考研考博-英語-安徽大學江淮學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽大學江淮學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Arecentofhomebuyingpatterns（）showsthatmanypeopleunder30inAmericaarestillrenting.

問題1選項

A.status

B.bonus

C.chorus

D.census

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項status“地位；狀態(tài)”；B選項bonus“獎金；紅利；額外津貼”；C選項chorus“合唱隊；齊聲”；D選項census“人口普查；普查”。句意：針對住宅購買模式的一項最近普查顯示，在美國很多30歲以下的人仍然在租房。由句意可知D選項正確。

2.單選題

Themanagerspokehighlyofsuch（

）asloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.

問題1選項

A.virtues

B.features

C.properties

D.characteristics

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。virtue“美德，優(yōu)秀品質”；feature“特征，特點”；property“特性，性能，財產”；characteristic“特征，特點”。句意：經理高度贊揚了員工所體現的忠誠、勇敢和誠實的優(yōu)秀品質。題干中的loyalty，courage和truthfulness都屬于“優(yōu)秀的品質”，因此答案選A。

3.單選題

Hiltercommittedoneofthemost（）crimesinhistory.

問題1選項

A.violent

B.venturous

C.vicious

D.virus

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。violent“暴力的，猛烈的”；venturous“不顧一切的，好冒險的”；vicious“惡毒的，惡意的，兇殘的”；virus“病毒”。句意：Hilter犯下了歷史上最暴力的行徑之一。A項符合題意。

4.單選題

Shethinksaboutnothingbutdancing.Sheiscompletely（）toit.

問題1選項

A.addicted

B.absorbed

C.involved

D.interested

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項addict“使沉迷，使上癮”，一般和介詞to搭配；B選項absorb“承受，理解，使..全神貫注”，一般和介詞in搭配；C選項involve“涉及，使陷于，潛心于”，一般和介詞in搭配；D選項interest“感興趣”，一般和介詞in搭配。根據句意“她只想跳舞。她完全上癮了?！敝挥羞x項A能和介詞to搭配，所以A正確。

5.單選題

ThesummersessioninGeorgetownUniversitywasareallywonderfuloccasionwhichwewill（

）formanyyearstocome.

問題1選項

A.discount

B.acquit

C.cherish

D.blur

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。discount“打折扣”；acquit“無罪釋放”；cherish“珍惜”；blur“使……模糊不清”。句意：喬治敦大學暑期班是個很棒的場合，我們將在今后的許多年里都會珍惜它。選項C符合題意。

6.翻譯題

Duringourlivesallofusareexposedtothepossibilityofavarietyofriskeventssuchas:workaccidents,majorillness，death，etc.Ifourfinancesarevulnerabletotheconsequencesofariskevent,itwouldbewisetoprotectourselvesandourdependentsagainstthoseconsequences.Thiscanbedoneinanumberofways,fromtakingstepstoensurethatwearenotendangeredtopurchasinginsurancethatwouldcompensateforthefinancialconsequencesoftheriskeventoccurring.

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】在我們的一生中，我們所有人都有可能面對各種不同的風險中，如：工傷事故、重病、死亡等等。如果我們的財產易受到風險事故后果的影響，所以保護我們自己和我們的家人免遭這些后果的傷害是明智的做法。這可以通過很多途徑來實現，從采取措施確保我們不受危害到購買保險來彌補突發(fā)事故發(fā)生所帶來的經濟后果。

7.單選題

This（）wasconductedtofindouthowmanypeoplepreferrice.

問題1選項

A.examination

B.survey

C.inspection

D.test

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞辨析。examination考試；survey調查；inspection檢查；test試驗。句意：這項調查是為了看看有多少人更喜歡米飯。選項B符合語境。

8.單選題

Ifthey’relookingfora（

）ofinformationonapageorareengrossedincontent,theywon’tbedistractedbytheadsontheside.

問題1選項

A.stripe

B.sustainment

C.series

D.snippet

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。stripe“條紋”；sustainment“支持物”；series“系列，連續(xù)”；snippet“片斷”。句意：如果他們正在一個網頁上尋找信息片段或者專心地看內容，那么他們將不會被旁邊的廣告分心。由informationonapage可知空格處指信息片段，故D項正確。

9.單選題

Hefinishedthepaintings（）fortheexhibition.

