(完整)初中語(yǔ)法介詞講解

介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)介詞是虛詞，根據(jù)意義可分為地點(diǎn)介詞、時(shí)間介詞、方位介詞、手段介詞和其他介詞等。表示時(shí)間的介詞：at,in,on,before,to,from,by,till,until,after,for,since等。表示地點(diǎn)，位置，方向的介詞：next,to,in,infrontof,on,outof,at,above,over,into,near,between,under,up,across,by,down,from,around,behind,beside等表示原因，理由的介詞：for,as,at,from等表示方式的介詞：on,in,by,with等。常用介詞辨析1．表示時(shí)間的in,on,at,afterin的用法。用于早晨、下午、傍晚。Inthemorning/afternoon/evening用于月、年、季節(jié)等。InMarch,in1986,inspring用于一段時(shí)間后。Inaweek,inayear'stime,intwohourson的用法用于具體某一天。Onmybirthday,onthemorningofnextFriday,onJune6,onSunday,onNewYear'sDay用于描述性的時(shí)間。Onacoldnight,onawinterdayat的用法用于具體的鐘點(diǎn)。At12o'clock,athalfnine用于固定的搭配。Atlunch,atnight,atbreakfast,atnoon,atChristmas,atweekends,atthattime4)after4)after表示在一點(diǎn)時(shí)間以后。Aftertwelveo'clock2.表示的地點(diǎn)的in,on,atAbove—月0n二月ove三月四月五月六月belowunderTherewillbetwobridgesovertheriver河上將有兩座橋。表方位的in,on,to.oOoo

oOooShanghaiisintheeastofChina.RussiaisontheeastofChina.JapanistotheeastofChina.between,amongBetween指兩者之間,among指三者或三者以上。across,over,throughAcross表示從這一邊到另一邊的橫過,over表示從空間通過,through則表示從內(nèi)部空間穿過。Canyouswimacrossthelake?你能游泳過湖嗎？TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast,acrossthedesserts,overthemountains,throughthevalleys,tillatlastitreachesthesee.with,in,byWith后跟工具,in后跟語(yǔ)言、材料等,by跟某種方式。Icanwritewithapen.我能用筆寫。Hewrotethewordsinredink.Weoftengotoschoolbybike./IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotapes.8.看似相同，但意義有別的詞組。Atschool在上學(xué)Infrontof在…前邊（外部Atschool在上學(xué)Infrontof在…前邊（外部）Inclass在課上Attheschool在學(xué)校Inthefrontof在…前部（內(nèi)部）Intheclass在這個(gè)班Inbed在睡覺InthebedInbed在睡覺Inthebed在床上Attable吃飯Atthetable在桌前用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空Inhospital住院Inthehospital在醫(yī)院里bysea乘船bythesea在海邊Gotoschool去上學(xué)Gototheschool去學(xué)校onearth究竟ontheearth在地球上1)Heknowseverythingtheschool.2)Heusuallygoesoutforawalklunch.3)Ihavelunch__halfpasteleven.4)Pleaselooktheblackboard.5.Theywork__8:00__16:00.5)Whendotheygetupthemorning?6)Willwegobusor___foot?7.Wehavelearnedalot_you.7)Thecupwasbroken_her.8)Whereareyou___?I'mBeijing.9)Weareworkingthepeople.10)Itistimebreakfast.11)Classbegins__nine.12）WecomedifferentpartsofAmerica.13）Shelivesherfather.14）Sheoftengetsuphalfpastsixthemorning.15）Westayheresixmonths.16）YouareleavingShanghai.17）Hewasborn1986.18）WeusuallyhavemeetingsSaturdayafternoon.19）Beijingisthecapitalchina.20）Haveacupcoffeeplease.21）XiaoLiwasbornMarch25,1991.介詞的種類簡(jiǎn)單介詞，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without,to,by,with,of,over,behind,up,after,against等。復(fù)合介詞，如,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系（1）和動(dòng)詞的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,keepawayfrom,careabout等。（2）和形容詞的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat（3）和名詞的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,visitto等.***介詞后常跟人稱代詞的賓格和動(dòng)詞的g形式。某些介詞的意義與用法區(qū)別1.at,on,in（表時(shí)間）：at表示時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)；in表示一個(gè)時(shí)期；on表示特殊日子at后常接幾點(diǎn)幾分，天明，中午，日出，日落，開始等。如：atfiveo'clock（五點(diǎn)），atdaybreak（天亮），atnoon（中午）），atmidnight（半夜），atthebeginningofthemonth（月初），atthattime（那時(shí)），atthatmoment（那會(huì)兒），atthistimeofday（在一天的這個(gè)時(shí)候）。in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季節(jié)，世紀(jì)等。