考研考博-英語(yǔ)-成都紡織高等專科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-成都紡織高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Calculusdoesnothavetobemadeeasy—itiseasyalready.ThatbannerusedtogracetheLosAngelesclassroomofsomeoneoncecalledthebestteacherinAmerica.JaimeEscalante,theunconventionalcalculusteacherwhowasdepictedbyEdwardJamesOlmosinthe1988filmStandandDeliver,diedlastyearofcancerattheageof79.

Halfayearafterhisdeath,theObamaadministrationweighedinonthestateofscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics（STEM）educationinthiscountry.Thereport,“PrepareandInspire,”reviewedthesoberingstatisticsabouthowourK-12schoolssufferbycomparisontotheircounterpartsinotherdevelopednations.Itcalledforrecruitingandtraining100,000STEMteachers.

Butachievingthesegoalsisnotgoingtobeeasy.Thereportnotedthat25,000STEMteachersleavetheworkforceeveryyear,mostlybecauseofdisgruntlementwiththeirjobsandlackofprofessionalsupport.Toattractandretainenoughscienceandmathteachers,itwillrequireanelevationintheirstatusandathoroughrevamping（翻新）ofattitudestowardtheentireprofession.

Theonus（責(zé)任）toimproveschoolsshouldbeonfederal,stateandlocaleducationalstrategists.Thefirststepshouldbetotapthestrengthsoftheexistingteachingpool.Wemustidentifytoday’sEscalante—thetop5percentofthenation’sSTEMteachers—and,asrecommendedintheadministrationreport,inductthemintoaSTEMmasterteacherscorpsthatwouldreceivesalarysupplementsandfederalfundingtosupporttheiractivities.Second,weneedtogiveallteachersthetoolstheyneed.WeshouldformtheequivalentofanAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencytohelpdevelopeducationaltechnologies,including“deeplydigital”instructionalmaterialsthatencourageactiveparticipation.Finally,weshouldshiftouremphasisfromstandardstoimplementation.Developingnewstandardsdoeshavearole,butitisthedifficultyofputtingthemintopractice,giventheday-to-daypressuresthatteachersareunder.

TomeetallthegoalssetbytheWhiteHousereportwouldrequireanextra$1billioneachyear.Againstthenearly$600billionspentannuallyforpubliceducation,itisnotahugesum.Still,withlocaldistrictsfacedwithdecliningtaxrevenuesandunfundedmandates,someofthemoneywillhavetocomefromthefederalgovernment.

Thatgoesagainstthegrainduringatimewhenteachers’salariesandbenefitsarebeingcut.Yetthecostsofdoingnothingareamatterofsimplecalculus.IfwedonotimproveSTEMeducation,theU.S.willcontinueadecades-longslidefromthemiddleofthepackinstudentachievementtowardtheverybottom.

1.TheexampleofJaimeEscalanteiscitedtoshow（

）.

2.TheauthorcomesupwiththefollowingsolutionsEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthatthebiggestbarriertotheeducationreformliesin（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,“...thecostsofdoingnothingareamatterofsimplecalculus”meansthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thelackofSTEMteachers

B.theinfluenceofgoodteachers

C.thedifficultytobeateacher

D.society’srespecttoteachers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.attractingtalentedteacherstoSTEMeducation

B.grantingspecialallowancestotopteachers

C.improvingauxiliarymaterialsforteachers

D.elevatingsocialandeconomicpositionsofteachers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefederalgovernment

B.lacksocialsupport

C.economichardships

D.greatlossofteachers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.it’snevertoolatetodosomething

