考研考博-英語(yǔ)-三門峽社會(huì)管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-三門峽社會(huì)管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Manypartsofanaircraftare______together.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reshuffled

B.repulsed

C.reverted

D.riveted

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reshuffled進(jìn)行崗位調(diào)整；更改職責(zé)配置B.repulsed拒絕；驅(qū)逐

C.reverted回復(fù)；歸還D.riveted吸引?。挥勉T釘固定住

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息partsofanaircraft（飛機(jī)的零件）和關(guān)鍵詞together（一起）可知，空格處填入“組裝，固定”符合句子意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】飛機(jī)的許多部件是用鉚釘鉚接在一起的。

2.單選題

Hardtrainingwill______yourichlywhenitcomestotheactualcompetition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pay

B.bring

C.serve

D.make

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pay“支付，補(bǔ)償，償還”，B項(xiàng)bring“帶來(lái)，提供，引起”，C項(xiàng)serve“招待，供應(yīng)，為……服務(wù)”，D項(xiàng)make“使得，進(jìn)行，布置，準(zhǔn)備”。由Hardtrainingwill______yourichly“艱苦的訓(xùn)練將豐厚地……你”可知，“補(bǔ)償”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：在真正的比賽中，艱苦的訓(xùn)練會(huì)給你帶來(lái)豐厚的回報(bào)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Monkeysandbeagleswerecentraltorecentstudieslinkingregularphysicalactivityandanenhanceddiettoimprovedbrainfunction.ThemonkeysparticipatedinanOregonHealthandScienceUniversitystudy.Itshowedprimatesthatexercisedregularly~usingatreadmillfivedaysperweek—hadahigherbraincapillaryvolumeafter20weeksthanacontrolgroupthatdidnotexercise.Also,monkeysintheexercisegroupmorerapidlylearnednewtasks.Thestudyshowedthatthemostsignificantbrainbenefitswereexperiencedbymonkeysdeemed“l(fā)eastfit”atthestartofthetrial.TheOregonresearcherssaidstudyingmonkeyseliminatesanyskewingfromthedecidedlyhumanbehaviorsofsmoking,drinkingandovereating.ThefindingswerediscussedattheannualmeetingoftheSocietyforNeuroscienceinNewOrleans.

Anothernewstudyemployed39beaglestotestthebrain-enhancingeffectivenessofantioxidant-richfoods(especiallythoserichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene).UniversityofTorontoresearchersdiscoveredthatolddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtrickswiththeproperfortifiedfoodintheirdinnerbowls.“Wefoundolddogsontheantioxidantdietperformedbetteronavarietyofcognitiveteststhandogsnotonthediet,”saidP.DwightTapp,astudyco-authornowbasedattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.”Infact,thedogseatingtheantioxidant-fortifiedfoodsperformedaswellasyoungbeagles.”Fortheuninitiated―orthoseofuswhohaveneverlivedwithanoldbeagleorothercanines—dogscanexperiencethesamememorylossandslowedcognitivefunctionthatoccurinhumans.

Tappandcolleaguesfoundthattheantioxidant-richdiethelpedimprovecognitiveskillsinolddogsbutnotyoungdogs.Afollow-upstudyisongoingtodetermineiffeedingtheyoungerdogsthespecialdiethelpspreventlossofbrainfunction.

ArthurF.Kramerfigurestostickwithhumansinhisbrainresearch.KramerisaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.Hewasleadauthoronapioneeringstudypublishedearlierthisyearthatshowedpositivephysiologicalchangesinbrainmatterduetoregularexercise.

Thetypicalmanorwomanlosesbrainmatteraspartoftheagingprocess.Inafirst,Kramerandcolleaguesusedmagnetic-resonanceimaging(MRI)scanstoshowthatindividuals55andolderwhoexerciseregularly—walkingbrisklyfor20minutesthreetimesperweek—canpreservegray-andwhite-matterregionsofthebrain.”Thegreatthingisitdoesn'ttaketoolongtorealizethesebenefits,”Kramersaid,“Wesawsignificantcognitiveimprovementinpeople55andolderoverjustsixmonths.“Graymatterconsistsofaseriesofthintissuelayersinbraincellssuchasneuronsthatarecriticaltolearningandmemory.Whitematterisfoundinthemyelinsheathcontainingnervefibersthattransmitsignalsthroughoutthebrain.Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.Kramerandhiscolleagueshavecompletedothercutting-edgeresearchaboutthebrainandregularphysicalactivity.Onestudyslottedfor2004publicationfollowsuponthegray/white-matterstudy.Preliminaryresultsindicatethatthesamesortofbriskwalkingwillenhancetheperformancecapabilitiesofcorticalcircuitsinthebrain.

“Wearereportingonfunctionandnotjustthephysiologyofthegrayandwhitematter,’，Kramerexplained.Anotherstudytobepublishedin2004buildsonearlierfindingsthatactiveolderwomenonhormone-replacementtherapyexhibitgreatercognitiveabilitiesthanoldermenwhoareregularexercisers.Innewfindings,Kramerandcolleagueshavefoundlessactualbraintissuedeteriorationinwomen55andolderwhohavehigherlevelsofestrogenintheirbodies.Despitebeinga“formerjock,”Kramerdidn'texpectthathisresearchcareerwouldturnsodirectlytowardfitnessandphysicalactivity.Hehasbecomealeadingresearcherintheareaduringthelastdecadeand,alongwithseveralcolleagues,turnedtheUniversityofIllinoisintoarespectedcenterforresearchonhealthyaging.

“Thereisnodownsidetophysicalactivityforolderadultswhogetclearancefromtheirphysicianstostartaprogram,”hesaid,“Weknowitcanhelppreventheartdiseaseandprotectagainststrokedamage.Nowwearebuildingevidencethatregularphysicalactivityallowsyoutothinkbetter.”

1.ThestudyconductedbyOregonHealthandScienceUniversityshowedthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementaboutantioxidant-richfoodsisfalse?

3.ArthurF.Kramerisaprofessorin（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplebegintoageafter（）.

5.FromProfessorKramer’sresearch,wecaninferthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.monkeyscanlearnnewtasksmorerapidlyiftheyexercisedregularlythananyotheranimals

B.regularphysicalexercisecanhelptopromotethebrainfunction

C.monkeysaremorecooperativethanhumanbeing

D.monkeysaregoodatusingtreadmill

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Antioxidant-richfoodsarerichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene.

B.Antioxidant-richfoodscanhelpthebraintoperformbetter.

C.Olddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtricksiftheyhaveantioxidant-richfoods.

D.Antioxidant-richfoodshelpedimprovecognitiveskillsnotonlyinolddogsbutalsoinyoungdogs.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.OregonHealthandScienceUniversity

B.theUniversityofToronto

C.theUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine

D.theUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.33

B.55

C.39

D.30

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.gray-andwhite-matterinthebrainareimportantindecidingaperson’scognitiveability

B.whitematteriscriticaltolearningandmemory

C.peoplewhoare55andoldercanonlypreservetheirgray-andwhite-matterinthebrainbywalking

D.6weeksofexercisingregularly—walkingbrisklyfor20minutesthreetimesperweek—isenoughforkeepinghealthy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Monkeysandbeagleswerecentraltorecentstudieslinkingregularphysicalactivityandanenhanceddiettoimprovedbrainfunction.”可知，猴子和小獵犬對(duì)最近把定期體育活動(dòng)和加強(qiáng)飲食與改善大腦功能聯(lián)系起來(lái)的研究是極為重要的。而根據(jù)“Also,monkeysintheexercisegroupmorerapidlylearnednewtasks.”可知，鍛煉組的猴子可以更快地學(xué)會(huì)新任務(wù)。因此，可推測(cè)B項(xiàng)“定期體育鍛煉能幫助改善大腦功能”正確。A項(xiàng)“如果能定期接受鍛煉，那么猴子會(huì)比任何其它動(dòng)物更快地學(xué)會(huì)新任務(wù)”；C項(xiàng)“猴子比人類協(xié)作性更強(qiáng)”；D項(xiàng)“猴子擅長(zhǎng)使用跑步機(jī)”。A、C、D三項(xiàng)均不能由原文推斷得出，故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第三段“Tappandcolleaguesfoundthattheantioxidant-richdiethelpedimprovecognitiveskillsinolddogsbutnotyoungdogs.”可知，Tapp和同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)，富含抗氧化劑的飲食有助于改善老狗的認(rèn)知技能，但對(duì)幼狗卻沒(méi)用，因此D項(xiàng)“富含抗氧化劑的食物對(duì)老狗和幼狗的智力改善都有幫助”表述錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)原文第二段內(nèi)容可判斷，A項(xiàng)“富含抗氧化劑的食物含有豐富的維他命C、E和β-胡蘿卜素”；B項(xiàng)“富含抗氧化劑的食物能幫助大腦更好的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”及C項(xiàng)“如果老狗食用富含抗氧化劑的食物，它們甚至可以學(xué)得一些新的技巧”均正確。故本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第四段“KramerisaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.”可知，Kramer是伊利諾伊大學(xué)厄巴納—香檳分校的一位心理學(xué)教授，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“俄勒岡健康與科學(xué)大學(xué)”；B項(xiàng)“多倫多大學(xué)”；C項(xiàng)“加州大學(xué)歐文分?！?。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第五段“Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.”可知，人們是在30歲后開(kāi)始變老。故D項(xiàng)“30歲”正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第五段“Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.”可知，隨著人在30歲后開(kāi)始變老，這兩種物質(zhì)（即大腦中的灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)）與認(rèn)知能力的下降密切相關(guān)，故A項(xiàng)表述正確。由原文第五段內(nèi)容可知“（大腦中的）灰質(zhì)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)和記憶至關(guān)重要”，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；原文提到有規(guī)律的鍛煉可以使大腦物質(zhì)發(fā)生積極地變化，故C項(xiàng)“55歲以上的人只能通過(guò)走路來(lái)保存他們大腦中的灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)”表述片面，不正確；而原文提及“55歲以上的人如果經(jīng)常進(jìn)行規(guī)律的鍛煉——每周三次快走20分鐘——就可以保留大部分灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)區(qū)域，6個(gè)月后，認(rèn)知能力會(huì)有顯著提高”，故D項(xiàng)不正確。

4.單選題

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher,thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspump.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Whatdothefirstexperimentsmentionedinparagraphoneprove?

3.Howdobotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants'?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatistheeffectofatmospherepressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Plantstemsdiewhendeprivedofwater

B.Cellsinplantstemsdonotpumpwater

C.Plantscannotmovewatertohighaltitudes

D.Plantcellsregulatepressurewithinstems

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘這篇文章回答了下列哪個(gè)問(wèn)題?’根據(jù)第二段第一句中“IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?如果水不是被泵到高樹(shù)的樹(shù)頂，也不是被推到樹(shù)頂，那么我們會(huì)問(wèn)：它是怎樣到達(dá)樹(shù)頂?shù)哪?？”以及第二段第二句‘Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.’最近公認(rèn)的內(nèi)聚壓力理論解答了“水移動(dòng)到樹(shù)頂端的原因。”確定C選項(xiàng)“水如何到達(dá)樹(shù)的頂端”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘第一段中提到的第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了什么?’根據(jù)第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但許多實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在殺死所有細(xì)胞的植物莖干中，水仍然可以移動(dòng)到相當(dāng)高的高度。”確定B選項(xiàng)“植物的莖的細(xì)胞不能抽水”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘植物學(xué)家是如何知道根壓并不是推動(dòng)植物水分流動(dòng)的唯一力量的?’根據(jù)第一段中“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.但根壓完全不足以將水推到樹(shù)頂。此外，作為最高樹(shù)木之一的針葉樹(shù)，其根壓也低得異乎尋常。”確定A選項(xiàng)“一些非常高的樹(shù)木有微弱的壓力”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘這篇文章支持下列哪個(gè)陳述?’根據(jù)第二段中“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.根據(jù)目前為人們所接受的內(nèi)聚壓力的理論，水是被拉到上面去的?！贝_定D選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家已經(jīng)改變他們有關(guān)水在植物中移動(dòng)的理論”正確；也由此知A選項(xiàng)“水是被推到樹(shù)的頂端的”和C選項(xiàng)“大氣壓力把水吸到高大樹(shù)木的頂端”不正確，排除；根據(jù)第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但許多實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在殺死所有細(xì)胞的植物莖干中，水仍然可以移動(dòng)到相當(dāng)高的高度?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家己經(jīng)證明活細(xì)胞能充當(dāng)泵”不正確。

