介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句xxx公司介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，是定語(yǔ)從句一種介詞前置的定語(yǔ)從句句型，介詞與關(guān)系代詞之間存在一種介賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，即演變出“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句型。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本構(gòu)成1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which（指物）或whom(指人)，即：介詞+which/whom。（1）Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.（2）Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.（3）Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意：當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后時(shí)，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介詞的賓語(yǔ).且此處關(guān)系代詞可以省略，特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如：（1)Theman(who/whom/that)youspoketoisateacher.（2）Thecity（which/that）shelivesinisfaraway.注：通常介詞放在定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞后，也可以放在關(guān)系代詞前面，但有些特殊動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配不能拆分，介詞只能放在動(dòng)詞后，如：lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,listento等。Thisisthepenthat/whichyouarelookingfor.Thepatientwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.Thewordsthat/whichweshouldpayattentiontoarewrittenontheblackboard.Therearefiftypatientswho/whom/thatwemusttakegoodcareof.練習(xí)：Arethesesentencesright(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(2)Theman(who/that)youtalkedwithismyfriend.(3)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(4)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(5)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.關(guān)系副詞when，where，why可用“介詞＋which”來(lái)代替。關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞。其中when=表時(shí)間的介詞（如：in，at,during等）+which；Where=表地點(diǎn)的介詞（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介詞（如：for）+which(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示時(shí)間的介詞＋which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.(ontheday=when)(2)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞＋which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where)(3)當(dāng)先行詞為reason，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少表示原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可以用forwhich來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why)關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一先，二動(dòng)，三意義（重中之重）1.一先，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)二動(dòng)，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3.三意義，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的意義來(lái)確定介詞。Thisismypairofglasses,__withoutwhich__Icannotseeclearly.例題：用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的形式表示1.

Doyoulikethebook__________shelearnedalot2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most______hadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.3.Thetower_________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.注意：介詞+關(guān)系代詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when,where和why互換。練習(xí):1.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.（05山東卷）A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthiswaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,________shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.（06陜西卷）

A.afterthat

B.fromthatC.fromwhich

D.afterwhichcontrolisasubject_________Americanshavearguedforalongtime.(09陜西卷)A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhichpowerisanancientsourceofenergy______wemayreturninthenearfuture.（10山東卷）A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhichsettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(10浙卷)Englishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.（04全國(guó)I）Aforwhich Batwhich Cinwhich Donwhich7.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.（04廣西）A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich8.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(05廣東卷)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that9.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_____hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.（11江西卷）forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhichplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe___thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(05江蘇卷)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhichreceivedtraininginthecomputerforoneyear,______hefoundajobinabigcompany.afterthatwhichitthisheredependonthefishingindustry,________therewon'tbemuchwork.wherewhichwhichweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,________wantedtobuyit.ofthemofthemofwhomofwhom14.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm__________，manypeoplehavegonehome.whosetimewhichwhichtimeImether,_______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.(09山東)broughtwithherthreefriends,noneof______Ihadevermetbefore.(09海南)themchildren,_________parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.(09安徽）themwhomwasborninNewOrleans,