B.calculuscanbesimple

C.costsisnoteasytocalculate

D.educationreformisimperative

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞JaimeEscalante定位到文章第一段，由oncecalledthebestteacherinAmerica（曾經(jīng)被稱為美國(guó)最好的老師）可知JaimeEscalante是一位好老師，以及第二段首句Halfayearafterhisdeath,theObamaadministrationweighedinonthestateofscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics（STEM）educationinthiscountry（在他去世半年后，奧巴馬政府對(duì)美國(guó)的科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)教育狀況進(jìn)行了評(píng)估）可知B選項(xiàng)“好老師的影響”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段中的Toattractandretainenoughscienceandmathteachers,itwillrequireanelevationintheirstatusandathoroughrevampingofattitudestowardtheentireprofession.（要吸引和留住足夠的科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)教師，就需要提高他們的地位，徹底改變對(duì)整個(gè)行業(yè)的態(tài)度）與D選項(xiàng)“提高教師的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位”相對(duì)應(yīng)；第四段中的receivesalarysupplementsandfederalfunding...tohelpdevelopeducationaltechnologies，including“deeplydigital”instructionalmaterials（領(lǐng)取工資補(bǔ)助和聯(lián)邦資金……幫助發(fā)展教育技術(shù)，包括“深度數(shù)字化”教學(xué)材料）分別對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)“給予優(yōu)秀教師特殊津貼”和C選項(xiàng)“改進(jìn)教師輔助材料”，通過(guò)排除法，可知A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Still,withlocaldistrictsfacedwithdecliningtaxrevenuesandunfundedmandates,someofthemoneywillhavetocomefromthefederalgovernment.（然而，由于當(dāng)?shù)氐貐^(qū)面臨稅收下降和無(wú)資金支持的情況，部分資金將不得不來(lái)自聯(lián)邦政府）和最后一段的首句Thatgoesagainstthegrainduringatimewhenteachers’salariesandbenefitsarebeingcut.（當(dāng)教師的工資和福利被削減的時(shí)候，這是背道而馳的）可知C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)困難”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的IfwedonotimproveSTEMeducation,theU.S.willcontinueadecades-longslidefromthemiddleofthepackinstudentachievementtowardtheverybottom.（如果我們不改善STEM教育，美國(guó)學(xué)生的成績(jī)將從中等繼續(xù)滑落到低端）可知D選項(xiàng)“教育改革勢(shì)在必行”符合題意。

2.單選題

14.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Saturdaymorning.

B.Saturdaynight.

C.Sundayafternoon.

D.Nextweekend.

【答案】D

【解析】W:IfyougotothefootballgameonSaturdaynightandconcertorplayonSunday,youwon’thavemuchtimetostudy.

M:Well,Icandothattheweekendafterthisone.

Q:Whendoesthemanplantostudy?

【解析】男士說(shuō)：Icandothattheweekend(我可以下周末再做)。

3.單選題

TheUnitedNationsConferenceonDrugAbuse,whichtookplaceearlierthisyearinVienna,wasavery（

）meeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.productive

B.overwhelming

C.compulsory

D.protective

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。productive“多產(chǎn)的，富有成效的”；overwhelming“壓倒性的”；compulsory“強(qiáng)制的”；protective“保護(hù)的”。句意：今年早些時(shí)候聯(lián)合國(guó)在維也納召開(kāi)的濫用藥品大會(huì)取得了相當(dāng)大的成果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Humanrelationshavecommandedpeople’sattentionfromearlytimes.Thewaysofpeoplehavebeenrecordedininnumerablemyths,folktales,novels,poems,plays,andpopularorphilosophicalessays.Althoughthefullsignificanceofahumanrelationshipmaynotbedirectlyevident;thecomplexityoffeelingsandactionsthatcanbeunderstoodataglanceissurprisinglygreat.Forthisreasonpsychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences.“Intuitive”knowledgemayberemarkablypenetratingandcansignificantlyhelpusunderstandhumanbehavior:whereasinthephysicalsciencessuchcommonsenseknowledgeisrelativelyprimitive.Ifweerasedallknowledgeofscientificphysicsfromourmodemworld,notonlywouldwenothavecarsandtelevisionsets,wemightevenfindthattheordinarypersonwasunabletocopewiththefundamentalmechanicalproblemofpulleysandlevers.Ontheotherhand,ifweremovedallknowledgeofscientificpsychologyfromourworld,problemsininterpersonalrelationmighteasilybecopedwithandsolvedmuchasbefore.Wewouldstill“know”howtoavoiddoingsomethingaskedofusandhowtogetsomeonetoagreewithus;wewouldstill“know”whensomeonewasangryandwhensomeonewaspleased.Onecouldevenoffersensibleexplanationsforthe“whys”ofmuchoftheself’sbehaviorandfeelings.Inotherwords,theordinarypersonhasagreatandprofoundunderstandingoftheselfandofotherpeoplewhich,thoughunformulatedoronlyvaguelyconceived,enablesonetointeractwithothersinmoreorlessadaptiveways.Kohlerinreferringtothelackofgreatdiscoveriesinpsychologyascomparedwithphysics,accountsforthisbysayingthat“people”wereacquaintedwithpracticallyallterritoriesofmentallifealongtimebeforethefoundingofscientificpsychology.

