考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大同師范高等專(zhuān)科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大同師范高等專(zhuān)科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theydidnotfind______topreparefortheworstconditionstheymightmeet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.worththeirwhile

B.itworthwhile

C.itworth

D.itworthy

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.worththeirwhile值得B.itworthwhile值得

C.itworth值得D.itworthy值得

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)find可知，findit+adj.+todo是固定搭配，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)干某事是……”，而worthwhile的搭配是itisworthwhiletodo（做某事是值得的），所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配；

C項(xiàng)worth要與doing搭配使用；

D項(xiàng)worthy要與of搭配使用。

【句意】他們覺(jué)得為可能遇到的最壞情況做準(zhǔn)備是不值得的。

2.單選題

Thegovernmentlackedmoneybecauseofbitingoil（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prices

B.stations

C.buildings

D.revenues

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。price“價(jià)格；價(jià)值”；station“車(chē)站；駐地；地位”；building“建筑；建筑物”；revenue“稅收，稅收收入”。句意：政府因?yàn)榧值氖褪杖攵卞X(qián)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Theyhadto________theirfailuretoalackofpreparation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.blame

B.dedicate

C.attribute

D.conclude

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.blame責(zé)怪，指責(zé)B.dedicate奉獻(xiàn)，投身

C.attribute歸因，歸于D.conclude推定，得出結(jié)論

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“failure（失?。睒?gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，表示他們不得不怎么樣自己的失敗，并且要能夠和to搭配。由“alackofpreparation（準(zhǔn)備不足）”可知，這是他們失敗的原因，所以空格處應(yīng)該是表達(dá)將失敗的原因歸于準(zhǔn)備不足。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意為“把……歸因于，認(rèn)為……是由于”，因此C選項(xiàng)attribute“歸因，歸于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)blame“責(zé)怪，指責(zé)”，blamesth.onsth.指將不好的事歸罪、歸咎于某事物，不能和to進(jìn)行搭配；

B選項(xiàng)dedicate“奉獻(xiàn)，投身”，dedicatesth.tosth.指在某一特定活動(dòng)或目標(biāo)上投入大量的時(shí)間和精力，不能和“failure（失?。边M(jìn)行搭配；

D選項(xiàng)conclude“推定，得出結(jié)論”指根據(jù)所見(jiàn)所聞做出決定或相信某事，不能和to進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】他們不得不把失敗歸咎于準(zhǔn)備不足。

4.單選題

The______ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離”；B選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格；詳述”；C選項(xiàng)spectrum“光譜；頻譜；范圍；余象”；D選項(xiàng)subscription“捐獻(xiàn)；訂閱；訂金”。句意：天才兒童將根據(jù)他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)于下周開(kāi)始______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里應(yīng)該指將學(xué)生進(jìn)行分班，A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

TheuniquenessoftheJapanesecharacteristheresultoftwoseeminglycontradictoryforces:thestrengthoftraditionsandtheselectivereceptivitytoforeignachievementsandinventions.Asearlyas1860stherewerecountermovementtothetraditionalorientation.OneofthefamousspokesmenofJapan’s“Enlightenment”claimed“theConfuciancivilizationoftheEastseemstometolacktwothingspossessedbyWesterncivilization:scienceinthematerialsphereandasenseofindependenceinthespiritualsphere.”AnotherbreakofrelativeliberalismfollowedWorldWarI,whenthedemocraticidealismofPresidentWoodrowWilsonhadanimportantimpactonJapaneseintellectualsandespeciallystudents;butmoreimportantwastheLeninistideologyofthe1917BolshevikRevolution.Again,intheearly1930s,nationalismandmilitarismbecamedominant.

FollowingtheendofWorldWarII,substantialchangeswereundertakeninJapantoliberatetheindividualfromauthoritarianrestrains.Thenewdemocraticvaluesystemwasacceptedbymanyteachers,students,intellectuals,andoldliberals,butitwasnotimmediatelyembracedbythesocietyasawhole.Japanesetraditionsweredominatedbygroupvalues,andnotionsofpersonalfreedomandindividualrightswereunfamiliar.

Today,democraticprocessesareclearlyevidentinthewidespreadparticipationoftheJapanesepeopleinsocialandpoliticallife.Schooltextbooksemphasizeequalityoverhierarchyandrationalismovertradition;butinpracticethesevaluesareoftenmisinterpretedanddistorted,particularlybytheyouthwhotranslatetheindividualisticandhumanisticgoalsofdemocracyintoegoisticandmaterialisticones.

MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.Animportantfeatureofrelationshipsinmanyinstitutions,includingpoliticalpartiesanduniversitiesis,theoyabun-kobunorparent-childrelation.Thecorrespondingloyaltyoftheindividualtohispatronreinforceshisallegiancetothegrouptowhichtheybothbelong.Awillingnesstocooperatewithothermembersofthegroupandtosupportwithoutqualificationtheinterestsofthegroupinallitsexternalrelationsisstillawidelyrespectedvirtue.Theoyabun-kobuncreatesladdersofmobilitywhichanindividualcanascend,risingasfarasabilitiespermit,solongashemaintainssuccessfulpersonaltieswithasuperiorintheverticalchannel,thelatterrequirementusuallytakingprecedenceoveraneedforexceptionalcompetence.Asaconsequence,thereislittlehorizontalrelationshipbetweenpeoplewiththesameprofession.

1.ThespokesmanofJapan’s“Enlightenment”thoughtthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutJapan’scultureistrue?

3.Therelationshipofoyabun-kobuncanbeonebetween（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetraditionalcultureshouldbereplacedbywesternmodernization

B.JapaneseoughttoforsaketheConfuciancivilizationoftheEast

C.theConfuciancivilizationinJapanshouldbedominant

D.Japanshouldintroducewesterncivilization

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.SubstantialchangesindemocraticprocesshavetakenplaceduringWorldWarH

B.NowadaysthetraditionalConfucianismisanecessarypartofthesocietyinJapan.

C.TodaytheConfucianismoutweighsthedemocraticvaluesysteminuniversitiesofJapan.

D.ThedemocraticideawasnotacceptedbythesocietyafterWorldWarII.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ashopownerandacustomer

B.aCEOandanemployee

C.apoliticianandanopponent

D.ajudgeandalawyer

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.respectforauthorityplaysamoreimportantroleinpromotion

B.westernvalueshaveoverwhelmedtraditionalJapaneseattitudes

C.colleaguesaremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthanbefore

D.mostJapaneseworkersaremembersofasingleparty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第三句“Ohespiritualsphere.’”日本“啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)”的一位著名發(fā)言人宣稱(chēng)：“在我看來(lái)，東方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所擁有的兩樣?xùn)|西：物質(zhì)領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)和精神領(lǐng)域的獨(dú)立意識(shí)?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，他認(rèn)為日本應(yīng)該引進(jìn)西方文明，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.選項(xiàng)A應(yīng)該是一戰(zhàn)后，所以不正確；選項(xiàng)C明顯錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thenewdemocratic...thesocietyasawhole.”可知選項(xiàng)D屬于完全否定，與原文表述不符;根據(jù)第四段第一句“MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.”大多數(shù)日本人都有意識(shí)地拒絕儒家思想,但舊秩序的殘余依然存在。也就是說(shuō)，傳統(tǒng)儒學(xué)根深蒂固，是日本社會(huì)不可或缺的一部分。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動(dòng)的梯子，一個(gè)人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級(jí)保持良好的個(gè)人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對(duì)非凡能力的需要。由此可以推斷，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下級(jí)之間的關(guān)系”，選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合要求。

4.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動(dòng)的梯子，一個(gè)人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級(jí)保持良好的個(gè)人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對(duì)非凡能力的需要。作者其實(shí)是在暗示，尊重權(quán)威在晉升中扮演著更重要的角色。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

6.單選題

AnotherfoodcropraisedbyIndians______strangetotheEuropeanwascalledIndiancorn.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whowere

B.thatwere

C.thatwas

D.whowas

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：印第安人種植的另一種對(duì)歐洲人來(lái)說(shuō)很陌生的糧食作物叫作印第安玉米。橫線及strangetotheEuropean部分是修飾anotherfoodcrop的定語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)anotherfoodcrop是不可數(shù)名詞確定用thatwas，C選項(xiàng)thatwas符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ahiddenalarmunderthecashier’stablecanbe____incaseofemergency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.negotiated

B.initiated

C.launched

D.activated

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.negotiated談判；協(xié)商B.initiated開(kāi)始；發(fā)起