5.單選題

Themayor（

）hisspeechtosuitthecrowdofhomelesspeoplegatheredinhisoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intoned

B.expanded

C.tailored

D.shortened

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。intone“吟誦，吟詠”；expand“擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展”；tailor“剪裁;使合適”；shorten“縮短，變短”。根據(jù)句意‘為了迎合聚集于自己辦公室的無(wú)家可歸的人，市長(zhǎng)（

）自己的演說(shuō)?！_定C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto（）tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obey

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】obey遵守,及物動(dòng)詞;conform遵從,遵守,不及物動(dòng)詞;concede承認(rèn),讓步;observe觀察。句意：所有人都要遵守政府制定的法律規(guī)范。因此,本題選B。

7.單選題

AlthoughthefeedingactivitiesofwhalesandwalrusesgivetheseaflooroftheBeringShelfadevastatedappearance,theseactivitiesseemtobeactually（

）tothearea,enhancingitsproductivity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.destructive

B.rehabilitative

C.beneficial

D.detrimental

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。destructive“破壞的；有害的”；rehabilitative“復(fù)原的”；beneficial“有益的；有利的”；detrimental“不利的”。句意：盡管鯨和海象的覓食活動(dòng)給白令海大陸架的海底帶來(lái)表面上的毀壞，但是這些活動(dòng)似乎在實(shí)際上對(duì)這個(gè)區(qū)域是有益的，提高了它的生產(chǎn)力。由enhancingitsproductivity可知C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

Lifeisacandle（

）toburnevenbrighter.?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingmeant

B.meaning

C.tomean

D.meant

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“burnevenbrighter越燃越亮”的對(duì)應(yīng)知這里指代“人們希望蠟燭（或蠟燭應(yīng)該）越燃越亮”；再由“mean”一詞在表示“主觀希望”時(shí)一般用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)知D項(xiàng)“meant（其完整形式應(yīng)該為whichismeant）”正確。故正確答案選D。

9.單選題

ForTonyBlair,theoutsideworldisaplaceofmoralcertainty.Therearegoodguysandbadguys,andwhatneedstobedoneisprettyclear.Home,bycontrast,isamessysortofplace,wheretheprimeminister’sjobisnottoupholdeternalvaluesbuttoforcethroughsomeunpopularchangesthatmaymakethecountryworkabitbetter.So,if,asBritaindispatches1,700marinestohelpfinishoffthebadguysinAfghanistan,Mr.Blaircutsamoreimpressivefigureabroadthanhedoesathome,itisnotsurprising.Mr.Blair’sgovernmentisatthatdangerousstage.

Theglossoflastyear’slandslide（政黨候選人的勝利）haswornoff;thenextelectionistoofarawaytofosterunityamongtheLaborPartyanditsallies;fightingthebattlesthatneedtobefoughtseemslikehardwork.NowonderMr.Blairisnotlookingsosteady.Theareawherethisismostobvious,andwhereitmattersmostisthepublicservices.Mr.Blairfacesadifficultyherewhichispartlyofhisownmaking.Byfocusinghislastelectioncampaignontheneedtoimprovehospitals,schools,transportandpolicing,hebuiltupexpectations.Andhehasbeenadmirablyfrankabouthowthatimprovementneedstobeachieved.AlazierandmorecynicalprimeministermighthaveblamedpastfailureonToryunderfunding,thrownsomemoremoneyattherelevantministriesandhopedforthebest.Mr.Blairhassaidmanytimesthosereformsinthewaythepublicservicesworkneedtogoalongsideincreasesincash.Thetroubleisthatpublicservicesare,forthemostpart,people—teachers,doctors,nurses,policemen—soreformingthemmeanschangingworkingpractices.Peopledon’tmuchlikehavingnewwaysofworkingforcedonthem,andtheirunionsseeresistingchangeastheirraisond’etre（存在的目的或理由）.Sothehardestpartofthegovernment’staskisgettingtheunionstoagreetochange.

