考研考博-英語-廣西職業(yè)師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西職業(yè)師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Onewayofgettingaclearperspectiveonthosecrimesandcriminalscausinginjury,anddeprivationisto（

）unreported,unrecorded,andnon-prosecutedcrimes.

問題1選項

A.excavate

B.shatter

C.stipulate

D.relegate

【答案】A

【解析】A選項“挖掘，開鑿”；B選項“粉碎，毀壞”；C選項“規(guī)定，約定”；D選項“把……降級，交付”；根據(jù)句意‘對于造成人身傷害和剝奪的犯罪行為和犯罪分子獲得清晰認(rèn)識的一個方法是挖掘未經(jīng)報道的、未記錄下來的以及未被起訴的犯罪行為’確定A選項正確。

2.單選題

Youngpeoplearenot______tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.

問題1選項

A.conservative

B.content

C.confident

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項conservative“保守的”；B選項content“滿意的”；C選項confident“自信的”；D選項generous“慷慨的”。句意：年輕人不______站在那里觀看藝術(shù)作品；他們想要的是可以參與的藝術(shù)。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是不想止步于觀看藝術(shù)作品，而是想要參與其中，B選項content“滿意的”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmyhelpingettingfoodorshelter,inprovidingprotection,andinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.

Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralway,buteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplant,forexample,dependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptation,commontomostplants.Inaddition,therearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.

Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.

Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantage,butsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthat,ifconditionschange,itfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.

1.Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymay（

）.

2.Inthefirstparagraph,theword“environments”couldbestbereplacedby（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdarecolored（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentioned?

5.Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustratewhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.helpothersoftheirkindgetfood,shelterandotherthingsneeded

B.surviveeveninextremelysevereconditions

C.becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkind

D.resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms

問題2選項

A.contexts

B.surroundings

C.neighbors

D.enemies

問題3選項

A.tofrighteneditsenemies

B.toattractitsenemies

C.toadjustitsbodyheat

D.tomatchitsenvironment

問題4選項

A.Alivingthingmayadaptinitsstructure.

B.Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.

C.Alivingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.

D.Alivingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.

問題5選項

A.Alivingthingmayhavetheabilitytocreateanenvironmentofitsown.

B.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytoremainstillwhenanenemyisnear.

C.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytomakefoodfromitsinorganicchemicals.

D.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytochangethecolorofitsskin.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段第一句話“Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.某些動植物發(fā)展出來一些特征，幫助它們比其他同類更好的適應(yīng)環(huán)境?！笨梢酝茢喑霰绢}正確答案選C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測題。選項A“環(huán)境；上下文語境”；選項B“環(huán)境；周圍的事物”；選項C“鄰居”；選項D“敵人”。單詞所在的句子是第一段第一句和最后一句。根據(jù)上題的分析，environments應(yīng)該指的是周圍的事物所形成的環(huán)境。故正確答案選B。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話“Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.鹿的皮毛顏色發(fā)生變化是因為要融入環(huán)境。”這句話是對本段第一句主旨句的舉例論證，由此推斷，動物的皮毛顏色發(fā)生變化是為了融入環(huán)境和適應(yīng)環(huán)境。選項D更符合文章意思。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第三段前面兩句話“Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics…有機體有許多適應(yīng)方式，它們也許在結(jié)構(gòu)上，功能上和遺傳方面適應(yīng)……”由這句話可知選項A、B和C都是動物改變自我適應(yīng)環(huán)境的方式。選項D在文章中沒有提到。故正確答案選D。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.有機體可以創(chuàng)造自身的環(huán)境，就像恒溫的哺乳動物一樣，盡管天氣變化，它們也能調(diào)節(jié)自己的體溫?！庇纱丝芍髡咭煤銣夭溉閯游锉３煮w溫的行為是為了說明它們能夠創(chuàng)造自身的環(huán)境。故正確答案選A。

4.翻譯題

改革開放是國家發(fā)展進步的根本動力。我國改革已進入攻堅階段，必須進一步解放思想，全面推進經(jīng)濟、政治、文化、社會等領(lǐng)域的改革，不斷把改革引向深入。要進一步完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制。毫不動搖地鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟，毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持和引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，形成各種所有制經(jīng)濟依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護的體制環(huán)境。深化國有企業(yè)改革以及重點行業(yè)改革。