如：in2006（2006年），inMay，2004（2004年五月），inthemorning（早晨/上午），intheafternoon（下午），intheevening（晚上），inthenight（夜晚），inthedaytime（白天），inthe21stcentury（21世紀(jì)），inthreedays（weeks/month）三天（周/個(gè)月），inaweek（一周），inspring（春季）。on后跟某日，星期幾，某日的朝夕，節(jié)日|即具體某一天極其早中、晚onSunday（星期日），onawarmmorninginApril（四月的一個(gè)溫暖的上午），onaDecembernight（12月的一個(gè)夜晚），onthatafternoon（那天下午），onthefollowingnight（下一個(gè)晚上），onChristmasafternoon（圣誕節(jié)下午），onOctober1，1949（1949年10月1日），onNewYear'sDay.（特別提示）:在last,next,this,that,some,every等詞之前一律不用介詞between,among（表位置）“在之間”A.between僅用于二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí)，也可用between,如I'msittingbetweenTomandAlice.B.among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：Heisthebestamongthestudents.beside,besides,exceptbeside意為"在…旁邊"，Hesatbesideme.besides意為"除…之外"，包括在內(nèi)。Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?except意為"除…之外"，不包括在內(nèi)TheygotoworkinaweekexceptShetree,onthetreeinthetree，指動(dòng)物或人等外來(lái)的東西在樹上，onthetree，指果實(shí)或葉子等樹本身長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的東西ontheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway指在路上,onone'swaytobytheway指順便問一句inthisway用這樣的方法，inthatway，inotherway，inthesewaysbybus,onthebusbybus是一般說法，固定搭配，onthebus特指乘某一輛車across,through,和past"通過，經(jīng)過”across從表面經(jīng)過，如,road,bridge,riverthrough從內(nèi)部空間經(jīng)過，如:city，woods，forests，window，gatepast,從旁邊經(jīng)過.EX:Fillintheblankswithacrossorthrough.Wehavetowalkthegatetogointothefactory.Whenwewentthecinema,wesawatrafficaccident.Lookoutthewindow,please.Don'twalktheice.It'sdangerous.Suddenly,ayoungmanranme.Ifyouwalkthesquare,youwillseetheSunflowerHotel.Therivergoesthecity.Theoldmancanswimthestream.Iwalkedhimwithoutsayinghello.Thearmymovedtheforestsquietly.on,above,over,“在…上”,up,on指在某物表面上,有接觸點(diǎn)abookonthetableover指在某物垂直上方，無(wú)接觸點(diǎn)，也可指覆蓋在某物上，與under相對(duì)aclothoverthetable,afanoverthetableabove指在某物的上方即可，不一定是垂直上方反義詞為below，Thetemperaturetodayisabovezero.今天氣溫零度以上.D.up表示在往上的方向反義詞downlookuptothesky抬頭看天空in,after“……以后”A.“in+段時(shí)間”表示將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間以后,用在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中.,常回答howsoon的提問.B?“after+段時(shí)間”表示過去的一段時(shí)間以后，相當(dāng)于一段時(shí)間+laterMymotherwillcomebackinthreeorfourdays,Hearrivedafterfivemonths.=Hearrivedfiveminuteslater.12?by,with,in,on表示方式,手段,工具，A.by以……方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具，或跟V-ing形式.with表示用…工具，in表示用…方式，用…語(yǔ)言(語(yǔ)調(diào)、顏色)等on表示通過媒介，onthetelephone，ontheradio，onTVEg:HelearnedJapanesebylisteningtotheradio.WeChinesehavemealswithchopsticks.ThenoveliswritteninEnglish.Ex:Fillintheblankswithby,withorin,onIsentthemessagetohimemail.Thepupilswritepencils.DoyouknowthemeaningofwordChinese?Themanclimbeduptothetreealadder.Theysolvedtheproblemcommunicating.Thewomanwascryingalowvoice.Theoldmanoftengetsnewstheradio..Weoftencutthingsaknife.Heimprovedhiswritingskillkeepingdiaries.MygrandpacansingsomesongsRussian.13.放在地點(diǎn)之前的介詞:at,in,onA.at(1)表示在小地方;⑵表示“在……附近，旁邊”in⑴表示在大地方;⑵表示“在…范圍之內(nèi)”。on表示毗鄰，接壤to表示在……范圍外，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤介詞的其他一些用法.as，作為.Englishisusedasamotherlanguage.at，在…旁邊，Theboyissittingatthedoor.but，除了.Hehasnothingbutmoney.like，像，如同.Helookslikemybestfriend.till，until，直到…,在…以前.Wedidn'tgohometillfiveyesterday.

with,有，帶著。I'dlikesomecoffeewithsugar.by,在附近Theylivebyariver.短語(yǔ)介詞:thanksto,becauseof,inspiteof,insteadof.選擇最佳答案（表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的介詞）.1.TheplanearrivedatLondonairportWednesday.2.3.A.onB.atC.inD.forWhatdoyouusuallydoChristmas?A.onB.atC.inD.forThefirstclassbegins8o'clockthemorning.A.at/onB.at/inC.on/inD.on/onlastSaturday,wehadhadtwofootballmatcheswithClassTwo.A.ForB./C.ByD.DuringWewillbeinNanjingTuesdayThursday.A.on/throughB.on/toC.from/toD.on./tillMrBlackwillvisitournewschoolbuildingtwodays.A.beforeB.afterC.atD.intheendoflastspringWangHaijoinedthearmytheend.A.At/atB.By/inC.In/atD.At/inWewillhaveafootballmatchthisSaturdayafternoon..A.onB./C.inD.forHecametoseeyoutheeveningofMay10th.A.inB.atA.inB.atC.onD.for10.I'mafraidIgaveyoualotoftroublemystayhere.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.inB.forC.duringD.onThesupermarketisopenmidnight.A.atB.onC.tillD./Daysarelongersummerthanwinter.A.in/inB.in/onC.from/toD.to/in19.NewYear'sevepeopleusuallydon'tgotobeduntilmidnight.A.AtB.OnC.ForD.InTomandPaulusuallywatchTVweekends.A.atB.inC.forD./Everydaytheoldmantakesthesechildrenhomeschool.A.atB.toC.fromD.afterCouldyoucometomyofficethedayaftertomorrow.A./B.onC.inD.atWehadbuiltthreebridgesovertherivertheendof1994.A.atB.onC.forD.byLifewillbebetterthe21stcentury.A.atB.onC.forD.in

Doyouoftenworklatenight.A.atB.inC.forD.during.選擇最佳答案（表示地點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞）.Thereisabridgetheriver.A.underB.overC.onD.nextTherearemanybeautifulbirdsthetree.A.onB.atC.inD.besidesMyhouseisthetwobuildings,sowegetlittlesunshineduringtheday.A.betweenB.amongC.inD.atLucyiswaitingNo.3busstopherfather.A.for/forB.for/atC.at/forD.at/at5.Isthereanythinginterestingtoday'snewspaper?A.inB.onC.atD./6.Canyoutellmewhospokethemeeting?A.atB.alongC.inD.for7.Myunclelives208SmithStreet.A.atB.onC.toD.withAtlastwereachesthevillagethehill.A.atthefootofB.atfootC.onfootofD.inthefootfromShanghaiistheeastofChinaandJapanistheeastofChina.A.to/toB.to/inC.in/toD.in/intheendofthestreetyoucanfindthepostoffice.A.ByB.AtC.OnD.InDoyouoftenlistentheprogrammestheradio.A.to/ofB.to/inC.to/onD.on/to12.Pleasewaittheoffice.Don'tcomeinuntilyouarecalled.A.inB.intoC.insideD.outsideA.inB.intoC.insideD.outsideAreyougoingtoleaveGuangzhouBeijing?A.forB.toC.fromD.inThereisaholethewall.D.towardsD.towardsA.inB.atC.forD.towardsD.towardsCanyoutellmethewayShanghaiZoo?A.toB.atC.for三.選擇最佳答案（注意與一些動(dòng)詞搭配使用的介詞）1.Thankyouyourcoming.A.toB.ofC.byD.for2.Hespentalongtimethemathsproblem.A.inB.onC.forD.atMrLiisgoingtohelphimhisChinesethisafternoon.A.withB.onC.byD.atHowmuchdidyoupaythisbook?A.forB.atC.onD.withPleasetranslatethesentenceEnglish.A.intoB.toC.atD.forPleasefillthebottletea.A.byB.withC.forD.inThemachinescutbigpiecesofmetalsmallpieces.A.inB.byC.toD.intoYoucanborrowthebookyourschoollibrary.A.fromB.toC.forD.atIprefercoffeetea.A.overB.toC.forD.thanWouldyoushowmeyourfactory?A.toB.inC.atD.roundHelpyourselfsomefish.Ittastesverynice.A.withB.onC.inD.toTheyhaven'tdecidedthedateforthenextmeeting.A.forB.byC.inD.onLetmeintroduceheryou.A.withB.onC.toD.forLiLingfellhisbicyclethismorningA.onB.downC.offD.to19.Ishoutedher,butshididn'thearme.A.toB.atC.onD.for20.TomhasmadefriendsmanyChinesestudents.A.withB.toC.byD.among四.選擇最佳答案（注意介詞的習(xí)慣用法）1.Canyoufindouttheanswerthesequestions?A.ofB.forC.toD.with2.hishelp,Ipassed