Mr.Blairhasmadehistaskharderbycommittingaclassicnegotiationerror.Insteadofextractingconcessionsfromtheothersidebeforepromisinghisown,hehaspledgedhimselftohigherspendingonpublicserviceswithoutgettingacommitmenttochangefromtheunions.

Norareotherministriesconveyingquitethesamemessageasthetreasury.OnMarch19th,JohnHutton,ahealthminister,announcedthatcleanersandcateringstaffinnewprivatelyfundedhospitalsworkingfortheNationalHealthServicewillstillbegovernmentemployees,entitledtothesamepayandconditionsasotherhealthserviceworkers.Sinceoneofthemainwaysinwhichthegovernmenthopestoreformthepublicsectorisbyusingprivateproviders,andsinceoneofthemainwaysinwhichprivateprovidersarelikelytobeabletosavemoneyisbycuttinglaborcosts,thismoveseemstounderminethegovernment’sstrategy.

1.Asisdescribedinthefirstparagraph,TonyBlair’sgovernmentisstrikinglycharacterizedby（）.

2.TheBlair’sgovernmentislookingsouncertainintheareawhich（）.

3.Mr.Blair’sachievementsonreforms（）.

4.StrongoppositionisleveledagainstMr.Blair’sstrategybecausethegovernment（）.

5.Atthetimewhenthearticlewaswritten,thesituationinBritain’spublicservicesseemstobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.promptfulfillmentofitspromises

B.timelycoordinationwithotherdepartments

C.dedicationtotheefficiencyofadministration

D.involvementinadangerousstage

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.underliesthegovernmentstrategy

B.mattersmosttovoters

C.welcomeseasyconcessions

D.entitlesworkerstopensions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.meettheexpectationsofgovernmentemployees

B.failtoliveuptohisremarksonelection

C.goesagainsttheinterestsofthepopulace

D.neglectsthesectionofpublicservices

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.wantstotakeadvantageofprivateproviders

B.pledgesitselftohigherspendingonhealthcare

C.assertsitsabsolutecontrolofthenation

D.hopestochangeworkingpractices

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.quiteencouraging

B.veryimpressive

C.ratherbleak

D.fairlypromising

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段最后一句提到“布萊爾先生的政府處在危險(xiǎn)中”（Mr.Blair’sgovernmentisatthatdangerousstage）,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句提到“布萊爾先生看起來(lái)并沒(méi)有想象中穩(wěn)定，而這種不穩(wěn)定主要是在公共服務(wù)中”（NowonderMr.Blairisnotlookingsosteady.Theareawherethisismostobvious,andwhereitmattersmostisthepublicservices），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到布萊爾在選舉中將問(wèn)題聚焦在提高醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、交通和政策上，為政府成員建立其期望。他的這種想法被其他人贊賞。（Byfocusinghislastelectioncampaignontheneedtoimprovehospitals,schools,transportandpolicing,hebuiltupexpectations），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到改革意味著改變工作實(shí)踐,因此在改革這些公共服務(wù)人群的工作過(guò)程中會(huì)比較麻煩（thetroubleisthatpublicservicesare,forthemostpart,people–teachers,doctors,nurses,policemen–soreformingthemmeanschangingworkingpractices），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。從全文可以看出，英國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)的公共服務(wù)是有待改革的，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.寫作題

Directions:Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordson“Isitworthwhileforyoutomakeeffortsinordertoachieveyourfuturesuccess?”Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinesbelow:

Outline:

1)Somepeoplebelievethatmakingeffortsisuselessifyoudon’thaveaparentwithpowerormoneytohelpyouwithyourfuturesuccess.

2)Othersmaintainthatsuchpracticewouldbeharmful,especiallyforyoungpeopleandmakingeffortsiscrucialandshouldbeencouraged.

3)Youropinions.