Paradoxically,withallthisnatural,intuitive,commonsensecapacitytograsphumanrelation,thescienceofhumanrelationshasbeenoneofthelasttodevelop.

Differentexplanationsofthisparadoxhavebeensuggested.Oneisthatsciencewoulddestroythevainandpleasingillusionspeoplehaveaboutthemselves,butwemightaskwhypeoplehavealwayslovedtoreadpessimistic,debunkingwritings.FromEcclesiastestoFreud,ithasalsobeenproposedthatjustbecauseweknowsomuchaboutpeopleintuitively,therehasbeenlessincentiveforstudyingthemscientifically,whyshouldonedevelopatheorycarryoutsystematicobservations,ormakepredictionsabouttheobvious?Inanycase,thefieldofhumanrelations,withitsvastliterarydocumentationbutmeagerscientifictreatmentisingreatcontrasttothefieldofphysicsinwhichtherearerelativelyfewnonscientificbooks.

1.Accordingtothepassage,ithasbeensuggestedthatthescienceofhumanrelationswasslowtodevelopbecause（

）.

2.Theauthor’statementthat“psychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences”issupportedbywhichofthefollowingclaimsinthepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,anunderstandingoftheselfcanbe（

）.

4.Theauthorreferstopeoplewhoareattractedto“pessimisticdebunkingwritings”inordertosupportwhichofthefollowingideas?

5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorassumesthatcommonsenseknowledgeofhumrelationsis（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intuitiveknowledgeofhumanrelationsisderivedfromphilosophy

B.earlyscientistweremoreinterestedinthephysicalworld

C.scientificstudiesofhumanrelationsappeartoinvestigatebeobvious

D.thescientificmethodisdifficulttoapplytothestudyofhumanrelations

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefullmeaningofahumanrelationshipmaynotbeobvious

B.Commonsenseunderstandingofhumanrelationscanbeincisive

C.Intuitiveknowledgeinthephysicalsciencesisrelativelyadvanced.

D.Subjectivebiasisdifficulttocontrolinpsychologicalresearch.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.highlybiasedduetounconsciousfactors

B.profoundevenwhenvaguelyconceived

C.improvedbyspecializedtraining

D.irrelevantforunderstandinghumanrelations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Interestingbooksabouthumanrelationsaretypicallypessimistic.

B.Peopletendtoignorescientificexplanationsofhumanrelations.

C.Peoplerarelyholdpleasingillusionsaboutthemselves.

D.Ascientificapproachtohumanrelationswouldunderminethepleasingillusionspeopleholdofthemselves.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.equallywelldevelopedamongalladultswithinagivensociety

B.considerablymoreaccurateinsomesocietiesthaninothers

C.typicallyunrelatedtoanindividual’sinteractionswithotherpeople

D.usuallysufficientlyaccuratetofacilitateinteractionswithothers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第三段：Oneisthatsciencewoulddestroythevainandpleasingillusionspeoplehaveaboutthemselves：其中之一認(rèn)為，科學(xué)會(huì)摧毀人們有關(guān)自身的自負(fù)的、樂(lè)觀的幻想；Ithasalsobeenproposedthatjustbecauseweknowsomuchaboutpeopleintuitively,therehasbeenlessincentiveforstudyingthemscientifically.還有人提出，正是因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)人直覺(jué)地了解得那么多，所以就缺乏動(dòng)力來(lái)科學(xué)地研究它們。確定C選項(xiàng)‘科學(xué)研究人際關(guān)系似乎是研究明顯的表象‘正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段：“Intuitive”knowledgemayberemarkablypenetratingandcansignificantlyhelpusunderstandhumanbehavior：“直覺(jué)的”知識(shí)可以是非常透徹的并且大大有助于我們?nèi)ダ斫馊说男袨?。確定B選項(xiàng)‘常識(shí)性知識(shí)了解人際關(guān)系能了解得很深刻透徹‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’人際關(guān)系的全部意義可能不明顯‘，這不是心理學(xué)占據(jù)獨(dú)特地位的根本原因。C選項(xiàng)’在自然科學(xué)中，直覺(jué)性知識(shí)是相當(dāng)先進(jìn)的‘，這與原文矛盾，原文說(shuō)的是直覺(jué)性知識(shí)在自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中相當(dāng)原始（低級(jí)）。D選項(xiàng)’主觀偏見(jiàn)難以控制心理學(xué)研究‘文章未提及。

3.根據(jù)第一段：Inotherwords,theordinarypersonhasagreatandprofoundunderstandingoftheselfandofotherpeoplewhich,thoughunformulatedoronlyvaguelyconceived：換句話說(shuō)，普通人非常了解自身和其他人，盡管這種了解沒(méi)有得到系統(tǒng)闡述，或者只是模糊地體會(huì)到。確定B選項(xiàng)‘即使模糊地體會(huì)到，也能更深的了解‘正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段：Oneisthatsciencewoulddestroythevainandpleasingillusionspeoplehaveaboutthemselves：其中之一認(rèn)為，科學(xué)會(huì)摧毀人們有關(guān)自身的自負(fù)的、樂(lè)觀的幻想。確定C選項(xiàng)‘人們很少能堅(jiān)持有關(guān)自身的樂(lè)觀幻想’符合題意。

5.根據(jù)第一段：Ontheotherhand,ifweremovedallknowledgeofscientificpsychologyfromourworld,problemsininterpersonalrelationmighteasilybecopedwithandsolvedmuchasbefore.Wewouldstill“know”howtoavoiddoingsomethingaskedofusandhowtogetsomeonetoagreewithus;wewouldstill“know”whensomeonewasangryandwhensomeonewaspleased.Onecouldevenoffersensibleexplanationsforthe“whys”ofmuchoftheself’sbehaviorandfeelings.但是，如果我們從世界上去掉全部科學(xué)心理學(xué)的知識(shí)，人際關(guān)系中的許多問(wèn)題還是可以和以前一樣很容易地去處理和解決。我們?nèi)匀粫?huì)“知道”如何躲避別人要我們做的事情和如何使某人同意我們的意見(jiàn)；我們?nèi)匀粫?huì)“知道”，什么時(shí)候某人生氣了、什么時(shí)候某人高興了。人們甚至能夠提出許多合乎情理的解釋，來(lái)說(shuō)明自身行為和感情的許多原因。確定D選項(xiàng)‘一般足以正確到使人與人之間交往很順當(dāng)’正確。

5.單選題

（）touchinginO'Henry'sstoriesisthegallantrywithwhichordinarypeoplestruggletomaintaintheirdignity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mostis

B.Itmostlyis

C.Isitmost

D.Whatismost

【答案】D

【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。句意：在歐亨利的故事中，最感人的是普通人為維護(hù)自己的尊嚴(yán)而斗爭(zhēng)的英勇行為。

6.單選題

Thisstyleofcookingis（）toSouth-Easternprovinces.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bizarre

B.odd

C.peculiar

D.weird

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均有"不平常的"或"奇怪的"的意思。bizarre指態(tài)度,容貌,款式等怪異;odd強(qiáng)調(diào)有異于正常,表示不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、不正規(guī)、不符合規(guī)律等,暗示這種奇異令人困惑不解;peculiar強(qiáng)調(diào)具有明顯的奇異特征;weird"怪異的,超自然的,厄運(yùn)的運(yùn)氣或命運(yùn)",尤指不吉祥的。句意：這種烹飪方式是東南部省份所特有的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Toexploremechanicalsecretdetection,asearchinstitutehasdevelopedasyntheticnosewhichcandetectscentsinvaporsata（

）ofoneparticletoamillion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.number

B.percentage

C.proportion

D.ratio

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。number意為“數(shù)量”，anumberof意為“許多的”；percentage意為“百分比，百分率”；proportion意為“份額，比例”，強(qiáng)調(diào)比例通常以100％為比例基數(shù)；ratio意為“比率，比例”，強(qiáng)調(diào)是整體與部分、部分與部分的比率。

句意：為了探尋機(jī)械的神秘的探測(cè)，一個(gè)研究機(jī)構(gòu)研發(fā)了一個(gè)人造鼻子，它可以在蒸發(fā)的氣體中偵探出百萬(wàn)分之一的氣味。

8.單選題

BuildtheBird’sNestcallsforgiantcurvingbeamswhichcrisscrossinan（）patternofwovensteel.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intuitive

B.intensive

C.intrinsic

D.intricate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intuitive“直覺(jué)的，憑直覺(jué)獲知的”；B選項(xiàng)intensive“加強(qiáng)的，集中的”；C選項(xiàng)intrinsic“本質(zhì)的，固有的”；D選項(xiàng)intricate“復(fù)雜的，錯(cuò)綜的”。句意：建造鳥(niǎo)巢需要巨大的彎曲梁，它們交錯(cuò)成_____的編織鋼結(jié)構(gòu)。這里表達(dá)的意思是“交錯(cuò)成復(fù)雜的編織鋼結(jié)構(gòu)”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

（）,Icouldn'tunderstandwhatismeantbythat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.AsItryhard

B.HardasImighttry

C.Imighttryhard

D.Itriedhard

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法題?？疾榈寡b。句意：盡管我很努力，我還是不明白那是什么意思。這里是as（盡管）引導(dǎo)的倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)：adj./adv.+as+主語(yǔ)+其他成份，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.