問題1選項

A.ingoodtime

B.forthetimebeing

C.fromtimetotime

D.timeaftertime

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查介詞短語用法。A選項ingoodtime“及時地，適時”，B選項forthetimebeing“暫時，眼下”，C選項fromtimetotime“不時，有時，時?！保珼選項timeaftertime“不斷地，反復”。句意：他在展覽前及時完成了繪畫。因此，A選項符合句意。

10.單選題

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe（

）ofhumanrace?

問題1選項

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項offspring“后代，子孫”；B選項successor“繼承者”；C選項breeder“飼養(yǎng)員，繁殖者”；D選項predecessor“前身，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人類祖先的說法嗎?選項D符合句意。

11.單選題

Themoneyspentonmedicalinsurancelastyearwasfourtimes___tenyearsago.

問題1選項

A.muchmore

B.asmuchas

C.thatasmuchofthat

D.asmuchasthatof

【答案】B

【解析】考查平行結構。平行結構指and,but,aswellas,or,orelse,both...and,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…but(also),asmuchas等并列連詞連接兩個對等的詞或者對等的結構：1.所連接的謂語形式必須一致，2.所連接的詞或短語形式必須一致，3.連接的非謂語動詞的形式必須一致；整個題干有省略的部分，把句子展開Themoneyspentonsocialinsurancelastyearwasfourtimes___thatspentonsocialinsurancetenyearsago.句意：去年花在社會保險上的錢是十年前花在社會保險上的四倍，即可以看出句子中的平行結構themoney與省略的that平行，spentonsocialinsurancelastyear與省略的spentonsocialinsurancetenyearsago平行。A選項：muchmore后邊接多音節(jié)形容詞或者副詞，也能接可數名詞復數或者不可數名詞，more是much或者many的比較級，代入后不符合題干；C，D選項代入后可以看到that重復，破壞平行結構；B選項代入后符合平行結構。因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

Thecapitalintendedtobroadentheexportbaseand（

）efficiencygainsfrominternationaltradewaschanneledinsteadintouneconomicimportsubstitution.

問題1選項

A.secure

B.extend

C.defend

D.possess

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項secure“保護（使免受危險或失?。?，提供保證；獲得，取得”；B選項extend“延伸，擴大”；C選項defend“防護，辯護，防衛(wèi)”；D選項possess“占有，擁有；纏住，迷住”。句意：本打算用來擴大出口基地從而有效地從國際貿易中獲得效益的資金卻用到了沒有經濟效益的進口貿易中去了。根據句意可知，且選項中能與gains搭配的只有secure，故A選項正確。

13.單選題

“Thosegirlsareidenticaltwins,aren’tthey?”“Yes,theylookexactly（

）

問題1選項

A.same

B.alike

C.like

D.sameones

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。look在此處作感官動詞，意為“看起來……”后面接形容詞。same一般與the連用，alike為形容詞，意為“相像的，十分相似”。

句意：“那些女孩是同卵雙胞胎，不是嗎？”“是的，她們看起來十分相似”。

14.單選題

_____,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.

問題1選項

A.Otherthingsbeingequal

B.Wereotherthingsequal

C.Tobeequaltootherthings

D.Otherthingstobeequal

【答案】A

【解析】考查獨立主格。句意：在其他條件相同的情況下,善于表達自己的人比不善言辭的人能更快的獲得成功。選項A為分詞獨立主格結構,在本句中起條件狀語的作用。選項B為虛擬語氣條件句,但后面的句子為陳述語氣，所以選項B錯誤；選項C為動詞的不定式短語,可以做目的狀語,但不能做條件狀語；選項D結構錯誤。所以本題選A。

15.單選題

Growth,reproduction,anddailymetabolismallrequireanorganismtoexpendenergy.Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.Ifallofone’smoneyisspentonclothes,theremaybenonelefttobuyfoodorgotothemovies.Similarly,aplantoranimalcannotsquanderallitsenergyongrowingabigbodyifnonewouldbeleftoverforreproduction,forthisisthesurestwaytoextinction.

