考研考博-英語-山西戲劇職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西戲劇職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheEuropeanUnionrevealedonJanuary23thhowitplanstosavetheworld.Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.

Theaimistocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsby2020byatleastafifth,andmorethandoubleto20%theamountofenergyproducedfromrenewablesourcessuchaswindorwavepower.Iffuelfromplantsprovesgreenenough,10%ofthefuelusedintransportmustcomefrombiofuelsbythesamedate.Thenewplanturnsthesegoalsintonationaltargets.Thiswillsurelystartmuchgrumblingandmonthsofhorse-trading,astheEuropeanCommission’srecommendationsareturnedintobindinglawbynationalgovernmentsandtheEuropeanParliament.

Countrieswithgreeneryintheirveinsarebeingaskedtotakemoreoftheburdenthannewermembers.Sweden,forexample,isbeinginvitedtomeet49%ofitsenergyfromrenewables.Attheotherend,Maltagetsarenewablestargetofjust10%.Itisasimilarstorywhenitcomestocuttinggreenhousegases:by2020,Denmarkmustcutemissionsby20%from2005levels;BulgariaandRomania,thenewestmembers,maylettheiremissionsriseby20%.

EUleadershiponclimatechangewillnotcomecheap.Thedirectcostsalonemaybee60billion($87billion),orabout0.5%oftotalEUGDP,by2020,saidthecommission’spresident,JoseManuelBarroso.Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.“Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope”,insistedMr.Barroso.

ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.

1.Toitsmembernations,theEU’splanmeans______.

2.Byusingsomedatainparagraph3,theauthor______.

3.AccordingtoMr.Barroso,heavyindustryintheEUcountrieswill______.

4.AccordingtotheEU’sETS,bigpolluters______.

問題1選項

A.afiercecompetition

B.anidealgoal

C.agoodopportunity

D.adifficulttask

問題2選項

A.givesanobjectivedescriptionofthetaskassignmentamongEUcountries

B.showsdisapprovalofallowingsomenationstoraisetheirCO2emissions

C.revealshispuzzlementaboutwhysomenationsaretodolessthanothers

D.presentshisadmirationforthosewhotakegreaterpainstosavetheworld

問題3選項

A.stopbeingthebiggestpolluter

B.beshortofskilledworkforce

C.continueoperating

D.reactwithinaction

問題4選項

A.shallbegivennopermitsuntil2011

B.havetopayfortheirexistence

C.willbeallowedafixedamountofemissions

D.canbenefitiftheychoosetobeinsidetheEU

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“對其成員國來說，歐盟的計劃意味著……”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.（一項龐大的氣候變化計劃詳細說明了如果歐盟想要實現(xiàn)各國領導人在上一場比賽中設定的雄心勃勃的目標，其27個成員國將會承受多大的痛苦）和最后一段第一句ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).（達到這些似乎不可能的任務的竅門是歐盟的排放交易計劃）可推知，對歐盟的成員國來說，這一項計劃是很艱巨的任務，D項“一項艱巨的任務”符合題意；A項“一個激烈的競爭”、B項“一個理想的目標”和C項“一個很好的機會”都與文章不符，文章主要講述的是歐盟制定的拯救世界的計劃會需要其成員國更多的責任和代價，是一個不可能實現(xiàn)的計劃。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“通過使用第三段中的一些數(shù)據(jù)，作者……”。第三段主要圍繞綠色能源比重大的國家比其他國家被要求承擔更多的責任而進行分析和具體說明，作者在這里只是一個客觀的陳述，并未透露自己的情緒觀點，A項“客觀描述了歐盟國家之間的任務分配”符合題意；B項“表示不贊成一些國家提高二氧化碳排放量”、C項“揭示了他對為什么有些國家比其他國家做得少的困惑”和D項“對那些為拯救世界付出更大努力的人表示欽佩”概括不正確。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“據(jù)巴羅佐先生說，歐盟國家的重工業(yè)將會……”。根據(jù)第四段巴羅佐先生說的話Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope.（領導世界對抗氣候變化不需要以就業(yè)為代價，即使是在污染最嚴重的重工業(yè)，我們想留住歐洲的工業(yè)產業(yè)）可知，歐盟國家的重工業(yè)將會繼續(xù)，C項“繼續(xù)運營”正確；由此也可知A項“停止做最大的污染者”錯誤；B項“缺少熟練勞動力”沒有提到；由Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.（但與不作為的代價相比，這仍然是一筆便宜的交易，巴羅佐認為不作為的代價是它的十倍）可知，不作為的代價很高，所以歐盟國家的重工業(yè)不會不作為，D項“不作為”錯誤。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)歐盟排放交易體系，大污染企業(yè)……”。根據(jù)最后一段對歐盟排放交易體系的描述：ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.（這就迫使電力公司等大型污染者或者制造巨頭交易許可證，以允許他們在穩(wěn)步收緊總體限制范圍內排放二氧化碳和其他造成氣候變化的排放物。委員會暗示，如果像美國這樣的國家到2011年不簽署約束性國際協(xié)議，那么最大的溫室氣體排放國在歐盟可能會免費得到準許?；蛘撸瘑T會威脅到，歐盟以外的公司可能會被迫購買ETS許可。），由此可以推理，大型污染企業(yè)如果選擇加入歐盟就能夠獲益，而不至于被迫購買ETS許可，故D項“如果他們選擇留在歐盟，他們可以從中受益”正確；A項“在2011年之前都不會得到許可”表述不完全；B項“必須為他們的生存付出代價”概括不準確；C項“將被允許一個固定的排放量”這是在加入歐盟的前提下才能實現(xiàn)。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.單選題

