考研考博-英語-云南農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Conductingscientificresearchonthismostchallengingofgroupscanbecomparedtoviewingawhalethroughakeyhole.Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.Someday—perhapsinthenexthundredyearswemayhaveapicture-window-sizedkeyholeandwillfinallyseewhatthewholewhalelookslike.Buteventhentheenigmaofthewhalewillstand,undecided,beforeus.

Ihavebeenstudyingwhalescontinuouslysince1967.Oneofthedelightsofthatexperiencehasbeendiscoveringthatthereisnowaytogetawhaletoadoptahumantimescale.Thisisnomorepossiblethanitwouldbeforahumantoadoptaweasel'sspeedofliving.Whalesareunhurriable.It’soneoftheirmostendearingtrails.Nowhereisthismoreengaginglyseenthanintryingtofigureoutwhatawhaleisdoingwhenwhatyouarewatchingis,forexample,play,butyouhavenotyetfiguredthatout.Thedifficultycomesfromthefactthatoneofthemajorcluestothefunctionofabehaviorpatternistherhythmofitsoccurrence.Becausewecommonlyassociateplaywithquickmotions,thekeytobeingabletorecognizeplayinwhalesislearningtothinkdifferently—intermsoflong,slowrhythms,wherethingsoccurverylingeringly(itwouldbeacomparableproblemtolearntorecognizeplayinsnails,orsloths,ortortoises).Tounderstandwhalesonemustbedeeplypatient,mustslowwaydownandbecontenttoobservepassivelyforalongtime.Onlyattheendofadaymayonesaytooneself,“Nowletmesee;whatdidIsee?Well,Isawthewhaledothis,andthenitdidthis…andthenthisandthenForheaven’ssake,itwasplayIwaslookingat.”Inordertoobservewhales,youmustbewillingtosetyourmetronomeonadagio.Then,tounderstandwhatyouhaveseen,youmustfast-forwardthroughyourobservationsbysettingyourmetronometoallegro.

Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist.Iworkedinneurophysiologyandbehavioranddidexperimentsonhowbatsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichsoundiscoming,howowlslocatetheirpreyintotaldarknessbyhearingit,andhowmothsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichabatisapproaching(sotheycanmakeevasivemaneuverstoavoidit).WhenIstartedstudyingwhales—agroupofspeciesuponwhichitisallbutimpossibletoexperiment—IworriedwhetherIwouldfindtheworkstimulatingenoughorwhetheritwouldseenboringsimplyobserving,withouteverbeingabletomanipulateanythingordoanexperiment.Ihadenjoyedexperimentalwork—atthattimeofmylifeIlikedmanipulatingthings—yetIhadverylittleideaofhowtomakegood,passivefieldobservations.ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.InPara.1,thephrase"sparksandsmoke"primarilyservestosuggest（

）.

3.InPara.2,theauthortreatsplayas（

）.

4.Thereferenceto“Thesonnetform"(line57)primarilyservesto（

）.

5.ThelastparagraphdescribesallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

問題1選項

A.revealhowabiologistbecameinterestedinwhaleresearch

B.describeonescientist’sexperienceofworkingwithwhales

C.discussthewaysinwhichwhalesaresimilartoothermammals

D.highlightthedangersinvolvedwhenconductingwhaleresearch

問題2選項

A.thatadirectapproachisfutile

B.thatsciencecanseemmagical

C.howdangeroustheworkcanbe

D.howvigoroustheeffortshavebeen

問題3選項

A.atypeofbehaviorthatincertainspeciesmaynotinitiallybeseenforwhatitis

B.acharacteristicallyhumanbehaviorthatissurprisingtofindinanimalslikewhales

C.apparentlypurposelessbehaviorthatmayneverthelessserveanimportantfunction

D.behaviorfoundinmanyspeciesbutinformsthatdefycomparisonbetweenspecies

問題4選項

A.emphasizetheneedtodiscardoutmodedconstraints

B.illustratehowconcisenesscanenhancecommunication

C.conveyasenseofappreciationforanapparentlimitation

D.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofatypeofscientificobservation

問題5選項

A.theresearchtheauthordidbeforeturningtothestudyofwhales

B.theauthor’smotivationforchoosingwhalesasasubjectforresearch

C.thechangeinmethodologythatworkingwithwhalesrequiredoftheauthor

D.theauthor’sconcernabouthavingtheabilitytoconductadifferenttypeofresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】