Allorganisms,therefore,allocateenergytogrowth,reproduction,maintenance,andstorage.Nochoiceisinvolved;thisallocationcomesaspartofthegeneticpackagefromtheparents.Maintenanceforagivenbodydesignofanorganismisrelativelyconstant.Storageisimportant,butultimatelythatenergywillbeusedformaintenance,reproduction,orgrowth.Thereforetheprincipaldifferencesinenergyallocationarelikelytobebetweengrowthandreproduction.

Almostallofanorganism’senergycanbedivertedtoreproduction,withverylittleallocatedtobuildingthebody.Organismsatthisextremeare“opportunists.”Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”almostallofwhoseresourcesareinvestedinbuildingahugebody,withabareminimumallocatedtoreproduction.

Dandelionsaregoodexamplesofopportunists.Theirseedheadsraisedjusthighenoughabovethegroundtocatchthewind,theplantsarenobiggerthantheyneedbe,theirstemsarehollow,andalltherigiditycomesfromtheirwatercontent.Thus,aminimuminvestmenthasbeenmadeinthebodythatbecomesaplatformforseeddispersal.Theseveryshort-livedplantsreproduceprolifically;thatistosaytheyprovideaconstantrainofseedintheneighborhoodofparentplants.Anewplantwillspringupwhereveraseedfallsonasuitablesoilsurface,butbecausetheydonotbuildbigbodies,theycannotcompetewithotherplantsforspace,water,orsunlight.Theseplantsaretermedopportunistsbecausetheyrelyontheirseeds’fallingintosettingswherecompetingplantshavebeenremovedbynaturalprocesses,suchasalonganerodingriverbank,onlandslips,orwhereatreefallsandcreatesagapintheforestcanopy.

Opportunistsmustconstantlyinvadenewareastocompensateforbeingdisplacedbymorecompetitivespecies.Humanlandscapesoflawns,fields,orflowerbedsprovidesettingswithbaresoilandalackofcompetitorsthatareperfecthabitatsforcolonizationbyopportunists.Hence,manyofthestronglyopportunisticplantsarethecommonweedsoffieldsandgardens.

Becauseeachindividualisshort-lived,thepopulationofanopportunistspeciesislikelytobeadverselyaffectedbydrought,badwinters,orfloods.Iftheirpopulationistrackedthroughtime,itwillbeseentobeparticularlyunstable―soaringandplummetinginirregularcycles.

Theoppositeofanopportunistisacompetitor.Theseorganismstendtohavebigbodies,arelong-lived,andspendrelativelylittleefforteachyearonreproduction.Anoaktreeisagoodexampleofacompetitor.Amassiveoakclaimsitsgroundfor200yearsormore,outcompetingallotherwould-becanopytreesbycastingadenseshadeanddrawingupanyfreewaterinthesoil.Theleavesofanoaktreetastefoulbecausetheyarerichintannins,achemicalthatrendersthemdistastefulorindigestibletomanyorganisms.Thetanninsarepartofthedefensemechanismthatisessentialtolongevity.Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.Onceanoaktreebecomesestablished,itislikelytosurviveminorcyclesofdroughtandevenfire.Apopulationofoaksislikelytoberelativelystablethroughtime,anditssurvivalislikelytodependmoreonitsabilitytowithstandthepressuresofcompetitionorpredationthanonitsabilitytotakeadvantageofchanceevents.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatthepureopportunistorpurecompetitorisrareinnature,asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics.

1.Inparagraph1,theauthorexplainstheconceptofenergyexpenditureby

（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theclassificationoforganismsas“opportunists”or“competitors”isdeterminedby（

）.

3.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph7ascontributingtothelongevityofanoaktreeEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,oaktreesareconsideredcompetitorsbecause

（

）.

5.Inparagraph7,theauthorsuggeststhatmostspeciesoforganisms（

）.

問題1選項

A.identifyingtypesoforganismsthatbecameextinct

B.comparingthescientificconcepttoafamiliarhumanexperience

C.arguingthatmostorganismsconserveratherthanexpendenergy

D.describingtheprocessesofgrowth,reproduction,andmetabolism

問題2選項

A.howthegeneticinformationofanorganismisstoredandmaintained

B.thewayinwhichtheorganisminvestsitsenergyresources

C.whethertheclimateinwhichtheorganismlivesismildorextreme

D.thevarietyofnaturalresourcestheorganismconsumesinitsenvironment

問題3選項

A.thecapacitytocreateshade

B.leavescontainingtannin

C.theabilitytowithstandmilddroughtsandfire

D.thelargenumberofacornsthetreeproduces

問題4選項

A.theygrowinareasfreeofopportunists

B.theyspendmoreenergyontheirleaves,trunksandrootsthanontheiracorns

C.theirpopulationtendstoincreaseordecreaseinirregularcycles

D.unlikeotherorganisms,theydonotneedmuchwaterorsunlight

問題5選項

A.areprimarilyopportunists

B.areprimarilycompetitors

C.beginasopportunistsandevolveintocompetitors

D.havesomecharacteristicsofopportunistsandsomeofcompetitors

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.（能量支出本質上是一個預算過程，就像財政預算一樣）可知B選項“將科學概念與人類熟悉的經驗進行比較”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Almostallofanorganism’senergycanbedivertedtoreproduction,withverylittleallocatedtobuildingthebody.Organismsatthisextremeare“opportunists.”Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”（幾乎所有的生物體能量都可以被轉移到繁殖上，而很少被分配到身體生長上。在這個極端的生物體是“機會主義者”，在另一個極端的生物體是“競爭者”）可知B選項“生物體投資能量的方式”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.（雖然橡樹能產出數千顆橡子，但與建造樹葉、樹干和樹根的能源相比，對橡子作物的投資很小）“橡子”屬于橡樹的繁殖方式，不屬于橡樹生命長的原因，因此D選項“橡樹產生大量的橡子”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”almostallofwhoseresourcesareinvestedinbuildingahugebody,withabareminimumallocatedtoreproduction.（另一個極端是“競爭對手”，它們幾乎把所有的資源都投資到建設一個巨大的身體上，只有很少的一部分用于繁殖）可知B選項“它們花在葉、干和根上的精力比花在橡子上的精力多”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics（當大多數物種處于這兩個極端組成的區(qū)域中，表現出一些機會主義和一些競爭特征的混合）可知D選項“具有機會主義者和競爭對手的一些特點”符合題意。

16.填空題

Onenight,standingoutonthedeck,Ifeltdestroyedbymyburden.Iwasabout$50,000indebt.Mypublisherandmyagentwereatmeconstantly,toaskwhenIwouldfinishthisendlessbook.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dtoask改為asking

【解析】【考查點】非謂語動詞。

【解題思路】D部分是句子的非謂語動詞，ask和此句的主語Mypublisherandmyagent是主動關系，所以用現在分詞asking。

【句意】一天晚上，我站在甲板上，覺得不堪重負。我當時欠了5萬美元。我的出版商和經紀人不斷地問我，什么時候能寫完這本永無終止的書。

17.單選題

Attheheightofthewar,morethanamillionpeopleweredisplacedandconfinedtosqualidcamps.

問題1選項

A.wet

B.tiny

C.crowded

D.dirty

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.wet潮濕的B.tiny極小的，微小的

C.crowded擁擠的D.dirty骯臟的，污穢的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】squalid的意思為“骯臟的”，表示難民營很臟，dirty與之詞義相近，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】在戰(zhàn)爭最激烈的時候，有一百多萬人流離失所，被關在骯臟的難民營里。

18.單選題

Duetosluggishmarketconditions,thefactory'sworkforcehas（）fromover4,000toafewhundred.

問題1選項

A.proclaimed

B.dwindled

C.repressed

D.indulged

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。proclaimed公告；dwindled減少，變小，縮??；repressed抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓，約束；indulged放任，放縱。句意：由于市場不景氣，工廠的工人已從4000多人減少到幾百人。選項B符合句意。

19.單選題

Shelookedcloselyatthepictureforalongtime（

）everydetailinit.

問題1選項

A.jeopardizing

B.visualizing

C.dissecting

D.scrutinizing

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。jeopardize意為“危及，損害”；visualize意為“使形象化，想象，構思”；dissect意為“解剖(人或動植物)，仔細研究”；scrutinize意為“仔細檢查，細致審查”。

由空格后的“everydetail（每一個細節(jié)）”可知D選項更為恰當。

句意：她近距離看了這幅畫很長一段時間，仔細觀察了其中的每一個細節(jié)。

20.單選題

Notuntilthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies（）asaunifiedscience.

問題1選項

A.didecologyemerge

B.whenecologyemerged

C.ecologyemerged

D.whendidecologyemerge

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝結構。當notuntil放句首時，句子要部分倒裝。故A項正確。句意：直到19世紀末20世紀初，生態(tài)學才作為統(tǒng)一的科學出現。

21.單選題

Therealmofproductliabilityisonethathasalwaysputlegalscholarsandpractitionersatodds.Viewedbysomeasgenuineeffortstoprotectthepublicfromdangerousgoodsandothersasanexcusefordirtylawyerstosuerichcompanies,thematterhasyettoberesolved.Productliability,anditsimplicationsfordisgruntledconsumerswishingtosuethemakersofwhattheybuy,continuestobedebated.

Thosewhoarguethatcurrentproductliabilitylawsarepositiveassertthatwithoutsuchlaws,manufacturerswouldbefreetodoastheypleasewithoutregardforthesafetyoftheconsumerswhobuytheirproducts.Asaresult,theyargue,shoddymerchandisewouldemerge,witheverypossiblecomercutinordertolowercosts,attheexpenseofquality.Notonlywouldtheshoddymerchandisebearip-off,however,buttheproductscouldlikelybeharmfulaswell.Proponentsofthispointofviewhailthenewwaveofwarninglabelsandincreasedqualityassurancethathasresultedfromrecentproductliabilitylegislation,confidentintheirconvictionthatithasmadetheAmericanmarketplaceasaferplacetoshop.

Opponentsofthecurrentstatus-quo,however,citetheoverwhelmingamountoflitigationthathastakenplaceasaresultofstricterproductliability.Amoderateapproachisadvisedbythisgroup,betweenthenecessarysafeguardsthatworldpreventabuseofthesystembythecompaniesandtheexcessiveconsumer-protectionlawsthatallowproducerstobesuedatthedropofahat.Thesepeoplearguethatgreedandthealluringpossibilityofeasymoneyleadunscrupulousbuyerstolookforanyexcusetobringminorgrievancestocourt,hopingforamilliondollaroutcome.

Asthesituationstandsnow,theformercampisgettingitsway,reflectingsociety’spriorityofsafetyovereconomics.Recentlobbyingbyproducershasbeguntoshiftthetide,however.Asabuseofproductliabilitylawscontinuesandgrows,courtsarebeginningtonotethetrendandtakeappropriatemeasures,castingakeenereyeonsuchcasessoastodistinguishbetweenfrivolouscasesandmoreseriousclaims.Inregardtothefutureofproductliabilitylegislationanditsrelationtooureverincreasinglylitigioussociety,onlytimewilltell.

1.Itisstatedthatconsumerswhobringproductliabilityproblemstolitigation（

）.

2.Manufacturersinthetexttendto（

）.

3.Thosewhofavorlessstrictproductliabilitylawsbelievethat（

）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueseemstobe（

）.

5.Themainpurposeofthistextisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.areprimarilymotivatedbythepossibilityofquickmoneythroughalawsuit

B.sufferinjuriesfromfaultymerchandiseanddeserveappropriatecompensation

C.willfindtheiroptionslimitedinthefutureasproductliabilitylawswillmovetowardamoremoderateposition

D.bringtheirissuestolitigationbasedonbothlegitimateandprofitseekinggrounds

問題2選項

A.invariablyproducedangerousproductsthatrequirelegislationtoensuresafety

B.holdprofitandcost-cuttinginhigherregardthanconsumersafety

C.bethevictimsofalegalinstitutionthatunfairlytargetsthem

D.beboundbythecurrentsystem,causingthemtotakecautioninproducingtheirproducts

問題3選項

A.suchlawscurbproducers’abilitytocreateshoddymerchandisetoattaingreaterprofit

B.thelawsneedtobemodifiedtobetterservetheneedsofbothconsumersandproducers

C.theresultsofsuchlawshavebeenpositivethusfar,butneedtobemodified

D.strictproductliabilitylawsareunnecessaryandshouldbedisposedof

問題4選項

A.biased

B.puzzling

C.objective

D.indifferent

問題5選項

A.presenttwoopposingsidesofanargumentforthereader’sconsideration

B.educatethereaderabouttheeffectofproductliabilitylegislationonthelegalsystem

C.convincethereaderthatproductliabilitylawsneedtobechanged.

D.informthereaderofthecurrentstatusofproductliabilitylaws

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章提到如果產品質量有問題，消費者有權利提起訴訟；但是也有少量消費者由于貪婪而去尋求一切有可能的機會去獲取大量的賠償費（Thesepeoplearguethatgreedandthealluringpossibilityofeasymoneyleadunscrupulousbuyerstolookforanyexcusetobringminorgrievancestocourt）。選項D全面，符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句話后半句提到manufactureswouldbefreetodoastheypleasewithoutregardforthesafetyoftheconsumers，所以選項B符合題意。

3.文章第三段第二句話提到采取中間態(tài)度的人認為既要預防產品質量帶來的問題，也要預防過度的消費者保護，所以選項B符合題意。

4.文章最后一段作者提到主張對產品質量嚴格要求的陣營占了主導地位，相關法律法規(guī)將會對產品質量進行嚴格監(jiān)管，同時也會對消費者無聊的訴求進行更為嚴格的監(jiān)控，但是至于結果到底怎么樣，作者認為都要交給時間（onlytimewilltell），所以作者是抱著客觀的態(tài)度。選項C符合題意。

5.文章主要提及了現在產品質量法律法規(guī)，不同陣營的人對此持不同的態(tài)度，有的偏向生產商，有的偏向消費者。選項D符合題意。

22.單選題

Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.ColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreaterglowofSpain.LewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheU.S.hadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisiana,andtheApolloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwar.

Althoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpolitical-militaryimperatives,theexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencesimplybygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebefore.

TodayMarsloomsashumanity'snextgreatterraincognita.Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashorttermfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet'sreddishsurface.Coulditbethatscience,whichhaslongplayedaminorroleinexploration,isatlastdestinedtotakealeadingrole?Thequestionnaturallyinvitesacoupleofothers.ArethereexperimentsthatonlyhumanscoulddoonMars?Couldthoseexperimentsprovideinsightsprofoundenoughtojustifytheexpenseofsendingpeopleacrossinterplanetaryspace?

WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen.Theissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteoritefromMars.AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thechiefpurposeofexplorersingoingtounknownplacesinthepastwas（

）.

2.Atpresent,aprobableinducementforcountriestoinitiatelarge-scalespaceventuresis

（

）.

3.WhatisthemaingoalofsendinghumanmissionstoMars?

4.Bysaying"WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen"(Line1,Para.4),theauthormeansthat

（

）.

5.ThepassagetellsusthatproofoflifeonMarswould（

）.

問題1選項

A.todisplaytheircountry'smilitarymight

B.toaccomplishsomesignificantscience

C.tofindnewareasforcolonization

D.topursuecommercialandstateinterests

問題2選項

A.internationalcooperation

B.nationalisticreasons

C.scientificresearch

D.long-termprofits

問題3選項

A.Tofindoutiflifeeverexistedthere.

B.Toseeifhumanscouldsurvivethere.

C.Toprovethefeasibilityoflarge-scalespaceventures.

D.Toshowtheleadingroleofscienceinspaceexploration.

問題4選項

A.withMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventures

B.inthecaseofMars,therewardsofscientificexplorationcanbeveryhigh

C.inthecaseofMars,muchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbefore

D.withMars,scientistsargue,thefundamentalinterestsofscienceareatissue

問題5選項

A.makeclearthecomplexchemistryinthedevelopmentoflife

B.confirmthesuggestionthatbacterialfossilstraveledtoEarthonameteor

C.revealthekindofconditionsunderwhichlifeoriginates

D.provideanexplanationwhylifeiscommonintheuniverse

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.（幾個世紀以來，探險家們冒著生命危險去探索那些不為人知的地方，或多或少是由于經濟的或國家利益的原因）可知D選項“追求商業(yè)和國家利益”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashorttermfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet'sreddishsurface.（由于短期財政回報的前景令人懷疑，冷戰(zhàn)記憶的迅速消失，以及人們對大型太空探險國際合作的日益重視，很顯然，現實需求已壓倒經濟利益和民族主要訴求，促使人類離開通向這座表面呈紅色的星球的軌道）可排除B、D選項，A選項“國際合作”是進行太空探險的方式，故排除，因此選C。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Theissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteoritefromMars.（越來越多的證據顯示，這顆紅色星球曾經有過大量穩(wěn)定的液態(tài)水，關于掉落到地球的火星隕石上有細菌化石的說法一直存在爭議，這些都突出了一個問題——火星上是否存在生命，以及這些生命到現在是否還一直生存在火星上）可知A選項“看那里是否存在生命”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience（如果可以確定生命是在火星和地球上獨立產生的，這一發(fā)現將為所有科學中最深奧的奧秘之一提供第一條具體線索）可推測風險越大，回報越高，因此選B。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.（一個關于火星上生命的更確切的答案，無論是過去的還是現在的，都會給研究人員提供寶貴的數據，了解到行星在何種條件下都可以產生導致生命的復雜化學物質）可知C選項“揭示生命起源的類型”符合題意。

23.單選題

Plasticsheetingshouldbewrappedaroundthetreeinwinnerto（）itfromthewindandthefrost.

問題1選項

A.recover

B.shield

C.shade

D.rescue

【答案】B

【解析】recoverfrom恢復;shield與from庇護,使免遭……;shade不與from搭配,rescuefrom從...中營救。句意：應該用塑料布把樹裹起來,以防止風和霜凍。選項B符合句意。

24.單選題

Youmustbeverycareful.Thework（

）precision.

問題1選項

A.retails

B.repels

C.retains

D.entails

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項retail“零售，詳述”；B選項repel“擊退，抵制”；C選項retain“保持，固定”；D選項entail“使需要，要求”。句意：你必須非常小心，這項工作對精確性要求極高。選項D符合句意。

25.單選題

Aweeklater,（）actionsweretakentocontroltheinflation,whichcausedriotsalloverthecountry.

問題1選項

A.desperate

B.ambivalent

C.ambiguous

D.deliberate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項desperate“拼命的，絕望的”；B選項ambivalent“矛盾的”；C選項ambiguous“模棱兩可的”；D選項deliberate“故意的，深思熟慮的”。句意：一周后，政府采取了深思熟慮的措施來控制造成全國混亂的通貨膨脹。此處填入空格的形容詞修飾actions（措施，行動）。由句意可知一周之后才采取措施，那肯定是經過深思熟慮的，D選項“深思熟慮的措施”符合題意，其他選項都不準確。因此D選項正確。

26.單選題

Earlyinthesixteenthcentury,FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsistedintheelevationoftheauthorityofexperimentandobservationoverthatofreason,intuition,andconvention.Baconthoughtthatasmoreandmorereliableandpreciseparticularfacts,accumulate,theycanbeclassifiedandgeneralized,resultinginanever-expandinghierarchyofuseful“axioms”.Thisiswhathemeantby“induction”.

Althoughmanypeopletodaycontinuetoregardthecollectionoffactsandtheirarrangementbyinductionintotheoriesastheheartofscientificmethod,Bacon’sconceptionofwhatfactsandtheoriesareandoftherelationshipbetweenthemwashopelesslyunrealisticeveninhisowntime.ThemostimportantearlyscientificdiscoveriessuchasthosemadebyGalileoaboutthemovementoftheearth,byKepplerabouttheellipticalshape,ofplanetaryorbits,andlaterbyNewtonaboutthe“force”ofgravity——couldneverhavebeenmadeifBacon’sruleshadprevailed.

Determinedtoavoidallprematurespeculations,Baconproposedthatdatagatheringbecarriedoutbyilliterateassistantswithnointerestinwhetheranexperimentturnedoutonewayoranother.Plainfacts,properlyarranged,wouldautomaticallyleadtocertainknowledgeoftheuniverse.Nothingcouldbemoremisrepresentativeoftheactualproblem-solvingtechniquesofthescientificmethod.ThatplainfactsdonotspeakforthemselvesisevidentfromBacon’sownacceptanceoftheerrorscontainedinwhatappearedtobethemost“obvious”offacts.ForBaco