考研考博-英語-云南新興職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南新興職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。compelling“強(qiáng)制的”；forced“被迫的”；obliged“有責(zé)任的”；compulsory“必修的，義務(wù)的”。句意：在蘇格蘭，就像在英國的其他地方一樣，義務(wù)教育是從5歲到16歲。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Theauthoritiesclaimthattherateofcrimeisdeclining,butstatisticsshow______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clockwise

B.otherwise

C.elsewhere

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)clockwise“順時(shí)針方向地”；B選項(xiàng)otherwise“另外，否則”；C選項(xiàng)elsewhere“在別處；到別處”；D選項(xiàng)likewise“同樣地；也”。句意：當(dāng)局聲稱犯罪率正在下降，但數(shù)據(jù)卻沒顯示……。根據(jù)but可知，句型表示轉(zhuǎn)折，只有選項(xiàng)B表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

InmyOpinion,agooddealofthe（）fortheirsuccessmustgotoJohnFrancis,thecaptain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reputation

B.respect

C.credit

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reputation“名聲，名譽(yù)”；respect“尊重”；credit“功勞；信譽(yù)”；compliment“贊美”。句意：在我看來，他們的成功主要?dú)w功于他們的隊(duì)長約翰。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.寫作題

Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.UsethespaceprovidedonyourAnswerSheetII.

TOPICManypeoplejudgethevalueofthingsbytheirpracticalityorusefulness.Whatisyouropiniononthistopic?Supportyourargumentwithreasonsorexamples.

【答案】【參考范文】

Peopletendtojudgethevalueofthingsbytheirpracticalityorusefulness.AlthoughIunderstandwhypeopledoso,Istillholdthatthevalueofthingsshouldnotbejudgedonlybytheirpracticalityorusefulness.

Tostartwith,thevalueofthingscannotbejudgedbyanyone-dimensionalstandard.Athingmayhavedifferentvaluesintheeyesofdifferentpeople.Judgingthevalueofthingsbytheirpracticalityorusefulnessisjustonedimensionbutnotnecessarilythebestdimension.Fromamundaneoutlook,practicalthingsmaybringpeoplemorebenefitsandrewards.Lookingfromahistoricalperspective,wecouldfindtheoriginofsuchautilitarianoutlookinsomehardtimes.Duringthosehistoricalperiodswhenascarcityoffoodwasaubiquitousphenomenon,survivalwasoftheutmostpriority,andjudgingthevalueofthingsfromtheirusefulnesscouldensurehumanbeing’ssurvivaltoamaximumextent.Afterall,therewaslittlechanceforpeopletowastetheirpreciousresourcesonuselessthings.

However,asthelivingstandardisrisinghigherandhigherinmodernsociety,nowadayspeoplearemuchlessworriedabouttheadequacyoflivingsubstancesthantheywereinthebygoneages.Atthistime,howtojudgethevalueofthingshasbecomeamultidimensionalchoice.Someindividualsbegintocherishspiritualoraestheticvalueofthings.Newgenerationsareoftenpursuingdifferentkindsofvalueinapostmodernsociety,andthepracticalityisnolongerthesinglestandardtomeasurethevalueofthings.

Furthermore,theaestheticvalueofthingsisalsoadimensionwhichdeservesourattention.Fewofuscouldresistthetemptationofabeautifulfreshflower,aswellasthehealingpowerofanunforgettablemelody,andthecolorfulglamourofanexquisitepainting.Theremaybelittlepracticaluseinartorartisticobjects,buttheydohaveavalueintheeyesofanappreciatingadmirer.Althoughthespiritualvalueofathinglooksintangible,itcouldreallyexertaprofoundinfluenceonpeople.Forinstance,gazingattheworldfamouspainting“Sunflower”onthewall,wecouldfeelVincentvanGogh’sburningvitalityandgetinspiredwhenweareinagloomymood.ListeningtoMozart’smusicdohelpusrelaxinapleasantmood.

Therefore,therearemanywayswecanemploytomeasurethevalueofthings.Itisone-sidedtojudgethevalueofthingsonlybytheirpracticalityorusefulness.

