考研考博-英語-廣州醫(yī)科大學考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州醫(yī)科大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theblackhorseis（）ofthepair.

問題1選項

A.thestrongest

B.thestronger

C.thestrong

D.quitestrong

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這匹黑馬更強壯。

語法題?？疾楸容^級。當要特指兩者中“較（更）”時，比較級前通常要帶定冠詞，此時可視為比較級后省略了有關的名詞或代詞one，即定冠詞實為修飾被省略的名詞或代詞one。pair的詞義是“一對”或“一雙”，即在“兩者”中進行比較。因此，此處應該使用thestronger。

2.單選題

Thegovernmentgavemoneytopeopletohelpbuyhomesoutsideofthecities.Thissystemof（）housingcausedmanypeopletoleaveurbanareas.

問題1選項

A.invested

B.provided

C.sustained

D.subsidized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。本題考查動詞的過去分詞形式作修飾詞時的詞義辨析。A選項investe“投資的”；B選項provide“給予”；C選項sustained“持續(xù)的”；D選項subsidized“補貼的；補助的”。句意：政府向人們提供資金，幫助他們在城市以外買房子。這種……住房制度使得許多人離開城市。前句明確說明是政府提供資金，屬于補貼政策，因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

Thebenefitsofadiverseworkforceareonlyseenifthestaffiswellmanaged.Bossesneedtounderstandthatpeoplewithdifferingbackgroundswillcomeupwithideasindifferentwaysandgivethemtheflexibilitytobecreativeintheircustom.

Thatcomestogetherwithacouplesteps;first,managersneedtobesuretheyareactivelypursuingnewhiresthatnotonlyadddiversitybutalsoofferanewperspective.

ThekeyisnotjustaddingaHispanicwomantothestaffbecauseyoudon’thaveonenow.It’sbesttoseekpeoplewhosebackgroundsaredifferentfromyourcurrentstaffastheywilllikelyfindsolutionsindifferentways.

TaketheaccountingfirmDeloitte,anearlyadopterofdiversity.Thefirmwastrainingminoritiestobecometopmanagers,butthenitoftenlostthembeforetheyreachedtheexecutivelevel—asoftenhappensinthatprofession.SoDeloittecreatedanewexecutivetrainingprogramthaturgeditsaccountantstostayonratherthanjumpingtoanotherfirmforadvancement.Thisassuredthattheminoritiesthecompanywasgroomingfortopmanagementwouldn’tleavethecompanybeforereachinghigherranks.

Butit’snotjustaboutputtingminoritiesinafewjobsandhavingthemrunthingsasusual.Forinstance,immigrantsfromcountrieswherebankshavefailedorsimplyaren’ttrustedmayneedtobuildarelationshipwithsomeoneinabranchbeforedepositingtheirmoney.Alocalbranchmanagerwhounderstandsthatrelationshipmaybemorelikelytogetthatbusiness.

Havingadiverseworkforceisonlyanadvantageifyou’reabletoutilizethatdiversity.It’sunderstandingtheexperienceofpeopleandwhattheycanbringtoyourbusiness.

Thefloatingmarketisalittlemicrocosmofthat.Everyday,localsandtouristsperusethestandsandcountersthatjutoutfromtheboats.Thecustomersareallshadesandbackgrounds,andthat’sjustthewaytheislanderslikeit.

Thesamecanhappenatoffices.Butit’suptomanagerstoshowtheyvalueideasascreativeasthefloatingmarket.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthepassage?

2.Whatismostvaluedaboutminoritygroups?

3.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosayinthefourthparagraph?

4.Whatistheadvantageofaminoritybankworkeraccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatisafloatingmarketprobablylike?

問題1選項

A.Itisbeneficialforcompaniestohirepeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.

B.Adiverseworkforcewilldogoodtothecompanyifmanagedproperly.

C.Peoplefromdifferentbackgroundscancontributedifferentideas.

D.Theimportanceofminoritypeopleisgettingmoreandmoreattention.

