考研考博-英語-天津體育學院運動與文化藝術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津體育學院運動與文化藝術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute______ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassusby.

問題1選項

A.friction

B.function

C.fraction

D.fiction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項friction“摩擦”，B項function“功能，職責”，C項fraction“分數(shù)，部分，小部分”，D項fiction“小說，虛構(gòu)，編造”?？崭裉幮枰钊胍粋€of所屬關系的名詞，與thesightsandsounds（視覺和聽覺）搭配，B、D可排除。由后面的thegreatmajority（大多數(shù)）可知，這里形成了對比，所以前面表示“一小部分”，C項符合。句意：我們很少能夠感知到那些極其微小的落在我們感覺器官上的視覺或聽覺片斷，（這些片斷中的）大部分從我們身邊溜走了。因此，該題選擇C項。

2.單選題

Asforloveofchildren,thisloveis（）expressedthroughsupplyingmaterialcomforts,a-musements,andeducationalopportunities.

問題1選項

A.increasingly

B.tolerably

C.dynamically

D.obediently

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：至于對孩子的愛，這種愛總是表現(xiàn)在

為他們提供物質(zhì)上的安逸，玩樂和

教育的機會。increasingly逐漸地；tolerably可容忍地；dynamically充滿活力地；obediently服從地。

因此，A項符合句意。

3.單選題

Anarchaeologisthastopaymuchattentionto（）detailsofanunearthedobject.

問題1選項

A.miserable

B.minus

C.minute

D.moist

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。C項minute（極小的，微小的）與句中details(細節(jié))搭配合理。

4.單選題

.Inthemuseumthereisa（

）oftheshipMayflower.

問題1選項

A.supplement

B.nucleus

C.miniature

D.valve

【答案】C

【解析】supplement增補,補充；nucleus核心；miniature微小的模型；valve閥,活門。句意:博物館里有一艘五月花號船的微縮模型。選項C符合句意。

5.單選題

Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigitalinformationthan________intraditionalmedia.

問題1選項

A.exist

B.exists

C.existing

D.toexist

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。than可以做定語從句的關系代詞。在此用法中than既充當比較作用，又充當代詞作用，代替前面的theuseandcopyingofdigitalinformation，主語是復數(shù)，謂語動詞用原型，所以A選項正確。句意：這些提案尋求在數(shù)字信息的使用和復制上給予比在傳統(tǒng)媒體的使用和復制上更多的限制。

6.單選題

Thefollowingqualificationsareessentialforthepost:anhonorsdegreeinEnglish,_______inshorthandandtypewritingandsomeexperienceinjournalism.

問題1選項

A.proficiency

B.expertise

C.knowledge

D.familiarity

【答案】A

【解析】proficiency精通,熟練;expertise專門技術(shù);familiarity熟悉。句意：應聘該職位必須具備以下條件:英語榮譽學位,速記和打字熟練,有一定的新聞工作經(jīng)驗。選項A符合句意。

7.單選題

AlexanderWolcott'sflamboyantpersonalitycombinedsharpnessofwitwithsentimentality.

問題1選項

A.devious

B.humorous

C.singer

D.showy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：AlexanderWolcott浮夸的個性結(jié)合了敏銳的機智和多愁善感。flamboyant意為“艷麗的，炫耀的，浮夸的”。devious偏僻的，彎曲的；humorous幽默的；singer歌手；showy艷麗的，炫耀的，顯眼的。選項D與之意思相近。

8.單選題

Hackersneverwerepartofthemainstreamestablishment,buttheircurrentreputationasvillainsofcyberspaceisafarcryfromtheearlydayswhen,firstandforemost,theywereseenasardentifquirkyprogrammers,capableofnear-miraculous,unorthodoxfeatsofmachinemanipulation.Buttheshiftinpopularperceptiontohackersasdeviantsandcriminalsisimportantnotonlybecauseitaffectsthehackersthemselvesandtheextraordinaryculturethathasgrownaroundthem,butbecauseitreflectsshiftsinthedevelopment,governance,andmeaningofthenewinformationtechnology.

InHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolution,StevenLevytracestherootsofevolvinghackercommunitiestotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1950s.Here,coremembersoftheTechModelRailroadClub“discovered”computersfirstasatoolforenhancingtheirbelovedmodelrailroadsandthenasobjectsofpassionintheirownright.TheyturnedtheirconsiderablecreativeenergiestothetaskofbuildingandprogrammingMIT'searlymainframesinuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistencewithformalemployeesoftheuniversity'stechnicalstaff.

Formidableprogrammers,thesehackersproducedanddebuggedcomputercodesatanastonishingrate.Theyhelpeddevelophardwareandsoftwareforexistingcomputerfunctionsandinventednovelalgorithmsandapplicationsthatwereincorporatedintosubsequentgenerationsofcomputers.Thesenovelfunctionsnotonlyextendedrecreationalcapabilities—gaming,virtualreality,anddigitizedmusic一butalsoincreasedpracticalcapabilitiessuchasthecontrolofrobotsandprocessingspeeds.Obsessiveworkalsoyieldedahostofbasicsystemsubroutinesandutilitiesthatpushedoperatingcapacitiesandefficiencytonewheights,andbecameafundamentalpartofwhatweexperienceeverytimewesitinfrontofacomputer.

Thisbookdescribeslegendaryhackingbinges—daysandnightswithlittleornosleep—leadingtoproductsthatsurprisedandsometimesannoyedcolleaguesinmainstreamacademicandresearchpositions.“Thepurehack”didnotrespectprescribedmethodsortheory-driven,top-downapproachestocomputerscienceandengineering.Theunconventionallifestyledidnotseemtoputoffadherents,eventhoughitcouldbeprettyunwholesome:adisregardforpatternsofnightandday,adietofjunk-food,inattentiontopersonalappearanceandhygiene,andthevirtualabsenceofanylifeoutsideofhacking.

Itwasnotonlysingle-mindedattachmenttotheircraftthatdefinedtheseearlybackersbuttheirespousalofanideologyinformallycalledthe“hackerethic.”Thiscreedincludedseveralelements:commitmenttototalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation,beliefinimmensepowersofcomputerstoimprovepeople'slivesandcreateartandbeauty,disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing,andaninsistencethathackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment.Inotherwords,thecultureofhackingincorporatedpoliticalandmoralvaluesaswellastechnicalends.

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?

問題1選項

A.ongoodterms

B.somewhatunsettled

C.hostile

D.tricky

問題2選項

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.

B.Hacker'seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.

問題3選項

A.unconventional

B.innovative

C.annoying

D.outofdate

問題4選項

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas______.1.20世紀50年代末，黑客團體和麻省理工學院管理部門之間的關系可以用______來描述。

A.ongoodtermsA.關系和睦的

B.somewhatunsettledB.有點不穩(wěn)定的

C.hostileC.敵對的

D.trickyD.非常微妙的

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“他們把大量的創(chuàng)造力投入到建造和編程MIT早期的大型機的任務中，與大學的技術(shù)人員在不穩(wěn)定但相對和睦的環(huán)境中共存（inuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistence）”，從中可知，20世紀50年代末，黑客團體和MIT之間的關系是相當和睦的。A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B項“有點不穩(wěn)定的”在文中雖然提及，但并不是重點之處，屬于本末倒置；

C項“敵對的”與原文相反，反向干擾；

D項“非常微妙的”沒提及，無中生有。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?2.下面哪一項在這段話中是不正確的？

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.A.在黑客的幫助下，現(xiàn)有的計算機功能得到了改進。

B.Hacker’seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.B.黑客的努力在幾個方面幫助我們提高了計算機的性能。

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.C.在過去，黑客通常被認為是非法的。

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.D.黑客相信他們的技術(shù)成就是評價他們的唯一標準。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段首句“黑客從來都不是主流機構(gòu)的一部分，但他們目前作為網(wǎng)絡空間惡棍的名聲，與早期的情形相去甚遠，當時，他們首先被視為熱情而古怪的程序員，能夠近乎奇跡般地完成非正統(tǒng)的機器操作壯舉?！?，從中可知，在過去，黑客是被視為熱情而古怪的程序員，且技術(shù)精通；并且本文主要不是講黑客犯罪或其他黑歷史，而是講早前的黑客其實與現(xiàn)在大不同，C項“在過去，黑客通常被認為是非法的”與全文基調(diào)不符。故該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“在黑客的幫助下，現(xiàn)有的計算機功能得到了改進”和B項“黑客的努力在幾個方面幫助我們提高了計算機的性能”從原文第三段可以得知，第三段提到黑客幫助開發(fā)了用于現(xiàn)有計算機功能的硬件和軟件，并發(fā)明了新的算法和應用程序，而且還擴展了計算機的許多功能，他們還將計算機操作能力和效率推到了新的高度，所以該兩項符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項“黑客相信他們的技術(shù)成就是評價他們的唯一標準”根據(jù)末段倒數(shù)第二句“……他們堅信評估黑客的標準只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就（hackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，所以該項也符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis______.3.《黑客：計算機革命的英雄》中描述的黑客的生活方式是______。

A.unconventionalA.非常規(guī)的，非傳統(tǒng)的

B.innovativeB.創(chuàng)新的

C.annoyingC.令人討厭的

D.outofdateD.過時的

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“這種非傳統(tǒng)的生活方式（Theunconventionallifestyle）似乎并沒有讓追隨者們反感……”，從中可知，黑客的生活方式是非傳統(tǒng)的。A項正確。

【干擾項排除】B項“創(chuàng)新的”、C項“令人討厭的”和D項“過時的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?4.以下哪一項包含在黑客倫理中？

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.A.克服阻礙前進的困難的堅強意志。

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.B.致力于免費獲取信息。

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.C.專注于提高他們的技藝。

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.D.創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞hackerethic定位至最后一段第二句“這個信條包括幾個要素：承諾免費使用電腦和信息（totalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation），相信計算機的巨大力量（beliefinimmensepowersofcomputers）可以改善人們的生活以及創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美麗，蔑視針對自由訪問計算而設置的障礙（disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing），和堅持評估黑客的標準只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就（insistencethathackersbeevaluatedbyothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，從中可知，B項“致力于免費獲取信息”是包含在黑客倫理里面的。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“克服阻礙前進的困難的堅強意志”原文沒有提及，無中生有；

C項“專注于提高他們的技藝”，原文是堅持評估黑客的標準只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就，并沒有說明他們要專注于提高技藝，曲解原文；

D項“創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量”，原文是“計算機的巨大力量（immensepowersofcomputers）”，并不是藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量，屬于曲解原文。

9.單選題

Studentswith（）problemsmayapplyforstudentloans.

問題1選項

A.economic

B.financial

C.nabobery

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項economic“經(jīng)濟上的”。B選項financial“財政的”。C選項nabobery“財主常去的地方”。D選項economical“節(jié)約的，合算的”。句意：有財務問題的學生可以申請學生貸款。因此B選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Howeverimportantweregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesoftheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives.

Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsapprisedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshopsexplainingsuchmatterasthereadingreadinessprogram,manuscriptwritinganddevelopmentalmathematics.

Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Theinformalteaandmanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyear,aswellasnewwaysofreportingpupils’progress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschoolandhome.

Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmeticprocessesnightafternight.Inafriendlyinterview,theteachercanhelptheparentsublimatehisnaturalpaternalinterestintoproductivechannels.HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatripandengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.

Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice,itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematics,andatthesametime,enjoyingthework.

Toooften,however,teachers’conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtopettyaccountsofchildren’smisdemeanors,complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionforpenaltiesandrewardsathome.

Whatisneededismorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideasinparents’mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatthechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.Inthisway,theschoolandthehomejoinforcesinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters’capacities.

