth-stimuIatingmassagesimplybycrawlingoverit.Whentheymetamorphoseintoflies,theyleavewithoutatrace-althoughintheprocess,theymightupsetthehospitalstaffastheysquirmaroundinaIivepatient.Whensulfadrugs,thefirstantibiotics,emergedaroundthetimeofWorldWarII,maggottherapyquicklyfadedintoobscurity.Accordingtothepassage,WilliamBayerwasshockedbecause.twosoldiershadlainonthebattlefieldforaweekthemedicalestablishmentrefusedtoaccepthisfindingsthesoldiers,abdominalwoundshadbecomeinfestedwithmaggotsthesoldiershadrecoveredbetterthanthoseinamilitaryhospitalTherearetwotypesofpeopIeintheworld.AlthoughtheyhaveequaldegreesofhealthandwealthandtheothercomfortsofIife,onebecomeshappy,theotherbecomesmiserable.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings,persons,theevents,andtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.ThepeopIewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconveniencesofthings,thepleasantpartsofconversation,theweII-prepareddishes,thegoodnessofthewines,andthefineweather.TheyenjoyalIthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyofthecontrarythings.Therefore,theyarecontinuaIlydiscontented.Bytheirremarks,theysourthepleasuresofsociety,offendmanypeople,andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwerefoundedinnature,suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation.Itgrowsintoahabit,unknowntoitspossessor.Thehabitmaybestrong,butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitareconvineedofitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.IhopethisIittIewarmingmaybeofservicetothem,andhelpthemchangethishabit.Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimagination,ithasseriousconsequencesinIife,sinceitbrings,ondeepsorrowandbadluck.ThosepeopIeoffendmanyothers,nobodylovesthem,andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect,andscarcelythat.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatobtainingsomeadvantageinrankorfortune,nobodywishesthemsuccess.NorwiIIanyonespeakawordtofavortheirhopes.IftheybringonthemselvespubIicdisapproval,notonewiIIdefendorexcusethem.ThesepeopIeshouIdchangethisbadhabit.Iftheydonot,itwi11begoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Theunhappypeople1sbadhabitofviewingthingsmaybecured.whentheyareawareofitsadverseconsequencesintheirlifeiftheycanimitatethehappypeopleiftheycanhavemoreimaginationwhentheycanformtheha