考研考博-英語-云南大學(xué)滇池學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南大學(xué)滇池學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

CambridgeUniversitywaseasily___,andhereturnedtheretobeginhismajorresearchactivities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessible

B.attributable

C.attainable

D.attachable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的；可進(jìn)入的；可理解的”；B選項(xiàng)attributable“可歸于……的；可歸屬的”；C選項(xiàng)attainable“可得到的；可達(dá)到的；可到達(dá)的”；D選項(xiàng)attachable“可附上的；可連接的；可逮捕的；可沒收的”。句意：劍橋大學(xué)很容易進(jìn)入，他回到那里開始了他的主要研究活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Hemustnotallowthisunusualbarriertostophimfromfightingagainsttheenemy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interior

B.obstacle

C.interruption

D.interference

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。barrier“障礙，屏障；界線”；A選項(xiàng)interior“內(nèi)部；內(nèi)飾”；B選項(xiàng)obstacle“障礙，干擾”；C選項(xiàng)interruption“中斷；干擾”；D選項(xiàng)interference“干擾，干涉”。句意：他不能讓這個(gè)不尋常的障礙妨礙他同敵人作戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)句中“stophim阻止他”可知barrier在這里的意思為“障礙”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

BruceStephengrippedthe____wheelhardasthecarbouncedupanddown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stirring

B.driving

C.steering

D.revolving

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)stirring“激動(dòng)人心的，活躍的；攪動(dòng)（stir的ing形式）”；B選項(xiàng)driving“起推動(dòng)作用的；有巨大影響力”；開車（drive的ing形式）；C選項(xiàng)steering“駕駛，掌舵（stir的ing形式）”；D選項(xiàng)revolving“旋轉(zhuǎn)的；旋轉(zhuǎn)（revolve的ing形式）”。句意：在汽車上下顛簸的時(shí)候，BruceStephen緊緊地抓住方向盤。steeringwheel表示方向盤，C選項(xiàng)最符合句意。

4.單選題

Thattradeprotectionhurtstheeconomyofthecountrythatimposesitisoneoftheoldestbutstillmoststartlinginsightseconomicshastooffer.Theideadatesbacktotheoriginofeconomicscienceitself.AdamSmith’sTheWealthofNations,whichgavebirthtoeconomics,alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade.Ininternationaleconomicsitisthedirectcounterparttotheideathatpeoplewithinanationaleconomywillbebetteroffiftheyspecializeatwhattheydobestinsteadoftryingtobeself-sufficient

Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenthecasesforfreetradeforoneselfandthecaseforfreetradeforall.Theformerisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveonenation’sownwelfare(the"national-efficiency”argument).Thelatterisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveeverytradingcountry'swelfare(the"cosmopolitan-efficiency"argument).

Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices,butgovernmentsmaydistortmarketpricesby,forexample,subsidizingproductionorgovernmentsmayprotectintellectualpropertyinadequately,causingunderproductionofnewknowledge.

Thecosmopolitan-efficiencycaseforfreetradeisrelevanttoquestionssuchasthedesignofinternationaltraderegimes.Thenational-efficiencycaseforfreetradeconcernsnationaltradepolicies;itis,infact,AdamSmith'scaseforfreetrade.Economiststypicallyhavethenational-efficiencycaseinmindwhentheytalkoftheadvantageoffreetradeandofthefollyofprotectionism.

ThetradepolicyoftheUnitedStatestodayispremisedonadifferentassessment:thatindeedU.S.marketscan,andshould,beclosedasameansofopeningnewmarketsabroad.Thispremiseunderliessections301through310ofthe1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.Theseprovisionspermit,andsometimesevenrequire,theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot.Butthose”tradeobligations"donotalwaysentailfreetrade.Theycan,forinstance,taketheformofvoluntaryquotasonexportsofcertaingoodstotheUnitedStates.Thus,theymaysimplyforceweaknationstoredirecttheirtradeinwaysthatstrongnationsdesire,cuttingawayattheprinciplethattradeshouldbeguidedbymarketprices.Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition.

1.Theauthormentionsthatit’strueofAdamSmiththathearguedthat（

）.

2.Thenational-efficiencyandthe“cosmopolitan-efficiency”argumentrestontheassumptionthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTtheargumentthat（

）.

4.Theauthorismostcriticalof（

）.

5.Thebeststatementtosummarizetheauthor'sargumentwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.protectionismininternationaltradewasbad.

B.specializationwasgood,whichledotherstoadvocatefreetrade.

C.dueto“cosmopolitan-efficiency”freetradewasdesirable

D.freetrademustalsobefairtrade.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.freetradeallowsforselfsufficiency.

B.pricesarethesameineachtradingnation

C.marketproductioniscompletelyunregulatedbythegovernments.

D.pricesaren’tbeingaffectedbygovernments’policies.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theU.S.hasnotadheredtotheprincipleoffreetradeinpractice.

B.theU.S.oftenusesthethreatofpunishmentforitsownadvantage.

C.voluntaryquotasaredesirablealternativestoprotectionism.

D."Fairtrade”policiesareoftenjustdisguisedformsofprotectionism.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.the"nationalefficiency"argument.

B.the"cosmopolitanefficiency"argument.

C.thegovernmentoftheU.S.

D.the1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.freetradeisdesirablebutitstheoryisnotgenerallyaccepted.

B.UStradepolicygoesagainstthewisdomofeconomists.

C.protectionismisfollyforanumberofreasons.

D.theU.S.isbeingunfairinitsforeignpolicies.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出：...alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade(專營(yíng)某一類產(chǎn)品而不是所有的產(chǎn)品，每個(gè)國(guó)家都將會(huì)從自由貿(mào)易中獲利)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices(以上兩種是基于自由市場(chǎng)決定價(jià)格這一假設(shè))。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后一句話：Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast

20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition(過去20年間，美國(guó)所謂的“公平貿(mào)易”機(jī)制已日益轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊绹?guó)實(shí)施不公平外貿(mào)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的保護(hù)工具。故可知A項(xiàng)(美國(guó)在實(shí)踐中沒有堅(jiān)持自由貿(mào)易原則)、D項(xiàng)(公平貿(mào)易政策往往只是偽裝成保護(hù)主義的形式)符合文章內(nèi)容，排除。第四段：...theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot...美國(guó)通過恐嚇式的關(guān)稅報(bào)復(fù)方式，迫使其他國(guó)家接受其新的貿(mào)易政策。由此可知，B項(xiàng)（美國(guó)經(jīng)常出于自身利益而使用懲罰威脅）符合文章內(nèi)容，排除。由此可以推斷C正確。

4.推斷題。文章指出:美國(guó)現(xiàn)行的貿(mào)易政策是以不同評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為前提,這一前提是依據(jù)1988年通過的《貿(mào)易和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力綜合法案》第301條至310條規(guī)定。這些規(guī)定使得美國(guó)可以通過恐嚇式的關(guān)稅報(bào)復(fù)方式，迫使其他國(guó)家接受其新的貿(mào)易政策。因此推測(cè)D項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。B項(xiàng)(美國(guó)的貿(mào)易政策違背了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué))比較能概括全文主旨。

5.單選題

Inthewife’seyes,his（）totheirmarriagelifeisfarfromperfect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.requirement

B.commitment

C.participation

D.reflection

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)requirement“要求”；B選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，保證”；C選項(xiàng)participation“參與，分享”；D選項(xiàng)reflection“反射，沉思”。句意：在妻子眼中，他對(duì)婚姻生活的承諾是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

6.單選題

Ⅳ.MichaelBrown’s2014deathinFerguson,Missourithrustpolice-officerinvolvedhomicidesintothepopularconsciousness.Aseriesofsubsequentofficer-involvedhomicideshaskepttheissuepoliticallyandlegallysalient.Despitethis,officialdatasourcesarethinandunreliable.Asinotherlargecities,shootingvictimsareoverwhelminglyminorities,withBlackpersonsconstitutingover80%ofvictims.Contrarytointuition,manyoftheofficershootersareminoritiesaswell.Theanalysisheresuggeststhatneitherracistmalevolencenorunconsciousbiasaffordcompleteexplanationsforwhyofficer-involvedshootingsoccur.Bothoftheseexplanatoryframeworksfocustoointensivelyuponindividualofficers’decision-makingattheexpenseofinstitutionalandsituationaldynamics.Scholarsandpolicymakersshouldfocusfarmoreintensivelyonregulatingbadpractices,ratherthanjustondiscipliningbadofficersfollowingegregiousincidents.Shiftingfocusinthiswaywillhelpidentifyconnectionsbetweeneverydaypolicingtacticsinminorityneighborhoods—suchasplainclothespolicingandaggressivestopandfrisk—andofficerinvolvedshootings.Thearticlealsoconcludesthatevidentiarychallengesmarposthocreviewofofficer-involvedshootings,whetheritisintheformofjudicialorcivilianreview.Thisalsounderscorestheimportanceofpreventiveregulation.