1.Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovepassageisthat（）.

2.Itcanreasonablybeinferredthattheauthor（）.

3.Wemayinferthatthewriterofthisarticledoesnotfavor（）.

問題1選項

A.hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomanyhourswithhisparents

B.teacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheobjectivesoftheschool

C.therearemanywaysinwhichthemathematicsprogramcanbeimplementedathome

D.parentsunwittinglyhavehinderedandthwartedcurricularobjectives

問題2選項

A.issatisfiedwithpresentrelationshipsbetweenhomeandschool

B.feelsthatthetraditionalprograminmathematicsisslightlysuperiortothedevelopmentalprogram

C.feelsthatparent-teacherinterviewscanbemademuchmoreconstructivethantheyareatpresent

D.isoftheopinionthatteachersofthisgenerationareinferiortothoseofthelastgeneration

問題3選項

A.afather’shelpinghissonwiththelatter’sstudies

B.writtencommunicationstotheparentfromtheteacher

C.havingtheparentsobservelessonswhichthechildrenarebeingtaught

D.principal-parentconferencesratherthanteacher-parentconferences

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，第一段提出父母對孩子的影響是不容忽視的，接下來的內(nèi)容主要是討論如何幫助家長理解并且推進學校目標的關鍵——教師。所以選項B更能概括全文。

2.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，作為一名專業(yè)顧問，教師最需要的是一種創(chuàng)造性的方法和家長溝通，以便他們知道如何有效的利用孩子們的課外時間。由此可知，作者認為教師和家長之間的溝通可以更進一步，更具有建設性意義。選項C符合原文。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，老師在得到管理員允許的情況下也可以起到啟發(fā)家長的重要作用，非正式的茶會和許多訪談，以及報告學生進步的新方法，都可以顯著地幫助實現(xiàn)學校和家庭之間的和諧互動。由此可知，作者支持的是老師來進行面談會而不是校長，所以選項D符合原文。

11.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（）,awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問題1選項

A.circulation

B.reproduction

C.manipulation

D.penetration

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。circulation發(fā)行量；reproduction繁殖，再生產(chǎn)；manipulation操縱，處理；penetration滲透，突破。由空格后的內(nèi)容可知，美國報紙的新技術(shù)變革帶來了好影響，那么對于報紙本身來說，最好影響就是發(fā)行量的增加。故A項正確。句意：美國報業(yè)的新技術(shù)革命讓報紙發(fā)行量增加，帶來了更多出版物，并且增加了報紙的就業(yè)機會。

12.寫作題

Describechildrensurfingthenetbrieflyandgiveyourcomments.

【答案】Nowadays,theInternetisoneofthemostpowerfultoolsthroughouttheworld.TheInternetisacollectionofvariousservicesandresourcesforpeople.AlmostallhouseholdshaveaccesstotheInternet；however,beforepeopleconnectingtheInternet,theyneedtobeawareofitsdisadvantagesandadvantages.Childrenofnetusershavebecomeabigconcern.MostparentsdonotrealizethedangersinvolvedwhentheirchildrenlogontotheInternet.Whenchildrenareonline,theycaneasilybeluredintosomethingdangerous.Whenchildrentalktoothersonline,theydonotrealizetheycouldactuallybetalkingtoaharmfulperson.Asaresult,therehavebeenmanycaseswherechildrenhavebeenconvincedtomeetpeopletheyhavetalkedwithonline.Inaddition,childrenmayalsoreceivepornographyonlinebymistake;therefore,causingconcernamongparentseverywhere.WhethersurfingtheWeb,readingnewsgroups,orusingemail,childrencanbeexposedtoextremelyinappropriatematerial.Pornographicsitestendtomakesuretheyarethefirstsitestobelistedinanysearcharea；thus,childrencomeacrosssuchsiteseasily.

Wecouldcontroltheissuefromthefollowingthreeaspects.Firstandforemost,parentsareresponsiblefortheirownchildrenontheInternetbecausethereareavailableservicestoprotectchildren.Further,tokeepchildrensafe,parentsandteachersmustbeawareofthedangers.Theymustactivelyguideandguardtheirchildrenonlineandshouldtalktochildrenaboutwhatisonlineandwhatmighthappenonline.Inaddition,thecompaniesshoulddevelopanumberoftoolsavailabletodaythatmayhelpkeeptheInternetenvironmentsaferforchildren.Inotherwords,childrenwanttoexplorethings；however,therearepeopleontheInternetthatarejusttoopersuasive.

13.單選題

Thereissupposedtobeasafety______whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

問題1選項

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項appliance“器具，器械”，B項accessory“配件，附件”，C項machine“機械，機器”，D項mechanism“機制，原理”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應該填入一個名詞作which定語從句的先行詞，在從句中充當主語，根據(jù)從句的內(nèi)容“使火車不可能相撞”可推斷，空格處填入mechanism“機制”符合語境。句意：應該有一種安全機制使火車不可能相撞。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

14.單選題

Theprotectivecoveringoflobsters,nobodycoulddoubt,isanadaptationevolvedbyDarwinianselection.

問題1選項

A.adjustment

B.application

C.argument

D.assembly

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項adjustment“調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)節(jié)器”；B選項application“應用；申請；應用程序；敷用；（對事物、學習等）投入”；C選項argument“論證；論據(jù)；爭吵；內(nèi)容提要；自變數(shù)；主詞，受詞”；D選項assembly“裝配；集會，集合；匯編，編譯”。句意：毫無疑問，龍蝦身上的保護層是由達爾文選擇進化而來的一種適應。結(jié)合此處關鍵詞adaptation“適應”，得知A為正確答案。

15.單選題

Shespokeso______attheconference,asthoughthesaidissuewasoflittleimportance.

問題1選項

A.seriously

B.casually

C.stubbornly

D.comically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞解析。A選項seriously“認真地；嚴重地，嚴肅地”；B選項casually“隨便地；偶然地；臨時地”；C選項stubbornly“倔強地；頑固地；頑強地；固執(zhí)地”；D選項comically“滑稽地；詼諧地”。句意：她在會議上講話那么隨便，好像那個問題不重要似的。因此B選項正確。

16.單選題

Hefailedto（

）himselftothenewenvironment.

問題1選項

A.adopt

B.adapt

C.attach

D.abduct

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。adopt“采用，收養(yǎng)”；adapt“適應”；attach“使聯(lián)系，使依附”；abduct“綁架，誘拐”。句意：他不能適應新環(huán)境。B項符合題意。

17.單選題

Hewas_______totellthetrutheventohisclosestfriend.

問題1選項

A.toomuchofacoward

B.toomuchthecoward

C.acowardenough

D.enoughofacoward

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。綜合選項可知，本題考查“too…to…太……以致不能”，toomuchthecoward“懦夫太多”不符合句意，因此A選項符合題意。

18.單選題

Thefamouspicture________inItalyisnowexhibitedinamuseuminParis.

問題1選項

A.thatshoot

B.itwasshot

C.asisshot

D.whichwasshot

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：這張著名的照片（）于意大利，現(xiàn)展覽在巴黎的一家博物館。四個選項都有shoot即“拍攝”的意思。因為照片只能被拍攝，所以要用被動語態(tài)，A選項排除。一個句子，沒有從句連接詞或者連詞的話只能出現(xiàn)一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，所以B不選；as可以引導狀語從句充當從句主語，但是表因為，或者類比，C選項邏輯不通，所以答案選D。

19.單選題

Insciencethemeaningoftheword"explain"sufferswithcivilization'severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetism,andgravitation;theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodernscientistthantoThaleswhofirstspeculatedon

theelectrificationofamber.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces"really"are.Electricity,BertrandRussellsays,"isnotathing,likeSt.Paul'sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrified,wehavetoldallthereistotell."Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.Aristotle,forexample,whosenaturalsciencedominatedwesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprinciplethateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat'swheretheybelong,andsmokegoesupbecausethat'swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.ModernsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.