【答案】參考譯文：

ReformandopeninguparethefundamentalforcethatdrivesChina’sdevelopmentandprogress.Chinahasenteredacrucialstageofreform,andwemustfurtheremancipateourminds;carryoutall-aroundeconomic,political,culturalandsocialreforms;andconstantlydeepenthem.Weneedtoimprovethesocialistmarketeconomy.Weshouldunwaveringlyconsolidateanddevelopthepublicsectoroftheeconomyandencourage,supportandguidethedevelopmentofthenon-publicsector,soastofosterastructuralenvironmentinwhicheconomicentitiesunderdifferentformsofownershiphaveequalaccesstofactorsofproductioninaccordancewiththelaw,competeonalevelplayingfieldandenjoyequallegalprotection.Weshoulddeepenreformofstate-ownedenterprisesandkeyindustries.

5.案例題

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefights.Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I'vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids'collegebackgroundaseprizedemonstratinghowwellwe'veraisedthem.Butwecan'tacknowledgethatourobsession（癡迷）ismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe'vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn'tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon'tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteria（歇斯底里）isthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible——andmostlywrong.Wehaven'tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon'tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures——professors'feedbackandthenumberofessayexams——selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates'lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool'saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke（偶然）.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.

Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit'snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisnotlifeonlycompetition.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn't.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerateduptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?

A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.

B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.

C.Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication.

D.Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.

2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

A.theywanttoincreasetheirchildrenchancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.

B.theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.

C.Theirchildrenallhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.

D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentthantheyusedto.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“kidscountmorethantheircolleges”.(Line1,para.4)?

A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoapersonsuccess.

B.Apersonhappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.

C.Kidsactualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground.

D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.

4.WhatdoesKruegerstudytellus?

A.GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybemorecompetitivethangettingintocollege.

B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdoesnotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.

C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdoesnotcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.

D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation.

5.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat(

).

A.theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutions

B.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarket

C.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduation

D.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication

【答案】1.D

2.A

3.C

4.B

5.C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“Weseeourkids'collegebackgroundaseprizedemonstratinghowwellwe'veraisedthem.Butwecan'tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.”我們把子女的教育背景當(dāng)成是一種獎品，展示我們?nèi)绾纬晒Φ仞B(yǎng)育了他們。但卻不承認(rèn)我們對此的癡迷與其說是為了他們，不如說是為了我們自己。選項D符合原文。

2.

根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon'tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.”我們對名聲有著極度的恐慌，我們擔(dān)心孩子無法接受較好的高等教育。由此可知，選項A符合原文。

3.count意為"重要，有價值"。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，進入知名大學(xué)并不是唯一的指標(biāo)，知名大學(xué)的學(xué)歷也并不能幫助學(xué)生進入博士學(xué)習(xí)。這些說明了孩子本身的能力比他們學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)校更重要。選項C正確。

4.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Krueger”定位到第四段的最后兩句“...HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn't.”GRE的高分有助于決定誰能繼續(xù)博士學(xué)習(xí)，而知名大學(xué)的學(xué)歷不能做到這一點。選項B知名大學(xué)的學(xué)歷并不能保證能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)與原文相符，正確。

5.

根據(jù)最后一段的后半部分“Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.”選項C符合原文。

6.單選題

Ourvacationtothetropicalbeachresortwasvery（）untilthehurricanecame.

問題1選項

A.adverse

B.maximum

C.constrained

D.serene

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項adverse“不利的；相反的；敵對的”；B選項maximum“最多的；最大極限的”；C選項constrained“拘泥的；被強迫的；不舒服的”；D選項serene“平靜的；晴朗的”。句意：在這場暴風(fēng)來臨之前，我們?nèi)釒Ш┒燃賱俚氐亩燃偈欠浅Ｆ届o的。結(jié)合此處語義，D選項正確。

7.單選題

Theyarewritingtothemanagerwith（）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問題1選項

A.theexceptionof

B.aviewto

C.thepurposeof

D.referenceto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。withreferenceto“關(guān)于；根據(jù)”。句意：鑒于最近在以上地址所進行的修理工作，他們正在給經(jīng)理寫信。結(jié)合句意，故D選項正確。

8.單選題

Manyoldhouseshavebeen（

）inorderthatnewbigbuildingsmaybebuilt.