Thereisnoquantitativebenchmarkthatallowsonetoneatlyandobjectivelyproblematize(orrationalize)thehighnumbersofBlackandHispanicofficer-involvedshootingvictims.Claimingdisproportionalityrequiressignificantnormativejudgments.TheracialprofileofofficerinvolvedshootingvictimsintheIPRAReportsisdramaticallydisproportionatetothatofChicagoresidents.ComparableifnotquitesodramaticracialdisproportionalityholdsforothermunicipalitiesandtheUnitedStatesasawhole.ButtheIPRAReportssuggestthatthemajorityofshootingvictimswerearmedwhenshot.Thisshouldleadonetoaskwhetherthecity’soveralldemographicprofileistheproperbenchmarkformeasuringwhethershootingsareinordinatelyvisiteduponBlackandHispanicmen.Relatedisthequestionofwhatreferencepointshouldbeusedtoassesshowmanyshootingsaretoomany?Thesetwoquestionswillbefamiliartoanyonewhostudiesantidiscriminationlaw—establishingthefactofracialdisparityrequiresanappropriatecomparisongroup.Forexample,aplaintiffsuingamedicalemployerforracialdiscriminationinhiringofdoctorscouldnotpointtotheemployers’havinghiredfewerminoritiesthantheirshareofthegeneralpopulation.

1.Theunderlinedword“salient”isclosestinmeaningwith___inthesentence.

2.Whatcouldbetheintuitionreferredtobytheauthor?

3.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

4.Inthelastsentence,theauthorgivesanexampleofmedicalemploymenttoillustratethat___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noticeable

B.significant

C.outwards

D.jumpingout

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ManyofthevictimsareBlack.

B.Manyoftheofficershootersareminorities.

C.ManyoftheofficershootersareWhite.

D.Manyofthevictimsareminorities.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.badofficersfollowingegregiousincidentsarenotthecauseofofficer-involvedhomicides

B.racistmalevolenceandunconsciousbiashavenothingtodowithofficer-involvedhomicides

C.individualofficers’decision-makingisthecauseofofficer-involvedhomicides

D.scholarsandpolicymakersshouldnotfocusjustondiscipliningbadofficersfollowingegregiousincidents

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecity’soveralldemographicprofileistheproperbenchmarkformeasuring

B.establishingthefactofracialdisparityrequiresanappropriatecomparisongroup

C.Thereisnoquantitativebenchmarkthatallowsonetoproblematize(orrationalize)thehighnumbersofBlackandHispanicofficer-involvedshootingvictims

D.ComparabledramaticracialdisproportionalityholdsforothermunicipalitiesandtheUnitedStatesasawhole