1.BertrandRussell'snotionaboutelectricityis（）.

2.Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeideathat（）.

3.Theexpression"speculatedon"(Line4)means（）.

問題1選項

A.disapprovedofbymostmodernscientists

B.inagreementwithAristotle'stheoryofself-evidentprinciples

C.inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward"how"thingshappen

D.inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward"why"thingshappen

問題2選項

A.thereareself-evidentprinciples

B.therearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse

C.mancannotdiscoverwhatforces"really"are

D.wecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo

問題3選項

A.considered

B.suspected

C.expected

D.engagedinbuyingandselling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)推理題。題干：伯特蘭?羅素關于電的見解_____。文章引用了羅素的見解之后有一句“Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea”，此句是notuntil句型的變形，提取了disapproved中的否定部分后，可理解為“直到現(xiàn)在科學家們才贊成這個說法”，可知羅素的見解與當代科學家們是符合的。文章最后一句提到“Galileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginated…formsthebasisofscientificinvestigation”，說明當代科學是研究“howthingshappen”。因此C選項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)題。題干：這篇文章說，直到最近科學家們才同意這種觀點______。題干部分的理解與上題選項一致?？茖W家們同意的是羅素的觀點，而作者引用羅素是為了說明“Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces"really"are”，因此C選項符合題意。

3.詞義題。定位句說到，科學不能真正解釋電、磁、重力，它們的效果能被測量和預測。對于它們的本性，現(xiàn)代科學家并不比希臘哲學家泰利斯知道得更多。所以對于琥珀帶電這件事，泰勒斯應該停留在思考階段，還不能說是懷疑。因此A選型符合題意。

20.單選題

Whichsporthasthemostexpenses_______trainingequipment,players'personalequipmentanduniforms?

問題1選項

A.inplaceof

B.bywayof

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】inplaceof代替;bywayof經(jīng)由;intermsof依據(jù),按照,在……方面;bymeansof通過,依靠。句意：哪項運動在訓練器材、運動員個人裝備和隊服等方面的開銷最大?選項C符合句意。

21.單選題

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalsointime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionoflight.Asweallknow,lightishot;mysourceoflight-fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomes.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingtheformoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.

1.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsusedtoperformsurgicaloperationswere（

）.

2.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat

（

）.

3.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause

（

）.

4.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（

）.

問題1選項

A.fashionable

B.extraordinary

C.special

D.basic

問題2選項

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

D.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

問題3選項

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylight

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

問題4選項

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye

B.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

C.memademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章開頭‘Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.’20世紀60年代之前，外科手術(shù)使用過的工具有：石頭，鋒利的骨頭和角，金屬刀，橡膠和塑料。確定這些工具都是很基本的，D選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段中所舉的眼科手術(shù)的例子可知，使用激光做手術(shù)，可以讓患者感覺輕松和舒服，不需要很長時間就能恢復，徹底改變了外科手術(shù)的方法，C選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentratedThismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.然而，激光束中的光是集中的，這意味著不需要比普通電燈泡產(chǎn)生更多的能量就能點燃，當它集中在一個針尖大小的光束上時，就會變得非常強烈?！笨芍す夤馐鴱娛且驗樗墓馐鴽]有分散，而是集中成針尖大小的光束，所以A選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)“Noknives,nounwanteddamage—truesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.沒有刀，沒有不必要的傷害——真正的外科奇跡。手術(shù)曾經(jīng)讓病人精疲力竭，需要很長時間的恢復，現(xiàn)在讓他們感到放松和舒適?！笨芍?，使用激光做外科手術(shù)，可以讓病人遭受極少的痛苦，B選項正確。

22.單選題

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyths.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels,andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldisciplineis"intelligent".Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappyifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent,yourareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.DNervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent"peopledonothaveN.B.D'sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepressionbecausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus

EveryonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthassimilardifficultiesDisagreements,conflictandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeing.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscolla