考研考博-英語-北京工商大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京工商大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thismonumentimagewasdesignedto（stirup）emotionsofaweandrespect,butcouldscarcelyevokefeelingsofwarmthandaffection.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tangle

B.teem

C.stipulate

D.agitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。stirup表示“激起，煽動(dòng)”；A項(xiàng)tangle“（使）纏結(jié)在一起，（使）亂成一團(tuán)”，B項(xiàng)teem“大量出現(xiàn)，充滿”，C項(xiàng)stipulate“規(guī)定，保證”，D項(xiàng)agitate“搖動(dòng)，騷動(dòng)”。句意：這個(gè)紀(jì)念碑形象的設(shè)計(jì)是為了激起敬畏和尊敬的情緒，但幾乎不能喚起溫暖和喜愛的感情。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

A（）planneedstobeconsideredandacceptedsoastolowerthepricesinthesecities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliberate

B.disincentive

C.functional

D.fantastic

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。deliberate深思熟慮的，預(yù)有準(zhǔn)備的；disincentive妨礙活動(dòng)的；functional功能的；fantastic幻想的，奇異的?？崭癫糠謶?yīng)與consideredandaccepted邏輯上對(duì)應(yīng)。deliberate符合句意和邏輯。

3.單選題

Itwas（）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addicted

B.alleged

C.assaulted

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。addict“上癮的”；allege“宣稱，斷言”；assault“攻擊，襲擊”；ascribe“歸因于，歸咎于”。句意：據(jù)稱，這家飯店歧視黑人顧客。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

AlargenumberofpeoplefrommyhometownhadmovedtoQingdaoinsearchofwork,withtheresultthatIalreadyfeelquiteathomethere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadmovedto

B.insearchofwork

C.withtheresultthat

D.quiteathome

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。hadmovedto改為havemovedto?！癐alreadyfeel我已經(jīng)感覺”是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，因此，前一個(gè)表示原因的分句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。

5.單選題

Theoldcouplenowstill（

）fortheirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cherish

B.groan

C.immerse

D.mourn

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cherish“珍惜”；B選項(xiàng)groan“呻吟，抱怨”；C選項(xiàng)immerse“使陷入”；D選項(xiàng)mourn“哀悼”。這對(duì)老夫婦在他們最愛的兒子死了三十年后依然（）。這里根據(jù)句意可以把A、C選項(xiàng)排除；Groan一般和at/with搭配，所以不選B；答案選D，固定搭配mournfor“悼念，追悼”。

6.單選題

Thepolicewerealertedthattheescapedcriminalmightbeinthe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vain

B.vicinity

C.court

D.jail

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)vain“徒勞的”，和介詞in搭配意為“徒勞無功的”，中間不接定冠詞the；B選項(xiàng)vicinity“鄰近，附近”；C選項(xiàng)court“法院，球場(chǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)jail“監(jiān)獄”。句意：警方被提醒逃犯可能就在附近。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Becauseoftheseveredrought,thegovernmenthasurgedpeopletobe（

）withwater.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.cautions

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的；thrifty節(jié)約的，節(jié)省的；caution謹(jǐn)慎的，十分小心的；economical經(jīng)濟(jì)的，節(jié)約的。由句中“severedraught嚴(yán)重旱災(zāi)”可知政府號(hào)召人們節(jié)約用水，不要浪費(fèi)水。句意：由于那場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)，政府號(hào)召人們節(jié)約用水。故答案B

8.單選題

Theirrefusaltocompromiseisamajor（）thatstandsinthewayoffurtherpace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complication

B.danger

C.obstacle

D.hazard

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complication“并發(fā)癥，復(fù)雜”；B選項(xiàng)danger“危險(xiǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)obstacle“障礙”；D選項(xiàng)hazard“危險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。句意：他們拒絕妥協(xié)是阻礙進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的主要（）。這里原句表達(dá)的意思是“阻礙進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的障礙”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

TheexpresstrainfromLondon（

）ontime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pulledup

B.pulledover

C.pulledin

D.pulledthrough

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。pullup意為“拔起，阻止”；pullover意為“靠邊停車”；pullin意為“吸引，進(jìn)站”；pullthrough意為“恢復(fù)健康，度過難關(guān)”。

句意：從倫敦開出的快車準(zhǔn)時(shí)進(jìn)站。

10.單選題

Therealityisthatonlybypreventingman-madedebrisfromgettingintotheoceaninthefirstplace（）ameasureablereduction（）accomplished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.X…X

B.will…be

C.that…willbe

D.will…X

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題目，is后是由that引導(dǎo)的表語從句，從句是由only引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)倒裝句，所以用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，將助動(dòng)詞will提前。句意：事實(shí)就是，只有首先阻止人造垃圾排入海洋，將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)一種可量化的減少。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.填空題

Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstand

environments,harmfultoourselves.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Ahumans改為thatofhumans

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】代詞指代。

【解題思路】根據(jù)語境，A部分指的是機(jī)器智能和人工智能相當(dāng)，theintelligenceofrobots和A部分意思對(duì)應(yīng)，結(jié)構(gòu)也應(yīng)對(duì)應(yīng)，用that指代theintelligence，因此A部分應(yīng)為thatofhumans。

【句意】隨著機(jī)器人的智能達(dá)到與人類相當(dāng)?shù)乃?，以及它們的成本通過規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)降低，我們可以利用它們來拓展我們的疆域，首先是在地球上，借用它們抵御對(duì)我們有害的環(huán)境的能力。

12.單選題

ProfessorLee’sbookwillshowyou（）canbeusedinothercontexts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatyouhaveobserved

B.howthatyouhaveobserved

C.thathowyouhaveobserved

D.howwhatyouhaveobserved

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。這是賓語從句中帶有主語從句的復(fù)雜句子。that不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A和B。how不能做that的先行詞，所以選項(xiàng)C也錯(cuò)誤，本題選D。句意：李教授的書將會(huì)指導(dǎo)你如何將觀察所學(xué)的東西應(yīng)用到其他領(lǐng)域。

13.單選題

Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen（）,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instantaneously

B.simultaneously

C.spontaneously

D.unanimously

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。Instantaneously即刻，突如其來地；simultaneously同時(shí)地；spontaneously自發(fā)地；unanimously全體一致地。句意：雖然大多數(shù)夢(mèng)顯然是自發(fā)的，但夢(mèng)境可能是由外部影響引起的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.單選題

TheCIAchiefnotedlastmonth,“TherearealotofthingsthatIrandoesthattendsto（）terrorism,andtheystillaretheleadingstatesponsorofterrorismintheworld.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fasten

B.flatter

C.fascinate

D.facilitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)fasten表示“使固定，集中于”；B選項(xiàng)flatter表示“奉承，諂媚”；C選項(xiàng)fascinate表示“使著迷，使神魂顛倒”；D選項(xiàng)facilitate表示“促進(jìn)，幫助，使容易”。

由后文提到的“theystillaretheleadingstatesponsorofterrorismintheworld”可知，Iran仍然是世界上支持恐怖主義的主要國家，所以他們做了很多事幫助恐怖主義，為他們提供便利。因此，facilitate含義更符合句意，故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Thedetectivestorymightnotbe（）interestingtokeepthechildawake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enough

B.adequately

C.amply

D.sufficiently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：enough“（側(cè)重表示分量或數(shù)量的足夠）足夠地，充分地”；選項(xiàng)B:adequately意思是“（表示程度）足夠地，適當(dāng)?shù)亍?；選項(xiàng)C：amply意思是“（側(cè)重表示是數(shù)量）充足地”；選項(xiàng)D:sufficiently意思是“（側(cè)重表示是數(shù)量）充分地，足夠地”。根據(jù)句意本題需要選擇一個(gè)程度副詞來修飾interesting這個(gè)形容詞，而選項(xiàng)A、C、D均側(cè)重于數(shù)量和分量，因此選項(xiàng)B正確答案。句意：這本偵探小說或許沒有有趣到讓孩不子愿入睡。

16.單選題

TheAmericandreamismost（）duringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausible

B.patriotic

C.primitive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plausible“看似可信的，花言巧語的”；B選項(xiàng)patriotic“愛國的”；C選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的，粗糙的”；D選項(xiàng)partial“偏愛的，不公平的”，這里要考慮句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系，美國資本主義帶來發(fā)達(dá)的生產(chǎn)力，創(chuàng)造了巨大的財(cái)富，因此一時(shí)之間美國夢(mèng)看起來似乎是能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，其它三項(xiàng)均不能使句子句意通順。句意：在美國資本主義帶來高度的生產(chǎn)力和巨大的財(cái)富期間，美國夢(mèng)似乎是最能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement:thatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievements,suchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（

）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（

）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段第三句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人們可能沒辦法生存：既不知道何為歡喜和快樂，也不知道何為焦慮和恐懼，他們可能重復(fù)做出傷害性的行為，就像重復(fù)有益的行為一樣。”由此可知如果人們生存在一個(gè)沒有情感的世界里，因?yàn)閷?duì)于自身行為的性質(zhì)沒辦法區(qū)別，所以會(huì)導(dǎo)致自己很難生存。故正確答案選B。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段第四句“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他們不會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)：他們不能從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中受益，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)無情感的世界缺乏獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰”，由此可知，沒有情感的世界，對(duì)于人們的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)不存在激勵(lì)，沒有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰的機(jī)制。反之，人們能夠進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)主要也是因?yàn)楠?jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰機(jī)制的存在。故正確答案選C。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段結(jié)尾“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork…Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀，既然掙100萬美元不會(huì)比掙10美元更讓人愉快，工作就會(huì)失去動(dòng)力……正如我們看到的，激勵(lì)意味著享受它們的能力。”根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞foundation可以對(duì)應(yīng)定位到上文“underpinnings基礎(chǔ)，支柱”，由此可知社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)是建立在人們享受激勵(lì)的能力上的。故正確答案選C。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第一句提到了“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.在這樣一個(gè)世界里，人類生存下來的可能性幾乎為零，因?yàn)榍楦惺俏覀兩婧瓦m應(yīng)的基本工具。情緒以重要的方式為我們構(gòu)建世界?！比缓缶团e例具體闡述了情緒是如何具體影響我們的生存和適應(yīng)身邊事物的。其中第六句“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement…從我們對(duì)事物和事件的情感體驗(yàn)中，產(chǎn)生一種社會(huì)共識(shí)”，這也就解釋了本段第一句中所強(qiáng)調(diào)的情感對(duì)于生存和發(fā)展的重要性，所以正確答案選B。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段“Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.誠然，我們會(huì)考慮物體的長度、形狀、大小或質(zhì)地，但是，比起它對(duì)我們所做的，能做的事情，給我們帶來的傷害，驚訝，憤怒或者歡樂，事物的物質(zhì)方面沒有那么重要?！北揪湓捥岬绞挛锏那楦蟹矫姹任镔|(zhì)方面重要的具體表現(xiàn)。結(jié)合上下文，我們使用情感來分類事物，也就是通過情感，我們適應(yīng)周圍的世界。由此推斷，選項(xiàng)D為符合題意的最佳答案。

18.單選題

Britainhasthehighest（

）ofroadtrafficintheworld—over60carsforeverymileofroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.popularity

B.prosperity

C.intensity

D.density

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。popularity普遍，流行；prosperity興旺，繁榮；intensity強(qiáng)烈，劇烈；density密集，稠密，密度。根據(jù)后面一句over60carsforeverymileofroad(每英里有60多輛汽車),推測(cè)D項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Ronny’sstepsdiedaway,andtherewasamomentof（

）silence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundant

B.ample

C.absolute

D.adequate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。abundant“豐富的，充裕的”；ample“豐富的，足夠的”；absolute“絕對(duì)的，完全的；專制的”；adequate“充足的”。句意：羅尼的腳步聲漸漸消失了，只剩下徹底的寂靜?？崭裉幍男稳菰~是用來形容silence的程度，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

20.單選題

Chinesejournalfinds31%ofsubmissionsplagiarized

SinceOctober2008,wehavedetectedunoriginalmaterialinastaggering31%ofpaperssubmittedtotheJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science(692of2,233submissions).Thepublication,designatedasakeyacademicjournalbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina,wasthefirstinChinatosignupforCrossRef’splagiarism-screeningserviceCrossCheck(Nature466,167;2010).