Hisparentsgavehimmanyexpensivetoysassomeformof（

）forhislamenessandinabilitytoplayactivegames.

問題1選項

A.remedy

B.compensation

C.treatment

D.comfort

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項remedy“補救”；B選項compensation“補償，報酬”；C選項treatment“治療，處理”；D選項comfort“安慰，舒適”。句意：他的父母給了他許多昂貴的玩具，作為他跛腳而不能玩活動類游戲的某種補償。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

Beingoutofwork,Lanecannolonger（）friendstodinnersandmoviesassheusedto.

問題1選項

A.urge

B.treat

C.appeal

D.compel

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。urge“催促”；treat“對待，款待，請客”；appeal“呼吁，懇求，上訴”compel“強迫，迫使”。句意：因為現(xiàn)在沒有工作，Lane不能再像以前那樣請她的朋友們吃晚餐，看電影了。B項符合題意。

4.單選題

ThistouchesonafundamentalchallengefacingEurope:howtoavoidhavingtheeconomiccrisisdegenerateintoasecuritycrisis.

問題1選項

A.degrade

B.prosper

C.hinder

D.dictate

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項degrade“降低；削弱，使變壞”；B選項prosper“繁榮，昌盛；成功”；C選項hinder“（~from）成為阻礙”；D選項dictate“口述；聽寫”。句意：這觸及了歐洲面臨的一個根本挑戰(zhàn)：如何避免經濟危機____為安全危機。根據(jù)句意，從經濟危機到安全危機，情況變得更糟糕了，劃線詞表達的是朝著不好的方向變化，只有A選項符合語境，原文degenerate“惡化”，因此，本題最佳選項為A。

5.單選題

Excuseme.Ifyourcallisnottoourgent,doyoumind（）minefirst?

問題1選項

A.Imake

B.ifImake

C.metomake

D.thatImake

【答案】B

【解析】句意:打擾一下！如果你的電話不是很急的話，是否介意我先打個電話？

語法題?？疾閙ind的用法。Mind表示“介意”時，用法有兩種:mindone'sdoingsth.(介意某人做某事)；Do(Would)youmindif...(你是否介意…)。因此B項正確。

6.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen's.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatterorfrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses-thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibresthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis"What?'*,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforwordhanding,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetter

connections.

Butitisn'tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat"languagesubjects"andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedbyfactors（

）.

3."Thesedifferences"inparagraph5refertothosein（

）.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon（

）.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects□

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。A:心理學家已經放棄，而生物學家正在展開研究工作。第一段指出:Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke(心理學家把這個問題看成是挫折或笑話),原文表達的意思跟A項不一樣。B:大腦區(qū)別顯示出一個性別優(yōu)于另外一個性別。第一段說:'Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse(他們指出盡管有區(qū)別，但并不能說明誰優(yōu)誰劣),與B項不一致。D:兩性大腦結構的區(qū)別早已為人所知。第三段:Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen...(這是第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)男性和女性大腦的結構差異…),因此D項排除。所以本題選C。

2.細節(jié)題。第三段指出:Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences(我們傾向于認為正是社會的影響造成了這些差異),故選D。

3.細節(jié)題。第五段說:Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis(但在此基礎上，要解釋男女技能的實際差異并不是那么容易)。由此可見,“這些區(qū)別”指的是兩性技能。

4.推斷題。最后一段：Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon'tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum(我們暫時還不知道，部分原因是我們不知道學校受試者的能力和大腦兩半的功能之間有什么精確的關系，我們也不知道兩半是如何通過胼胝體相互作用的。)。后面:weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.間接地提出對于corpuscallos的影響應多作研究工作。

5.主旨大意題。A項(概述關于大腦結構的研究結果)比較能概括文章目的。

7.單選題

TheBenefitsofNewUrbanism

(1)Newurbanismisthemostimportantplanningmovementinthiscentury,andisaboutcreatingabetterfutureforusall.Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.Newurbanismistherevivalofourlostartofplace-making,andisessentiallyare-orderingofthebuiltenvironmentintotheformofcompletecities,towns,villages,andneighborhoods—thewaycommunitieshavebeenbuiltforcenturiesaroundtheworld.Newurbanisminvolvesfixingandinfillingcities,aswellasthecreationofcompactnewtownsandvillages.Thebenefitsofnewurbanismareasfollows:

BenefitstoResidents

(2)Higherqualityoflife;betterplacesinwhichtolive,work,andplay;morestablepropertyvalues;lesstrafficcongestionandlessdriving;healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress;closeproximitytomainstreetretailandservices;closeproximitytobiketrail,parks,andnature;pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown,resultinginmeaningfulrelationshipswithmorepeople,andfriendliertown;morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem;greatsavingstoresidentsandschoolboardsinreducedbusingcostsfromchildrenbeingabletowalkorbicycletoneighborhoodschools;morediversityandsmaller,uniqueshopsandserviceswithlocalownerswhoareinvolvedincommunity;bigsavingsbydrivingless,andowninglesscars;lessugly,congestedsprawltodealwithdaily;bettersenseofplaceandcommunityidentitywithmoreuniquearchitecture;moreopenspacetoenjoythatwillremainopenspace;moreefficientuseoftaxmoneywithlessspentonutilitiesandroadsusedforthesprawl.

BenefitstoBusinesses

(3)Increasedsalesduetomorefoottrafficandpeoplespendinglessoncarsandgas;moreprofitsduetospendinglessonadvertisingandlargesigns;betterlifestylebylivingnearworkunitssavesthestressfulandcostlycommute;economiesofscaleinmarketingduetocloseproximityandcooperationwithotherlocalbusinessincubation;lowerrentsduetosmallerspacesandsmallerparkinglots;healthierlifestyleduetomorewalkingandbeingnearhealthierrestaurants;morecommunityinvolvementfrombeingpartofcommunityandknowingresidents.

(4)BenefitstoDevelopers.Moreincomepotentialfromhigherdensitymixed-useprojectsduetomoreleasablesquarefootage,moresalespersquarefoot,andhigherpropertyvaluesandsellingprices;fasterapprovalsincommunitiesthathaveadoptedsmartgrowthprinciplesresultingincost/timesayings:costsavingsinparkingfacilitiesinmixed-usepropertiesduetosharingofspacesthroughoutthedayandnight,resultinginlessduplicationinprovidingparking;lessneedforparkingfacilitiesduetomixofresidencesandcommercialuseswithinwalkingdistanceofeachother;lessimpactonroads/traffic,whichcanresultinlowerimpactfees;lowercostofutilitiesduetocompactnatureofnewurbanistdesign;fasterselloutduetogreateracceptancebyconsumersfromawiderproductrangeresultinginwidermarketshare.