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段劃線部分句子Aseriesofsubsequentofficer-involvedhomicideshaskepttheissuepoliticallyandlegallysalient.（隨后發(fā)生的一系列與警官有關(guān)的殺人案使這個(gè)問題在政治上和法律上都很重要）此處的salient表示“很突出，很重要”；A選項(xiàng)“顯而易見的，顯著的”；B選項(xiàng)“重大的（大的，重要的足以產(chǎn)生影響或引起注意的）；有效的；有意義的；值得注意的；意味深長(zhǎng)的”；C選項(xiàng)“向外地”；D選項(xiàng)“跳出”，C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)排除，和原文詞義不匹配，noticeable側(cè)重所描繪的事物引人注意，significant側(cè)重某事物由于特別優(yōu)秀或特別有意義而顯得重要與突出，此處significant更符合salient在句中的含義。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Contrarytointuition,manyoftheofficershootersareminoritiesaswell.（與直覺相反，許多槍擊警察的人也是少數(shù)族裔）推測(cè)出直覺為許多槍擊警察的人會(huì)是白人，選C選項(xiàng)“許多射擊警察的人是白人”；A選項(xiàng)“許多受害者是黑人”，D選項(xiàng)“許多受害者是少數(shù)民族”和受害者有關(guān)，而直覺是和槍擊警察的人有關(guān)，不匹配；B選項(xiàng)“許多槍擊警察的人都是少數(shù)民族”屬于原文中的內(nèi)容，和直覺相反，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Scholarsandpolicymakersshouldfocusfarmoreintensivelyonregulatingbadpractices,ratherthanjustondiscipliningbadofficersfollowingegregiousincidents.（學(xué)者和政策制定者應(yīng)該更加集中精力規(guī)范不良行為，而不是僅僅在發(fā)生惡劣事件后懲戒不良官員）可知選D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)者和政策制定者不應(yīng)該只關(guān)注在惡劣事件發(fā)生后懲罰壞官員”；A選項(xiàng)“糟糕的警官在發(fā)生令人震驚的事件后并不是涉及警官的殺人案的原因”第一段未明確指出；第一段Theanalysisheresuggeststhatneitherracistmalevolencenorunconsciousbiasaffordcompleteexplanationsforwhyofficer-involvedshootingsoccur.（這里的分析表明，無論是種族主義的惡意，還是無意識(shí)的偏見，都不能完全解釋與警察有關(guān)的槍擊事件發(fā)生的原因）只是說不能完全解釋，而不是沒有任何關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)“種族主義的惡意和無意識(shí)的偏見與警官參與的殺人案沒有任何關(guān)系，只是不能完全解釋”錯(cuò)誤；Bothoftheseexplanatoryframeworksfocustoointensivelyuponindividualofficers’decision-makingattheexpenseofinstitutionalandsituationaldynamics.（這兩種解釋框架都過于集中于個(gè)別軍官的決策，而犧牲了制度和情境的動(dòng)態(tài)）可知個(gè)人警官的決策并不能完全解釋與警察有關(guān)的槍擊事件發(fā)生的原因，C選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人警官的決策是涉及警官的殺人案的原因”太過片面。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句Forexample,aplaintiffsuingamedicalemployerforracialdiscriminationinhiringofdoctorscouldnotpointtotheemployers’havinghiredfewerminoritiesthantheirshareofthegeneralpopulation.（例如，一名原告起訴一名醫(yī)療雇主在雇用醫(yī)生時(shí)存在種族歧視，但不能指出該雇主雇用的少數(shù)族裔人數(shù)少于其在總?cè)丝谥兴急壤┙Y(jié)合上一句話Thesetwoquestionswillbefamiliartoanyonewhostudiesantidiscriminationlaw—establishingthefactofracialdisparityrequiresanappropriatecomparisongroup.（這兩個(gè)問題對(duì)任何研究反歧視法的人來說都很熟悉——建立種族差異的事實(shí)需要一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)照組）可知舉例是為了說明建立種族差異的事實(shí)需要一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)照組，選B選項(xiàng)“建立種族差異的事實(shí)需要一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)谋容^組”；A選項(xiàng)“城市的總體人口概況是衡量的適當(dāng)基準(zhǔn)”，C選項(xiàng)“沒有定量的基準(zhǔn)允許人們質(zhì)疑（或合理化）大量的黑人和西班牙裔警察參與的槍擊受害者”以及D選項(xiàng)“其他城市和整個(gè)美國(guó)都存在類似的戲劇性的種族不均衡現(xiàn)象”和原文不符合。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Customersmayalsobepermittedto（

）theircurrentaccountsforashortperiodinanticipationofacredititemcomingin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overextend

B.overdraw

C.overvalue

D.overpay

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)overextend“過分張開，過分?jǐn)U展”；B選項(xiàng)overdraw“透支”；C選項(xiàng)overvalue“對(duì)……估價(jià)過高，高估”；D選項(xiàng)overpay“付款過多，多付報(bào)酬”。根據(jù)currentaccounts（往來賬戶）可知B選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：客戶如預(yù)知有一筆存入款項(xiàng)即將辦理，也可短時(shí)期透支其往來賬戶。

8.單選題

Neitheroftheyoungmenwhohadappliedforthepositionintheuniversity____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenaccepted

B.havebeenaccepted

C.wasaccepted

D.wereaccepted

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.hasbeenaccepted已經(jīng)被錄取B.havebeenaccepted已經(jīng)被錄取

C.wasaccepted被錄取D.wereaccepted被錄取

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主謂一致與時(shí)態(tài)一致

【解題思路】本句主語為neitheroftheyoungmen，neither做主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，但是用單數(shù)更正式，單選題中單復(fù)數(shù)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，選擇單數(shù)形式為最佳；另外，原文中定語從句部分使用了過去完成時(shí)（hadapplied），因此主句部分也應(yīng)使用一個(gè)過去的時(shí)態(tài)，通常是一般過去時(shí)。因此，C選項(xiàng)wasaccepted“被錄取”符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)hasbeenaccepted時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)；

B選項(xiàng)havebeenaccepted，復(fù)數(shù)沒有單數(shù)合適，時(shí)態(tài)也不對(duì)；

D選項(xiàng)wereaccepted，復(fù)數(shù)沒有單數(shù)合適。

【句意】?jī)蓚€(gè)申請(qǐng)這個(gè)大學(xué)的職位的年輕人都沒有被錄取。

9.單選題

Thenewtouristhotelissaidtohave

foroveronethousandguests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convenience

B.capacities

C.accommodations

D.capability

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。convenience“方便”；capacities“容量；能力”；accommodations“住房，住宿”；capability“才能，能力”。句意：據(jù)說這家新的旅游旅館能容納一千多名客人。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Any（

）futurereligionmusttakeseriouslytheimplicationsforreligionoftheremarkablediscoveriesofthemodernnaturalandhumansciences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflexive

B.viable

C.familial

D.secular

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reflexive“反身的；反射性的”；B選項(xiàng)viable“可行的；能養(yǎng)活的”；C選項(xiàng)familial“家族的；家庭的；遺傳的”；D選項(xiàng)secular“世俗的；長(zhǎng)期的；不朽的”句意：任何……的未來的宗教都要重視現(xiàn)代自然和人文科學(xué)的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)它的影響。由句意可知句中應(yīng)表示“長(zhǎng)久存在的宗教”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Organicarchitecture—thatis,naturalarchitecture—maybevariedinconceptandform,butitisalwaysfaithfultonaturalprinciples.Organicarchitecturerejectsrulesimposedbyindividualpreferenceormereaestheticsinordertoremaintruetothenatureofthesite,thematerials,thepurposeofthestructure,andthepeoplewhowillultimatelyuseit.Ifthesenaturalprinciplesareupheld,thenabankcannotbebuilttolooklikeaGreektemple.Formdoesnotfollowfunction;formisinseparablefromfunction.Inotherwords,abuildingshouldbeinspiredbynature’sformsandconstructedwithmaterialsthatretainandrespectthenaturalcharacteristicsofthesettingtocreateharmonywithitsnaturalenvironment.Itshouldmaximizepeople’scontactwithandutilizationoftheoutdoors.

Naturalprinciplesthenareprinciplesofdesign,notstyle,expressedbyconstructionthatreflectsunity,balance,proportion,rhythm,andscale.Likeasculptor,theorganicarchitectviewsthesiteandmaterialsasaninnateformthatshapesanddevelopsorganicallyfromwithin.Truthinarchitectureresultsinanatural,spontaneousstructureintotalharmonywiththesetting.Forthemostpart,thesestructuresfindtheirgeometricthemesinthecontoursofthelandandtheircolorsinthesurroundingpaletteofnature.

Fromtheoutside,anorganicstructureissomuchapartofnaturethatitisoftenobscuredbyit.Inotherwords,itmaynotbepossiblefortheeyetoeasilyseparatetheman-madestructurefromthenaturalterrain.Fromtheinside,roomsopenintoeachother.Naturallight,air,andviewpermeatethewholestructure,providingasenseofcommunicationwiththeoutdoors.

26.Inorganicarchitecture,whichofthefollowingistrue?

27.Agoodexampleofnaturalprinciplesisa（）.

28.Whydoestheauthorcompareanorganicarchitecttoasculptor?

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthearchitect’sviewofnature?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Formfollowsfunction.

B.Functionfollowsform.

C.Functionisnotimportanttoform.

D.Formandfunctionareone.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.bankthatisbuilttolooklikeaGreektemple

B.bankbuiltsothatthelocationisunimportanttothestructure

C.bankthatisbuilttoconformtothenaturalsurroundings

D.bankthatisbuilttobebeautifulratherthanfunctional

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizeaesthetics.

B.Togiveanexampleofnaturalprinciples.

C.Tomakeapointaboutthedevelopmentofgeometry.

D.Todemonstratetheimportanceofstyle.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Natureshouldbeconquered.

B.Natureshouldnotbeconsidered.

C.Natureshouldberespected.

D.Natureshouldbeimproved.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】26.推理判斷題。定位在第一段Formdoesnotfollowfunction;formisinseparablefromfunction.（形式并不遵循功能，形式不能從功能上分割出來。）由此可知，形式和功能是一體的。因此D選項(xiàng)“形式和功能是一體的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“形式遵循功能”，B選項(xiàng)“功能遵循形式”，C選項(xiàng)“功能對(duì)形式并不重要”，均不符合題意，故選D。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文Ifthesenaturalprinciplesareupheld,thenabankcannotbebuilttolooklikeaGreektemple（如果堅(jiān)持這些自然原則，那么銀行不能建造像一座希臘神廟）Inotherwords,abuildingshouldbeinspiredbynature’sformsandconstructedwithmaterialsthatretainandrespectthenaturalcharacteristicsofthesettingtocreateharmonywithitsnaturalenvironment.（換句話說，一座建筑應(yīng)該受到自然形式的啟發(fā)，用那些保持和尊重所在地點(diǎn)的自然特點(diǎn)的材料建造而成，從而達(dá)到與自然環(huán)境的和諧統(tǒng)一。）可以推論出，遵守自然原則的好例子是建造一所與其自然環(huán)境一致的銀行。因此C選項(xiàng)“為適應(yīng)自然環(huán)境而建的銀行”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“建得像希臘神廟的銀行”，B選項(xiàng)“銀行的建造地點(diǎn)對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)不重要”，D選項(xiàng)“銀行是為了美觀而不是實(shí)用”均不符合題意，故選C。

28.推理判斷題。定位到第二段的第一句Naturalprinciplesthenareprinciplesofdesign,notstyle,expressedbyconstructionthatreflectsunity,balance,proportion,rhythm,andscale.（自然原則是設(shè)計(jì)的原則，不是風(fēng)格上的，通過反映統(tǒng)一、平衡、比例、節(jié)奏和比例的結(jié)構(gòu)來體現(xiàn)。）緊接著就舉例與有機(jī)建筑師和雕塑家進(jìn)行比較，從而進(jìn)一步說明自然原則。因此B選項(xiàng)“給自然原則所舉的例子”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“來強(qiáng)調(diào)美學(xué)”；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)幾何學(xué)的發(fā)展提出一點(diǎn)看法”；D選項(xiàng)“闡述風(fēng)格的重要性”均與題意不符。故選B。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第一句Organicarchitecture—thatis,naturalarchitecture—maybevariedinconceptandform,butitisalwaysfaithfultonaturalprinciples.（有機(jī)建筑，也就是自然建筑，在概念和形式上可能是不同的，但它始終忠實(shí)于自然原則。）本文主要說明了有機(jī)建筑，其核心是自然原則。由此可知建筑師是忠實(shí)于自然的。因此C選項(xiàng)“自然應(yīng)該得到尊重”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該征服自然”，B選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該考慮自然”，D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該要改善自然”均不符合題意。故選C。

12.單選題

Hewasabeautifulhorsethatlookedasthoughhe______outofapaintingbyXuBeihong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.come

B.hascome

C.iscoming

D.hadcome

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：它是一匹很漂亮的馬，好像是從徐悲鴻的畫里出來的。asthough引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。主句Hewasabeautifulhorse是過去時(shí)，所以從句用過去完成時(shí)hadcome。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.翻譯題

貫穿我們整個(gè)歷史，我們一直在考察星星，思考人類是否是唯一的高級(jí)生命，還是也許在黑暗的夜空某一處，還有其他生命，宇宙中同輩思想家，也和我們一樣在思考和在懷疑。這類生命可能不同于我們看待他們自己和宇宙。那里也許會(huì)有異乎尋常的生物學(xué)、技術(shù)和社會(huì)。在這人們難以想象的廣袤而古老的宇宙蒼穹中，我們是有點(diǎn)孤寂，我們思考著我們小而精微的藍(lán)色星球的最終意義，假如有意義的話。探索來自外星的信息就是為人類探索能接受的宇宙淵源背景。從深層意義上說，探索外星的信息就是探索我們自己。隨著人們?cè)絹碓酵渡碛谶@一嚴(yán)肅的探索事業(yè)，一個(gè)稍帶否定含義但很有趣的音符出現(xiàn)了。最近，有一些科學(xué)家提出一個(gè)難以解釋的問題：如果外星來的信息量很大，那我們?yōu)槭裁礇]有看出其表現(xiàn)的形式呢？