【答案】【參考范文】

Isitworthwhileforyoutomakeeffortsinordertoachieveyourfuturesuccess?11.翻譯題

人們不會(huì)再建造大學(xué)校，而是會(huì)縮減現(xiàn)今存在的學(xué)校的規(guī)模以滿足不斷變化的學(xué)生需求，這些學(xué)生愿意把很多時(shí)間花在不到校學(xué)習(xí)上。隨著每天到校的學(xué)生越來(lái)越少，需要的設(shè)備也就越來(lái)越少，那么，在設(shè)備上的投資也就越來(lái)越少，設(shè)備的價(jià)值很快也就喪失了。教育機(jī)構(gòu)的電腦會(huì)被連接到能提供幾乎是沒(méi)有限制的計(jì)算能力和不斷更新的軟件的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。在科技和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上節(jié)省下來(lái)的資金會(huì)被用到為所有學(xué)生提供更好的教學(xué)設(shè)施，通過(guò)掌上電腦給所有學(xué)生提供可以進(jìn)入到計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心的接入口。學(xué)生將用這些掌上電腦完成所有的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，上傳和下載信息，打印報(bào)告，進(jìn)入網(wǎng)絡(luò)，還有就是存儲(chǔ)他們研究的結(jié)果。

不公正并不會(huì)在2010年就消失。然而，無(wú)論是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)等級(jí)，還是精神或體格的需要，富人和窮人之間的不平等會(huì)直接通過(guò)政策，管理和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的優(yōu)先權(quán)加以削弱。這些優(yōu)先權(quán)會(huì)促使將用于建筑和管理的費(fèi)用轉(zhuǎn)向以學(xué)生為驅(qū)動(dòng)的費(fèi)用，即為所有的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備可以進(jìn)入到先進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的必備的學(xué)習(xí)工具。所有的學(xué)生都將有機(jī)會(huì)讓他們自己為充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的新經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)做好準(zhǔn)備。教育機(jī)會(huì)不再會(huì)因?yàn)閭€(gè)人出身低或是沒(méi)有資源而被損失掉。

社區(qū)會(huì)在教育中扮演更為重要的角色。當(dāng)?shù)氐钠髽I(yè)會(huì)在學(xué)生的專業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備中發(fā)揮重要的作用。這些企業(yè)如果在此活動(dòng)中表現(xiàn)突出的話，可以接受稅務(wù)減免。

【答案】【參考譯文】

AVisionofEducationintheYear201012.單選題

Alltheyearshehasbeen______betweenoptimismanddespair.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vibrating

B.swinging

C.fluctuating

D.waving

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vibrate“(使)振動(dòng)，顫動(dòng)，擺動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)swing“(使)擺動(dòng)，搖擺”，指意見(jiàn)、態(tài)度或感情的搖擺；C選項(xiàng)fluctuate“（價(jià)格或數(shù)量）波動(dòng)，漲落，起伏”；D選項(xiàng)wave“揮手，擺手”。根據(jù)betweenoptimismanddespair可知選B。句意：一年來(lái)她一直在樂(lè)觀和絕望之間搖擺。

13.單選題

Thetraditionalmarketsretaintheir____forthemanyChinesewhostillpreferfreshfoodlikelivefish,ducks,chickensoverpackagedorfrozengoods.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appeal

B.pledge

C.image

D.survival

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.appeal吸引力；感染力B.pledge保證；諾言

C.image形象；印象D.survival生存；存活

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：傳統(tǒng)市場(chǎng)對(duì)許多中國(guó)人仍有……，他們?nèi)匀幌矚g新鮮食品，如活魚(yú)、活鴨、活雞，而不是包裝或冷凍食品。根據(jù)邏輯，后半句講中國(guó)人喜歡新鮮食品，而傳統(tǒng)的市場(chǎng)就是售賣新鮮食品，由此可推出傳統(tǒng)市場(chǎng)對(duì)中國(guó)人仍有吸引力。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】傳統(tǒng)市場(chǎng)對(duì)許多中國(guó)人仍有吸引力，他們?nèi)匀幌矚g新鮮食品，如活魚(yú)、活鴨、活雞，而不是包裝或冷凍食品。

14.單選題

Inpracticethetheoryoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decline

B.fluctuate

C.frustrate

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)decline“下降；衰落；謝絕”；B選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng)；漲落；動(dòng)搖”；C選項(xiàng)frustrate“失??；受挫”；D選項(xiàng)prosper“繁榮，昌盛；成功”。句意：在實(shí)踐中，這一理論往往使鐵路公司處于決定哪些公司會(huì)興旺發(fā)達(dá)、哪些會(huì)倒閉的位置。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞fail“衰?。坏归]”，可推測(cè)前文的單詞應(yīng)是與之相反的詞，得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Thefootballclubwill

newmembersthefirstweeknextmonth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subscribe

