2022年天津大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試真題卷18測(cè)

2022年天津大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試真題卷（本卷共分為1大題50小題,作答時(shí)間為180分鐘,總分100分,60分及格。）單位: 姓名: 考號(hào):題號(hào)單選題多項(xiàng)選擇判斷題綜合題總分分值得分ー、單項(xiàng)選擇題(共50題,每題2分。每題的備選項(xiàng)中,只有一個(gè)最符合題意)1.{{BHTEXTA{{/B}}Aparaphraseisarestatementofatextusingdifferentwords.Itisoftenusedtoclarifythemeaning.Youcanparaphrasekeypointsfromyourtextbookorfromyourlecturenotes.RewritingtheideasinyourownwordswiIIhelpyourememberthem.Youwillalsohavetoparaphraseonessayexamsandinresearchpapers.Itisextremelyimportanttorememberthatwheneveryoucitesomeoneelse'swordsordescribesomeoneelse'sideas,youmustgivecredittotheoriginalsource.Ifyoudon'ttelIwhereyougottheinformation,youareplagiarizing.ThisisaveryseriousoffenceinAmericanuniversities.Alwaysciteyoursource.HereisanexampIe:"Cultureenablesustomakesenseofoursurroundings.n(original)AccordingtoSamovarandPorterinCommunicationBetweenCultures,culturehelpsustounderstandourenvironment.(paraphrase)Theclausethatintroducesthesourceofyourcitationcanbewritteninanynumberofways.Justbesuretogivetheauthorandthetitle.Whenyouparaphrase,incIudeaIItheinformationintheoriginalexcerpt.Leavenothingout.Inadditiontousingsynonyms,youcanmakeavarietyofgrammaticalchangesinthesentence.ThesesuggestionswiIIhelpyoudotheparaphrasingexercises:Usesynonyms.ExampIe:UnderstandingotherculturesisacompIexmatter.{{B}}UnderstandingothercuIturesisacompIicatedmatter.{{/B}}2.Usedifferentwordforms(noun—verb,adverbTadjective,etc.).Besuretomakethenecessarygrammaticalchangesinthesentence.ExampIe:Cultureisourteacher.{{B}}Cultureteachesus.{{/B}}Changeactivetopassive,orviceversa.ExampIe:Cultureislearned.{{B}}PeopIelearnabouttheirculture.{{/B}}Changenegativetoaffirmative,orviceversa.ExampIe:Notonepartofourexistenceisunaffectedbyculture.{{B}}Everypartofourexistenceisaffectedbyculture.{{/B}}DonotincIudeyouropinionoradditionaIinformationaspartoftheparaphrase.Donotattempttochangevocabularyintheareasoftechnology(computer,microchip),science(caIciurn,testtube),government(congress,electoralcoIIege),education(grade-pointaverage,doctorate),fieldofstudy(Anthropology,Linguistics),geography(Europe,mountain),Ianguage(noun,sentence),people(Indians,SouthAmericans),brandnames(Macintosh,Honda),orforeverydaywordsthathavenosynonyms(dictionary,vitamins,culture).Donotusequotationmarks.CiteyoursourceascompIeteIyasyoucan(author+title).Youdonotneedtogivecredittoasourceiftheinformationiscommonknowledge.Thatis,ifyouheardsomethingontheeveningnewsthatwasbroadcastacrossthecountryandwasinalIthenewspapers,youdon'thavetocitewhereyouheardaboutthismajorevent.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSamovarandPorterandCommunicationBetweenCulturesistrueTheyarethewritersofthebook.Theyarethesubjectmattersofthebook.C.Theywriteinthebook：，fCulturehelpsustounderstandourenvironment.,rD.Theyparaphrase"culturehelpsustounderstandourenvironment"inthebook.