必修四第一單元語(yǔ)法課件

Usefulstructures語(yǔ)法詳解：所謂主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間,即主語(yǔ)的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。Usefulstructures語(yǔ)法詳解：1Theboy___diving.They____diving.BothJackandTim___diving.Allofthem____diving.NeitherJacknorTim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:Theboy___diving.They____d2BobBob_____aworker.isMike

MikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob____workers.areNeitherMikenorBob___ateacher.isBillNeither

ofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knows/knowAllofthem______workers.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/knowBobBob_____aworker.isMike3主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：1.and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.Tomandmaryaregoodfriends如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。一、語(yǔ)法一致原則are主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：1.and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單4(2)但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物,或者指同一概念的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。

1.Thewriterandsingerhascometoourschool.Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。Saltandwater鹽水needleandthread針線breadandbutter黃有面包表示一種事物(2)但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物,或者指5(3)有and連接的單數(shù)并列主語(yǔ)前有no,each,every,manya修飾后用單數(shù)例如：

noboyandnogirllikethebookeachboyandeachgirlhereisclever(3)有and連接的單數(shù)并列主語(yǔ)前有no,each,ev62.如果主語(yǔ)是單個(gè)不定式,動(dòng)詞ing形式或從句的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。

Whenheiscomingseemsveryimportant.他什么時(shí)候要來(lái)看起來(lái)很重要。

Collectingstampsishishobby.收集郵票是他的愛(ài)好。

Tolearnenglishwellisveryimportant

wherehecomesfromandwherehewillgoarenotknown

.

2.如果主語(yǔ)是單個(gè)不定式,動(dòng)詞ing形式或從句的時(shí)候,謂73.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,ratherthan,like,without,except,but,including謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)看這些詞前的主語(yǔ)例如：

Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.hisparentsaswellashearegoingtotakeatrip

3.with,alongwith,together84.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who,which,that在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.heisoneofmyfriendswhoarefondofmusicheistheonlyoneofmyfriendsthatis

fondofmusic4.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who,which,that在從9either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候在或therebe句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。二、就近原則NeitheryounorIamwrong.TherearetwochairsandadeskintheroomThereisadeskandtwochairsintheroomeither...or;neither...nor10Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.Notonlythestudentsbutals11三、概念一致原則所謂概念一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式,而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是單數(shù),但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。三、概念一致原則所謂概念一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)一121.集合名詞作主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí),動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。1.集合名詞作主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由13Hisfamily____goingout.他們?nèi)乙獬?。Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳?lè)愛(ài)好者。is

are

Hisfamily____goingout.142.某些名詞如people,police,cattle等,形式上是單數(shù),但意義上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指“民族”時(shí)是例外。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.2.某些名詞如people,police,cattle153.表示時(shí)間重量長(zhǎng)度價(jià)值等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)1.thirtyyearsisnotlonginhistory2.5,000kilometresisalongdistance3.表示時(shí)間重量長(zhǎng)度價(jià)值等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)164.有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣,作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定,這一類名詞有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每種方法都好使。Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。4.有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣,作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,其謂語(yǔ)175.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。5.therestof;halfof;part18Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的蘋(píng)果壞了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我們學(xué)校,大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.haveisareHalfofthestudents_____fini196.某些名詞如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式,但當(dāng)它們被apairof修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Thepairofshoesiswornout.這雙鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。6.某些名詞如clothes,trousers,sho20某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。

Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一門(mén)很有趣的學(xué)科。某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths,politics,phys21四.特殊代詞1.不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。

Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也沒(méi)找到。四.特殊代詞222.Neither和either和none

NoneofthemoneyisspentoneducationNoneofthestoriesis/areinterestingNeitherofthemlikesenglish口語(yǔ)也用like