B.absorb

C.register

D.recruit

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Subscribe“簽署”；absorb“吸收；吸引”；register“登記”；recruit“征募”。句意：下個(gè)月第一周這個(gè)足球俱樂(lè)部會(huì)招募新成員。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Althoughthemaincharactersinthenovelaresotruetolife,theyarecertainly____bytheauthor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.imaginary

B.imagining

C.imaginable

D.imaginative

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.imaginary幻想的；虛構(gòu)的B.imagining想象（現(xiàn)在分詞）

C.imaginable想象得到的D.imaginative有想象力的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語(yǔ)義為“雖然小說(shuō)中的主要人物都很真實(shí)，但他們確實(shí)是作者_(dá)___。”空格處所填詞用來(lái)修飾作者筆下的小說(shuō)人物，并且與真實(shí)的（sotruetolife）意義相對(duì)，因此，A選項(xiàng)imaginary“幻想的；虛構(gòu)的”最符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)都是正確選項(xiàng)的形近詞，但不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】雖然小說(shuō)中的主要人物都很逼真，但他們確實(shí)是作者虛構(gòu)的。

17.單選題

Althoughblemishedbythedebtanddeficitproblems,theeconomyinBelgiumwasgenerallyhealthy.Bothindustrialproductionandoverallgrossdomesticproductwereexpectedtoriseby1.6percentfor1992.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accumulated

B.crushed

C.stimulated

D.spoiled

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.accumulated積累，積聚B.crushed壓壞，壓傷

C.stimulated激發(fā)（某事物）D.spoiled破壞，搞壞

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】blemished的意思為“破壞……的完美，玷污”，和economy構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系，這里指的是經(jīng)濟(jì)受到債務(wù)和赤字問(wèn)題的負(fù)面影響，經(jīng)濟(jì)遭到破壞，spoiled與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】盡管受到債務(wù)和赤字問(wèn)題的影響，比利時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)總體健康。預(yù)計(jì)1992年的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和國(guó)內(nèi)總產(chǎn)值都將增長(zhǎng)1.6%。

18.單選題

Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir（

）powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cumulative

B.destructive

C.turbulent

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumulative意為“累積的”；destructive意為“破壞性的”；turbulent意為“騷亂的，混亂的”；prevalent意為“流行的，盛行的”。

句意：颶風(fēng)是致命風(fēng)，它們的破壞性力量在于它們所能造成的身體傷害。

19.單選題

Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth’sresourceshasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.Theoverdevelopmentofmotortransport,withits（1）ofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,has（2）tothenear-destructionofourcities,andthepollutionnotonlyof（3）air,butalsooftheearths’atmosphere.Thedisasterhasarrivedinthe（4）oftheenergycrisis.

Ourpresent（5）isunlikewar,revolutionordepression.Itisalsounlikethegreatnaturaldisastersofthepast.Worldwideresources（6）andenergyusehavebroughtustoastate（7）long-rangeplanningisessential.Whatweneedisnotacontinuationofourpresentseriousstate,which（8）thefutureofourcountry,ourchildren,andourearth,（9）amovementforwardtoanewnorminordertoworkrapidlyandeffectivelyonplanetaryproblems.

Thiscountryhasbeenfallingbackunderthecontinuingexposuresoflossof（10）.Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivaland（11）somedevotionthatisvastenoughandyet（12）enoughtoenlistthedevolutionofall.Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawarin（13）oftheirowncountry（14）anypeoplehavebeenableto（15）themselveswholeheartedly.

Thisisthefirsttimewehavebeenaskedtodefendourselvesandwhatweholddearin（16）withalltheotherinhabitantsofthisplanet,who（17）withusthesameendangeredairandthesameendangeredoceans.Thereisa（18）needtoreassessourpresentcourse,andto（19）newmethodsthroughwhichtheworldcansurvive.Thisispriceless（20）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manufacture

B.increase

C.presence

D.expansion

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.attributed

B.contributed

C.amounted

D.brought

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.urban

B.rural

C.local

D.downtown

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.form

B.case

C.event

D.course

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.surrounding

B.environment

C.circumstance

D.situation

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.exploitation

B.exploration

C.explosion

D.exposition

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.why

C.when

D.where

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.influences

B.endangers

C.restrains

D.transforms

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.yet

C.or

D.and

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.responsibility

B.conscience

C.morality

D.dedication

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.by

C.with

D.for

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.personal

B.collective

C.compulsory

D.unanimous

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.protection

B.defense

C.rescue

D.maintenance

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.why

C.that

D.what

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.engage

B.donate

C.sacrifice

D.devote

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.comparison

B.accordance

C.cooperation

D.connection

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.regulate

B.exhaust

C.dominate

D.share

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.mutual

B.common

C.universal

D.general

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.devise

B.alter

C.initiate

D.modify

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.challenge

B.opportunity

C.attempt

D.notion

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:B

【解析】（1）根據(jù)原文：汽車運(yùn)輸?shù)倪^(guò)度發(fā)展，伴隨著更多的汽車，更多的高速公路，更多的污染，更多的郊區(qū)，更多的通勤，已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了我們城市幾乎毀滅。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

（2）contributedto導(dǎo)致；attributedto歸因于；amounted總計(jì)。句意：所有的這些因素導(dǎo)致了城市的近乎毀滅。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

（3）根據(jù)原文：不僅污染了當(dāng)?shù)氐目諝?，而且污染了地球的大氣層。選項(xiàng)C包括了其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，所以更符合原文。

（4）intheformof以……的形式。這里指這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難以能源危機(jī)的形式出現(xiàn)。

（5）surrounding環(huán)境，周圍的食物；environment多指自然環(huán)境；circumstance境遇；situation情形，情況。句意：我們現(xiàn)在的情況不同于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、革命或蕭條。選項(xiàng)D更符合原文。

（6）exploitation開(kāi)發(fā)，開(kāi)采；exploration探測(cè)；explosion爆炸，爆發(fā)；exposition展覽會(huì)。根據(jù)原文，這里應(yīng)該指對(duì)資源的開(kāi)采，選項(xiàng)A正確。

（7）先行詞是state，where在這里引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，修飾state。

（8）influences影響；endangers危及；restrains限制；transforms變換，變形。根據(jù)原文，這里指由于資源和能源的過(guò)度使用，這種狀態(tài)已經(jīng)危及到了國(guó)家、兒童以及地球的未來(lái)，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（9）根據(jù)原文：我們需要的不是繼續(xù)我們目前嚴(yán)重的狀態(tài)，而是朝著一種新的規(guī)范前進(jìn)，以便迅速和有效地解決問(wèn)題。根據(jù)上下文可知，這里為轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

（10）responsibility責(zé)任，義務(wù)；conscience良心，道德心；morality道德，美德；dedication奉獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)原文，這個(gè)國(guó)家在道德喪失的持續(xù)暴露下一直在倒退。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

（11）根據(jù)句意可知，and連接并列句，前面是demandfor，后面也應(yīng)該填介詞for。

（12）personal個(gè)人的，親自的；collective集體的，共同的；compulsory必修的，強(qiáng)制的；unanimous全體一致的。

（13）indefenseofcountry保衛(wèi)國(guó)家，為固定搭配。

（14）這里為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，所以用that引導(dǎo)，不充當(dāng)任何成分。

（15）根據(jù)原文：在過(guò)去，只有在保衛(wèi)自己的國(guó)家的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，任何人都能全心全意地獻(xiàn)身于自己的國(guó)家。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（16）comparison比較；accordance一致，和諧；connection連接，關(guān)系；incooperationwith與……合作。句意：這是我們第一次被要求與地球上所有其他居民合作，保衛(wèi)我們自己和我們珍視的東西。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

（17）sharewithsb.與……共享，共同擁有。句意：這些居民與我們共享著同樣瀕危的空氣和同樣瀕危的海洋。只有選項(xiàng)D能與介詞with搭配。

（18）mutual彼此的，相互的；universal普遍的；general一般的。這里指共同的需要。

（19）devise設(shè)計(jì)，想出；alter改變；initi