BenefitstoMunicipalities

(5)Stable,appreciatingtaxbase;lessspentpercapitaoninfrastructureandutilitiesthantypicalsuburbandevelopmentduetocompacthigh-densitynatureofprojects;increasedtaxbaseduetomorebuildingspackedintoatighterarea;lesstrafficcongestionduetowalkabilityofdesign;lesscrimeandlessmoneyspentonpoliceduetothepresenceofmorepeopledayandnight;betteroverallcommunityimageandsenseofplace;lessincentivetosprawlwhenurbancoreareaisdesirable;easytoinstalltransitwhereit’snot,andimproveitwhereitis;greatercivicinvolvementofpopulationleadingtobettergovernance.

(6)Themosteffectivewaytoimplementnewurbanismittoplanforit,andwriteitintozoninganddevelopmentcodes.Thisdirectsallfuturedevelopmentintothisform.

(7)Increasingly,regionalplanningtechniquesarebeingusedtocontrolandshapegrowthintocompact,high-density,mixed-useneighborhoods,villages,towns,andcities.Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD).Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.

(8)Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.Italsopreventscongestionproblemsandtheenvironmentaldegradationnormallyassociatedwithgrowth.

(9)Therearesomeobstaclesinimplementationofnewurbanism.Themostimportantobstacletoovercomeistherestrictiveandincorrectzoningcodescurrentlyinforceinmostmunicipalities.Currentcodesdonotallownewurbanismtobebuilt,butdoallowsprawl.

(10)AnequallyimportantobstacleisthecontinuousroadbuildingandexpansiontakingplaceineverycommunityacrossAmerica.Thisencouragesmoredrivingandmoresprawlwhichhasadominoeffectonincreasingtrafficcongestionacrosstheregion.Haltingroadprojectsandbuildingnewtrainsystemcanhelpreversethisproblematictrend.

1.Apedestrianstreetisastreet（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenewurbanismemphasizes（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanBESTsummarizethebenefitsofnewurbanismtoresidents?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Topreservetheenvironment,newurbanismlaysstresson（）.

問題1選項

A.suitableforbicycling

B.suitableforwalking

C.designedforpedals

D.designedforscooters

問題2選項

A.theexpansionofurbanareas

B.theartisticdecorationofnewly-builtbuildings

C.theimprovementofthebuiltenvironment

D.theenvironmentalpreservation

問題3選項

A.Compactnessincivicstructure,conveniencesandeconomiesinlife.

B.Betterrelationshipswithmorepeopleandafriendliertown.

C.Easyshoppingandmoreservicesthatreducebusingcosts.

D.Walkability,healthierlifestyleandmorefreedom.

問題4選項

A.Newurbanismlikestodesignmoreroadsinordertofacilitatethetraffic.

B.Newurbanismfavorsthetransportationwithnewrailwaysystems.

C.Newurbanistplannersopposetopedestrianfriendlydesign.

D.Newurbanistplannersdonotsupporttheinfilldevelopment.

問題5選項

A.thereductionoffactories

B.thesprawlofthecity

C.thelesseningoftrafficjams

D.thecompactgrowthoftheurbanarea

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵詞“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機會去認識鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人），說明pedestrianstreet是對行人友好的社區(qū)。因此B選項“適合行走”正確。A選項“適合騎自行車”，C選項“為腳踏車設計”和D選項“為小型摩托車設計”都不是指步行，所以A，C，D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.（它是一場改革建筑環(huán)境設計的國際運動，是通過創(chuàng)造更好的居住場所來提高我們的生活質量和生活水平。），說明新城市主義強調對居住環(huán)境的改善。因此C選項“改善建筑環(huán)境”正確。A選項“城市地區(qū)的擴張”，B選項“新建筑的藝術裝飾”和D選項“環(huán)境保護”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯誤。