問題1選項

A.leveled

B.collapsed

C.demolished

D.felled

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。level“使同等；對準(zhǔn)；弄平”；collapse“倒塌；瓦解”，一般做不及物動詞，無被動形式；demolish“拆除；破壞”；fell“砍伐；打倒；擊倒”。句意：為了修建新的建筑，很多老房子被拆除了。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Astheeconomygrew,anincreasingsenseofsamenessprevailedinAmericansociety.Thiswasthegreatageofconformity,whenmembersofallsocialgroupslearnedtoimitatethosearoundthemratherthanstrikeoutontheirown.Third-and-fourth-generationethnicAmericansbecamemuchmorealike.Withimmigrationslowedtoatrickleafter1924,andtiestoEuropeweakened,assimilationoccurred.Televisioncontributedtogrowingconformitybyprovidingyoungandoldwithcommon,sharedvisuallyattractiveexperience.Escapingtheassimilatingtendencieswasdifficult.SociologistDavidRiesmanpointedoutthatintheclassicnurseryrhyme“ThisLittlePigWenttoMarket,”eachpigwenthisownway.“Today,however,alllittlepigsgotomarket;nonestayhome;allhaveroastbeef,ifanydo;andallsay‘we-we.’”

Thewillingnesstoconformtogroupnormsaffectedcollegesanduniversities,wherecautiousstudentssoughtsecurity.Theyjoinedfraternitiesandsororitiesandengagedinpantyraidsandotherpranks,buttooklittleinterestinworldaffairs.“Iobserve,”YalepresidentA.WhitneyGriswoldtoldagraduatingclassin1950,“thatyousharetheprevailingmoodofthehour,whichinyourcaseconsistsofbargainsprivatelymadewithfate—onfate’sterms.”

Americansinthepostwaryearsdiscoveredasharedreligioussenseandreturnedtotheirchurchesinrecordnumbers.Churchmembershipdoubledbetween1945and1970.Inpart,churchattendancereflectedadesiretochallenge“godlesscommunism”attheheightoftheColdWarandtofindsomerelieffromthethreatofanuclearwar;inpart,itresultedfromthepowerofsuggestionthatledAmericanstodowhatothersdid.Religionalsoseemedtoreinforcetheimportanceoffamilylife.Asonesloganputit,“Thefamilythatpraystogetherstaystogether.”Moreover,religionbecameincreasinglyappealing.EvangelistBillyGraham,oftenintroducedas“amanwithGod’smessageforthesecrisisdays,”preachedtomillionsathisrevivals.Hecapitalizedonthemedia,usingradio,television,andfilmtospreadhismessage.Bytheendofthe1950s,fully95percentofallAmericansidentifiedwithsomereligiousdenomination.

46.Accordingtothecontext,wecanguessthat“thegreatageofconformity”roughlymeanstheerawhen______.

47.SociologistDavidRiesman’sremarksrevealed______.

48.WhatYalepresidentsaidshowsthatcollegestudents______.

49.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,largechurchattendanceseemstohavetodowithallofthefollowingexcept______.

50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.peoplefromallwalksoflifetooklittleinterestinworldaffairs