5.單選題

Itisalsobelievedthatthesesteroidscouldbeusedtotreatdisorderssuchasacuteanxietyandpremenstrualsyndrome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enmity

B.symptom

C.adversity

D.plaintiff

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.enmity敵意B.symptom癥狀

C.adversity逆境D.plaintiff原告

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析

【解題思路】原句中劃線詞受premenstrual“經(jīng)期前的”修飾，并且與acuteanxiety“急性焦慮”并列；原詞syndrome“綜合癥狀”。因此，B選項(xiàng)symptom“癥狀”與原詞最接近，最符合原句句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句句意。

【句意】人們也認(rèn)為，這些類固醇可以用于治療急性焦慮和經(jīng)前綜合癥等疾病。

6.單選題

Proteinsynthesisbeginswhenthegeneencodingaproteinisactivated.Thegene’ssequenceofnucleotidesistranscribedintoamoleculeofmessengerRNA(mRNA),whichreproducestheinformationcontainedinthatsequence.Transportedoutsidethenucleustothecytoplasm,themRNAistranslatedintotheproteinitencodesbyanorganelleknownasaribosome,whichstringstogetheraminoacidsintheorderspecifiedbythesequenceofelementsinthemRNAmolecule.SincetheamountofmRNAinacelldeterminestheamountofthecorrespondingprotein,factorsaffectingtheabundanceofmRNA’splayamajorpartinthenormalfunctioningofacellbyappropriatelyregulatingproteinsynthesis.Forexample,anexcessofcertainproteinscancausecellstoproliferateabnormallyandbecomecancerous;alackoftheproteininsulinresultsindiabetes.

BiologistsonceassumedthatthevariableratesatwhichcellssynthesizedifferentmRNA’sdeterminesthequantitiesofmRNA’sandtheircorrespondingproteinsinacell.However,recentinvestigationshaveshownthattheconcentrationsofmostmRNA’scorrelatebest,notwiththeirsynthesisrate,butratherwiththeequallyvariableratesatwhichcellsdegradethedifferentmRNA’sintheircytoplasm.IfacelldegradesbotharapidlyandaslowlysynthesizedmRNAslowly,bothmRNA’swillaccumulatetohighlevels.

Animportantexampleofthisphenomenonisthedevelopmentofredbloodcellsfromtheirunspecializedparentcellsinbonemarrow.Forredbloodcellstoaccumulatesufficientconcentrationsofhemoglobin(whichtransportsoxygen)tocarryouttheirmainfunction,thecells’parentcellsmustsimultaneouslyproducemoreoftheconstituentproteinsofhemoglobinandlessofmostotherproteins.Todothis,theparentcellshaltsynthesisofnon-hemoglobinmRNA’sinthenucleusandrapidlydegradecopiesofthenon-hemoglobinmRNA’sremaininginthecytoplasm.HaltingsynthesisofmRNAalonewouldnotaffectthequantitiesofproteinssynthesizedbythemRNA’sstillexistinginthecytoplasm.BiologistsnowbelievethatmostcellscanregulateproteinproductionmostefficientlybyvaryingbothmRNAsynthesisanddegradation,asdevelopingredcellsdo,ratherthanbyjustvaryingoneortheother.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingthe________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanhappenwhen,proteinisnotappropriatelyregulated?

3.Theaccumulationofconcentrationsofhemoglobininredbloodcellsismentionedinthepassageasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthesecondandthirdparagraphsofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.influenceofmRNAconcentrationsonthedevelopmentofredbloodcells

B.roleofthesynthesisanddegradationofmRNAincellfunctioning

C.mechanismbywhichgenesaretranscribedintomRNA

D.differencesinmRNAconcentrationsincellnucleiandinthecytoplasm

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.DiabetescanresultfromerrorsthatoccurwhentheribosomestranslatemRNAintoprotein.

B.Adeficiencyofredbloodcellscanoccurifbonemarrowcellsproducetoomuchmechanism.

C.Cancercanresultfromanexcessofcertainproteinsanddiabetescanresultfromaninsulindeficiency.

D.ExcessivesynthesisofoneproteincantriggerincreaseddegradationofmRNA’sforotherproteinsandcreatesevereproteinimbalances.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheeffectivenessofsimultaneousvariationoftheratesofsynthesisanddegradationofmRNA

B.Theroleoftheribosomeinenablingaparentcelltodevelopproperlyintoamorespecializedform.