問題2選項

A.Theirlocalculture.

B.Theiruniqueexperience.

C.Theirdifferentperspectives.

D.Theirexecutiveability.

問題3選項

A.Deloitteattachedimportancetohavingminoritiesinitstopmanagement.

B.Talentlossatexecutivelevelisacommonoccurrenceinaccountingbusiness.

C.Propertrainingisnecessaryforminoritiestomakemorecontribution.

D.Minoritiesaremorelikelytolookforanewcompanyforbetteropportunities.

問題4選項

A.Hewillspendmoretimeandenergypersuadingclientstodepositmoneyinhisbank.

B.Heknowsbetterhowtokeepthebank’sreputationandwintheclients’trust.

C.Itiseasierforhimtodeveloparelationshipwithimmigrantsfromhishomecountry.

D.Heunderstandsbettertheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenbankandclients.

問題5選項

A.Itsellsgoodsfromallovertheworld.

B.Itisamarketonthewater.

C.Itdoesnothaveafixedlocation.

D.Itsellsgoodsatratherlowprice.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭說到“Thebenefitsofadiverseworkforceareonlyseenifthestaffiswellmanaged.（只有管理好員工，才能看到多元化員工隊伍的好處。）”，后文第六段又提到“Havingadiverseworkforceisonlyanadvantageifyou’reabletoutilizethatdiversity.（擁有多樣化的勞動力是唯一的優(yōu)勢，如果你能夠利用這種多樣性。）”，由此可知本文主要闡述的是多元化的員工隊伍對公司的作用，B選項“如果管理得當，多元化的員工隊伍對公司有好處”符合文章大意。A選項“公司雇傭不同背景的人是有益的”說法太絕對，忽略了管理的作用；C選項“不同背景的人可以提出不同的想法”以及D選項“少數(shù)民族的重要性越來越受到重視”都包含在B選項中，因此B選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“It’sbesttoseekpeoplewhosebackgroundsaredifferentfromyourcurrentstaffastheywilllikelyfindsolutionsindifferentways.（最好是找那些背景和你現(xiàn)有員工不同的人，因為他們可能會以不同的方式找到解決方案。）”，由此可知少數(shù)民族群體最被看中的是他們不同的觀點，C選項“他們的觀點不同”說法正確。A選項“他們的當?shù)匚幕?；B選項“他們獨特的經(jīng)歷”以及D選項“他們的執(zhí)行能力”均不符合題意，因此C選項正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句話“Thisassuredthattheminoritiesthecompanywasgroomingfortopmanagementwouldn’tleavethecompanybeforereachinghigherranks.（這確保了公司為高層管理人員培養(yǎng)的少數(shù)族裔在晉升之前不會離開公司）”以及前文提到的少數(shù)民族群體會提供不同意見可知德勤會計師事務所重視在高層管理層中引入少數(shù)族裔，從而能夠擁有更多的不同的意見，A選項“德勤重視在高層管理層中引入少數(shù)族裔”說法正確。B選項“高管層人才流失是會計行業(yè)的常見現(xiàn)象”文章沒有提到；C選項“少數(shù)民族要做出更大的貢獻，就必須進行適當?shù)呐嘤枴蔽恼乱矝]有提及；D選項“少數(shù)族裔更傾向于尋找一家新公司來獲得更好的機會”說法太絕對，文章只說了該事務所有這樣的問題，并不能說明所有的少數(shù)族裔都傾向于尋找更好的機會。因此A選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段“Forinstance,immigrantsfromcountrieswherebankshavefailedorsimplyaren’ttrustedmayneedtobuildarelationshipwithsomeoneinabranchbeforedepositingtheirmoney.Alocalbranchmanagerwhounderstandsthatrelationshipmaybemorelikelytogetthatbusiness.（例如，來自銀行倒閉或根本不受信任的國家的移民，在存款之前可能需要與分行的某個人建立關系。一個了解這種關系的當?shù)胤中薪?jīng)理更有可能得到這項業(yè)務。）”，由此可知少數(shù)民族銀行職員更容易與來自他祖國的移民建立關系，因此C選項“他更容易與來自他祖國的移民建立關系”符合題意。A選項“他會花更多的時間和精力說服客戶把錢存在他的銀行里”；B選項“他更懂得如何維護銀行的聲譽，贏得客戶的信任”以及D選項“他更了解銀行和客戶之間關系的重要性”文章都沒有提到，因此C選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后兩段“Thefloatingmarketisalittlemicrocosmofthat.Everyday,localsandtouristsperusethestandsandcountersthatjutoutfromtheboats.Thecustomersareallshadesandbackgrounds,andthat’sjustthewaytheislanderslikeit.Thesamecanhappenatoffices.Butit’suptomanagerstoshowtheyvalueideasascreativeasthefloatingmarket.（浮動市場只是其中的一個小縮影。每天，當?shù)厝撕陀慰投荚谠敿毧疾鞆拇仙斐龅目磁_和柜臺。顧客的膚色和背景各不相同，這正是島民喜歡的方式。同樣的情況也可能發(fā)生在辦公室。但這取決于管理者如何表現(xiàn)出他們對創(chuàng)意的重視程度，就像浮動市場一樣。）”，由此可知浮動市場的位置不是固定的，它可以發(fā)生在船上，也能在辦公室里發(fā)生，因此C選項“它沒有固定的位置”符合題意。A選項“它銷售來自世界各地的商品”；B選項“這是一個水上市場”以及D選項“它以相當?shù)偷膬r格出售商品”文章都沒有提到，因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Itwassopleasingtofindabreezeupthereallayingthefervidafternoon.