B.allsocialmemberstendedtoactthewayothersdid

C.theyoungandtheoldlearnedtonarrowtheirdifferencesandtolerateeachother

D.religionplayedanimportantroleinreinforcingtheimportanceoffamilylife

問題2選項

A.thechangeinthedietofAmericans

B.differencesinAmericans’opinionsonnurseryeducation

C.theeffectsofeconomicgrowthonAmerican’habitsandcustoms

D.theprevailingtrendtowardsassimilationinAmericansociety

問題3選項

A.gaveupstrugglingforabetterfuture

B.werestrugglinghardforabetterfuture

C.wereonlyinterestedinstudents’organizations

D.werefavoredbyfate

問題4選項

A.Americans’keenerawarenessoftheimportanceoffamilylife

B.theever-growingattractionofreligionforAmericans

C.Americans’resolvetogivefullsupporttotheColdWar

D.thegraveinternationalsituationofthetime

問題5選項

A.America:ADifferentSocietyfromthePast

B.SpreadofReligioninPostwarYears

C.Religion:AnImportantAspectofAmericanLife

D.ConformityinAmericanSociety

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】46.【選項釋義】

46.Accordingtothecontext,wecanguessthat“thegreatageofconformity”roughlymeanstheerawhen______.46.根據(jù)上下文，我們可以猜測“從眾的大時代”大致上指的是______時代。

A.peoplefromallwalksoflifetooklittleinterestinworldaffairsA.各行各業(yè)的人對世界事務(wù)不感興趣

B.allsocialmemberstendedtoactthewayothersdidB.所有社會成員都傾向于模仿他人的行為方式

C.theyoungandtheoldlearnedtonarrowtheirdifferencesandtolerateeachotherC.年輕人和老年人學(xué)會了縮小他們的差異并互相容忍

D.religionplayedanimportantroleinreinforcingtheimportanceoffamilylifeD.宗教在加強家庭生活重要性方面發(fā)揮了重要作用

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)thegreatageofconformity定位至第一段第二句“這是一個從眾的大時代（thegreatageofconformity），所有社會群體的成員都學(xué)會了模仿他們周圍的人，而不是開創(chuàng)屬于自己的想法（imitatethosearoundthemratherthanstrikeoutontheirown）”，理解可知，thegreatageofconformity（從眾的大時代）就是所有社會群體成員模仿他人行為的時代。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

C選項“年輕人和老年人學(xué)會了縮小他們的差異并互相容忍”沒提到，無中生有；

A選項“各行各業(yè)的人對世界事務(wù)不感興趣”和D選項“宗教在加強家庭生活重要性方面發(fā)揮了重要作用”與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴。

47.【選項釋義】

47.SociologistDavidRiesman’sremarksrevealed______.47.社會學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?里斯曼的評論揭示了______。

A.thechangeinthedietofAmericansA.美國人飲食的變化

B.differencesinAmericans’opinionsonnurseryeducationB.美國人對幼兒園教育的看法不同

C.theeffectsofeconomicgrowthonAmerican’habitsandcustomsC.經(jīng)濟增長對美國人生活習(xí)慣的影響

D.theprevailingtrendtowardsassimilationinAmericansocietyD.美國社會同化的流行趨勢

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句“社會學(xué)家DavidRiesman指出，在經(jīng)典的童謠《這只小豬去市場》中，每只豬都走自己的路；然而，今天所有的（all）小豬都去市場了，沒有一個待在家里；如果有的話，他們都（all）吃烤牛肉，都（all）說‘we-we’。”，其中多次使用了all一詞，結(jié)合上文提到的同化傾向，社會學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?里斯曼的評論揭示了美國當(dāng)今越來越盛行的同化趨勢。故該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“美國人飲食的變化”和B選項“美國人對幼兒園教育的看法不同”表述曲解原文；

C選項“經(jīng)濟增長對美國人生活習(xí)慣的影響”中的“生活習(xí)慣”太片面，以偏概全。

48.【選項釋義】

48.WhatYalepresidentsaidshowsthatcollegestudents______.48.耶魯大學(xué)校長所說的表明大學(xué)生______。

A.gaveupstrugglingforabetterfutureA.放棄了為美好的未來奮斗

B.werestrugglinghardforabetterfutureB.是在為一個更好的未來而奮斗

C.wereonlyinterestedinstudents’organizationsC.只對學(xué)生組織感興趣

D.werefavoredbyfateD.被命運所眷顧

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位到第二段最后一句關(guān)于耶魯大學(xué)校長所說的話“我注意到，你當(dāng)時有同樣的主導(dǎo)情緒（prevailingmood），就你而言，這是在命運的條件下與命運私下達成的交易”，prevailingmood指的是上文“謹(jǐn)慎的學(xué)生為了尋求安全感而參與各種惡作劇”，其中提到了buttooklittleinterestinworldaffairs（但是對世界事務(wù)不感興趣）；綜合理解可知，耶魯大學(xué)校長說這一句話是表明大學(xué)生放棄了為美好未來生活的奮斗。故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“是在為一個更好的未來而奮斗”與原文相反，反向干擾；