C.Theimportanceofactivatingthegenesforparticularproteinsatthecorrectmoment.

D.ThekindofevidenceforsupportofaviewofmRNAsynthesisthatisnowconsideredobsolete.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesecondparagraphpresentsargumentsinsupportofanewtheoryandthethirdparagraphpresentsargumentsagainstthattheory.

B.Thesecondparagraphdescribesatraditionalviewandthethirdparagraphdescribestheviewthathasreplaceditonthebasisofrecentinvestigations.

C.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaninvestigationthatwasundertakentoresolveproblemsdescribedinthesecondparagraph.

D.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaspecificcaseofaphenomenonthatisdescribedgenerallyinthesecondparagraph.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingthe________.本文主要討論了________。

A.influenceofmRNAconcentrationsonthedevelopmentofredbloodcellsA.信使核糖核苷酸濃度對(duì)紅細(xì)胞發(fā)育的影響

B.roleofthesynthesisanddegradationofmRNAincellfunctioningB.信使核糖核苷酸的合成和降解在細(xì)胞功能中的作用

C.mechanismbywhichgenesaretranscribedintomRNAC.基因被轉(zhuǎn)換成信使核糖核苷酸的機(jī)制

D.differencesinmRNAconcentrationsincellnucleiandinthecytoplasmD.細(xì)胞核和細(xì)胞質(zhì)中信使核糖核苷酸濃度的差異

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章在第一段在第一句“當(dāng)編碼蛋白質(zhì)的基因被激活時(shí)，蛋白質(zhì)合成就開始了（Proteinsynthesisbegins）。”引出話題，然后講述信使核糖核苷酸的合成；第二段講述信使核糖核苷酸的降解，在第二段最后一句總結(jié)“如果一個(gè)細(xì)胞同時(shí)降解（degrades）快速合成和緩慢合成的信使核糖核酸，這兩種信使核糖核酸的濃度都會(huì)累積到很高的水平?！?；第三段在最后一句總結(jié)“大多數(shù)細(xì)胞可以通過改變信使核糖核酸的合成和降解來最有效地調(diào)節(jié)蛋白質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生（regulateproteinproductionmostefficiently）”，點(diǎn)出信使核糖核酸的合成和降解對(duì)細(xì)胞的作用。綜上所述，本文分別講述了信使核糖核酸的合成和降解及其在細(xì)胞中的作用，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“信使核糖核苷酸濃度對(duì)紅細(xì)胞發(fā)育的影響”：這是第三段的內(nèi)容，不能概括全文，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“基因被轉(zhuǎn)換成信使核糖核苷酸的機(jī)制”：這是第一段的內(nèi)容，不能概括全文，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“細(xì)胞核和細(xì)胞質(zhì)中信使核糖核苷酸濃度的差異”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanhappenwhen,proteinisnotappropriatelyregulated?根據(jù)這篇文章，當(dāng)?shù)鞍踪|(zhì)沒有得到適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)節(jié)時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)生下列哪一種情況？

A.DiabetescanresultfromerrorsthatoccurwhentheribosomestranslatemRNAintoprotein.A.糖尿病可能是由于核糖體將信使核糖核酸轉(zhuǎn)換成蛋白質(zhì)時(shí)發(fā)生的錯(cuò)誤。

B.Adeficiencyofredbloodcellscanoccurifbonemarrowcellsproducetoomuchmechanism.B.如果骨髓細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過多的機(jī)制，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)紅細(xì)胞不足。

C.Cancercanresultfromanexcessofcertainproteinsanddiabetescanresultfromaninsulindeficiency.C.某些蛋白質(zhì)過量可能導(dǎo)致癌癥，胰島素缺乏可能導(dǎo)致糖尿病。