Wearethereforecampaigningforauthors,researchersandeditorstobeonthealertforplagiarismandtoworkagainstculturalmisunderstandings.InancientChina,forexample,studentsweretypicallyencouragedtocopythewordsoftheirmasters.

Tothisend,wehavegivenlecturesandwrittenthreepapers(includingY,H.ZhangLearn.Publ.23,9-14;2010)thathavebeenwidelypublicizedinChina’smedia(see/dPey7X;inChinese)andreportedinCrossRef’squarterlyonlinenewsmagazine(see/icUwvh).OurwebsitedisplaystheCrossChecklogotoremindauthorsoftheirresponsibilities.

OtherChinesejournalsarealsopolicingplagiarism,usingsoftwarelaunchedin2008byChina’sAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouseandTongfangKnowledgeNetworkTechnologyinBeijing.

YuehongZhangJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science,38ZhedaRoad,Hangzhou310027,Chinae-mail:jzus@32.WhatisthemainpurposeofthiscorrespondencefromZhang?

33.WhichofthefollowingstrategyisnotutilizedbyJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science?

34.AuthorsofJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Sciencecangettobewareoftheirresponsibilitiesthrough______.

35.Itcanbefoundthatlocalsoftwarewaslaunchedin2008byChinesecompanies,butCrossCheckwasdevelopedby______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.SurprisinglyhighrateofplagiarisminChinesesubmissions.

B.EffortsofZhangandherjournalinfightingagainstplagiarism.

C.UseofCrossCheck.

D.UseofsoftwaredevelopedbytwoChinesecompanies.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.SigninguptheserviceofCrossCheckinscreeningplagiarism.

B.Alertingauthorsagainstculturalmisunderstanding.

C.Givinglecturesandwritingpapers.

D.Encouragingstudentstocopythewordsoftheirmasters.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theCrossChecklogoonthejournal’swebsite

B.theuseofChinesesoftwarelaunchedin2008

C.watchingthepedagogicvideoonthejournal’swebsite

D.nothingelseexceptforlecturesandpapers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.China’sAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouse

B.TongfangKnowledgeNetworkTechnology

C.JournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science

D.CrossRef

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.WhatisthemainpurposeofthiscorrespondencefromZhang?32.這封來自張的信的主要目的是什么？

A.SurprisinglyhighrateofplagiarisminChinesesubmissions.A.中國投稿的剽竊率高得驚人。

B.EffortsofZhangandherjournalinfightingagainstplagiarism.B.張和她的期刊在打擊剽竊方面所做的努力。

C.UseofCrossCheck.C.使用CrossCheck。

D.UseofsoftwaredevelopedbytwoChinesecompanies.D.使用兩家中國公司開發(fā)的軟件。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段就引入了話題，即論文剽竊率高達(dá)31%，第二段和第三段是作者對(duì)于打擊剽竊方面同她所在期刊所做的一些努力，如第二段第一句“因此，我們呼吁作者、研究人員和編輯提高對(duì)剽竊的警惕，并努力消除文化誤解”和第三段第一句“為此，我們進(jìn)行了講座，并撰寫了三篇論文，這些論文在中國媒體上得到了廣泛的宣傳”，最后一段敘述其他中國期刊的努力；綜合理解，我們可知這篇文章的目的是為了闡述作者和她的期刊所做的努力，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C、D選項(xiàng)都只是其中的一小部分，屬于以偏概全。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.WhichofthefollowingstrategyisnotutilizedbyJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science?

33.《浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)—自然科學(xué)版》沒有采用以下哪一種策略？

A.SigninguptheserviceofCrossCheckinscreeningplagiarism.A.簽署CrossCheck服務(wù)，甄別剽竊。

B.Alertingauthorsagainstculturalmisunderstanding.B.提醒作者注意文化誤解。

C.Givinglecturesandwritingpapers.C.講課和寫論文。

D.Encouragingstudentstocopythewordsoftheirmasters.D.鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生模仿老師的話。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位文章第二段“因此，我們呼吁作者、研究人員和編輯提高對(duì)剽竊的警惕，并努力消除文化誤解。例如，在古代中國，學(xué)生通常被鼓勵(lì)抄襲老師的話。（studentsweretypicallyencouragedtocopythewordsoftheirmasters）”，可知，《浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)—自然科學(xué)版》并不鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生抄襲老師的話，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第一段最后一句“該出版物是國家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)學(xué)術(shù)期刊，也是國內(nèi)第一個(gè)注冊(cè)CrossRef的剽竊篩選服務(wù)”，可知該項(xiàng)符合原文；

B選項(xiàng)定位第二段第一句可知，該項(xiàng)正確；

C選項(xiàng)定位第三段第一句“為此，我們進(jìn)行了講座，并撰寫了三篇論文（givenlecturesandwrittenthreepapers），這些論文在中國媒體上得到了廣泛的宣傳”，可知，該項(xiàng)也正確。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.AuthorsofJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Sciencecangettobewareoftheirresponsibilitiesthrough______.34.《浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)—自然科學(xué)版》的作者可以通過______意識(shí)自己的責(zé)任。

A.theCrossChecklogoonthejournal’swebsiteA.該雜志網(wǎng)站上的CrossCheck標(biāo)志

B.theuseofChinesesoftwarelaunchedin2008B.2008年開始使用中國軟件

C.watchingthepedagogicvideoonthejournal’swebsiteC.在雜志網(wǎng)站上觀看教學(xué)視頻

D.nothingelseexceptforlecturesandpapersD.講座和論文

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段最后一句“我們的網(wǎng)站顯示了CrossCheck標(biāo)志，以提醒作者他們的責(zé)任（remindauthorsoftheirresponsibilities）”，可知CrossCheck標(biāo)志會(huì)提醒作者他們的責(zé)任，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)與題干無關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

C選項(xiàng)沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ectures和papers的目的是為了呼吁作者提高對(duì)剽竊的警惕并努力消除文化誤解，并不是提醒他們自己的責(zé)任，該項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Itcanbefoundthatlocalsoftwarewaslaunchedin2008byChinesecompanies,butCrossCheckwasdevelopedby______.35.可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，2008年中國企業(yè)推出了本地軟件，而CrossCheck是由______開發(fā)的。

A.China’sAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouseA.中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊電子出版社

B.TongfangKnowledgeNetworkTechnologyB.同方知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)

C.JournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science

C.浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)—自然科學(xué)版

D.CrossRefD.CrossRef

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第一段最后一句“該出版物是國家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)學(xué)術(shù)期刊，也是國內(nèi)第一個(gè)注冊(cè)CrossRef的剽竊篩選CrossCheck服務(wù)的刊物”，可知D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B選項(xiàng)定位最后一段“其他中國期刊也在使用2008年由中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊電子出版社和北京同方知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)公司推出的軟件來監(jiān)管剽竊行為”可知，中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊電子出版社和北京同方知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)公司推出的是本地軟件，題干問的是CrossCheck，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

C選項(xiàng)只是與CrossCheck簽約，并不代表是它開發(fā)的，屬于曲解原文。

21.單選題

“WeplantoputtheFirstWorldWaronstage,"saidthefilmproducer,”（）weforgetthe16millionmenfromaroundtheworldwholeftforarealwar100yearsagoandnevercamehome."

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lest

B.when

C.while

D.unless

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞。lest以防；when當(dāng)…時(shí)候；while盡管，當(dāng)…時(shí)候；unless除非。句意：“我們計(jì)劃把第一次世界大戰(zhàn)搬上舞臺(tái)，”這位電影制片人說，“以免我們忘記了來自世界各地的1600萬人，他們?cè)?00年前參加了一場(chǎng)真正的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，但再也沒能回家?！鼻鞍刖涫墙Y(jié)果，后半句是目的，只有A項(xiàng)符合邏輯。

22.單選題

TheNigerPresidenthadcauseduneaseintheWestAfricancountryfollowinghisfailuretoorganizeelectionswhenhis（）elapsed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tenancy

B.tension

C.territory

D.tenure

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞匯辨析。tenancy“租用，租賃，租賃期”；tension“緊張局勢(shì)”；territory“領(lǐng)地，領(lǐng)土”；tenure“任期”。句意：尼日爾總統(tǒng)任期結(jié)束后未能組織選舉，在這個(gè)西非國家引起了不安。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