C選項“只對學(xué)生組織感興趣”表述與原文不符，文中雖然提到學(xué)生會參加一些學(xué)生組織，但這是因為他們想要尋求安全感，而不是感興趣，該項曲解原文；

D選項“被命運所眷顧”沒有體現(xiàn)，無中生有。

49.【選項釋義】

49.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,largechurchattendanceseemstohavetodowithallofthefollowingexcept______.49.根據(jù)第三段，大量的出席教會似乎與下列事情有關(guān)，除了______。

A.Americans’keenerawarenessoftheimportanceoffamilylifeA.美國人更加意識到家庭生活的重要性

B.theever-growingattractionofreligionforAmericansB.宗教對美國人日益增長的吸引力

C.Americans’resolvetogivefullsupporttotheColdWarC.美國全力支持冷戰(zhàn)的決心

D.thegraveinternationalsituationofthetimeD.當(dāng)時嚴(yán)峻的國際形勢

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第三段，第三句提到“在某種程度上，去教堂做禮拜反映了一種渴望，即在冷戰(zhàn)高峰時期挑戰(zhàn)‘無神論的共產(chǎn)主義’（challenge‘godlesscommunism’），并從核戰(zhàn)爭的威脅中尋求某種解脫”，從challenge“godlesscommunism”（挑戰(zhàn)“無神論的共產(chǎn)主義”）可以看出，當(dāng)時美國參與教會部分原因是挑戰(zhàn)蘇聯(lián)的無神論共產(chǎn)主義，所以C項與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“美國人更加意識到家庭生活的重要性”定位第三段第四句“宗教似乎也加強了家庭生活的重要性（reinforcetheimportanceoffamilylife）”，可知該項與原文相符；

B選項“宗教對美國人日益增長的吸引力”定位第六句“此外，宗教變得越來越有吸引力（increasinglyappealing）”，可知該項與原文相符；

D選項“當(dāng)時嚴(yán)峻的國際形勢”從第三句中“挑戰(zhàn)‘無神論共產(chǎn)主義’”和“從核戰(zhàn)爭的威脅中尋求某種解脫”可以看出，該項也正確。

50.【選項釋義】

50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?50.下面哪個選項可以作為這篇文章的合適標(biāo)題？

A.America:ADifferentSocietyfromthePast

A.美國：一個與過去不同的社會

B.SpreadofReligioninPostwarYears

B.戰(zhàn)后宗教的傳播

C.Religion:AnImportantAspectofAmericanLife

C.宗教：美國生活的一個重要方面

D.ConformityinAmericanSociety

D.美國社會的從眾性

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，看到首尾兩段核心句，首段第一句“隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，越來越多的同一性在美國社會盛行（anincreasingsenseofsameness）”，以及末段第一句“戰(zhàn)后，美國人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種共同的宗教意識（asharedreligioussense），重返教堂的人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了紀(jì)錄”，可知文章主要講述的內(nèi)容是美國社會的同一性。然后，看到文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，文章首先介紹美國社會同一性產(chǎn)生的歷史原因，然后從學(xué)校和宗教兩個方面來闡述同一性的表現(xiàn)。綜上所述可知，文章的關(guān)鍵詞是conformity，內(nèi)容就是美國社會的從眾性。故D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“美國：一個與過去不同的社會”、B選項“戰(zhàn)后宗教的傳播”和C選項“宗教：美國生活的一個重要方面”均屬于以偏概全。

10.單選題

Whenwritingaboutcontroversialtopics,someauthorstrytobe（

）.

問題1選項

A.impressive

B.reflective

C.objective

D.persuasive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。impressive意為“給人印象深刻的，感人的”；reflective意為“反射的，反映的”；objective意為“客觀的，實體的”；persuasive意為“有說服力的”。

句意：在寫有爭議的話題時，有些作者力求客觀。

11.單選題

Whilemanypeopleutilizehomeopathicremediestotreathealthproblems,otherpeopledonot（

）suchalternativetreatments,（

）conventionalmedicaltreatments

instead.

問題1選項

A.distrust...employing

B.embrace...eschewing

C.countenance...relyingon

D.recommend...turningfrom

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項distrust“不信任，懷疑”；employ“雇傭”；B選項embrace“擁抱”；eschew“避開”；C選項countenance“贊成”；relyon“依靠，依賴”；D選項recommend“推薦”；turnfrom“對…感到厭惡”。根據(jù)句意‘當(dāng)很多人使用順勢療法來治療健康問題時，其他人并不贊成這樣的治療方法，而是更信賴傳統(tǒng)的藥物治療?！疌選項正確。

12.單選題

Thebittercomponentsinthevegetableswillbereleasedincookingandeventuallythisbitternesswilldissipate.

問題1選項

A.discourage

B.distress

C.uncover

D.dissolve

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.discourage阻止；使氣餒B.distress使悲痛；使貧困

C.uncover發(fā)現(xiàn)；揭開D.dissolve溶解；消失

【考查點】動詞辨析

【解題思路】根據(jù)前文苦味成分（Thebittercomponents）會在烹飪過程中釋放出來（bereleased）推測，苦味被釋放后，就慢慢沒有了，D選項dissolve“溶解；消失”符合句意。原詞dissipate“消散”。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合原句語境。

【句意】蔬菜中的苦味成分會在烹飪過程中釋放出來，最終這種苦味會消散。

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

Mostpeoplebenefitfrominternationaltrade,forthesamegeneralreasonsthatmostpeoplebenefitfromthedivisionoflaborwithinnationsandwithinlocalities.Byparticipatinginabroadercommunitywithinwhichindividualsandgroupssellwhattheycanproducewiththegreatest(comparative)efficiency,peoplecansecureafargreaterquantityandvarietyofgoodsthaneachindividualcouldpossiblyobtainifhehadtoproduceeveryonehimself.Thereare,ofcourse,manyinstanceswhenblockingorlimitingtradecanbringadvantagestoparticulargroupsattheexpenseofthebroadersociety.Butthemorethesegroupssucceedinenforcingsuchrestrictions,thelowerthestandardoflivingandtheslowerthepaceofeconomicgrowthforthecommunityasawhole.

Aswithcommunities,sotoowithnations.Specificinterestscangainfromimportrestrictionsandeconomictheoryevenrecognizescasesinwhichatradebarriermightleaveanentirenationbetteroffalbeitattheexpenseofothernations.Inmostcircumstances,however,opentrade--bymaximizingeconomicefficiency—enhancesthewelfareandthestandardoflivingofthenationandofthewiderworld.

【答案】大多數(shù)人從國際貿(mào)易中獲益，這跟大多數(shù)人從國家內(nèi)部和地方內(nèi)部的分工中獲益的原因大致相同。通過參與一個更廣泛的社區(qū)，這個社區(qū)中個人與團體以最高的（相對）效率出售他們所能生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，人們獲得的商品數(shù)量與種類遠遠超過自己能生產(chǎn)的。當(dāng)然，在很多情況下，組織或者限制貿(mào)易能夠給某些特定群體帶來好處，代價是整個社會的利益。但是，這些團體越是成功地執(zhí)行這些限制，整個社區(qū)的生活水平就越低，經(jīng)濟增長的速度就越慢。

社區(qū)如此，國家也是如此。特定的利益能夠從進口限制中獲得，經(jīng)濟理論甚至承認(rèn)，在某些情況下，貿(mào)易壁壘可能常會使國家經(jīng)濟變得更好，盡管是以別國利益為代價。然而，在大多情況下，開放貿(mào)易——通過最大化經(jīng)濟效率——提高國家和更廣泛世界的福利和生活水平。

14.單選題

Withoutyourhelp,____wesomuch.

問題1選項

A.didn’tachieve

B.wouldnothaveachieved

C.willnotachieve

D.don’tachieve

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。without引出虛擬語氣，并且是對過去的事情進行虛擬，所以要用“wouldhavedone”。本句的意思是：“如果沒有你的幫助，我們不可能取得這么大的成就?！?/p>

15.單選題

Theoldcoupledecidedto（

）aboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreechildrenoftheirown.

問題1選項

A.adapt

B.bring

C.receive

D.adopt

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項adapt“使適合（新用途、新情況），適應(yīng)（新情況）”；B選項bring“帶來，引起，導(dǎo)致”；C選項receive“拿到，接到，受到”；D選項adopt“收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，采用”。此處表示這對老夫婦決定領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一男一女，因此選D。句意：這對老夫婦決定收養(yǎng)一男一女，盡管他們自己有三個孩子。

16.單選題

Thirty-onemillionAmericanareover60yearsofage,andtwenty-ninemillionofthemarehealthy,busy,productivecitizens.Bytheyear2030,oneineveryfivepeopleintheUnitedStateswillbeover60.Elderlypeoplearemembersofthefastest-growingminorityinthiscountry.Manycallthisthe“grayingofAmerica”.

In1973,agroupcalledthe“GrayPanthers”wasorganized.Thisgroupismadeupofyoungandoldcitizens.TheyaretryingtodealwiththespecialproblemsofgrowingoldinAmerica.TheGrayPanthersknowthatmanyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.Somehavefinancialproblems;pricesaregoingupsofastthattheelderlycan’taffordthefood,clothing,andhousingtheyneed.Someoldpeopleareafraidandhavesafetyproblems.Othershaveemotionalproblems.Manyelderlyarelonelybecauseofthedeathofahusbandorawife.TheGrayPanthersknowanotherfact,too.Elderlypeoplewanttobeasindependentaspossible.So,theGrayPanthersarelookingforwaystosolvethespecialproblemsoftheelderly.

ThepresidentoftheGrayPanthersisMaggieKuhn,anactivewomaninherlate70s.ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.ShesaysthatAmericansdonotencourageelderstolivewithyoungerpeople.AsfarasMaggieKuhnisconcerned,onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.

MaggieKuhnknowsthateldersneededucation,too.ShespendslotsoftimetalkingtogroupsofolderAmericans.Sheencouragesthemtocontinuetoliveintheirownhousesifitispossible.Shealsotellsthemthatitisimportanttolivewithyoungerpeopleandtohavechildrenaroundthem.Thishelpselderstostayyoungatheart.

1.Whathealthproblemsdomanyelderlyhave?

2.Nursinghomes（）.

3.MaggieKuhntravelsacrosstheUnitedStatesinorderto（）elders.

4.OneoftheproblemsMaggieKuhntalksaboutis（）.

5.MaggieKuhnencourageseldersto（）.

問題1選項

A.Theyfeellonely.

B.Theyaresufferingfromcancer.

C.Theycannotwalkorseeorhearwell.

D.Theyhavegotheartproblems.

問題2選項

A.aregoodforelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcare

B.helpkeepeldersyoung

C.aresetupfortrainingnurses

D.areplaceswheresmallchildrenaretakencareof

問題3選項

A.collectmoneyfor

B.showconcernsfor

C.findhousesfor

D.educatepeopletohelp

問題4選項

A.whyeldersshouldbetakencareof

B.whereandhowelderslive

C.whoneedsmedicalcare

D.howtoimproveeducationintheUSA

問題5選項

A.liveinnursinghomes

B.travelmore

C.livewithyoungerpeople

D.dosomehousework

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“manyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.”選項C與原文表述一致，正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Nursinghomes”定位到第三段最后一句“onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.”只有需要不斷的醫(yī)療護理的老年人才應(yīng)該住進養(yǎng)老院。也就是說，養(yǎng)老院對需要持續(xù)醫(yī)療護理的老年人有益。選項A符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.”她走遍美國，教育年輕人和老年人關(guān)注老年人的問題。選項D正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Oneoftheproblemsshetalksabo