1.本題詢問這篇文章的寫作目的。A項意為“為了揭示一個生物學(xué)家是如何對鯨魚研究感興趣的”；B項意為“描述了一個科學(xué)家與鯨魚一起工作的經(jīng)歷”；C項意為“討論了在哪些方面鯨魚和其他哺乳類動物相似”；D項意為“為了突出進(jìn)行鯨魚研究工作中存在的危險”。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是一個記敘文，作者描述了自從1967年以來就一直在研究鯨魚。那段經(jīng)歷的一個愉快之處就是發(fā)現(xiàn)我們永遠(yuǎn)也沒有可能讓鯨魚去使用人類的時間觀。B選項更符合題意。

2.“sparksandsmoke”本意為“火花和煙霧”。A項意為“一個直接的方法是徒勞的”；B項意為“科學(xué)看起來似乎很神奇”；C項意為“這項工作有多么危險”；D項意為“有多么的努力”。根據(jù)劃線句所在的這一句話‘Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.當(dāng)我們拼命地想弄清楚這到底是什么東西的時候，這種動物的龐大身軀不時地從我們身邊滑過。盡管有許多火花和煙霧，我們到目前為止只完成了這個鑰匙孔的一個小的擴(kuò)大?！_定作者要表達(dá)的意思是盡管付出了種種努力，到目前為止我們也不過就相當(dāng)于把那個鑰匙孔擴(kuò)大了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。所以劃線詞是與“努力”有關(guān)的，D選項符合題意。

3.A項意為“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”；B項意為“一個典型的能在鯨魚等動物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的令人驚訝的人類行為”；C項意為“顯然無益的行為卻可能發(fā)揮著重要的作用”;D項意為“在許多物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)但是以違背物種之間進(jìn)行的對比的一種形式存在的行為”。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，一個行為模式的作用最大的線索之一是它出現(xiàn)的節(jié)奏。因為我們通常會把玩耍和快速的行動聯(lián)系在一起，能夠意識到鯨魚在玩耍的關(guān)鍵就在于要有不同的思維，它們玩耍要有更長，更緩慢的節(jié)奏，動作更加地綿延遲緩。故所以A選項“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章最后三句話‘ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.但我很快就意識到，通過被動的觀察來發(fā)現(xiàn)事物能帶來更大的回報。我很快意識到，被動觀察所帶來的約束比實驗工作所帶來的約束更具挑戰(zhàn)性。它更像是十四行詩形式的限制，使得寫詩變得精致而富有挑戰(zhàn)性。被動觀察需要一種更微妙的思維方式，其結(jié)果可能是十四行詩，而不是民謠?！鶕?jù)句意可知這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“passive”觀察，也就是受限制的觀察，C選項“傳達(dá)了對一個明顯的限制的贊賞”更符合題意。

5.根據(jù)最后一段開頭‘Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist…在我生物學(xué)生涯的頭十年里，我是一個實驗主義者?！_定A選項‘“作者在開始從事鯨魚研究之前的調(diào)查”’有涉及；由這一段后文內(nèi)容ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations...可知作者提到了在做鯨魚的研究工作時需要翻遍方法以及自己對不同的充滿挑戰(zhàn)的研究方法的關(guān)注，確定C選項“和鯨魚工作時所需要的方法的變化”和D選項“作者關(guān)心的是是否有能力進(jìn)行不同類型的研究”兩項有涉及；但B選項“作者選擇鯨魚作為研究的主題的動機(jī)”作者并沒有提到，所以B選項符合題意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Somephilosophershaveclaimedthatourplayfulnessisthemostnoblepartofourbasicnature.Intheirgenerousconceptions,playharmlesslyandexperimentallypermitsustoputourcreativeforces,fantasy,andimaginationintoaction.Playisreleasefromthetediousbattlesagainstscarcityanddeclinewhicharetheincessantandinevitable,tragediesoflife.Thisisagrandconceptionthatexcitesandprovokes.Theholdersofthisviewclaimthattheoriginsofourhighestaccomplishments—liturgy,literature,andlaw—-canbetracedtoaplayimpulsewhich,paradoxically,weseemostpurelyenjoyedbyyoungbeastsandchildren.Oursports,inthisratherhappy,non-fatalisticviewofhumannature,aremoresplendidcreationsofthenon-datable,trans-speciesplayimpulse.

【答案】一些哲學(xué)家聲稱我們的嬉戲是我們基本天性中最崇高的部分。依他們這些隨意的見解看來，游戲無害而且用實驗方法讓我們的創(chuàng)造力、幻想和想象發(fā)揮作用。游戲讓人們從永不間斷亦不可避免的生活悲劇一一與乏匱和衰退進(jìn)行的枯燥抗?fàn)幹械玫揭环N解脫。這是一個激動人心的偉大構(gòu)想。這種見解的持有者宣稱，我們的最高成就如宗教典禮、文學(xué)、法律的起源可以追溯到游戲的沖動。但令人不解的是，我們看到只有幼獸和小孩子才最純粹地享受著這種沖動。從這種比較豁達(dá)和非宿命的人性觀來看，我們的運(yùn)動是超時代、跨物種的游戲沖動的輝煌創(chuàng)造。

3.單選題

Peopleinnately（

）forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

問題1選項

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.adhere

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。strivefor意為“爭取,奮斗”；選項B為及物動詞；選項C和D通常與介詞to搭配。所以選項A正確。

4.單選題

Changingthecomputersystemwouldentailsubstantialperiodsofretraining.

問題1選項

A.withhold

B.extend

C.overtake

D.impose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。entail表示“使需要，承擔(dān)，引起”；A項withhold“保留，隱瞞”，B項extend“延伸，擴(kuò)大”，C項overtake“改善，壓倒”，D項impose“利用，強(qiáng)加”。句意：改變計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)將需要大量的再培訓(xùn)時間。根據(jù)句意可知，“需要大量的時間”相當(dāng)于“延長時間”，故該題選擇B項正確。

5.單選題

Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionist（）thatguestsareregisteredcorrectly.

問題1選項

A.hasmadesure

B.madesure

C.mustmakesure

D.makesure

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Itisimportantthat...句式中，其中由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句通常用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，其中的should通常省略。因此A、B、C的表達(dá)是錯誤的，D選項符合題意。

6.單選題

______myreturn,IlearnedthatProfessorSmithhadbeenattheMuseumandwouldnotbebackforseveralhours.

問題1選項

A.At

B.On

C.With

D.During

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。onone’sreturn表示“在……回來的時候”。

7.單選題

China'sfirstsetofregulationsonhumanorgantransplant,whichprohibitsorganizationsandindividualsfromtradinghumanorgansinanyform,（）onMay1st,2007.

問題1選項

A.fellback

B.fellshort

C.wentintoeffect

D.cametothepoint

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。A選項fellback表示“后退”；B選項fellshort表示“不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，缺乏”；C選項wentintoeffect表示“生效”；D選項cometothepoint表示“直截了當(dāng)?shù)恼f，簡明扼要的說”。分析句意可知，中國頒布的首部人體器官移植條例是從2007年5月1日開始（）。由此可知，C選項的詞義更符合句意。因此本題正確答案為C選項。

8.翻譯題

Directions:Translatethefollowing5underlinedpartsfromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.（1）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.（2）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesfortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymayco-operatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.

（3）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,（4）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.（5）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.

【答案】（1）在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要各種集中控制的措施，因此需要諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和運(yùn)籌學(xué)專家等專業(yè)科學(xué)家的幫助。

（2）此外，顯而易見，一個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實力與其農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)的效率直接相關(guān)，而這又取決于各種科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員的努力。

（3）由于大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展，世界各地的人們都有了新的需求，接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常不得不引入進(jìn)一步的創(chuàng)新。

（4）在早期實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來的各種意義深遠(yuǎn)的社會形態(tài)變化持續(xù)了近一個世紀(jì)，而如今一個發(fā)展中國家可以在十年左右完成同樣的進(jìn)程。

（5）由于人口激增或大規(guī)模人口遷移（現(xiàn)代交通工具使人口大規(guī)模遷移變得相對容易）引發(fā)的種種問題也會對社會造成新的壓力。

9.單選題

WhenyouwatchafootballgameonaSaturdayafternoon,youfeelsecureinyourknowledgeofwhatwillhappenwhenaplayerbootstheball.Itfirstgoesupandthenitconiesdown.That’showitis,was,andwillbe—unless...ifthekickersomedayshouldkicktheballsuchthatattheinstantitlefthistoeitweretravelingupwardatarateof11.2kilometerspersecond(25,000mhr).Wewouldfindthatwewouldnothavetoworryaboutapuntreturn,becausetheballsimplywouldnotcomedown.Thisparticularspeedistheescapevelocityofanobjectfromtheearth.Atthisspeed,anyobject,largeorsmall,willescapefromtheearthtosoarforeverupwarduntilcapturedbythegravitationalattractionofsomeotherplanetorheavenlybody.Atfirstthoughtitmightseemthataheavyobjectmightrequireagreaterinitialspeedtoescapefromthesurfaceoftheearththanalighterone,rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject.Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway.

Theconceptofescapevelocityappliestoobjectsassmallasatomsandmolecules.Theearth’satmosphereiscomposedprimarilyofoxygenandnitrogen,anditcontainspracticallynotraceofhydrogenorhelium,thelightestelements.Alltheatomsofagastravelinrandommotionatveryhighspeeds,andthelessmassiveatomsandmoleculestravelatthegreatestspeeds.Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield.

Themoonhasaweakergravitationheldthantheearth.Theescapevelocityofanobjectonthemoonisabout2.4kilometerspersecond,andeventheheaviergaseshaveenoughspeedtoescapethemoon.Thisexplainswhywefindnoatmospherethere;anygasesthatmaybereleasednearthemoonquicklyescape.

1.Onlywhenaballexceeds11.2kmpersecondcanit（

）.

2.Inordertoescapefromtheearth,aheavierobject

（

）.

3.Heliumisnotfoundintheearth’satmospherebecause

（

）.

4.Thereisnoatmosphereonthemoonbecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.reachotherplanets

B.makeagoal

C.escapefromtheearth

D.goupwards

問題2選項

A.demandsagreaterinitialspeedthanalighterone

B.demandsasgreataninitialspeedasalighterone

C.mustbemadelighterthanitsoriginalweight

D.hastoovercomeagreatergravitythanalighterone

問題3選項

A.itsmovingspeedwellexceeds11.2kmpersecond

B.itlefttheatmospherelongagoinsearchofanotherplanet

C.itsmovingspeedisnotgreatenoughtoreachtheatmosphere

D.itislighterandcannotbethrownupwards

問題4選項

A.itisdryandlifeless

B.ithasagreaterescapevelocity

C.nogasesareproducedbyitself

D.itcannotholdsuchgasesasoxygenandnitrogentoit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段最后一句話提到“如果每秒11.2千米的速度能夠讓一個足球離開地球，那么也足夠?qū)⒁粋€保齡球（或一輛貨車）送離地面”（Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway），因此選項C“逃離地球”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“為了離開地球，一個較重的物體……”。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到“物體下落的方式與物體的質(zhì)量無關(guān)”（rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject），選項B“需要的初始速度與較輕物體的一樣”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“地球大氣中沒有氦氣的原因是……”。文章第二段提到地球的大氣主要有氧和氮組成，幾乎沒有氫和氦，質(zhì)量輕的其他速度超過了11.2千米每秒的臨界值，因此它們沒有停留在地球，而是在太空中（Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield），由此可以推測氦氣的速度超過了11.2千米每秒，選項A符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“月球上沒有大氣的原因是……”。文章最后一段提到月球的引力比地球的引力小。月球上物體的逃逸速度是2.4千米每秒，即使是較重的氣體也有足夠的速度逃離月球，這就是為什么月球上沒有大氣的原因，由此可知選項D“它不能將氧和氮這樣的氣體留在里面”符合題意。

10.單選題

Think,inthesecondplace,（

）menofmoralprincipleowestosocietyinregardtotheevilswhichcorruptanddegradeit.

問題1選項

A.ofthedutywhich

B.thedutyofwhich

C.thedutyinwhich

D.ofthedutyofwhichthe

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。Think作及物動詞用，后面接名詞時，一般要加賓補(bǔ)，B和C選項不符合。因此可知此句是thinkof短語中間加入插入語的結(jié)構(gòu)。后面men因為是泛指，不需要定冠詞the。因此A選項正確。

11.單選題

Bytoday’sstandards,earlyfarmerswereimprudentbecausetheyplantedthesamecroprepeatedly,exhaustingthesoilafterafewharvests.