23.單選題

Bythetimethatdisputewasresolved,relationsbetweenserviceandmanagementhadbeenpoisoned.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disdained

B.retained

C.tainted

D.stained

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在爭(zhēng)端得到解決時(shí)，服務(wù)和管理之間的關(guān)系已經(jīng)被破壞。poisoned意為破壞，摧毀。disdained鄙棄；retained保留，保存；tainted污染的，感染的；stained玷污的，著色的。選項(xiàng)C最符合原句語境，所以正確。

24.單選題

Fourweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontheverge

B.onthespot

C.ontheloose

D.onthesly

【答案】D

【解析】介詞短語辨析。ontheverge“瀕臨,在…的邊緣”;onthespot“當(dāng)場(chǎng),在危險(xiǎn)中”;ontheloose“散漫,放蕩”;onthesly“偷偷地,秘密地”。句意:自殺式爆炸事件發(fā)生四周后,警方仍在搜捕爆炸犯罪分子,因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈胚€有更多的爆炸分子躲在暗處。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

25.單選題

AthomeTheodoreRoosevelthadaffection,notcompliments,whetherthesewereunintentionalandsincereorwerethinlydisguisedflattery.Andaffectionwaswhathemostcravedfromhisfamilyandnearestfriends,andwhathegavetothemwithoutstint.AsIhavesaid,heallowednothingtointerruptthehourssetapartforhiswifeandchildrenwhilehewasattheWhiteHouse,andatOysterBaytherewasalwaystimeforthem.Atypicalstoryistoldoftheboyscominginuponhimduringaconferencewithsomeimportantvisitor,andsayingreproachfully,“it'slongafterfouro'clock,andyoupromisedtogowithusatfour.”“SoIdid.”saidRoosevelt.Andhequicklyfinishedhisbusinesswiththevisitorandwent.Whenthechildrenwereyoung,heusuallysawthematsupperandintobed,andhetalkedofthefamouspillowfighttheyhadwithhim.HouseguestsattheWhiteHousesometimesunexpectedlycaughtsightofhimcrawlingintheentrynearthechildren'srooms,withtwoorthreechildrenridingonhisback.Roosevelt'sdayswereseldomlessthanfifteenhourslong,andwecanguesshowheregardedthelaboringmenoftodaywhoclamorforeightandsix,andevenfewerhours,asthenormalperiodforaday'swork.Hegotupathalfpastsevenandalwaysfinishedbreakfastbynine,whenwhatmanymightcalltilerealworkofhisdaybegan.

TheunimaginativelaborerprobablysupposesthatmostofthedutieswhichfalltoanindustriousPresidentarenotstrictlyworkatall;butifanyonehadtomeetforanhourandahalfeveryforenoonsuchCongressmenandSenatorsaschosetocallonhim,hewouldunderstandthatthatwasajobinvolvingrealwork,hardwork.Theycameeverydaywithagrievance,oranappeal,orasuggestion,orafavortoask,andhehadtotreateachone,notonlypolitely,butmoreorlessdifferently.EarlyinhisAdministration,IhearditsaidthatheoffendedsomeCongressmenbydenyingtheirrequestsinsoloudavoicethatothersintheroomcouldhearhim,andthisseemedtosomeahumiliation.PresidentMckinley,ontheotherhand,theysaid,loweredhisvoice,andspokesosoftlyandsweetlythatevenhisrefusaldidnotjaronhisvisitor,andwasnotheardatallbythebystanders.Ifthishappened,IsuspectitwasbecauseRooseveltspokeratherexplosivelyandhadahabitofemphasis,andnotbecausehewishedinanywaytosendhispetitionersrebuffthroughtheroom.