D.ExcessivesynthesisofoneproteincantriggerincreaseddegradationofmRNA’sforotherproteinsandcreatesevereproteinimbalances.D.過量合成一種蛋白質(zhì)會(huì)引發(fā)其他蛋白質(zhì)信使核糖核酸的降解，并造成嚴(yán)重的蛋白質(zhì)失衡。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞appropriatelyregulated定位到第一段倒數(shù)二句，該處講到“因子通過適當(dāng)?shù)卣{(diào)節(jié)蛋白質(zhì)的合成（byappropriatelyregulatingproteinsynthesis），在細(xì)胞的正常功能中起著重要作用?！保Y(jié)合該段最后一句“例如（Forexample），某些蛋白質(zhì)過量（excessofcertainproteins）會(huì)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞異常增殖并癌變（cancerous），缺乏胰島素蛋白（alackoftheproteininsulin）會(huì)導(dǎo)致糖尿病（diabetes）。”，可知蛋白質(zhì)沒有得到適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整，其結(jié)果是某些蛋白質(zhì)過量可能導(dǎo)致癌癥，胰島素缺乏可能導(dǎo)致糖尿病，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“糖尿病可能是由于核糖體將信使核糖核酸轉(zhuǎn)換成蛋白質(zhì)時(shí)發(fā)生了錯(cuò)誤”：糖尿病的病因不是這個(gè)，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“如果骨髓細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過多的機(jī)制，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)紅細(xì)胞不足”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“過量合成一種蛋白質(zhì)會(huì)引發(fā)其他蛋白質(zhì)信使核糖核酸的降解，并造成嚴(yán)重的蛋白質(zhì)失衡”：文中沒有提到過量合成一種蛋白質(zhì)會(huì)引發(fā)其他蛋白質(zhì)信使核糖核酸的降解，屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theaccumulationofconcentrationsofhemoglobininredbloodcellsismentionedinthepassageasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?紅細(xì)胞中血紅蛋白濃度的積累是作為下列哪一選項(xiàng)的例子？

A.TheeffectivenessofsimultaneousvariationoftheratesofsynthesisanddegradationofmRNA.A.信使核糖核酸合成和降解同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換的速率有效性。

B.Theroleoftheribosomeinenablingaparentcelltodevelopproperlyintoamorespecializedform.B.核糖體在使母細(xì)胞發(fā)育成更特殊形式中的作用。

C.Theimportanceofactivatingthegenesforparticularproteinsatthecorrectmoment.C.在正確時(shí)刻激活特定蛋白質(zhì)基因的重要性。

D.ThekindofevidenceforsupportofaviewofmRNAsynthesisthatisnowconsideredobsolete.D.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)淘汰的信使核糖核酸合成觀點(diǎn)的證據(jù)。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞concentrationsofhemoglobin定位到第三段第二句，該處講到“為了使紅細(xì)胞積累足夠濃度的血紅蛋白（Forredbloodcellstoaccumulatesufficientconcentrationsofhemoglobin）”，該段第一句“這一現(xiàn)象（thisphenomenon）的重要例子（example）是……”起承上啟下的作用，這里的example指的是題干中的例子，phenomenon指的是第二段最后兩句“大多數(shù)信使核糖核酸的濃度與細(xì)胞降解細(xì)胞質(zhì)中不同信使核糖核酸的相同轉(zhuǎn)換速率（equallyvariablerates）最為相關(guān)。如果一個(gè)細(xì)胞同時(shí)降解快速合成和緩慢合成的信使核糖核酸（degradesbotharapidlyandaslowlysynthesizedmRNA），這兩種信使核糖核酸的濃度都會(huì)累積到很高的水平。”，可知舉例是為了說明信使核糖核酸可以同時(shí)進(jìn)行合成和降解的轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“核糖體在使母細(xì)胞發(fā)育成更特殊形式中的作用”：文中沒有提到母細(xì)胞發(fā)育成更特殊形式，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“在正確時(shí)刻激活特定蛋白質(zhì)基因的重要性”：文中沒有提到應(yīng)該在什么時(shí)候激活特定蛋白質(zhì)基因，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)淘汰的信使核糖核酸合成觀點(diǎn)的證據(jù)”：這個(gè)例子不是為了證明已經(jīng)淘汰的信使核糖核酸合成觀點(diǎn)，而是證明屬于最新研究的觀點(diǎn)，屬于張冠李戴。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthesecondandthirdparagraphsofthepassage?下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最恰當(dāng)?shù)孛枋隽宋恼碌诙魏偷谌沃g的關(guān)系？