問題1選項

A.unwise

B.stubborn

C.tiresome

D.unscientific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項unwise“不明智的，愚蠢的，輕率的”，B項stubborn“頑固的，頑強(qiáng)的”，C項tiresome“煩人的，無聊的”，D項unscientific“不科學(xué)的，不符合科學(xué)原理的”。句意：按照今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，早期的農(nóng)民是輕率的，因為他們重復(fù)種植同一種作物，幾次收獲后就耗盡了土壤。根據(jù)句意可知，imprudent在句中表示“輕率的”。因此，該題選擇A項。

12.不定項選擇題

TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControlTheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.

Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.

AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.

Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto______.

2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto_____.

4.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe______.

5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause______.

問題1選項

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

問題2選項

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

問題3選項

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

問題4選項

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

問題5選項

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto____.挪威政府更傾向于石油工業(yè)____。

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers.A.為外國工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopmentB.減緩其發(fā)展速度

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroadC.把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國外去

D.developmorequicklythanatpresentD.比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快

【考查點(diǎn)】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞oilindustry可定位到Para.1第一句，該處講到“挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)（undercontrol）”，又提到“一項新的法律限制人們（Anewlawlimits）”。可知政府限制石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展。比對選項，B選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“為外國工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會”，文中第一段最后提到石油公司雇傭外國工人的數(shù)量不得超過限定數(shù)量，即減少雇傭工人數(shù)量。這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項“把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國外去”，屬于無中生有；

D選項“比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快”，文中說到要限制石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展，D選項與文章相反，屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto____.挪威政府已努力去____。

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsourcesA.鼓勵石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

B.禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblemsC.控制石油公司解決它們的許多問題

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsizeD.使石油工業(yè)保持在接近目前規(guī)模的水平

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，該處講到“很少有人相信政府能夠長期阻止事態(tài)發(fā)展”，根據(jù)上文可知政府在控制石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。換言之，這里的事態(tài)發(fā)展就是石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。這句話的意思是很少有人相信政府能長期阻止石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。說明政府采取過控制石油工業(yè)發(fā)展的政策。比對選項，D選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“鼓勵石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源”，而文中說新的法律限制人們只能在長長的海岸線南端以南地區(qū)進(jìn)行勘探，也就是限制人們發(fā)現(xiàn)新資源，A選項屬于反向干擾；

B選項“禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人”，文中說到石油工業(yè)已經(jīng)開始吸引人們前往南方但并沒有說禁止雇傭北部人，B選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“控制石油公司解決它們的許多問題”，文中提到的是石油工業(yè)解決問題，屬于張冠李戴。

3.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto____.根據(jù)這篇文章，石油工業(yè)可能會導(dǎo)致挪威北部____。

A.thedevelopmentofindustryA.工業(yè)的發(fā)展

B.agrowthinpopulationB.人口的增長

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogrammeC.發(fā)展計劃的失敗

D.thedevelopmentofnewtownsD.新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.4最后一句，該處講到“不出幾年，整個北方政策就可能毀于一旦”。比對選項，C選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“工業(yè)的發(fā)展”，文中說到“一些小的工業(yè)甚至?xí)В⊿omesmallerindustriesmightevendisappear）”屬于反向干擾；

B選項“人口的增長”，文中說到“石油工業(yè)吸引人們前往南方（startedtodrawpeoplesouth）”也就是說北部人口會減少。B選項屬于反向干擾；

D選項“新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展”，北部人口跑到南方北方應(yīng)該不會有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展，反而是南方可能有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展，這屬于無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe____.在南方，石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展可能產(chǎn)生的影響是____。

A.alargereductiononunemploymentA.失業(yè)率大幅下降

B.agrowthinthetouristindustryB.旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustriesC.現(xiàn)有工業(yè)數(shù)量的減少

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustriesD.發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第三段最后一句，該處講到“一些較小的工業(yè)甚至可能完全消失”。換言之，這些原本存在的小工業(yè)會減少。比對選項，C選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“失業(yè)率大幅下降”，原文中說到“服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會跑到石油工業(yè)去?！币驗槟戏桨l(fā)展工業(yè)，那么根據(jù)原文，從事服務(wù)和旅游的人減少，失業(yè)率上升，A選項屬于反向干擾；

B選項“旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展”，“服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會跑到石油工業(yè)去?！甭糜螛I(yè)不會發(fā)展，B選項反向干擾；