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“residents”可以定位到文章第二段，healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress（更健康的生活方式，更多的步行和更少的壓力）說明新城市主義對居民健康生活方式的好處；pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機會去認識鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人）說明了新城市主義注重人的步行友好性；morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem（讓孩子、老人和窮人有更多的自由和獨立，他們有能力去工作、娛樂和服務，而不需要搭乘汽車或別人給他們開車）說明了新城市主義為居民帶來了更多的自由。因此D選項“適合步行，更健康的生活方式和更多的自由?！弊钅芨爬ㄐ鲁鞘兄髁x為居民帶來的好處。A選項“城市結構的緊湊，生活的便利和經濟”中城市結構的緊湊是對城市的好處，所以A錯誤。B選項“更好的人際關系和更友好的城市”，C選項“方便的購物和更多的服務，減少巴士費用”都只是對居民帶來好處的一部分，不能完整概括新城市主義為居民帶來的好處，所以B，C錯誤。

4.客觀細節(jié)題。由B選項關鍵詞“railwaysystems”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment.（規(guī)劃新的鐵路系統(tǒng)——而不是更多的道路——如果設計與區(qū)域土地規(guī)劃相協(xié)調，就會產生最好的效果。），說明新城市主義注重于新的鐵路系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃。因此B選項“新城市主義用新的鐵路系統(tǒng)促進交通。”正確。由A選項關鍵詞“moreroads”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresults（規(guī)劃新的鐵路系統(tǒng)——而不是修建更多的公路能帶來最好的結果），說明新城市主義不主張修建更多的公路。因此A選項“新城市主義喜歡設計更多的道路，以方便交通?！辈环显?。由C選項關鍵詞“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機會去認識鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人），說明新城市主義者注重行人友好性。因此C選項“新城市主義規(guī)劃師反對行人友好的設計?！辈环显?。由D選項關鍵詞“infilldevelopment”可以定位到第七段最后一句Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.（與此同時，城市地區(qū)的振興引導和鼓勵對城市中心的填充式開發(fā)。），說明新城市主義者是支持“infilldevelopment”的。因此D選項“新城市主義規(guī)劃師不支持填充開發(fā)?！辈环显摹?/p>

5.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵詞“environment”可以定位到第八段第一句Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.（緊湊發(fā)展的規(guī)劃，而不是讓它向外擴張，有可能極大地提高環(huán)境質量。），說明為了保護環(huán)境，新城市主義強調的是緊湊發(fā)展的規(guī)劃。因此D選項“城市區(qū)域的緊湊發(fā)展”正確。A選項“工廠的減少”，B選項“城市的擴張”和C選項“交通堵塞的減輕”都和保護環(huán)境無關，所以A，B，C錯誤。

8.翻譯題

1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)

Aswekneltonthecoldgroundandworkedthesoil,gentlyintroducingtheplantsandbulbstotheirnewhome,wealternatelychatteredandgiggledandrememberedquietly.Weplantedtheflowersinaheartshape,sketchedoutinthesnowbyMatsumarasan(松村女士).Itriedtoimaginewhatitmustfeelliketobeher.Tobekneelingonthegroundthatyouoncecalledhome,nowemptyandexposed.Whatitmustfeelliketolookatyourhometownandseemostofitdestroyed.Onlymemoriesremain.

【答案】我們跪在冰冷的土地上，翻動著土壤，邊將植物和球莖慢慢地放到它們的新家里，邊聊著，笑著，靜靜地回憶著。我們按著松村女士在雪里大概畫出的形狀，把花種成了心的形狀。我嘗試著去想象她會有什么感覺。想象著跪在那片曾經稱之為家園，而現(xiàn)在卻已荒蕪暴露的土地上；想象看著自己的家園大部分已經被被毀，是一種什么感覺。僅剩下回憶。

9.單選題

Yourblunttreatmentofdisputeswouldputotherpeopleinanegativeframeof（

）,withtheresultthattheywouldnotbeabletoacceptyourproposal.

問題1選項

A.mind

B.idea

C.intention

D.wish

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你對爭論的處理方式會讓其他人心情糟糕，結果就是他們不會接受你的提議。mind“理智；精神”；idea“想法”；intention“意圖，目的”；wish“希望，愿望”。

10.寫作題

Directions:Mr.Liu,45yearsold,isoneofyourfriendsandhaspassedthePhDentranceexaminationrecently,andyou’vejustgotthisnews.Writetohimaletterofcongratulation.

Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Startyourletterwith“DearMr.Liu”.DoNOTsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“ChenLing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

【答案】DearMr.Liu,

IamwritingtooffermysincerecongratulationsonyourpassingthePhDentranceexamination.Iknowyouhavestudiedveryhardthistime,soIamreallygladtoseeyourhardworkpaidoff.Iamsureyourfamilyandfriendsmustbeveryproudofyou.Youshowedmethatageisnotabarriertoadvancement.PassingthePhDentranceexaminationisafreshstartforyou,whichwillbringyouagoodopportunitytolearnfromthetopprofessors.Besides,itisgoodforyoutostudywithsomanyexcellentstudentswhoofcoursewillgiveyouthemotivationtostudyhard.Iwishyougreatersuccessinuniversityandafruitfullifeinthefuture.

Sincerelyyours,

ChenLing

11.單選題

NegotiatorsfromaroundtheglobeonSundaymorningreachedaclimatechangeagreementthatwouldcommiteverynationtoreducingitsrateofgreenhousegasemissions—yetwouldstill（）whatisneededtostaveoffthedangerousandcostlyearlyimpactsofglobalwarming.

問題1選項

A.fallfarshortwith

B.fallfarshortof

C.fallnothingshortwith

D.fallnothingshortof

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。fallfarshortof“遠遠不足”；fallnothingshortof“無異于……”，沒有fallfarshortwith和fallnothingshortwith兩種搭配，選項A和C可排除。句意：周日早上，來自全球的談判代表關于氣候變化達成了一項協(xié)議，該協(xié)議承諾每個國家要減少溫室氣體的排放量。然而，對于延緩全球變暖所導致的危險和高昂的代價來說，是遠遠不夠的。選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Heattendstothe（

）ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。transaction“交易，業(yè)務”；transition“過渡，轉變”；transmission“傳送，播送”；transformation“轉換”。句意：他親自參與重要的商務會議。選項A符合題意。

13.寫作題

YouaresupposedtowritealettertoaprofessorinauniversityintheUnitedStatesorUK,requestingforthepossibilityofacooperativeprogramforPh.D.there.

1.Thelettershouldbeginwith“DearProfessorXXX”

2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“MaQing”instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearProfessorPeterDay,

IamMaQingfromNanjingUniversityinJiangsuProvince,thePeople’sRepublicofChina.IhavebecomeaPh.D.candidateofouruniversity.Myresearchinterestiscomparativeculture.WhatIamreallyinterestedinisthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenAmericancultureandChineseculture.IamproudtosaythatIhavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.MyresearchpapersoftenappearinsomeinfluentialcorejournalsinChina.Buttotellthetruth,myknowledgeoftheUnitedStatesisfarlessthanmyknowledgeofChina.Sothatisnotconducivetowritingmydissertationrelatedtocomparativeculture.Undersuchcircumstances,Ishouldliketopursueaco-operativeprogramforPh.D.inyouruniversity.IfIhavefinishedlearningsomecoursesinChinathisyear,Iwilltakesomeothercoursesinyouruniversitynextyear.IespeciallywishtomakegreaterprogressinmyacademicresearchunderyourtutelagebecauseIknowyouareafamousscholarintheEastWestCenter,theUniversityofHawaii.

Ifyoucouldacceptmyrequest,Iwouldappreciateitverymuch.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Yoursrespectfully

MaQing

14.單選題

WeareundertakingasurveytoevaluatetheextenttowhichtheeducationalsystemthatexistsinChinatodayanswerstheneedsofsociety.

問題1選項

A.areundertaking

B.theextenttowhich

C.answers

D.ofsociety

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

15.單選題

TheheadquartersofthisoilcompanyisinLondonwhileits（）companiesarelocatedindifferentpartsoftheworld.

問題1選項

A.subsidiary

B.ultimate

C.inferior

D.precedented

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項subsidiary“附屬的；輔助的”；B選項ultimate“最終的；極限的；根本的”；C選項inferior“差的；自卑的；下等的”；D選項precedented“有先例的”。句意：這家石油公司的總部在倫敦，而它的附屬公司卻位于世界的不同地方。結合此處語境，A選項正確。

16.單選題

Thecourtheldtheparentsaccountablefortheminorchild’sactsofviolence.

問題1選項

A.responsiblefor

B.indifferentto

C.desperatefor

D.involved