{{B}}TEXTC{{/B}}Despiteitsmanyusefulproperties,theuseofalcoholhasproducedsomedifficultpersonalandsociaIproblems.Infact,aIcohoIismisoneofourmosttroublesomepubIichealthsituations.IthasbeenestimatedthatsixofeverytenadultsintheUnitedStatesuseaIcohoIicbeverages,andthatoneofeveryfifteenpersonswhodrinkbecomesanalcoholic.WhatisitthatimpelssomeindividualstodrinkexcessivelytobecomeanalcoholicTheterm"alcoholism"isnoteasytodefine.ItisgenerallyusedtocoverawholerangeofindividualandsociaIproblemsconnectedwiththeuseofaIcohoIicbeverages.PeopIewhosedrinkingcausesthemtobecomeenmeshedintheseproblemsarecalled"alcoholics".ModernpsychiatricopinionsuggestsasignificantreasonfortheuseandmisuseofaIcohoI.Manhasoftenusedalcoholtohelphimcopewiththeproblemsandcrisesgrowingoutofhiscontinuingstruggletoadjusttothedemandsofhisenvironment.WherevermanIivesheissubjecttostressesfromhisphysicalandsociaIsurroundings.HemustadjusttochangeswithinhimseIf-growingup,gettingold,theeffectsofdisease.HemustadjusttochangesinhisIivingpattern-一tomovesfromonelocalitytoanother,tojobchanges,tomarriage,tothedeathoflovedones.HemustadjusttohissociaIsurroundings,tootherpeopIe-hisfamily,friends,businessassociates,andneighbors.Whenhefindshimselfconfrontedwithoverwhelmingdifficultyinadjusting,hemaytaketodrinkingasawayoutofhisproblems.SomescientistshavetriedtodefinetheMaIcohoIicpersonality"-todiscover,ifpossible,whatcharacteristicsarecommontoalcoholics.ThismighthelptoidentifypeopIewhoareIikeIytobecomealcoholics.Sofar,noaccuratedescriptionofa"typicalalcoholic"hasemerged.ThepeopIewhoarestudiedarefoundtohavesometraitsincommon-e,g.,emotionaIimmaturity,preoccupationwithself,insecurity,andguilt-butwhetherthesetraitsexistedbeforetheybecamealcoholicsisnotknown.Moreover,itispossibleforpeopIetohaveanyoralIofthesetraitsandstillnotbeaIcohoIics.SomescientistsbeIievethataIcohoIismmayhaveaphysicalorbiologicalcauseーーadefectinthebodychemistryorsomenutritionaIdeficiency.AnothertheoryisthatthecravingforaIcohoIisbroughtonbyitseffectontheadrenalglands,whichregulatetheproductionofchemicalenergyinthebody.StudiesofdrinkingandattitudestowarddrinkinginvariouscuIturesindicatethattherearesignificantsociaIfactorsinvoIvedinalcohoIism.SomestudiessuggestthattherateofaIcohoIismislikelytobelowinanygroupinwhichcustomsandattitudestowarddrinkingareweIIestabIished.Insummary,noconeIusiveevidenceisyetavaiIableonthecausesofalcoholism.ThisisamedicaI-sociaIproblemfartoocompIicatedforsimpleanswers.NooneareaofresearchcanbeexpectedtoyieIdcompIeteinformation.ItwiIItakethecombinedeffortsofphysical,psychological,andsociaIscientiststodeveloptheknowIedgenecessarytodealwiththisproblem.IntheireffortstodefineHtheaIcohoIicpersonality”,somescientistshaveidentifiedtypicalalcoholicshaveidentifiedpreoccupationwithselfasacauseofalcoholismC.havefoundthatalcoholicshavesomecharacteristicsincommonD.haveproducedanaccuratedescriptionofatypicalalcoholic{{B}}TEXTD{{/B}}11takesabout$400worthofequipmenttocIimbatree-arboristropes,helmet,climbingsaddle,metalloopscalledcarabiners.Butwhenyou're100feetuporsoandyourperchisswayinginthewind,you'11begladyoucameprepared.Mr.TeitelbaumispartofasmaIIbutgrowingcommunityofadultswhocalIthemselvesrecreationaltreeclimbers.Hehasevenfoundabusinessinit,teachingothersthroughhiscompany,TreeClimbingColorado.Althoughdataabouttheparticipantsaredifficulttocomeby,NewTribe,anOregoncompanythatsellsequipmentforrecreationaltreeclimbing,saysithassoldaImost1,500tree-cIimbingsaddlesthisyear,up34percentfrom2004.SomegrounddwellersmightconsidertheseclimberssIightIylessevoIvedthanmonkeys(Mr.leitelbaum'sfatherhashalf-teasinglyaskedhissontochangehislastnametosavethefamiIyembarrassment);butMr.Teitelbaumandhiscolleagueshappilyspendtheirleisurehoursclimbing,andevensometimescamping,intrees.Usingropesandotherclimbinggear,theyswayfrombranchesforhours,talkingtothetree,huggingit,gettingauniqueperspectiveontheworId.Everydayworriesseemtodisappear,theysay.Mr.Teitelbaumdoesnotconsiderhimselfanextreme-sportskindofguy.HejustIikesbeinginthetrees.ForsafetyandcamaraderieyMr.Teitelbaumprefersclimbingwithsomeoneelse,althoughhecan5talwaysfindapartner.Hehasneverbeenstranded,buthecarriesacelIphonejustincase.Hiswifedoesnotclimbverymuch.Thistime,hehadagreedtotakealongareporterinterestedinfindingouthowtreeclimbingfeelsfirsthand.Mr.Teitelbaumlookedthingsover,somethingIikeapiIotlookingoveraplane.Hedidathree-pointcheck一一theground,thetrunkandthecanopy—lookingfordamagedorexposedroots,fungus,glass,nails,powerlines,hoilowsormissingbark,trunksplits,insects,animals,deadordyinggrowth,treeleanoranythingelsethatmightposeadanger.WearingacIimbingheImetoverhisgrayhair,herepeatedIyemphasizedsafety,saying,11Wedon'twantpeopIekillingthemselves.nHeisagraduateofarecreationaltree-climbingcertificationprogramrunbyTreeClimbingInternational,anAtIanta-basedumbrellaorganizationforrecreationaltreeclimbers.Inhisown$400course,hetrainspeopleoveraweekend,endinginawrittentestandaclimbingtest.Mr.TeiteIbaum'sthree-pointcheckinvolvesalIofthefollowingEXCEPTthegroundthetrunkofatreethehelmetthebranchesandleavesofatree{{B}}TEXTB{(/B))OxfordUniversityscientistswiIIexperimentonhundredsofpeopIeinahidtounderstandhowthebrainworksduringstatesofconsciousnessandtoseewhetherfaitheasespain.Oneaspectofthetwo-yearstudywiIIinvoIvefollowersofreIigiousandsecularfaithsbeingburnt.ThiswiIItestwhethertheycanhandlemorepainthanothers.SomevolunteerswiIIbeshownreIigioussymboIssuchasimagesoftheVirginMaryintheBibleduringthetorture.ResearchersbeIievethestudymayimproveunderstandingoffaith-howstrongitisandhoweasilyitcanberemoved.Theteamfromthenewly-formedCenterforScienceoftheMindalsowanttoincIudepeoplewithsurvivaltechniques.ThatmayhelpspecialforceseasilyidentifypeopIewithhighpainthresholds.Anotherpartoftheresearchusesanestheticontheparticipants.That'stoseewhatpainkiIlershaveonthebrain.ItaIsotestswhysomepeopIeneedhigherdosesofpaintomakethemunconscious.BaronessGreenfield,directorofthecenter,said20yearsagoscientistshadshiedawayfromstudyingthebraininsuchawaybutthatwasnowchanging."WewanttofindouthowitisworkingwhenwearehavingfeeIingsandmostimportantlyofalIwhenweareconscious,Mshesaid.AlisonGray,aspokeswomanfortheRoyalCoIIegeofPsychiatristsinBritain,said:"Theexperienceofpaindependsonb!〇IogicaIfactorssuchastheamountoftissuedamageandthereleaseofthenaturalpainkiIlersendorphin,inthebrain.nPeopIeknowthatreIigiousbeIieverscantolerategreatpainwhenthereisaspecificpurpose.Scientistsspeculatethatthiswouldoperateviaendorphinrelease.Reiigiouspracticessuchasprayerandmeditationreleaseendorphinsandwouldintheoryincreasethepainthreshold.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutreligiousbeIieversistrueTheycannottolerategreatpainundereverysituation.Theyhaveastrongerwillpowerthanthosewhodonotbelieveinareligion.Prayersandmeditationincreasetheirpainthreshold.Theyneedhigherdosesofpaintoloseconsciousness.{{B}}TEXTE{{/B}}“MyauntwiIIcomedownverysoon,Mr.Nuttely"saidaverycalmyoungladyoffifteenyearsofage,"meanwhiIeyoumusttrytobearmycompany.”FramtonNutteItriedtosaysomethingwhichwouldpleasetheniecenowpresent,withoutannoyingtheauntthatwasabouttocome.Hewassupposedtobegoingthroughacureforhisnerves;buthedoubtedwhetherthesepolitevisitstoanumberoftotaIstrangerswouldhelpmuch."Iknowhowitwillbe,"hissisterhadsaidwhenhewaspreparingtogoawayintothecountry;"youwi11loseyourselfdownthereandnotspeaktoaIivingsoul,andyournerveswiIIbeworsethaneverthroughIoneliness.IshalIjustgiveyoulettersofintroductiontoalIthepeopIeIknowthere.Someofthem,asfarasIcanremember,arequitenice."FramtonwonderedwhetherMrs.Sappieton,theladytowhomhewasbringingoneofthelettersofintroduction,wasoneoftheniceones."DoyouknowmanyofthepeopIearoundhere“askedtheniece,whenshethoughtthattheyhadsatlongenoughinsiIence."Hardlyone,"saidFramton."Mysisterwasstayinghere,youknow,aboutfouryearsago,andshegavemelettersofintroductiontosomeofthepeopIehere.nHemadethelaststatementinasadvoice."Thenyouknowalmostnothingaboutmyaunt7"continuedthecalmyounglady."Onlyhernameandaddress,"Framtonadmitted.HewaswonderingwhetherMrs.Sappietonwasmarried;perhapsshehadbeenmarriedandherhusbandwasdead.{{U}}Buttherewassomethingofamanintheroom{{/U}}."Hergreatsorrowcamejustthreeyearsago,"saidthechiId."Thatwouldbeafteryoursister'stime.""Hersorrow"askedFramton.Somehow,inthisrestfulcountryplace,sorrowsseemedfaraway."YoumaywonderwhywekeepthatwindowwideopenonanOctoberafternoon,"saidtheniece,pointingtoalongwindowthatopenedIikeadoorontothegrassoutside."Itisquitewarmforthetimeoftheyear,"saidFramton,"buthasthatwindowgotanythingtodowithyouraunt'ssorrow""Outthroughthatwindow,exactIythreeyearsago,herhusbandandhertwoyoungbrotherswentofffortheirday'sshooting.Theynevercameback.Incrossingthecountrytotheshooting-ground,theywentalIthereswaIIowedinabog.Ithadbeenthatterriblewetsummer,youknow,andplacesthatweresafeinotheryearsbecamesuddenlydangerous.Theirbodieswereneverfound.Thatwastheworstpartofit."HerethechiId'svoicelostitscalmsoundandbecamealmosthuman.BeforehisvisittoMrs.Sappieton,Framtonshowedhisthecuringeffectofthevisit.disbeliefindoubtaboutsuspicionofoptimismabout6.{(Bl}TEXTA{{/B}}Aparaphraseisarestatementofatextusingdifferentwords.Itisoftenusedtoclarifythemeaning.Youcanparaphrasekeypointsfromyourtextbookorfromyourlecturenotes.Rewritingtheideasinyourownwordswi11helpyourememberthem.Youwillalsohavetoparaphraseonessayexamsandinresearchpapers.Itisextremelyimportanttorememberthatwheneveryoucitesomeoneelse'swordsordescribesomeoneelse'sideas,youmustgivecredittotheoriginalsource.Ifyoudon'ttelIwhereyougottheinformation,youareplagiarizing.ThisisaveryseriousoffenceinAmericanuniversities.Alwaysciteyoursource.HereisanexampIe:,,Cultureenablesustomakesenseofoursurroundings.H(original)AccordingtoSamovarandPorterinCommunicationBetweenCultures,culturehelpsustounderstandourenvironment.(paraphrase)Theclausethatintroducesthesourceofyourcitationcanbewritteninanynumberofways.Justbesuretogivetheauthorandthetitle.Whenyouparaphrase,incIudeaIItheinformationintheoriginalexcerpt.Leavenothingout.Inadditiontousingsynonyms,youcanmakeavarietyofgrammaticalchangesinthesentence.ThesesuggestionswiIIhelpyoudotheparaphrasingexercises:1.Usesynonyms.ExampIe:UnderstandingotherculturesisacompIexmatter.{⑻}UnderstandingothercuIturesisacompIicatedmatter.{{/B}}2.Usedifferentwordforms(nounTverb,adverbTadjective,etc.).Besuretomakethenecessarygrammaticalchangesinthesentence.ExampIe:Cultureisourteacher.{{B}}Cultureteachesus.{{/B}}Changeactivetopassive,orviceversa.ExampIe:Cultureislearned.{{B}}PeopIelearnabouttheirculture.{{/B}}Changenegativetoaffirmative,orviceversa.ExampIe:Notonepartofourexistenceisunaffectedbyculture.{{B}}Everypartofourexistenceisaffectedbyculture.{{/B}}DonotincIudeyouropinionoradditionalinformationaspartoftheparaphrase.Donotattempttochangevocabularyintheareasoftechnology(computer,microchip)tscience(caIciurn,testtube),government(congress,electoralcoIIege),education(grade-pointaverage,doctorate),fieldofstudy(Anthropology,Linguistics),geography(Europe,mountain),Ianguage(noun,sentence),people(Indians,SouthAmericans),brandnames(Macintosh,Honda),orforeverydaywordsthathavenosynonyms(dictionary,vitamins,culture).Donotusequotationmarks.CiteyoursourceascompIeteIyasyoucan(author+title).Youdonotneedtogivecredittoasourceiftheinformationiscommonknowledge.Thatis,ifyouheardsomethingontheeveningnewsthatwasbroadcastacrossthecountryandwasinalIthenewspapers,youdon'thavetocitewhereyouheardaboutthismajorevent.Accordingtothepassage,wemayparaphraseFrancisBacon'swords"Writingmakesoneexact.MasHInhisessay'OnStudies9,FrancisBaconsaysthat.”卜.'writingmakesoneexact'writinghelpsoneexpresshimselfconcisely'C.‘writinghelpsoneexpresshimselfcorrectly,D.'writingtrainsyoutoexpressyourselfexactly'{{BUTEXTD{{/B}}takesabout$400worthofequipmenttocIimbatree-arboristropes,helmet,climbingsaddle,metalloopscalledcarabiners.Butwhenyou're100feetuporsoandyourperchisswayinginthewind,youIIbegladyoucameprepared.Mr.Teitelbaumispartofasma11butgrowingcommunityofadultswhocalIthemselvesrecreationaltreeclimbers.Hehasevenfoundabusinessinit,teachingothersthroughhiscompany,TreeClimbingColorado.Althoughdataabouttheparticipantsaredifficulttocomeby,NewTribe,anOregoncompanythatsellsequipmentforrecreationaltreeclimbing,saysithassoldalmost1,500tree-cIimbingsaddlesthisyear,up34percentfrom2004.SomegrounddwellersmightconsidertheseclimberssIightIylessevoIvedthanmonkeys(Mr.Teitelbaum,sfatherhashalf-teasinglyaskedhissontochangehislastnametosavethefamiIyembarrassment);butMr.Teitelbaumandhiscolleagueshappilyspendtheirleisurehoursclimbing,andevensometimescampingtintrees.Usingropesandotherclimbinggear,theyswayfrombranchesforhours,talkingtothetree,huggingit,gettingauniqueperspectiveontheworId.Everydayworriesseemtodisappear,theysay.Mr.Teitelbaumdoesnotconsiderhimselfanextreme-sportskindofguy.HejustIikesbeinginthetrees.ForsafetyandcamaraderieyMr.Teitelbaumprefersclimbingwithsomeoneelse,althoughhecan'talwaysfindapartner.Hehasneverbeenstranded,buthecarriesacelIphonejustincase.Hiswifedoesnotclimbverymuch.Thistime,hehadagreedtotakealongareporterinterestedinfindingouthowtreeclimbingfeelsfirsthand.Mr.Teitelbaumlookedthingsover,somethingIikeapiIotlookingoveraplane.Hedidathree-pointcheck-theground,thetrunkandthecanopy-lookingfordamagedorexposedroots,fungus,glass,naiIs,powerIines,hoilowsormissingbark,trunksplits,insects,animals,deadordyinggrowth,treeleanoranythingelsethatmightposeadanger.WearingacIimbingheImetoverhisgrayhair,herepeatedIyemphasizedsafety,saying,"Wedon'twantpeopIekillingthemselves.wHeisagraduateofarecreationaltree-climbingcertificationprogramrunbyTreeClimbingInternational,anAtIanta-basedumbrellaorganizationforrecreationaltreeclimbers.Inhisown$400course,hetrainspeopleoveraweekend,endinginawrittentestandaclimbingtest.Tosecuresafety,Mr.TeitelbaumdoesalIofthefollowingEXCEPTthathewillclimbwithapartnersolongashecanfindonehecarriesacellphonehedoesathree-pointcheckhetooka$400coursefortree-climbing{{B}}TEXTCH/B}}Despiteitsmanyusefulproperties,theuseofaIcohoIhasproducedsomedifficultpersonalandsociaIproblems.Infact,aIcohoIismisoneofourmosttroublesomepubIichealthsituations.IthasbeenestimatedthatsixofeverytenadultsintheUnitedStatesuseaIcohoIicbeverages,andthatoneofeveryfifteenpersonswhodrinkbecomesanaIcohoIic.WhatisitthatimpeIssomeindividualstodrinkexcessivelytobecomeanaIcohoIicTheterm"alcoholism"isnoteasytodefine.ItisgenerallyusedtocoverawholerangeofindividualandsociaIproblemsconnectedwiththeuseofaIcohoIicbeverages.Peoplewhosedrinkingcausesthemtobecomeenmeshedintheseproblemsarecalled"alcoholics".ModernpsychiatricopinionsuggestsasignificantreasonfortheuseandmisuseofaIcohoI.Manhasoftenusedalcoholtohelphimcopewiththeproblemsandcrisesgrowingoutofhiscontinuingstruggletoadjusttothedemandsofhisenvironment.WherevermanIivesheissubjecttostressesfromhisphysicalandsociaIsurroundings.HemustadjusttochangeswithinhimseIf-growingup,gettingold,theeffectsofdisease.HemustadjusttochangesinhisIivingpattern-tomovesfromonelocalitytoanother,tojobchanges,tomarriage,tothedeathoflovedones.HemustadjusttohissociaIsurroundings,tootherpeopIe-hisfamily,friends,businessassociates,andneighbors.Whenhefindshimselfconfrontedwithoverwhelmingdifficultyinadjusting,hemaytaketodrinkingasawayoutofhisproblems.Somescientistshavetriedtodefinethe"alcoholicpersonality"-todiscover,ifpossible,whatcharacteristicsarecommontoalcoholics.ThismighthelptoidentifypeopIewhoareIikeIytobecomealcoholics.Sofar,noaccuratedescriptionofa"typicalalcoholic"hasemerged.ThepeopIewhoarestudiedarefoundtohavesometraitsincommon-e,g.,emotionaIimmaturity,preoccupationwithself,insecurity,andguilt-butwhetherthesetraitsexistedbeforetheybecamealcoholicsisnotknown.Moreover,itispossibleforpeopIetohaveanyoralIofthesetraitsandstillnotbeaIcohoIics.SomescientistsbeIievethataIcohoIismmayhaveaphysicalorbiologicalcause-adefectinthebodychemistryorsomenutritionaldeficiency.AnothertheoryisthatthecravingforaIcohoIisbroughtonbyitseffectontheadrenaIglands,whichregulatetheproductionofchemicalenergyinthebody.StudiesofdrinkingandattitudestowarddrinkinginvariouscuIturesindicatethattherearesignificantsociaIfactorsinvoIvedinalcohoIism.SomestudiessuggestthattherateofalcoholismislikelytobelowinanygroupinwhichcustomsandattitudestowarddrinkingareweIIestabIished.Insummary,noconeIusiveevidenceisyetavaiIableonthecausesofalcoholism.ThisisamedicaI-sociaIproblemfartoocompIicatedforsimpleanswers.NooneareaofresearchcanbeexpectedtoyieIdcompIeteinformation.ItwiIItakethecombinedeffortsofphysical,psychological,andsociaIscientiststodeveloptheknowIedgenecessarytodealwiththisproblem.WhichofthefollowingcausesofaIcohoIismarenotdiscussedinthepassageSocialcauses.Psychologicalcauses.Financialcauses.Physicalcauses.{{BJ1TEXTE{{/B}}MMyauntwillcomedownverysoon,Mr.NutteI,Msaidaverycalmyoungladyoffifteenyearsofage,"meanwhiIeyoumusttrytobearmycompany.”FramtonNutteItriedtosaysomethingwhichwouldpleasetheniecenowpresent,withoutannoyingtheauntthatwasabouttocome.Hewassupposedtobegoingthroughacureforhisnerves;buthedoubtedwhetherthesepolitevisitstoanumberoftotalstrangerswouldhelpmuch.nIknowhowitwiIIbe,“hissisterhadsaidwhenhewaspreparingtogoawayintothecountry;Myouwi11loseyourselfdownthereandnotspeaktoaIivingsoul,andyournerveswiIIbeworsethaneverthroughIoneliness.IshalIjustgiveyoulettersofintroductiontoalIthepeopIeIknowthere.Someofthem,asfarasIcanremember,arequitenice.FramtonwonderedwhetherMrs.Sappieton,theladytowhomhewasbringingoneofthelettersofintroduction,wasoneoftheniceones.HDoyouknowmanyofthepeoplearoundhere"askedtheniece,whenshethoughtthattheyhadsatlongenoughinsilence."Hardlyone,MsaidFramton.MMysisterwasstayinghere,youknow,aboutfouryearsago,andshegavemelettersofintroductiontosomeofthepeopIehere.”Hemadethelaststatementinasadvoice.“Thenyouknowalmostnothingaboutmyaunt7"continuedthecalmyounglady."Onlyhernameandaddress,"Framtonadmitted.HewaswonderingwhetherMrs.Sappietonwasmarried;perhapsshehadbeenmarriedandherhusbandwasdead.{{U}}Buttherewassomethingofamanintheroom{{/U}}."Hergreatsorrowcamejustthreeyearsago,"saidthechiId."Thatwouldbeafteryoursister'stime.""Hersorrow"askedFramton.Somehow,inthisrestfulcountryplace,sorrowsseemedfaraway."YoumaywonderwhywekeepthatwindowwideopenonanOctoberafternoon,"saidtheniece,pointingtoalongwindowthatopenedIikeadoorontothegrassoutside.Itisquitewarmforthetimeoftheyear,"saidFramton,"buthasthatwindowgotanythingtodowithyouraunt1ssorrow”"Outthroughthatwindow,exactIythreeyearsago,herhusbandandhertwoyoungbrotherswentofffortheirday'sshooting.Theynevercameback.Incrossingthecountrytotheshooting-ground,theywentalIthereswaIIowedinabog.Ithadbeenthatterriblewetsummer,youknow,andplacesthatweresafeinotheryearsbecamesuddenlydangerous.Theirbodieswereneverfound.Thatwastheworstpartofit.wHerethechiId'svoicelostitscalmsoundandbecameaImosthuman.TheunderIinedsentenceinParagraph8means.MTherewasaphotoofamanintheroom.”Thefurniturewasofamasculinestyle.""Theroomsuggestedtheremusthavebeenahostinthehouse.""Clothesofamanwerescatteredintheroom.nAccordingtoDr.Adams,whatshouIdwehaveasanattainablegoalofIanguagelearningSpeakingasfluentlyasanativespeaker.Gainingproficiencyinaforeignlanguage.Learningalanguagewellwithinamonth.Learningwordswithoutactiveuseofthem,Questions6and7arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwiIIbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.NowIistentothenews.AccordingtoMagdaIenaAlvarez,atleastsurvivorsdiedhoursaftertheaccident.A.19266153Question8isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.NowIistentothenews.HumphreyLytteltonisknowntotheradiolistenersasaweatherbroa