2.Neither和either和none23Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.聽(tīng)不到任何聲音。Everyboyandeverygirlinth24注意：以anumberof作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);以thenumberof作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.注意：以anumberof作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);252.表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.2.表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后,名詞要用261.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(這種書(shū)),其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);短語(yǔ)thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口語(yǔ))(這一類人),但thiskindofmen的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),allkindsof后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:1.thiskindofbook=abook27Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.2.在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.Thiskindofmenisdanger283.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。例如:3.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“alot29Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和這種情況類似的還有“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“thenumberof+名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：Lotsofdamagewascausedbyf30Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.Anumberofstudentshavegone31注意:a(large)quantityof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.注意:32quantitiesof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短語(yǔ)inquantity,inlargequantities意為“大量”;insmallquantities意為“少量”。quantitiesof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主334.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù);largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:4.agreatdealof,alargeam34Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.Alargeamountof(Agreatdea356.如果主語(yǔ)由“the+形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddub,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等;但也有少數(shù)的過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別,則用單數(shù)。例如：6.如果主語(yǔ)由“the+形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任36Theblindstudyinspecialschool.Thedeparted(死者)wasawell-knownengineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí),就要與名詞man,person或表示人的單數(shù)連用。例如:anoldman,arichperson,the(a)woundedsoldier.Theblindstudyinspecialsch37高考鏈接1.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_____ofdesert_____coveredtheland.(上海2001）A.number;has

B.quantity;hasC.number;have

D.quantity;haveB高考鏈接1.Asaresultofdestroyi38精析：alargenumberof后面要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以A不能作為答案。因?yàn)閐esert是單數(shù)，所以要填has。這句話的意思是“毀壞森林的結(jié)果是，大片沙漠覆蓋了陸地．”答案B精析：alargenumberof后面要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，392.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth,is

B.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,is

D.Twofifths,areC2.____ofthelandinthatdi40精析:

分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞表示.如果分子大于1,分母序數(shù)詞后加-s.分?jǐn)?shù)和百分比作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞.句子中的主語(yǔ)land是單數(shù),所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用iscovered.答案C.精析:分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞表示.如果分子大于1413Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,____togotouniversity.SodoI.（全國(guó)1998）A.hopesB.hope

C.hopingD.dohopeA3Eachofthestudents,w42精析：這句話的主語(yǔ)是Eachofthestudents，是單數(shù)，所以要hopes選作謂語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)workinghardathisorherlessons作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨的情況。有的考生盲目地把lessons當(dāng)成了主語(yǔ)，填寫(xiě)了hope，發(fā)生了錯(cuò)誤。本題的譯文：每一個(gè)努力學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生都想上大學(xué)。我也是。答案A。精析：這句話的主語(yǔ)是Eachofthestudent434.____peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.（上海2001）A.Severalmillion

B.ManymillionsC.Severalmillions

D.ManymillionA4.____peopleintheworldar44精析:在million前如果有具體的數(shù)字或several等詞時(shí)，要用單數(shù)形式。many一般不與million等詞連用.表示“數(shù)百萬(wàn)”，英語(yǔ)為millionsof。這句話的意思是“每天，世界上有幾十萬(wàn)人通過(guò)e-mail傳遞信息。”答案A。精析:在million前如果有具體的數(shù)字或several455.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET'96)A.were;was

B.was;wasC.was;were

D.were;wereC5.Thenumberofpeopleinvited466.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool_________by5%everyyear.

(MET'92)A.riseB.raiseC.risesD.raises"thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語(yǔ)，表示"……的數(shù)目(數(shù)量)"，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；"anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語(yǔ)，表示"許多……"，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。C6.Thenumberofstudentsint477.Agooddealofmoney_________spentonbooks.(MET'84)A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeenD7.Agooddealofmoney______489.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_________tothenationasagift.(MET'90)A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveofferedA9.Alibrarywithfivethousan4910.E-mail,aswellastelephone,_________animportantpartindailycommunication.(上海'99)A.isplaying

B.haveplayedC.areplaying

D.playA10.E-mail,aswellastelepho5011.NobodybutJane_________thesecret.(MET'86)A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown12.Allbutone_________herejustnow.(MET'87)A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.wereDB11.NobodybutJane_________5113.Eitheryouortheheadmaster_________theprizetothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.(上海'94)A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandoutD13.Eitheryouortheheadmast5214.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_________tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.(MET'87)A.is

B.are

C.am

D.beB14.NotonlyIbutalsoJanea5315.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho______inthekindergarten.(上海'94)A.iswellpaid

B.arewellpaidC.ispayingwell

D.arepayingwellB15.Sheisoneofthefewgirl5416.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_________awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(上海2002春)A.isB.are

C.havebeenD.hasbeenD16.Heistheonlyoneofthe5517._____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;areC"分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與名詞的數(shù)一致。17._____ofthelandinthat5618.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_________yet.(MET'91)A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecidedA動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。18.Whenandwheretobuildthe57倒裝句及therebe句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往與最鄰近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。19.There______nolifeonthemoon.(MET'92)A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobeC倒裝句及therebe句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往與最鄰近的一個(gè)主5820.Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons，_________togotouniversity.(上海'98)A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hopedB"either/neither/each+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。20.Eachofthestudents,work5921.Agroupof_____areeating_____and______atthefootofthehill.(NMET'95)A.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheeps;grasses;leavesC.sheep;grass;leafD.sheeps;grass;leafsA21.Agroupof_____areeatin6022.Everypossiblemeans_________topreventairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.(上海2000春)A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenusedC22.Everypossiblemeans______61單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，依照意義一致的原則，表示單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；反之，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類名詞有：sheep,deer,means(方法、手段),works(工廠),species(種類)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，依照意義一致的原則，表示單數(shù)意義時(shí)62Usefulstructures語(yǔ)法詳解：所謂主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間,即主語(yǔ)的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。Usefulstructures語(yǔ)法詳解：63Theboy___diving.They____diving.BothJackandTim___diving.Allofthem____diving.NeitherJacknorTim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:Theboy___diving.They____d64BobBob_____aworker.isMike

MikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob____workers.areNeitherMikenorBob___ateacher.isBillNeither

ofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knows/knowAllofthem______workers.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/knowBobBob_____aworker.isMike65主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：1.and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.Tomandmaryaregoodfriends如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。一、語(yǔ)法一致原則are主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：1.and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單66(2)但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物,或者指同一概念的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。

1.Thewriterandsingerhascometoourschool.Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。Saltandwater鹽水needleandthread針線breadandbutter黃有面包表示一種事物(2)但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物,或者指67(3)有and連接的單數(shù)并列主語(yǔ)前有no,each,every,manya修飾后用單數(shù)例如：

noboyandnogirllikethebookeachboyandeachgirlhereisclever(3)有and連接的單數(shù)并列主語(yǔ)前有no,each,ev682.如果主語(yǔ)是單個(gè)不定式,動(dòng)詞ing形式或從句的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。

Whenheiscomingseemsveryimportant.他什么時(shí)候要來(lái)看起來(lái)很重要。

Collectingstampsishishobby.收集郵票是他的愛(ài)好。

Tolearnenglishwellisveryimportant

wherehecomesfromandwherehewillgoarenotknown

.

2.如果主語(yǔ)是單個(gè)不定式,動(dòng)詞ing形式或從句的時(shí)候,謂693.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,ratherthan,like,without,except,but,including謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)看這些詞前的主語(yǔ)例如：

Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.hisparentsaswellashearegoingtotakeatrip

3.with,alongwith,together704.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who,which,that在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.heisoneofmyfriendswhoarefondofmusicheistheonlyoneofmyfriendsthatis

fondofmusic4.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who,which,that在從71either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候在或therebe句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。二、就近原則NeitheryounorIamwrong.TherearetwochairsandadeskintheroomThereisadeskandtwochairsintheroomeither...or;neither...nor72Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.Notonlythestudentsbutals73三、概念一致原則所謂概念一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式,而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是單數(shù),但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。三、概念一致原則所謂概念一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)一741.集合名詞作主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí),動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。1.集合名詞作主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由75Hisfamily____goingout.他們?nèi)乙獬?。Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳?lè)愛(ài)好者。is

are

Hisfamily____goingout.762.某些名詞如people,police,cattle等,形式上是單數(shù),但意義上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指“民族”時(shí)是例外。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.2.某些名詞如people,police,cattle773.表示時(shí)間重量長(zhǎng)度價(jià)值等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)1.thirtyyearsisnotlonginhistory2.5,000kilometresisalongdistance3.表示時(shí)間重量長(zhǎng)度價(jià)值等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)784.有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣,作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定,這一類名詞有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每種方法都好使。Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。4.有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣,作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,其謂語(yǔ)795.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。5.therestof;halfof;part80Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的蘋(píng)果壞了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我們學(xué)校,大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.haveisareHalfofthestudents_____fini816.某些名詞如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式,但當(dāng)它們被apairof修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Thepairofshoesiswornout.這雙鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。6.某些名詞如clothes,trousers,sho82某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。

Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一門(mén)很有趣的學(xué)科。某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths,politics,phys83四.特殊代詞1.不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。

Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也沒(méi)找到。四.特殊代詞842.Neither和either和none

NoneofthemoneyisspentoneducationNoneofthestoriesis/areinterestingNeitherofthemlikesenglish口語(yǔ)也用like

2.Neither和either和none85Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.聽(tīng)不到任何聲音。Everyboyandeverygirlinth86注意：以anumberof作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);以thenumberof作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.注意：以anumberof作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);872.表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.2.表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后,名詞要用881.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(這種書(shū)),其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);短語(yǔ)thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口語(yǔ))(這一類人),但thiskindofmen的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),allkindsof后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:1.thiskindofbook=abook89Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.2.在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.Thiskindofmenisdanger903.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。例如:3.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“alot91Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和這種情況類似的還有“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“thenumberof+名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：Lotsofdamagewascausedbyf92Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.Anumberofstudentshavegone93注意:a(large)quantityof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.注意:94quantitiesof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短語(yǔ)inquantity,inlargequantities意為“大量”;insmallquantities意為“少量”。quantitiesof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主954.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù);largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:4.agreatdealof,alargeam96Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.Alargeamountof(Agreatdea976.如果主語(yǔ)由“the+形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddub,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等;但也有少數(shù)的過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別,則用單數(shù)。例如：6.如果主語(yǔ)由“the+形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任98Theblindstudyinspecialschool.Thedeparted(死者)wasawell-knownengineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí),就要與名詞man,person或表示人的單數(shù)連用。例如:anoldman,arichperson,the(a)woundedsoldier.Theblindstudyinspecialsch99高考鏈接1.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_____ofdesert_____coveredtheland.(上海2001）A.number;has

B.quantity;hasC.number;have

D.quantity;haveB高考鏈接1.Asaresultofdestroyi100精析：alargenumberof后面要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以A不能作為答案。因?yàn)閐esert是單數(shù)，所以要填has。這句話的意思是“毀壞森林的結(jié)果是，大片沙漠覆蓋了陸地．”答案B精析：alargenumberof后面要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，1012.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth,is

B.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,is

D.Twofifths,areC2.____ofthelandinthatdi102精析:

分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞表示.如果分子大于1,分母序數(shù)詞后加-s.分?jǐn)?shù)和百分比作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞.句子中的主語(yǔ)land是單數(shù),所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用iscovered.答案C.精析:分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞表示.如果分子大于11033Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,____togotouniversity.SodoI.（全國(guó)1998）A.hopesB.hope

C.hopingD.dohopeA3Eachofthestudents,w104精析：這句話的主語(yǔ)是Eachofthestudents，是單數(shù)，所以要hopes選作謂語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)workinghardathisorherlessons作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨的情況。有的考生盲目地把lessons當(dāng)成了主語(yǔ)，填寫(xiě)了hope，發(fā)生了錯(cuò)誤。本題的譯文：每一個(gè)努力學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生都想上大學(xué)。我也是。答案A。精析：這句話的主語(yǔ)是Eachofthestudent1054.____peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.（上海2001）A.Severalmillion

B.ManymillionsC.Severalmillions

D.ManymillionA4.____peopleintheworldar106精析:在million前如果有具體的數(shù)字或several等詞時(shí)，要用單數(shù)形式。many一般不與million等詞連用.表示“數(shù)百萬(wàn)”，英語(yǔ)為millionsof。這句話的意思是“每天，世界上有幾十萬(wàn)人通過(guò)e-mail傳遞信息?！贝鸢窤。精析:在million前如果有具體的數(shù)字或several1075.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET'96)A.were;was

B.was;wasC.was;were

D.were;wereC5.Thenumberofpeopleinvited1086.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool_________by5%everyyear.

(MET'92)A.riseB.raiseC.risesD.raises"thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語(yǔ)，表示"……的數(shù)目(數(shù)量)"，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；"anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語(yǔ)，表示"許多……"，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。C6.Thenumberofstudentsint1097.Agooddealofmoney_________spentonbooks.(MET'84)A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeenD7.Agooddealofmoney______1109.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_________tothenationasagift.(MET'90)A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveofferedA9.Alibrarywithfivethousan11110.E-mail,aswellastelephone,_________animportantpartindailycommunication.(上海'99)A.isplaying

B.haveplayedC.arep