A.Thesecondparagraphpresentsargumentsinsupportofanewtheoryandthethirdparagraphpresentsargumentsagainstthattheory.A.第二段提出支持一個(gè)新理論的論點(diǎn)，第三段提出反對(duì)那個(gè)理論的論點(diǎn)。

B.Thesecondparagraphdescribesatraditionalviewandthethirdparagraphdescribestheviewthathasreplaceditonthebasisofrecentinvestigations.B.第二段描述了傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)，第三段描述了根據(jù)最近的調(diào)查而取代它的觀點(diǎn)。

C.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaninvestigationthatwasundertakentoresolveproblemsdescribedinthesecondparagraph.C.第三段敘述了為解決第二段所述問題而進(jìn)行的研究。

D.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaspecificcaseofaphenomenonthatisdescribedgenerallyinthesecondparagraph.D.第三段列舉第二段大致描述的現(xiàn)象的具體例子。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞secondandthirdparagraphs定位到第三段第一句，該處講到“這一現(xiàn)象的重要例子是（Animportantexampleofthisphenomenon）紅細(xì)胞從非特化骨髓母細(xì)胞發(fā)育而來?！保鴗hisphenomenon指的是第二段最后兩句“最近的研究表明……”，可知第三段是第二段觀點(diǎn)的例子，對(duì)其進(jìn)行佐證，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“第二段提出支持某個(gè)新理論的論點(diǎn)，第三段提出反對(duì)那個(gè)理論的論點(diǎn)”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第一句“生物學(xué)家曾經(jīng)假定（onceassumed）……”以及該段第二句“然而（However），最近的研究（recentinvestigations）表明……”，第二段已經(jīng)提出了兩個(gè)論點(diǎn)，第三段舉例論證，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“第二段描述了傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)，第三段描述了根據(jù)最近的調(diào)查而取代它的觀點(diǎn)”：這兩種觀點(diǎn)都是第二段的內(nèi)容，本選項(xiàng)只講到第二段的內(nèi)容，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“第三段敘述了為解決第二段所述問題而進(jìn)行的研究”：第三段不是在講述研究人員進(jìn)行的科學(xué)研究，而是通過闡述事實(shí)舉例子，屬于偷換概念。

7.填空題

（1）hestudiedinAmericaforthreeyears,hecan’twriteEnglishverywell.Heisratherembarrassedbythisnow.He（2）hehadnotspentmoretime（3）hiswrittenEnglishwhilehewasabroad.

句意:盡管在美國學(xué)習(xí)過三年，但是他的英語書寫能力卻很差。這讓他現(xiàn)在倍感尷尬。他說自己在國外時(shí)沒有在書面英語上花較多的時(shí)間。

【答案】1.Although

2.said

3.on

【解析】1.邏輯分析?？崭袼诰渥优c其后面句子構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系。

2.語義題。用said表示“說過”。

3.固定搭配。Spendtimeon花時(shí)間在某事上。

8.單選題

Weaponsofmassdestructionmustbestrictlyforbidden.Otherwise,ifanuclearwarstarted,itwouldbethecataclysmforallhumankind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.termination

B.destruction

C.devastation

D.calamity

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞cataclysm意為“災(zāi)難；大洪水，地震；（社會(huì)政治的）大變動(dòng)”；A選項(xiàng)“termination”意為“結(jié)束，終止”；B選項(xiàng)“destruction”意為“破壞，毀滅；摧毀”；C選項(xiàng)“devastation”意為“毀壞，荒廢”；D選項(xiàng)“calamity”意為“災(zāi)難；不幸事件”。句意：必須嚴(yán)格禁止大規(guī)模毀滅性武器。否則，一旦核戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，將是全人類的大災(zāi)難。由題干可知，ifanuclearwarstarted（一旦核戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)）對(duì)全人類而言肯定是一場災(zāi)難。由此可知，cataclysm在此處最可能是“災(zāi)難”的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredtofromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII，morethan10,000people-mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany-werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatseathundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogoclown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinwaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.“I’llneverforgetthescreams.”saysChristaNtilzinann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgrave-andintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.

NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGtinterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000children-withhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear;doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater.“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklytheWoche:“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergyleftlotellofourownsufferings.’’

ThelongsilencethesinkingoftheWilhelmGuslloffwasprobablyunavoidable-andnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslongtroubledhistory,forthat,ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’venowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.

1.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?

2.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen（

）.

3.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutfarmorethanhalfacenturybecauseGermans

（

）.

4.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy??

5.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.

B.Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.

C.Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.

D.Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.astrongicestormtiltedship

B.thecruiseshipsankallofasudden

C.thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside

D.thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wereeagertowininternationalacceptance

B.feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarⅡ

C.hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit

D.wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.

B.Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail.

C.BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklytheWoche.

D.Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofFtragedy

B.theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation’spastmisdeeds

C.GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII

D.itiswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第一句提到“這是航海史上最大的悲劇，死亡人數(shù)是泰坦尼克號(hào)的六倍”（Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第三句話提到“一場暴風(fēng)雪將甲板變成了冰封的床單，當(dāng)船傾斜時(shí)，成百上千的家庭滑入了大?！保ˋnicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatseathundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogoclown），選項(xiàng)C“嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞的船傾斜向一邊”符合題意。

3.文章第二段最后一句提到“因?yàn)槲覀兊聡艘?fù)責(zé)的罪行太多，所以我們沒有余力去訴說我們自己的苦難”（BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergyleftlotellofourownsufferings），選項(xiàng)B“為他們在二戰(zhàn)中的罪行感到愧疚”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句提到“（小說）沒有詳細(xì)敘述船的沉沒，女主人公是一個(gè)懷孕的年輕女性，幸免于難的她后來只是說不管在東德還是西德，沒有人想聽關(guān)于它的事情”（doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到“但是甚至在政治上最正確的德國人也相信他們已經(jīng)贏得了去討論整個(gè)歷史記錄的權(quán)利。不是去拿德國人的苦難與他們導(dǎo)致的受害者的苦難等同起來，而是簡單地承認(rèn)一次可怕的悲劇”（ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’venowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Itiswellknownthatknowledgeisthe（）conditionforexpansionofmind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indispensable

B.incredible

C.indefinite

D.incompatible

【答案】A

【解析】句意:眾所周知，知識(shí)是拓展思維的必備條件。

考查形容詞辨析。indispensable不可缺少的，必不可少的；incredible驚人的，不可思議的；indefinite無限期的，不明確的；incompatible不相容的，不匹配的。故A符合句意。

11.名詞解釋

Theyearof2009willbringanavalancheofbooks,lectures,televisionprogramsandarticlesonCharlesDarwin.(1)Itis200yearssincehewasbomand150yearssincehewaspushedtopublishhisontheOriginofSpeciesearlierthanheintendedbythearrivalofaletterfromAlfred

RusselWallace,thenaturalistwho,independently,hadthesametheoryofnaturalselectionthat

Darwinhadsupposedallhisown.

SinceDarwinwasn’taloneinthinkingupthetheoryofnaturalselectionorinassemblingevidenceinsupportofevolution,arewerighttomakesuchasonganddanceofhisanniversary?Theshortansweris“yes”.(2)theOriginofSpeciesisthemostimportantbiologybookyetwrittenandDarwinhasdoneasmuchasanyone,includingCopernicus,Newton,MarxandFreud,

tochangehowweseeourselves.

WhydoesDarwinianworldviewmattersmorethanever?Aboveall,Darwindecentershumanity.InthishecompletestheworkthatCopernicusandGalileobegan.WearenotthecentreoftheUniverse.TheUniverseexistedlongbeforewecameonthescene.(3)Thisdecenteringdoesnot,ofcourse,meanthatwematteranytheless.Rather,ithelpsustoappreciatethatwedonotsitinadistinctcategoryfromtherestofcreation.Thegreatapesthatareheadingtowardsextinctioninthewildandarestillusedinsomecountriesformedicalresearchreallyareourrelatives.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(2).

【答案】1：Hewasborn200yearsagoandhisOntheOriginofSpecieswaspublished150yearsago,whichwasearlierthanhehadplanned,becauseanaturalistcalledAlfredRusselWallacehadwrittentoDarwintoencouragehimtodoso.AlfredsharedthetheoryofnaturalselectionthatDarwinhadthoughtoutbyhimself.

2：ThebookOntheOriginofSpeciesismoreimportantthananyotherbiologybookthathaseverbeenwritten,andDarwin’scontributiontochangeourworldviewequalsthoseofCopernicus,Newton,MarxandFreud.

3：Certainly,thefactthatwearenotthecenteroftheuniversedoesindicatethatwearenotimportant.

12.單選題

Languageproblemsare（）byculturalmisunderstandings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decreased

B.solved

C.increased

D.ignored

【答案】C

【解析】詞義辨析題。decreased減少；solved解決；increased

増加；ignored忽視。句意：文化誤解導(dǎo)致語言問題的増加。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

13.單選題

Motivationlevelscan（

）frompersontoperson,soitisimportanttotreateachpatient’spsychologicalproblemseparatelywithsolutionsforeachofthemrespectively.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.differ

B.vary

C.alter

D.distinguish

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Differ“使不同”；vary“使多樣化”；alter“改變，更改；distinguish“區(qū)分，辨別。句意：動(dòng)機(jī)水平因人而異，因此，重要的是要分別對(duì)待每個(gè)病人的心理問題，并針對(duì)每個(gè)問題提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever（）achancetopracticehisChinese.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.passedon

B.passedup

C.passedby

D.passedout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。passedon“傳遞；去世”；passedup“拒絕；向上遞”；passedby“經(jīng)過”；passedout“暈倒；分發(fā)”，根據(jù)句意可知此處表達(dá)的是他抓住了任何一個(gè)可以練習(xí)中文的機(jī)會(huì)，此處只有選擇passedup，取其“拒絕”的意思才能使整個(gè)句子表達(dá)通暢。句意：在他在中國待的兩個(gè)月時(shí)間里，他從未……任何一個(gè)練習(xí)中文的機(jī)會(huì)。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

15.翻譯題

41.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(15’)

USbusinessesrespondedwithalarmtoPresidentDonaldTrump’sannouncementofwide-rangingtariffsonimportsfromChina,warningthattheywouldraisecostsforAmericanconsumersandriskedprovokingadamagingtradewar.Businessgroupsfromarangeofindustriesexpressedacommonview:theysharedMr.Trump’sconcernsaboutintellectualpropertyviolationsandunfairtradingpracticesbyChinabutthoughthisdecisiontousetariffstoaddresstheproblemwouldbecounter-productive.OneofthestrongestresponsestotheplanscamefromtheNationalRetailFederation,whichsaidthetariffswould“punishordinaryAmericansforChina’sviolations”.

【答案】【參考譯文】

美國總統(tǒng)唐納德.特朗普(DonaldTrump)宣布對(duì)中國進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品廣泛征收關(guān)稅后，美國企業(yè)紛紛表示震驚，他們警告，關(guān)稅將提高美國消費(fèi)者成本，并有引發(fā)破壞性的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。來自不同行業(yè)的商界組織表達(dá)了共同的看法：他們認(rèn)同特朗普對(duì)中國侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和不公平交易行為的擔(dān)憂，但認(rèn)為使用關(guān)稅解決問題的決定可能適得其反。美國零售聯(lián)合會(huì)(NationalRetailFederation)是對(duì)關(guān)稅計(jì)劃作出最強(qiáng)烈回應(yīng)的機(jī)構(gòu)之一。該機(jī)構(gòu)指出，征收關(guān)稅將“讓普通美國人因中國的違規(guī)行為而受到懲罰”。

16.單選題

Thecompanycanconstantlymonitorthelevelofheatandenergyandadjust（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accordingly

B.basically

C.conventionally

D.subjectively

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accordingly“相應(yīng)地”；B選項(xiàng)basically“基本地”；C選項(xiàng)conventionally“傳統(tǒng)地”；D選項(xiàng)subjectively“主觀地”。題干意思：公司可以不間斷地監(jiān)控?zé)崃亢湍茉吹闹笖?shù)，并且（）進(jìn)行調(diào)整。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoEnglish.

十九世紀(jì)末,中國開始舉辦師范教育。1949年中華人民共和國成立之后,在各級(jí)政府的關(guān)心和支持下,中國師范教育進(jìn)入了前所未有的發(fā)展階段。在科學(xué)技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展的今天,振興經(jīng)濟(jì)的希望在教育,教師隊(duì)伍的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量對(duì)教育發(fā)展具有決定性的影響。在中國這樣一個(gè)擁有世界教師總量五分之一的龐大教師隊(duì)伍的國家,人民教師的地位和作用直接關(guān)系到教育事業(yè)乃至整個(gè)國家的發(fā)展。

師范教育(teachereducation)

【答案】Attheendof19thcentury,theteachereducationbeganinChina.SincethefoundationofPeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,ithasundergoneanunprecedenteddevelopmentthankstosolicitudeandsupportofthecentralandlocalgovernmentWiththerapiddevelopmentoftechnologyandsciencenowadays,educationbecomesvitaltothegrowthofeconomy.Itsdevelopment,however,isdeterminedbythenumberanprofessionalexpertiseofteachers.Chinaownsone-fifthoftheteachersofthewholeworld,andthedevelopmentoftheeducationalissuesandeventhewholecountryaredirectlyaffectedbythestatusandfunctionoftheteachers.

18.單選題

Designedtomeettheglobalneedforajetlinersizedbetweenthecompany'sown767-300and4-engine747-400,thenewplane'sseating（

）madeittheworld’slargesttwo-enginepassengerplane.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ability

B.capacity

C.capability

D.facility

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。seatingcapacity“載客人數(shù)”，為固定搭配，故答案B。ability“能力”；capability“性能，容量”；facility“設(shè)施”。句意：它的載客人數(shù)使其成為世界上最大的雙引擎客機(jī)。答案B

19.翻譯題

FROMCHINESETOENGLISH

我說過我們要發(fā)展記憶，那是因?yàn)槲覀兩钪杏写诵枰?。沒有文化的動(dòng)物中，能以本能來應(yīng)付生活，就不必有記憶。我這樣說，其實(shí)也包含了另一項(xiàng)意思，就是人在記憶上發(fā)展的程度是依他們生活需要而決定的。我們每個(gè)人，每一刻，所接觸的外界眾多復(fù)雜，但是并不進(jìn)入我們的感覺，我們有所選擇。和我們眼睛所接觸的外界我們并不都看見，我們只看見我們所注意的，我們的視線有焦點(diǎn)，焦點(diǎn)依著我們的注意而移動(dòng)。注意的對(duì)象由我們選擇，選擇的根據(jù)是我們生活的需要。

【答案】Isaidwedevelopmemoriesbecauseweneedtheminourlives.Withoutculture,animalscopewithlifebyinstinct.Thusmemoryisnecessaryforthem.Bysayingthis,Ialsomeanthatpeopledevelopmemoryaccordingtotheneedsoftheirlives.Everyoneofus,isconnectedtothisvastandcomplexworldineverymoment,butdon’treceiveallintooursenses,whichmeanswechoose.Wedonotseeeverythingthatoureyestouch.Weseeonlywhatwenotice,becausethereisafocusinoursightwhichmovesonthebasisofourattention.Andtheobjectofattentionischosenbyus,accordingtotheneedsofourlife.

20.單選題

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience.（

）,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nevertheless

B.Then

C.Besides

D.Asaresult

【答案】A

【解析】連詞詞義辨析。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，所提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為從句的連接詞，因此要先分析兩句之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意‘在科學(xué)上專業(yè)人員與業(yè)余科研人員之間并沒有明確的分界線。然而，“業(yè)余”這個(gè)詞的確有這樣一個(gè)含義，即相關(guān)人員無法完全融入這一科學(xué)領(lǐng)域?！芍昂髢删渲g是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)then表示承接關(guān)系；D選項(xiàng)asaresult表示因果關(guān)系，與此不符，排除；C選項(xiàng)besides表示“除此之外還有”，是意思上的一種遞進(jìn)，不符，排除，A選項(xiàng)nevertheless“然而，不過，雖然如此”正確。

21.單選題

Iwishtoaskforaleavetomorrow,（

）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shallI

B.willI

C.mayI