問題1選項

A.incendiary

B.incandescent

C.dispassionate

D.contumacious

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項incendiary“縱火的，煽動性的，能引起燃燒的，非常辣的”；B選項incandescent“輝耀的，熾熱的，發(fā)白熱光的”；C選項dispassionate“不帶感情的，平心靜氣的，公平的”；D選項contumacious“不聽命令的，反抗法院命令的，頑固的”。句意：看到微風吹過，緩和了炎熱的下午，真是令人高興。Fervid“熱情的，熾熱的，熱心的，熱的”，B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

Paroleisusuallygrantedtoprisonersasarewardforgoodconduct.

問題1選項

A.paidto

B.ignoredby

C.givento

D.requestedby

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。grantto表示“授予，允許”；A項payto“付款給”，B項ignoreby“忽視，駁回訴訟”，C項giveto“給予，提供”，D項requestby“請求，需要”。句意：假釋通常作為獎勵給予表現(xiàn)良好的囚犯。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

6.單選題

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducatinganddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams―selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool―theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?

2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Kidscountmorethantheircolleges”(Line5，Para.3)?

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend

B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren

C.Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication

D.Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves

問題2選項

A.Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege

B.Theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships

C.Theirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto

D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentsthantheyusedto

問題3選項

A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson’ssuccess

B.Aperson’shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethanhiseducation

C.Kids’actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground

D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements

問題4選項

A.GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybelesscompetitivethangettingintocollege

B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms

C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGRE

D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation

問題5選項

A.theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutions

B.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarket

C.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduation

D.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.”，中文翻譯為：但我們卻不承認我們的癡迷（對上首選大學）更多是關于我們自己而非他們（指自己的小孩）?？梢缘弥狣選項“相比小孩自己，他們更關心自己的小孩去哪所大學上學”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.”，中文翻譯為：我們將自己小孩的大學背景當成展示我們怎樣很好地養(yǎng)育他們的一種獎賞。以及原文第二段“Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizetogoaround.”，中文翻譯為：我們有完全成熟的名譽恐慌，我們擔心沒有充足的獎賞。可知A選項“他們想增加自己小孩進入著名大學的機會”為正確答案。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻譯為：普林斯頓大學的經(jīng)濟學家AlanKrueger對入學一個頂級博士項目的學生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國研究生入學考試的高分數(shù)有助于解釋誰考上了大學，而名牌大學的學位卻沒有?？梢缘弥狢選項“小孩的實際能力比他們的大學背景更重要”符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由B項“著名大學的學位不保證學生進入研究生項目”可以定位到文章第三段中“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻譯為：普林斯頓大學的經(jīng)濟學家AlanKrueger對入學一個頂級博士項目的學生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國研究生入學考試的高分數(shù)有助于解釋誰考上了大學，而名牌大學的學位卻沒有。故選B。

5.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段“Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.”，中文翻譯為：一個研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在其他事情一樣的情況下，精英學校的畢業(yè)生經(jīng)歷更多的工作不如意。判斷出答案為C項“他們在畢業(yè)后經(jīng)歷更多的工作不如意”。

7.單選題

Psychologistshavelongarguedabouttherelativeimportanceofgeneticsandenvironmentindetermininghumanintelligence（）anissuethatissometimesreferredtoasthe"nature"vs.debate.

問題1選項

A.“growth”

B.“nurture”

C.“promotion”

D.“creation”

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。growth“增長，發(fā)展，生長”;nurture“養(yǎng)育，教養(yǎng)”；promotion“提升”;creation“創(chuàng)造”。根據(jù)geneticsandenvironment（遺傳與環(huán)境）與naturevs.___的對應關系可知“養(yǎng)育”符合，因此選項B符合題意。句意：心理學家們對遺傳和環(huán)境在決定人類智力上的相對重要性長期以來都有爭論，即一個有時被稱為“自然”對比“培育”的辯論。

8.單選題

Allthe

peopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（）

slowly

intothesky.

問題1選項

A.ascending

B.elevating

C.floating

D.lingering

【答案】A

【解析】ascend可做不及物動詞,指上升；elevate意思相近,但是是及物動詞。float指漂??；linger

指逗留。句意：當看到幾百只彩球緩緩升上天空時,運動場里所有的人都歡呼起來。選項A正確。

9.單選題

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentstartedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilitiesforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingview-points,”thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactivityresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheuniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”,moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefasBarnaGroup.

So,whenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills—andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

1.AccordingtotheParagraph1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson（

）.

2.AccordingtotheKnightFoundationsurvey,youngpeople

（

）.

3.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項

A.thejustificationofthenew-filteringpractice

B.people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms

C.theadministration’sabilitytohandleinformation

D.socialmediaasareliablesourceofnews

問題2選項

A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace

B.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources

C.haveastrongsenseofresponsibility

D.liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”

問題3選項

A.readers’outdatedvalues

B.journalists’biasedreporting

C.readers’misinterpretation

D.journalist’made-upstories

問題4選項

A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline.

B.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend.

C.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

D.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)首段最后一句可知，千禧一代更希望白宮的新聞通過其他來源而不是總統(tǒng)的社交媒體平臺透漏出來。緊接著在第二段給出了原因，人們逐漸對所有的媒體喪失了信任。根據(jù)牛津大學的統(tǒng)計，在2016年美國總統(tǒng)競選期間，推特用戶分享的近四分之一的網(wǎng)絡內(nèi)容是虛假新聞。由此可知，社交媒體不是可靠的新聞來源。選項D符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“KnightFoundation”定位到第三段二、三句“AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.奈特基金會針對14歲至24歲的年輕人進行的一項焦點小組調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們使用“分布式信任”來驗證新聞。他們反復核對消息來源，喜歡從不同的角度看新聞——尤其是那些對偏見持開放態(tài)度的新聞?！庇纱丝芍?，選項B“通過參考不同的來源去核實消息”符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“Barnasurvey”定位到第五段第三句“AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”,moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.巴納研究集團的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國人認為假新聞現(xiàn)象的主要原因是“讀者錯誤”，而不是編造的故事或報道中的事實錯誤?！庇纱丝芍?，選項C正確。

4.主旨大意題。結合全文內(nèi)容可知，原文首先提出年輕人對社交平臺的不信任，是因為虛假新聞的泛濫，因此人們開始加強他們的媒體素養(yǎng)技能。下文則主要是圍繞這一中心思想展開的討論，所以選項A最能概括全文。

10.單選題

AUNreportsaysthatmalnutritionisoneofthecommon______ofthepoorinAfrica.

問題1選項

A.affections

B.appeasements

C.afflictions

D.attainments

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項affection“喜愛，感情，影響”，B項appeasement“緩和，平息，姑息”，C項affliction“苦難，苦惱，折磨”，D項attainment“達到，成就，學識”。從句子結構可知，句子缺少一個表語修飾主語malnutrition“營養(yǎng)不良”，四個選項中只有“苦難，折磨”符合語境。句意：一份聯(lián)合國報告稱，營養(yǎng)不良是非洲窮人普遍遭受的折磨之一。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

11.單選題

Democrituswasfascinatedbythequestionofwhatprincipleunderlaythematerialuniverseanddevelopedasolutionthatrevealedthebrillianceofhisthought.Everymaterialthing,Democritusbelieved,ismadeupofafinitenumberofdiscreteparticles,oratoms,ashecalledthem,whosejoiningtogetherandsubsequentseparationaccountforthecomingtobeofthingsandfortheirpassingaway.Theatomsthemselves,hesaid,areinfiniteinnumberandeternal.Theymove,accordingtoanecessarymotion,inthevoid,whichwewouldcallspace.

MostofthemaintenetsoftheatomismofDemocrituswereastonishinglymodern.First,theatomswereinvisiblysmall.Theywereallofthesamestuff,ornature,buttheycameinamultitudeofdifferentshapesandsizes.Thoughimpermeable(Democritusdidnotknowthatatomscouldbesplit),theyactedupononeanother,aggregatingandclingingtooneanothersoastoproducethegreatvarietyofbodiesthatwesee.Thespaceoutsidetheatomswasempty,aconceptthatmostofDemocritus’contemporariescouldnotaccept.

Second,theatomswereinperpetualmotion,ineverydirection,throughoutemptyspace.Thereisnoaboveorbelow,beforeorbehind,inemptyspace,saidDemocritus.Inmodernterms,emptyspacedidnotvaryaccordingtodirection.Thiswasanextremelysophisticatednotion.

Third,thecontinualmotionoftheatomswasinherent.Theypossessedwhatwouldcallinertialmass.Thenotionthattheatomskeptonmovingwithoutbeingpushed,besidesbeinganotherremarkableintellectualconcept,wasnotacceptabletoAristotleandothers.Onlythecelestialbodies,Aristotlethought,keptonmovingofanybythemselves,becausetheyweredivine.ThegeneralrefusalbyAristotleandhisinfluentialfollowerstoacceptthelawofinertiastoodasanobstacletothedevelopmentofphysicsfortwothousandyears.

Fourth,weightorgravitywasnotapropertyofatomsorindeedofaggregatesthereof.HereDemocrituswasaswrongaswrongcouldbe.

WhetherDemocrituswasrightorwrongaboutafifthpointisnotdefinitelydecidedtothisday.Heheldthatthesoulisbreathandbecausebreathismaterial,andthereforemadeupofatoms,somustthesoulbe.Hemaintainedthat,becausethesoulisaphysicalthing,itmustbedeterminedbyphysicallaws;itcannotbefree.Eventhehardythinkerswhoclaimtoacceptthistheorydonotactasiftheydo.Theymaydenytheinnatefreedomofothers,buttheyactasiftheybelieveintheirown.

Thetensionbuiltupbythisantinomyhasprovedtobefruitfuloverthecenturies.However,thenotionthatthesoulwasmaterialprovedsounacceptabletoboththeAristoteliansandtheChristiansthatfornearlytwomillenniatheatomichypothesislanguished.

26.AccordingtoDemocritus,emptyspace______.

27.TheauthordiscussesthebeliefsofAristotleandhisfollowers(inParagraph4)inorderto______.

28.ItcanbeinferredfromDemocritus’inclusionofthesoulinhistheoriesofthematerialuniverse(inParagraph6)that______.

29.Democrituswouldmostlikelybelievethatwhichofthefollowingwouldexplainthelifecycleofaflower?

30.Whichismostanalogoustoa“hardythinkers”(inParagraph6)viewofthesoul?

問題1選項

A.doesnotexistwithregardtoatoms

B.isdirectionlesswithregardtothemovementofatoms

C.isanerroneousnotionconcerningatoms

D.possessesinertialmass

問題2選項

A.supportthevalidityofDemocritus’theories

B.notethatinfluentialindividualsdelayedtheacceptanceofscientifictruth

C.highlighttheaccuracyofcertainpartsofDemocritus’theory

D.addanelementofphilosophyintoanotherwisescientificdiscussion

問題3選項

A.philosophy,religion,andsciencewerenotalwaysthoughtofasseparatefields

B.scientistsareoftenunsuccessfulinmakingphilosophicaltheories

C.hislineofthinkingwasessentiallyunsound

D.hewasattemptinghisthinkingwiththatofAristotle

問題4選項

A.Auniquetypeofmatterisdrawntoapointinthevoidandtakesroot.

B.Theconstantmotionofatomsproducestheillusionofaflower.

C.Thesamematerialthatcomposesthesoulalsobreatheslifeintoplants.

D.Atomscometogetherastheflowergrowsanddisperseasitdies.

問題5選項

A.Apolitician’spracticeofusingpublictransportationbecausethatishoweveryoneinhiscitytravels.

B.Adoctor’srecommendationthathispatientquitsmokingtoimprovethepatientshealthwhilethedoctorsmokesapackaday.

C.Amothertakingherdaughtertoballetpracticeeverydaybecausethemotherneverhadthatopportunityasachild.

D.Amuseumcuratordecidingnottorunanexhibitionbecausehebelievesthepublicwillnotenjoyit.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】26.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)德謨克利特的說法，真空……”。定位到第三段前兩句Second,theatomswereinperpetualmotion,ineverydirection,throughoutemptyspace.Thereisnoaboveorbelow,beforeorbehind,inemptyspace,saidDemocritus.（第二，在整個真空中原子在每個方向無限運動。德謨克利特說，在真空中沒有上面或下面、前面或后面。），這一點屬于德謨克利特原子論的其中一點。根據(jù)德謨克利特的說法，在真空中，原子的運動是沒有方向的，B項“對于原子的運動來說是沒有方向的”正確。定位第二段最后一句Thespaceoutsidetheatomswasempty,aconceptthatmostofDemocritus’contemporariescouldnotaccept.（原子外的空間是真空的，這是德謨克利特同時代的大多數(shù)人無法接受的概念）可知，A項“對于原子來說是不存在的”與原文相反，為反向干擾；而原文并未提及德謨克利特對于原子的概念是錯誤的，C項“關于原子，它的概念是錯誤的”屬于曲解原文。D項“具有慣性質(zhì)量”講的是原子的連續(xù)運動，和題干無關，屬于張冠李戴。因此，該題選擇B項。

27.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“作者在第4段討論了亞里士多德和他的追隨者的看法，是為了……”。定位第四段最后一句ThegeneralrefusalbyAristotleandhisinfluentialfollowerstoacceptthelawofinertiastoodasanobstacletothedevelopmentofphysicsfortwothousandyears.（亞里士多德和他的有影響力的追隨者普遍拒絕接受慣性定律，這成為物理學發(fā)展的一個障礙，持續(xù)了兩千年）可知，亞里士多德和他的追隨者對慣性定律的普遍拒絕造成了兩千年來的物理學發(fā)展的障礙，所以作者討論到這一點是為了注意有影響力的個人能推遲科學真理的接受，B項“注意到有影響力的個人推遲了對科學真理的接受”正確。這一段沒有討論到德謨克利特理論準確性，A項“支持德謨克利特理論的可信性”和C項“強調(diào)德謨克利特理論某些部分的準確性”屬于無中生有。D項“在科學討論中加入哲學元素”在該處沒有體現(xiàn)，也屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇B項。

28.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第六段的德謨克利特將靈魂包含在他的物質(zhì)宇宙理論中可以推斷出……”定位到第六段，從Heheldthatthesoulisbreathandbecausebreathismaterial,andthereforemadeupofatoms,somustthesoulbe.Hemaintainedthat,becausethesoulisaphysicalthing,itmustbedeterminedbyphysicallaws;itcannotbefree.（他認為靈魂是呼吸，因為呼吸是物質(zhì)的，因此由原子構成，所以靈魂也必然是這樣。他堅持認為，因為靈魂是物理的東西，它必須由物理定律決定，它不可能是自由的。）可知，德謨克利特認為靈魂是呼吸，而呼吸是由原子構成的物質(zhì)，所以靈魂也是由原子構成的物質(zhì)，屬于物理，由物理定律決定。綜上所述，從德謨克利特的這個觀點我們可以推斷，哲學和物理是相互依存的，故A項“哲學、宗教和科學并不總是被認為是獨立的領域”符合題意。定位第一句WhetherDemocrituswasrightorwrongaboutafifthpointisnotdefinitelydecidedtothisday.（德謨克利特關于第五點的判斷是對還是錯，直到今天還沒有定論）可知，德謨克利特關于靈魂的觀點知道今天還不知道是否正確，所以B項“科學家們在提出哲學理論方面常常不成功”和C項“他的思路基本上是不正確的”無從推敲，屬于曲解原文。D項“他試圖用亞里士多德的思想來思考”在該段沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“德謨克利特很可能相信下列哪一項可以解釋一朵花的生命周期？”定位第一段第二句Everymaterialthing,Democritusbelieved,ismadeupofafinitenumberofdiscreteparticles,oratoms,ashecalledthem,whosejoiningtogetherandsubsequentseparationaccountforthecomingtobeofthingsandfortheirpassingaway.（德謨克利特認為，每一個物質(zhì)事物都是由有限數(shù)量的離散粒子組成的，他稱之為原子，這些粒子的結合和隨后的分離解釋了事物的產(chǎn)生和消逝）可知，德謨克利特認為物體的產(chǎn)生和消逝和原子的聚集和分散有關，D項“花朵生長時原子聚集在一起，死亡時原子分散”符合這一理論，該項正確。A項“一種獨特的物質(zhì)被吸引到真空中的某一點并扎根”、B項“原子的不斷運動產(chǎn)生了花朵的錯覺”和C項“構成靈魂的物質(zhì)同樣也將生命吸入植物”都不符合德謨克利特關于原子的觀點，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇D項。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一種觀點與第六段中勇敢的思想家關于靈魂的觀點類似？”定位到第六段最后兩句Eventhehardythinkerswhoclaimtoacceptthistheorydonotactasiftheydo.Theymaydenytheinnatefreedomofothers,buttheyactasiftheybelieveintheirown.（即使是那些聲稱接受這一理論的勇敢的思想家們，也沒有表現(xiàn)得好像他們接受了這一理論。他們可能會否認別人天生的自由，但他們表現(xiàn)得好像相信自己的自由。），由此可知，聲稱接受了靈魂不是自由的觀點的勇敢的思想家們，在行動上并沒有表現(xiàn)得他們接受這一個理論，他們一邊接受別人沒有天生自由，一邊卻相信自己的自由，這和B項“醫(yī)生建議他的病人戒煙，以改善病人的健康，而醫(yī)生每天抽一包煙”是一樣的，所以B項是正確的。A項“政治家使用公共交通工具的習慣，因為他所在城市的每個人都是這樣出行的”、C項“一位母親每天帶她的女兒去練芭蕾舞，因為她小時候從來沒有這樣的機會”和D項“一個博物館館長決定不舉