SectionF

AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

【答案】第1題:G

第2題:C

第3題:F

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionC，“l(fā)andclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation”，用于農(nóng)業(yè)的土地開(kāi)荒是森林砍伐的最大原因?？膳袛喑隹赡茉斐砷_(kāi)發(fā)森林的農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)是農(nóng)地開(kāi)荒。選項(xiàng)G符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionC，“chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies”，化肥和殺蟲(chóng)劑可能污染水源?？膳袛喑隹赡茉斐晒┧|(zhì)量下降的原因是化學(xué)物品的使用。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionC，“moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion”，可判斷出更密集的耕作和休耕期的喪失往往會(huì)加劇土壤侵蝕?？膳袛喑雒芗霓r(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致土壤侵蝕。選項(xiàng)F符合題意。

4.根據(jù)SectionC，“thespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.”，隨著單一栽培和高產(chǎn)作物品種的推廣和使用，導(dǎo)致一些原來(lái)的糧食作物的消失，這可能為今后防治病蟲(chóng)害提供了一些保障?？膳袛喑鰡我辉耘喾绞降氖褂每赡軐?dǎo)致一些舊的糧食作物品種的消失。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

ItisGasNatural’sthirdattempttohookupwithabigpartnerinSpain’srapidlyconsolidatingpowerindustry,havingbeenrebuffedbyEndesain2005andIberdrolain2003.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.repulsed

B.disclaimed

C.excoriated

D.redintegrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)repulse“驅(qū)逐；憎惡”；B選項(xiàng)disclaim“否認(rèn)，拒絕；放棄，棄權(quán)；拒絕承認(rèn)”；C選項(xiàng)excoriate“嚴(yán)厲的責(zé)難；擦破……的皮膚”；D選項(xiàng)redintegrate“使復(fù)原；重建；使更新”。句意：這是西班牙天然氣公司第三次嘗試在西班牙快速鞏固的電力行業(yè)中與大型合作伙伴結(jié)盟，2005年被Endesa公司拒絕，2003年被Iberdrola公司拒絕。rebuff“斷然拒絕”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

______yellingatmelikethis?It’syouwhoaretoblameforthisaffair.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whereisthepointof

B.Whatisthepointfor

C.Whereisthepointasto

D.Whatisthepointof

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。what’sthepointofsth./doingsth.“……的意義、關(guān)鍵/做某事的意義”。句意：你這樣吼我有什么意義？這件事該怪你。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentation

B.instruction

C.conviction

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)presentation“展示，描述”，B項(xiàng)instruction“指令，命令，教導(dǎo)”，C項(xiàng)conviction“定罪，確信”，D項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)，職責(zé)”；根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境“這所學(xué)校承諾縮小班級(jí)規(guī)模，提供更個(gè)性化的……”可知，只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意：這所學(xué)校承諾要縮小班級(jí)規(guī)模，提供更加個(gè)性化的教學(xué)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Electricalresistanceisacommonpropertyofallmaterials,（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.differsonlyindegree

B.onlyindegreeitdiffers

C.itonlydiffersindegree

D.differingonlyindegree

【答案】D

【解析】考查分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，兩個(gè)獨(dú)自的句子用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)且沒(méi)有連詞，說(shuō)明后半句應(yīng)使用非謂語(yǔ)成分，即動(dòng)詞的分詞形式或不定式，這里只有選項(xiàng)D是非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

15.單選題

Outof（

）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perfect

B.total

C.sheer

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Perfect“完美的”；total“全部的”；sheer“絕對(duì)的；純粹的”；integral“完整的”。句意：純粹是出于報(bào)復(fù)，他拼命詆毀她的人品，毀壞她的名譽(yù)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Signsystemsingeneralare______:iconicorconventional.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.twotypes

B.oftwotypes

C.thetwotypes

D.ofthetwotypes

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法?！癰eof+名詞”可用來(lái)說(shuō)明句子主語(yǔ)在度量，大小，顏色，類別等方面的特征，這類名詞有age,size,height,weight,shape,type,kind等，排除A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)多了定冠詞the,因此B項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：符號(hào)系統(tǒng)一般有兩種類型：標(biāo)志性的或傳統(tǒng)的。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Barrymore（）,buteachisrememberednotforhiswomenbutforhistalent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadmanywives.Garrickone

B.hadmanywives.Garrickhavingone

C.havingmanywives,Garrickjustone

D.hadmanywives.Garrickhadonlyonewife

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。分析題干可知前面為兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的分句，因此D項(xiàng)正確。句意：白瑞摩有許多妻子。加里克只有一個(gè)妻子，但每個(gè)人都不是因?yàn)樗呐硕汇懹洠且驗(yàn)樗牟湃A。

18.翻譯題

中國(guó)與西方國(guó)家的合作是互利的。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，不僅改善了本國(guó)人民的生活，也為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)提供了新的推動(dòng)力，為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供了更多的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。中國(guó)是一個(gè)潛力巨大的新興市場(chǎng)，西方國(guó)家技術(shù)先進(jìn)，資金雄厚，兩者經(jīng)濟(jì)上具有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性。西方一些國(guó)家對(duì)華采取歧視性的貿(mào)易政策，不僅損人，最終也會(huì)損害自己的利益。

【答案】參考譯文：

ThecooperationoftheWestandChinaismutuallybeneficialtoeachother.TheeconomicdevelopmentofChinanotonlyimprovethequalityofnative’slife,butalsogivenewimpetustoworldeconomyandprovidemoreopportunitiesforthedevelopedcountriesinbusiness.Chinaisanemergingmarketwithgreatpotential,whileWesterncountrieshaveadvancedtechnologyandabundantcapital,bothofwhicharehighlycomplementaryineconomy.SomewesterncountriesadoptdiscriminatorytradepoliciesagainstChina,whichwillnotonlydoesharmtoothers,butalsodoesharmtotheirowninterestsintheend.

19.單選題

CoxRadio,oneofthenation’slargestradiochains,planstoitstieswithindependentrecordpromotersto_______distanceitselffromapayola-likepracticethatrunsrampantinthemusicbusiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consolidate

B.tout

C.sever

D.splash

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“consolidate”意為“鞏固，使固定；聯(lián)合”；B選項(xiàng)“tout”意為“兜售；招來(lái)；刺探賽馬情報(bào)”；C選項(xiàng)“sever”意為“割斷，斷絕；分開(kāi)；使分離”；D選項(xiàng)“splash”意為“潑灑；把（水、泥等）潑在……上；（在水中）濺著水花行走”。句意：考克斯廣播公司是美國(guó)最大的廣播連鎖之一，它計(jì)劃與獨(dú)立唱片推廣商合作，以擺脫在音樂(lè)界猖獗的類似賄賂的做法。由題干可知，apayola-likepractice（類似賄賂的做法），廣播公司肯定是不愿意接受賄賂的做法，所以他們要擺脫這種行為，與這種做法斷絕關(guān)系。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Physicallywefeelcomfortable.But（

）,wesufferalot.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.psychologically

B.moderately

C.naturally

D.precisely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。psychologically“心理上地”；moderately“適度地”；naturally“自然地”；precisely“精準(zhǔn)地”。句意：我們身體上很舒服，但是精神上備受折磨。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

21.單選題

Ofcourse,therearepictureswhichcanbeinterpretedinmorethanoneway,andevenpicturesforwhichthereisno（

）interpretation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausible

B.applicable

C.reliable

D.comprehensible

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。plausible“看似合理的”；applicable“可應(yīng)用的”；reliable“可以信賴的”；comprehensible“可以理解的”。句意：當(dāng)然，有些畫作可以從多種角度來(lái)理解，而有些畫作卻難以得到合理的解讀。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

22.單選題

Foryearsshewasdependentondrugsanddrinkanditwasonlyinherfiftiesthatshefinallymanagedtoovercomethese（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessories

B.addictions

C.attachments

D.admission

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)accessory表示“配件；附件；從犯”；B選項(xiàng)addiction表示“上癮；沉溺；嗜好”；C選項(xiàng)attachment表示“附件；依戀；連接物”；D選項(xiàng)admission表示“承認(rèn)；錄用；進(jìn)入許可；坦白”。根據(jù)dependentondrugsanddrink可知，她多年來(lái)都依賴毒品和酒精，