【答案】【參考譯文】

Throughallofourhistory,wehaveponderedthestarsandmusedwhetherhumanityisuniqueorifsomewhereelseinthedarkofthenightsky,thereareotherbeingswhocontemplateandwonderaswedo,fellowthinkersinthecosmos.Suchbeingsmightviewthemselvesandtheuniversedifferently.Theremightbeveryexoticbiologyandtechnologyandsociety.Inacosmicsettingvastandoldbeyondordinaryhumanunderstanding,wearealittlelonely,andwepondertheultimatesignificance,ifany,ofourtinybutexquisiteblueplanet.Thesearchforextraterrestrialintelligenceisthesearchforgenerallyacceptablecosmiccontextforthehumanspecies.Inthedeepestsense,thesearchforextraterrestrialintelligenceisasearchforourselves.Alongwiththegrowingdedicationtoaserioussearch,aslightlynegativenotehasmergedwhichisneverthelessveryinteresting.Afewscientistshavelatelyaskedacuriousquestion:ifextraterrestrialintelligenceisabundant,whyhavewenotalreadyseenitsmanifestations?

14.單選題

Peoplewithagreatdealof（

）oftenhaveadmiringfriendsandbitterenemies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quality

B.appearance

C.personality

D.characters

【答案】C

【解析】agreatdealof后面接不可數(shù)名詞，首先排除選項(xiàng)D；再根據(jù)句意可知，選項(xiàng)C更符合語境。句意：很有個(gè)性的人往往有仰慕他的朋友和充滿仇恨的敵人。

15.單選題

AUNreportsaysthatmalnutritionisoneofthecommon______ofthepoorinAfrica.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affections

B.appeasements

C.afflictions

D.attainments

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)affection“喜愛，感情，影響”，B項(xiàng)appeasement“緩和，平息，姑息”，C項(xiàng)affliction“苦難，苦惱，折磨”，D項(xiàng)attainment“達(dá)到，成就，學(xué)識(shí)”。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少一個(gè)表語修飾主語malnutrition“營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“苦難，折磨”符合語境。句意：一份聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告稱，營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良是非洲窮人普遍遭受的折磨之一。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

TheFrenchmathematiciandeLaplacenextreasonedthatifenoughmass（

）addedtoastarlikethesun,thegravitationalforceofthestar（

）eventuallypreventlightparticlesfromleavingit;itwouldtherefore“blinkout”andbecomeaninvisibleblackstar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.were...would

B.was...would

C.was...wouldhave

D.were...wouldhave

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)詞的過去形式可知本題考查if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。第一空條件從句中，如果使用一般過去時(shí)則表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬，be動(dòng)詞固定用were；相應(yīng)的主句應(yīng)使用would+動(dòng)詞原形表示。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthcenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished.However,especiallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycle,oreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistentandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclecouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modernsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolaractivityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon________.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivity,astheyaredescribedinPara.3,isaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturiesChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatstudiesattemptingtousetree-ringthicknesstolocatepossiblelinksbetweensolarperiodicityandterrestrialclimatearebasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outliningthespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysics

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Inbothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.InonemodeltheSun’smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelcyclesofsolaractivitywithperiodicitieslongerthanafewdecadesareconsideredtobeimpossible,whereasintheothermodelsuchcyclesarepredicted.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredictedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimumcannotberelatedtoclimate.

C.TheyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeoftheMaunderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesolar-activitycycleexistedinitspresentformduringthetimeperiodinwhichthetreeringsgrew.

B.Thebiologicalmechanismscausingtreegrowthareunaffectedbyshort-termweatherpatterns.

C.Bothterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycyclerandomlyaffecttree-ringthickness.

D.Tree-ringthicknessreflectchangesinterrestrialclimate.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3