D選項“發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)”，也是根據(jù)原文中人們發(fā)展石油工業(yè)導(dǎo)致從事服務(wù)和旅游的人減少，不會發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)，D選項屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項釋義】

Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause____.挪威的農(nóng)民和漁民有重要的影響，因為____。

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianidealA.他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianidealB.他們的生活和價值觀代表了挪威人的理想

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansocietyC.他們的工作對挪威社會很有幫助

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflifeD.他們認(rèn)為這是對挪威人生活方式的威脅

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干farmers和fishermen可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句，該處講到“挪威人在他們身上看到了許多他們自豪地認(rèn)為是挪威人本質(zhì)上的品質(zhì)?！北娝苤?，挪威的農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)發(fā)展歷史悠久，農(nóng)民和漁民是挪威的代表。比對選項，B選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分”，并不是說挪威人的理想是漁民和農(nóng)民，而是說漁民和農(nóng)民的生活和價值觀代表了他們的理想，A選項屬于偷換概念；

C選項“他們的工作對挪威社會很有幫助”，文中只是說石油的發(fā)展阻礙了漁業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，并沒有說他們?yōu)槭裁粗匾珻選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“他們認(rèn)為這是對挪威人生活方式的威脅”，但是文中說的是“關(guān)于石油的真正爭論是它對挪威人生活方式的威脅”。對生活有威脅的是石油并不是farmers和fishermen。這里屬于張冠李戴。

13.單選題

Haveyoueverfeltyourlifegointoslowmotionasyourealizesomethingbadishappening?Youmighthavejustknockedoverawineglassornoticedacarhurtlingtowardsyou,forexample.Nowscientistshavemeasuredexactlyhowmuchtheseattention-grabbingeventsslowdownourperceptionoftheworldaroundus.

Anotherexampleoftheworldappearingtoslowdowniswhenyouarehangingonthephonewaitingforsomeonetopickupattheotherend.Ifyourattentionwanderswhileyou’rewaiting,thensuddenlyswitchesback,youwillprobablyhearwhatseemslikealongerthanusualsilencebeforehearingthedialingtoneagain.Foryou,timewillhavemomentarilyslowed.

Toseehowourperceptionoftimechangeswhensomethingnewhappens,VincentWalshandhiscolleaguesputheadphonesonvolunteersandplayedeightbeepstotheirrightears.Thegapbetweeneachbeepwasexactly1second,exceptforthegapbetweenthefourthandfifthbeeps,whichthescientistscouldmakeshorterorlonger.Theyalteredthelengthofthisgapuntilthevolunteersestimateditwasthesamelengthastheothergaps.Theresearchersfoundthat,onaverage,peoplejudgeasecondslightlyshort,at955milliseconds.

Inthesecondpartoftheexperiment,thefirstfourbeepswereplayedtothesubject’srightear,buttheotherfourwerethenplayedtotheirleft.Again,thevolunteerswereaskedtoestimatewhenthegapbetweenthefourthandfifthbeepswasthesameastheothers.Thistimetheyjudgedasecondtobeevenshorteras825millisecondslong.

Perceivingasecondtobemuchshorterthanitismakesyoufeelasthoughtheworldhasgoneintoslowmotion,sincelesshappensinthatsliceoftime.Walshthinkstheeffectcouldhaveevolvedtogiveusafractionmoretimetoreacttopotentiallythreateningevents.

Lastyear,KieranYarrow,aBritishpsychologistfoundasimilareffectwithvision.Whenyouglanceataclock,thefirstsecondwillseemlongerthanitreallyis.

Yarrow’sresultsshowedthattimeappeartoslowdownbyasimilaramountasWalshfound.Previousstudieshaveshownthatcoolingthebodyslowsdownourperceptionoftimewhilewarmingituphastheoppositeeffect.

1.Afteryounoticedacarhurtlingtowardsyou,youmightfeelthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,hangingonthephonewaitingforsomeonetopickupattheotherend,youmight（

）.

3.VincentWalshandhiscolleaguesdidtheexperimentinorderto（

）.

4.WhathaveVincentandhiscolleaguesfoundthroughtheexperiment?

5.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatwhenwearehot,we’llfeeltime（

）.

問題1選項

A.theworldaroundyouhadsloweddown

B.somethingbadwasgoingtohappen