C.launched發(fā)射D.activated激活

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：收銀臺(tái)下面隱藏的警報(bào)器可以在緊急情況下……。根據(jù)邏輯，在緊急情況下，可以啟動(dòng)也就是激活警報(bào)器。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】收銀臺(tái)下面隱藏的警報(bào)器可以在緊急情況下啟動(dòng)。

8.單選題

Thebookshiftedheroutlookfromsocialtospiritual,foritsthemewasthatbeforeyouchangeotherpeopleyouhavetochangeyourself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.viewpoint

B.vocation

C.prospect

D.preference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這本書(shū)將她的……從社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向精神方面，因?yàn)樗闹黝}是在改變他人之前，你必須先改變自己。viewpoint“觀點(diǎn)，視角”；vocation“職業(yè)”；prospect“前景，期望”；preference“偏愛(ài)，傾向”。根據(jù)“fromsocialtospiritual”可推測(cè)劃線單詞的意思是“觀點(diǎn)”，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

LibbyliedtoinvestigatorsabouthisroleindisclosingtheidentityofaCIAofficerinorderto_______theWhiteHousefrompoliticalembarrassment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aviate

B.recover

C.berate

D.insulate

【答案】D

【解析】aviate飛行；recover重新獲得，恢復(fù)；berate嚴(yán)責(zé)，申斥；insulate使絕緣，隔離。句意：在揭露一名中情局官員的身份時(shí)，利比向調(diào)查人員隱瞞了自己的任務(wù)，目的是讓白宮不會(huì)陷人政治困境。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?Don’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainasblood-thirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongago:spotswhicharequiteasbarbarousas,say,publichangingsorbear-baiting.

Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattleeachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof'thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,forinstance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteenrounds.Theyfeeldisappointedbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.

Whyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightofmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsoranyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimproved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sopinionofnowadays’humanbeingsis______.

2.Themainideaofthispassageis_______.

3.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansis_______

.

4.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis_______

.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notveryhigh

B.high

C.contemptuous

D.critical

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw

B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence

C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports

D.peopleareblood-thirstyinsports

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.tocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday’speople

B.togiveanexample

C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter

D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtoblood-thirsty

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Three

B.Five

C.Six

D.Seven

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves

B.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wecanimprovelaw

C.thatwemusttakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem

D.toshowthelawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到關(guān)鍵句第一段第五句Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Humanbeingsremainasblood-thirstyasevertheywere.以及第二段第三句Anytalkof‘thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.（任何有關(guān)“體育精神”的說(shuō)法都是徹頭徹尾的偽善）。第二段最后一句Theyfeeldisappointedbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.（他們感到失望，因?yàn)樗麄儽粍儕Z了目睹長(zhǎng)期折磨和暴力的美妙樂(lè)趣），第二步，概括理解，從這里可以看出作者對(duì)現(xiàn)在人類(lèi)的看法也覺(jué)得他們不高尚，不然不會(huì)有這么多人喜歡看這種暴力游戲，選A選項(xiàng)“不是很高尚”；

B選項(xiàng)“高尚”，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“蔑視的”，定位到WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.（他們可能會(huì)輕蔑地談?wù)摽蓱z的古羅馬人，因?yàn)樗麄兿硎苤诟?jìng)技場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行的殺戮狂歡），這個(gè)是現(xiàn)代人對(duì)古羅馬人的觀點(diǎn)，不是作者對(duì)現(xiàn)代人的觀點(diǎn)，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“批判的”，作者對(duì)人喜歡暴力這種行為是持批判態(tài)度的，不止包括現(xiàn)代人，D選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。

第2題:主旨大意題。第一步，分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，全文是分總結(jié)構(gòu)，整篇文章圍繞著人類(lèi)喜歡暴力運(yùn)動(dòng)這種行為展開(kāi)的，第一段引入現(xiàn)代人和古羅馬人對(duì)比，指出現(xiàn)代人仍然喜歡暴力，第二段對(duì)第一段進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充，第三段作者希望人類(lèi)能夠放棄這種暴力喜好，文章中心句也是在最后一段倒數(shù)二三句Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.（如果我們禁止危險(xiǎn)和暴力的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們將進(jìn)一步改善人類(lèi)。我們將認(rèn)識(shí)到暴力是可恥的，不值得人類(lèi)使用），由此可知答案選A選項(xiàng)“非法和危險(xiǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)該被法律禁止”；

B選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)敢饣ù罅康腻X(qián)去看暴力”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第四句Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.（觀眾愿意花大價(jià)錢(qián)看暴力），文章雖然有提及但是不是文章主旨，這里屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“比較對(duì)危險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的兩種不同態(tài)度”，全文沒(méi)有對(duì)比兩種態(tài)度屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)谶\(yùn)動(dòng)中是嗜血的”，定位到第一段第五句Areweanylessblood-thirsty?（我們不那么嗜血了嗎?），這句文章雖然有提及但不是文章主旨，所以不能選，這里屬于以偏概全。

第3題:推理判斷題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到該段中心句第一段第一句Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.（當(dāng)你想到我們?cè)诩夹g(shù)上取得的巨大進(jìn)步時(shí)，令人驚訝的是，我們?cè)谄渌矫娴陌l(fā)展微乎其微），第二步，尋找上下文線索，從這里可以看出作者的觀點(diǎn)是人類(lèi)除了在科技方面有進(jìn)步其他方面都沒(méi)有進(jìn)步，然后引出羅馬人的例子來(lái)解釋作者為什么這么說(shuō)，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“將古羅馬人和現(xiàn)代的人進(jìn)行比較”；

B選項(xiàng)“舉個(gè)例子”，文章的重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)代人仍然嗜血不是人類(lèi)喜歡嗜血游戲，所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤，屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“來(lái)表明過(guò)去的人類(lèi)沒(méi)有比這更好的了”，定位到第三段第四句話Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.（我們可以屈尊地原諒他們，因?yàn)樗麄兩钤?000年前，顯然不知道什么是更好的。），這里文章雖然提及，但與題干不相關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴，所以不選；

D選項(xiàng)“表明人類(lèi)已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了嗜血”是文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，第一段第六行boxingmatches“拳賽”，第一段最后一句publichangingsorbear-baiting“逗熊游戲”，第二段第一行huntingorbull-fighting，第二段第三行racingcars“賽車(chē)”，從這里可知答案選B；publichanging“公開(kāi)絞刑”是一種刑罰不是娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，所以不能選C。

第5題:主旨大意題。第一步，分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，全文是分總結(jié)構(gòu)，整篇文章圍繞著人類(lèi)喜歡暴力運(yùn)動(dòng)這種行為展開(kāi)的，第一段引入現(xiàn)代人和古羅馬人對(duì)比，指出現(xiàn)代人仍然喜歡暴力，第二段對(duì)第一段進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充，第三段作者希望人類(lèi)能夠放棄這種暴力喜好，文章中心句也是在最后一段倒數(shù)二三句Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.（如果我們禁止危險(xiǎn)和暴力的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們將進(jìn)一步改善人類(lèi)。我們將認(rèn)識(shí)到暴力是可恥的，不值得人類(lèi)使用），由此可知答案選A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)禁止暴力運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們?nèi)祟?lèi)可以提高自己”；

B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)禁止暴力體育活動(dòng)，我們可以完善法律”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“我們必須采取積極措施來(lái)改善社會(huì)福利制度”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明法律是社會(huì)變革的主要工具”。定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三句話Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.雖然文章有提及法律是社會(huì)變革的主要工具，但是作者提到這個(gè)是希望通過(guò)立法把這種暴力游戲禁止從而達(dá)到人類(lèi)自我提升的目的，所以不選，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤。

11.翻譯題

1.綠水青山就是金山銀山，保護(hù)環(huán)境就是保護(hù)生產(chǎn)，發(fā)展環(huán)境就是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力。

2.人類(lèi)命運(yùn)共同體，顧名思義就是每個(gè)地區(qū)每個(gè)國(guó)家應(yīng)該把命運(yùn)緊緊聯(lián)系在一起，榮辱與共，共同進(jìn)步。

3.應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離封閉的世界，打造開(kāi)放的世界，中國(guó)有句古話，“萬(wàn)物共存而不相害，道共行而不相逆”，我們應(yīng)該求同存異，尋找其他事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，發(fā)展自己。

【答案】1.Lucidwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets;protectingtheenvironmentmeansprotectingproduction;developingenvironmentmeansdevelopingproductivity.

2.Humancommunitywithasharedfuture,asthenamesuggests,meansthateveryregionandcountryshouldcloselylinktheirdestiniesandsharewealandwoeforcommonprogress.

3.Weshouldstayawayfromaclosedworldandbuildanopenworld.AsanoldChinesesayinggoes,“Alllivingthingscoexistwithoutharmingeachother,andallroadsworktogetherwithoutgoingagainsteachother.”Weshouldseekcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferences,lookforthestrengthsofotherthingsanddevelopourselves.

12.單選題

Leavesthatfallfromtreeseventually（

）andturnintosoil.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contract

B.decay

C.fade

D.wither

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contract“合同，婚約”;decay“腐爛，腐朽”;fade“淡出”；wither“凋謝，衰弱”。句意：樹(shù)葉終將從樹(shù)上飄落，腐爛后化作泥土。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Shespokeso______attheconference,asthoughthesaidissuewasoflittleimportance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.seriously

B.casually

C.stubbornly

D.comically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞解析。A選項(xiàng)seriously“認(rèn)真地；嚴(yán)重地，嚴(yán)肅地”；B選項(xiàng)casually“隨便地；偶然地；臨時(shí)地”；C選項(xiàng)stubbornly“倔強(qiáng)地；頑固地；頑強(qiáng)地；固執(zhí)地”；D選項(xiàng)comically“滑稽地；詼諧地”。句意：她在會(huì)議上講話那么隨便，好像那個(gè)問(wèn)題不重要似的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Idon’tthinkthatthisquestionissubordinate（）themainaimofourcompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.to

C.for

D.on

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我認(rèn)為這個(gè)問(wèn)題不屬于我們公司的主要目標(biāo)。besubordinateto意為“從屬于……，次于……”，選項(xiàng)B正確。

15.單選題

Hewasextremely（

）bytheillnessofhisdaughter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agitated

B.exploited

C.influenced

D.dominated

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)agitate“使..不安”；B選項(xiàng)exploit“開(kāi)發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)influence“影響”；D選項(xiàng)dominate“控制，支配”。句意：女兒的疾病使他特別焦慮不安。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

Theplanet’swildcreaturesfaceanewthreat—fromyuppies(雅皮士),emptynestersandoneparentfamilies.

Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.

EvenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindledinsomeregionsofNewZealand,forinstance—thenumbersofindividualhouseholdshasincreased,becauseofdivorce,careerchoice,smallerfamiliesandlongerlifespan.

JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNature,inapaperpublishedonlineinadvance,thatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholds,eachcontainingonaveragefewerpeople,meantmorepressureonnaturalresources.

Townsandcitiesbegantosprawl(蔓延)asnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbing,cookingandrefrigeration.

“Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.”DrLiusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countries,including76“hotspot”regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyoflocalwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustralia,NewZealand,theUS,Brazil,China,India,Kenya,andItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe“hotspot”partsoftheglobe,theannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%.

“Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level,”thescientistsreport,“therewouldhavebeen155millionfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000”.

DrLiu’sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina’sWolongreservearemoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.

Onlyaround1.75millionspeciesontheplanethavebeennamedanddescribed.Biologistsestimatethattherecouldbe7million,oreven17million,asyettobeidentified.Buthumannumbershavegrownmorethansix-foldinthepast200years,andhumansandtheirlivestockarenowthegreatestsingleconsumergroupontheplanet.Theworldpopulationwillcontinuetosoar,perhapslevelingoffaround9billioninthenextcentury.Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.

56.Biologistsreportthatthebiodiversityisdecreasingbecause（）.

57.Researchersstatethat（）.

58.Theexampleinparagraph8indicatedthat（）.

59.Someenvironmentalistswarnthatthesoaringpopulationwillcause（）.

60.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreindividualhouseholdsareincreasinggreatly

B.humanbeingsarethreateningmanywildcreatures

C.humanpopulationshavebeendecreasinginrecentyears

D.wildcreaturesdependonmoreindividualhouseholds

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.largerfamiliesaremoreefficientinconsumingnaturalresourcesthansmallerfamilies

B.bothlargerandsmallerfamiliesneedthesameamountsofnaturalresources

C.smallerfamiliesaremoreextravagantinliving

D.largerfamiliesaremorefrugalinliving

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thelocalpeopledonotmindconservingthenaturalenvironment

B.thelocalpeopleshouldfurthercontroltheriseofpopulation

C.theincreaseoflocalpopulationledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

D.theincreaseofindividualhouseholdsledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedegradationofpeople’slivingstandardinthenextcentury

B.thedeteriorationoflivingenvironmentinthenextcentury

C.thereproductionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

D.theextinctionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theincreaseofhumanpopulationleadstomoredestructionofthenaturalworld

B.thedecreaseofanimalnopopulationresultsfromthedwindlingbiodiversityinthenaturalworld

C.theplanet’sbiodiversityisalsorelatedtothenumberofhouseholds

D.theplanet’sbiodiversityreliesonthebalancedincreaseoflargerandsmallerhouseholds

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】56.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物學(xué)家研究地球上日益減少的生物多樣性所帶來(lái)的壓力，今天報(bào)告了一個(gè)新的警報(bào)理由。盡管人口的增長(zhǎng)率在下降，但個(gè)體家庭的數(shù)量卻在激增。）也就是說(shuō)生物多樣性的減少是由于個(gè)體家庭數(shù)量的激增，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)正在威脅許多野生動(dòng)物”；文章沒(méi)有提到；C選項(xiàng)“近年來(lái)人口一直在減少”，不是原因；D選項(xiàng)“野生動(dòng)物依賴更多的個(gè)體家庭”，無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)。

57.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第六段的第一句話Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.（在規(guī)模更大的家庭中，資源消耗的效率會(huì)高得多，因?yàn)楦嗟娜朔窒頄|西。）因此A選項(xiàng)“大家庭在消耗自然資源方面比小家庭更有效率”正確。B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)論是大家庭還是小家庭都需要相同數(shù)量的自然資源”；C選項(xiàng)“小家庭生活更奢侈”以及D選項(xiàng)“大家庭生活更節(jié)儉”都是原文沒(méi)有提到的。

58.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第八段的最后一句Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谠鲩L(zhǎng)了，但房屋的總數(shù)增長(zhǎng)得更快，從而對(duì)竹林產(chǎn)生了更大的影響。）可知，小規(guī)模家庭的增多，意味著對(duì)自然生態(tài)的破壞就越多，生物的多樣性就會(huì)減少，因此D選項(xiàng)“個(gè)體家庭的增加導(dǎo)致了生物多樣性的減少”正確。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬唤橐獗Ｗo(hù)自然環(huán)境”，并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)；B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)厝藨?yīng)該進(jìn)一步控制人口的增長(zhǎng)”，過(guò)度推斷；C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)厝丝诘脑黾訉?dǎo)致了生物多樣性的減少”，并不是人口的增多，而是小規(guī)模家庭的增多，錯(cuò)誤。

59.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段最后一句話Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.（環(huán)保人士聲稱(chēng)，地球上四分之一到一半的物種可能在下個(gè)世紀(jì)滅絕。）通過(guò)這句話可知，人口的增多，將導(dǎo)致更多的生物物種在下個(gè)世紀(jì)滅絕。因此D選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)將有更多的野生物種滅絕”正確。A選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)人們生活水平的下降”；B選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)生活環(huán)境的惡化”以及C選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)更多野生物種的繁殖”都不符合原文。

60.主旨大意題。在第二段中Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物學(xué)家研究地球上日益減少的生物多樣性所帶來(lái)的壓力，今天報(bào)告了一個(gè)新的警報(bào)理由。盡管人口的增長(zhǎng)率在下降，但個(gè)體家庭的數(shù)量卻在激增。）以及最后一段中Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谠鲩L(zhǎng)了，但房屋的總數(shù)增長(zhǎng)得更快，從而對(duì)竹林產(chǎn)生了更大的影響。）都可以得知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)小規(guī)模家庭的增多，勢(shì)必會(huì)消耗更多的能源，破壞更多的生態(tài)平衡，也就導(dǎo)致了生物多樣性的減少，因此C選項(xiàng)“地球的生物多樣性也與家庭的數(shù)量有關(guān)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人口的增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致了對(duì)自然世界更多的破壞”；B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物數(shù)量的減少是由于自然界生物多樣性的減少”以及“地球的生物多樣性依賴于大大小小的家庭的平衡增長(zhǎng)”，都不能闡釋文章的主題。

17.單選題

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorated

B.dissipated

C.dispersed

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deteriorate“惡化”；dissipate“浪費(fèi)”；disperse“分散”；drain“排水；耗盡”。句意：在同一份工作上干了四年，他對(duì)工作的熱情慢慢耗盡了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

18.翻譯題

科學(xué)是關(guān)于自然的知識(shí)總體，它代表了人類(lèi)的共同努力、洞察力、研究成果和智慧?？茖W(xué)并不是什么新東西，在有文字記載的歷史以前，當(dāng)人們最初發(fā)現(xiàn)了在他們周?chē)磸?fù)出現(xiàn)的各種關(guān)系時(shí)，就有了科學(xué)的開(kāi)端。通過(guò)對(duì)這些關(guān)系的仔細(xì)觀察，人們開(kāi)始了解自然，而由于自然的可靠性，人們還發(fā)現(xiàn)他們能夠做出預(yù)測(cè)，從而在某種程度上控制他們周?chē)沫h(huán)境。

科學(xué)家是一群努力洞悉自然，在表面雜亂無(wú)序中尋求規(guī)律的人。他們具有一種特殊的思考與分析能力，具有無(wú)限的耐心進(jìn)行觀察和收集數(shù)據(jù)。但是，并不能把一切科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)都?xì)w因于能力和耐心，科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)常常與創(chuàng)造性的想象力緊密相關(guān)。的確，想象力的飛躍往往是通向發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一步。另外，科學(xué)家也以其誠(chéng)實(shí)而著稱(chēng)。他們非常重視誠(chéng)實(shí)，主要是因?yàn)檎\(chéng)實(shí)對(duì)他們至關(guān)重要。他們提出的每一個(gè)理論都要受到進(jìn)一步的檢驗(yàn)。每一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤或謊言必將被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)了與他們的想法相矛盾的證據(jù)，科學(xué)家不是隱瞞證據(jù)，而是修改甚至放棄他們的想法。這樣他們積累了極其大量的知識(shí)，這些知識(shí)幫助我們更好地了解自己及周?chē)氖澜纭?/p>

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Scienceisthebodyofknowledgeaboutnaturethatrepresentsthecollectiveefforts,insights,findings,andwisdomofthehumanrace.Scienceisnotsomethingnewbuthaditsbeginningsbeforerecordedhistorywhenhumansfirstdiscoveredreoccurringrelationshipsaroundthem.Throughcarefulobservationsoftheserelationships,theybegantoknownatureand,becauseofnature’sdependability,foundtheycouldmakepredictionstoenablesomecontrolovertheirsurroundings.

Scientistsareasmallgroupofpeoplewhostrivetogaininsightsintonature,seekingorderinseemingdisorderliness.Theyarecreditedwithaspecialabilitytothinkandanalyze,andwithinfinitepatienceinmakingobservationsandcollectingdata.Butabilityandpatiencedonotaccountforallscientificdiscoveries,whichoftenhavemuchtodowithcreativeimagination.Indeedaleapofimaginationisoftenthefirststeptowardsdiscovery.Scientistsarealsonotedfortheirhonesty.Theyplaceahighpremiumonhonestylargelybecauseitisessentialtotheircareer.Everytheorytheyformulateissubjectedtofurthertesting.Everymistakeorlieisboundtobefoundout.Thereforeifanyevidenceisfoundcontradictingtheirideas,scientistsdonotsuppresstheevidencebutmodifyorevenabandontheirideas.Inthiswaytheyhavebuiltupanimmensebodyofknowledge,whichhelpsustounderstandbetterourselvesandtheworldaroundus.

19.單選題

Therewasonlyasmall（

）inthecity’spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intimacy

B.immortality

C.incidence

D.increment

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在過(guò)去十年內(nèi)這個(gè)城市的人口只有一個(gè)小幅度的增加。

名詞辨析。Intimacy親密，隱私;immortality永生,不朽;incidence發(fā)生率,影響;increment增加。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

20.單選題

Traditionally,thewomanhasheldalowpositioninmarriagepartnerships.Whileherhusbandwenthisway,shehadtowash,stitchandsew.Todaythemoveistoliberatethewoman,whichmayintheendstrengthenthemarriageunion.

Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageistheamountacoupleusuallyseeofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnottestedbythestrainofdaily,year-longcohabitation.Couplesneedtotakeupseparateinterests(andfriendship)aswellasmutuallysharedones,iftheyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’spersonalities.

Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexertthemselvesforguests—beingamusing,discussingwithpassionandpoint—andthentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.

Asinallfriendship,ahusbandandwifemusttrytointeresteachother,andtospendsufficienttimesharingabsorbingactivitiestogivethemcontinuingcommoninterests.Butatthesametimetheymustspendenoughtimeonseparateinterestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparatepersonalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh.

Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingwomen,homerepresentschoreobligations,becausethehusbandonlytoleratesherwork