Norwasthehourwhichfollowedthis,whenhereceivedgeneralcallers,lesswearing.AsthesepersonscamefromallpartsoftheUnion,sotheywereofallsortsandtemperaments.HerewasaworthycitizenfromColoradoWho,onthestrengthofhavingonceheardthePresidentmakeapublicspeechinDenver,claimedimmediatefriendshipwithhim.ThenmightcomeanoldladyfromGeorgia,whorememberedhismother'speoplethere,ortheladyfromJacksonville,Florida,ofwhomIhavealreadyspoken.Oncealittleboy,whowasalmostlostinthecrushofgrown-upvisitors,managedtoreachtothePresident,“WhatcanIdoforyou?”thePresidentasked;andtheboytoldhowhisfatherhaddiedleavinghismotherwithalargefamilyandnomoney,andhowhewassellingtypewriterstohelpsupporther.Hismother,hesaid,wouldbemostgratefulifthePresidentwouldacceptatypewriterfromherasagift.SothePresidenttoldthelittlefellowtogoandsitdownuntiltheothervisitorshadpassed,andthenhewouldattendtohim.Nodoubt,theboylefttheWhiteHousewellcontended--andricher.

1.FromthestorieswhichexemplifyRoosevelt’saffectionforhisfamilymembers,wecaninferthat（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,TheodoreRoosevelt（）.

3.WhatmightanunimaginativelaborerthinkofthePresidentsduties?

4.HowwasPresidentRoosevelt’soffendingdenialofsomeCongressmen’srequestsexplained?

5.Howdidthepresidenttreattheboywhohadlosthisfather?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hewasnotflexiblewithhisschedule

B.thePresidenttriedtofulfillhispromisetothem

C.hewouldstoppedwhateverhewasdoingforthem

D.thePresidentapologizedtothemwhenhecouldnotstaywiththem

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wasahard-workingPresident

B.triedtoreducethelengthofhisworkday

C.reallyappreciatedtheideaofeightorsixhoursperworkday

D.wishedtoworkwiththelaboringmenoftoday

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ThosedutieswerenothingforPresidentRoosevelt.

B.WhatthepresidentdidwastomeetCongressmenandSenators.

C.ManyCongressmenandSenatorslikedtomeetthePresident.

D.ThePresidentthoughthisdutiesinvolvedrealandhardwork.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheCongressmenfellhumiliated.

B.ThePresidentwaseasytolosehistemper.

C.PresidentMckinleyhelpedtochangetheembarrassingsituations.

D.PresidentRoosevelthadaratherforcefulspeakingmanner.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Heaskedtheboytoleaveimmediately

B.Heacceptedatypewriterasagiftfromtheboy'smother

C.Hewouldratherstayalonewiththeboy

D.Hewouldhelptheboyandthepoorfamily

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的二三句“Andaffection...therewasalwaystimeforthem.”羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)最渴望來自于家人和親密朋友的感情,而他也會(huì)毫不吝嗇的給予他們。他不允許任何事情打擾他為妻子和孩子們留出的時(shí)間。說明羅斯福總統(tǒng)一直在試圖履行對(duì)家人的承諾。

2.根據(jù)第一段和第二段的內(nèi)容可知,羅斯福總統(tǒng)的工作時(shí)間很少少于15個(gè)小時(shí),他需要和很多人會(huì)面,而這些人每天都帶著不滿、請(qǐng)求、建議或?qū)で髱椭鴣?他不僅要禮貌地對(duì)待每一個(gè)人,而且要或多或少地以不同的方式對(duì)待他們。由此推斷,羅斯福是一位辛勤工作的總統(tǒng)。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“TheunimaginativelaborerprobablysupposesthatmostofthedutieswhichfalltoanindustriousPresidentarenotstrictlyworkatall.”缺乏想象力的勞動(dòng)者可能會(huì)認(rèn)為,一個(gè)勤勉的總統(tǒng)應(yīng)盡的大部分職責(zé),嚴(yán)格來說根本不是工作。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“IsuspectitwasbecauseRooseveltspokeratherexplosivelyandhadahabitofemphasis,”作者認(rèn)為羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)所以才說話如此激烈,由此推斷,羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)拒絕某些議員的要求,說明總統(tǒng)說話的態(tài)度很強(qiáng)硬。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Nodoubt,theboylefttheWhiteHousewellcontended--andricher.”說明羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)會(huì)幫助那個(gè)男孩以及他貧困的家庭。選項(xiàng)D正確。

26.單選題

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees’compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstartingwagesforlow-levelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentonoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce’swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,near-recordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyareth