考研考博-英語-華北水利水電大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華北水利水電大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt.Inthe21thcentury,ourdystopiasimagineaworldwherebooksareforgotten.Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovelSuperSadTrueLoveStorydescribesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.Thebookonthebook,itsuggests,isclosing.

Thebook—thephysicalpaperbook—isbeingcircledbyashoalofsharks,withsalesdown9percentthisyearalone.It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.

InhisgorgeouslittlebookTheLostArtofReading—WhyBooksMatterinaDistractedTime,thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling.Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating—butthen,afewyearsago,he“becomeaware,inanapartmentfullofbooks,thatIcouldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread”.Hewouldsitdowntodoitatnight,ashealwayshad,andreadafewparagraphs,thenfindhismindwaswandering,imploringhimtocheckhisemail,orTwitter,orFacebook.“WhatI’mstrugglingwith,”hewrites,“istheencroachmentofthebuzz,thesensethatthere’ssomethingouttherethatmeritsmyattention.”

Ithinkmostofushavethissensetoday,ifwearehonest.Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother.Toread,youneedtoslowdown.Youneedmentalsilenceexceptforthewords.That’sgettinghardertofind.

No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb,andtheywillhavetowrenchmyTwitterfeedfrommycolddeadhands.Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.

Intheageoftheinternet,physicalpaperbooksareatechnologyweneedmore,notless.Inthe1950s,thenovelistHermanHessewrote:“Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.Wehavenotyetquitereachedthepointwhereyoungcompetitors,suchasradio,cinema,etc,havetakenoverthefunctionsfromthebookitcan’taffordtolose.”

31.BymentioningtheworkofGarySteynghart,theauthorintendsto________.

32.Themostsignificantreasonforthefallingsalesofpaperbooksisthat________.

33.Accordingtoparagraph3,wecaninferthat________.

34.Theexplanationoftheword“wired”probablyindicatesthat________.

35.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreeon?

問題1選項

A.advocatetheideathatreadingphysicalpaperbooksisoutoffashion

B.introduceabrandnewelectronicproductevenmoreomnivorousthaniPhone

C.provethatbookswillbeoutweighedbyrealityshowsandporninthefuture

D.indicatethatbooksareleftoutinfictionsdescribingthefutureworld

問題2選項

A.electronicbooksaretakingovermoreandmoremarketshareofpaperbooks

B.people’mindsdon’thavethespaceforreadingduetoallkindsoftemptation

C.bookstoresareoutofbusinessaspeopleprefertoborrowingbooksfromthelibrary

D.peoplethinkthingsontheInternetaremoreworthyoftheirattention

問題3選項

A.peopleareinclinedtotakereadingforgranted

B.people’mindsareencroachedbytheInternet

C.it’shardtoconcentrateonreadingnowadays

D.DavidUlin’sbookgivesreadersastrangefeeling

問題4選項

A.peoplealwaysmisunderstandthefunctionsofinternet

B.Internetispartlyresponsibleforthevanishingofpaperbooks

C.peoplecalltheinternet“wiredworld”forareason

D.Internetwilltakeoverthefunctionsofpaperbooks

問題5選項

A.Truereaderscanmaintainreadinginallkindsofenvironment,includingnoisyone.

B.TheInternetshouldbestrictlycondemnedforendangeringphysicalpaperbooks.

C.Physicalpaperbooksarefacingextremedangerofbeingreplacedbyotherthings.

D.Readingbooksisn’tinaccordancewiththeincreasingneedforentertainment.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt…Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovel…describesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.（在20世紀(jì)，所有關(guān)于未來的可怕小說都想象書會被燒毀……只舉一個例子，GarySteynghart的小說……描述了一個世界，在這里每個人都沉迷于電子設(shè)備——一個更無所不包的蘋果手機，里面有閃爍的購物車、真人秀和色情——不知怎么的，人們開始認(rèn)為剩下的幾本沒讀過的紙書散發(fā)一股臭味。）可知在第一段中作者主要想表達在描述未來的書中不會有書的位置，所以D選項“表明在描述未來世界的小說中沒有書”正確，沒有說到真人秀等事物和書籍的關(guān)系，故C選項“證明書籍在未來將被真人秀和色情所取代”錯誤。A選項“提倡閱讀紙質(zhì)書已經(jīng)過時的觀點”和B選項“推出一款比iPhone更雜項的全新電子產(chǎn)品”：文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

32.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.（最重要的是，它所占據(jù)的精神空間正在被我們周圍數(shù)以千計的大規(guī)模毀滅性武器所侵蝕。），可知紙質(zhì)書銷量下降主要是因為讀者的思想被其他的東西占據(jù)，所以B選項“由于各種各樣的誘惑，人們的思維沒有空間來閱讀”正確。A選項“電子圖書正在占領(lǐng)越來越多的市場份額的紙質(zhì)書”：根據(jù)第二段第二句It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.（它正在被電子書啃噬。），可知文中有提到，但這不是主要原因，故錯誤。C選項“書店因為人們更喜歡從圖書館借書而歇業(yè)”：根據(jù)第二段第三句It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.（它受到書店和圖書館落寞的沖擊。），可知書店和圖書館沒有直接聯(lián)系，也不是主要原因，故錯誤。D選項“人們認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的東西更值得他們關(guān)注”：文章沒有提及，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.（這很難承認(rèn)，但我們都能感覺到：閱讀書籍正變得越來越困難。），接著在第三段第一句thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling（評論家DavidUlin承認(rèn)他有一種奇怪的感覺），這種感覺就是couldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread（再也無法在自己內(nèi)心找到閱讀所必需的安靜），綜合來看，C選項“現(xiàn)在很難集中精力讀書”正確。A選項“人們傾向于視閱讀理所當(dāng)然”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating（在他的一生中，他把閱讀當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然的飲食），這是David的想法，而不是人們普遍的想法，故錯誤。B選項“人們的思想被互聯(lián)網(wǎng)侵占”：這在之前就提到，也不是這一段表達的重點，故錯誤。D選項“DavidUlin的書給讀者一種奇怪的感覺”不符合文章內(nèi)容，因此C選項正確。

34.語義推測題。根據(jù)第五段第三、四句Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.（喜愛網(wǎng)絡(luò)不會變成不合時宜地對網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的繁榮進行痛斥。但這就是“wired”這個詞既表示“連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，又表示“興奮、瘋狂、無法集中注意力”的原因。），這里的無法集中注意力指的是不能靜下來讀書，所以這里表達的是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓人不像以前那樣讀書多了，B選項“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對紙質(zhì)書的消失負(fù)有部分責(zé)任”正確，人們不會因為其他原因而怒斥互聯(lián)網(wǎng)本身，所以A選項“人們總是誤解互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的功能”錯誤。C選項“人們稱互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為‘連線世界’是有原因的”：不是這里要表達的重點，并且這是對原文的重述，不屬于推斷，故錯誤。D選項“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將取代紙質(zhì)書的功能”：文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

35.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章提到的越來越多的誘惑讓人不能集中注意力來看書，人們的思維空間被其他的東西占滿而騰不出空間看書，可知C選項“紙質(zhì)書正面臨被其他東西取代的極端危險”符合文章意思，所以正確。A選項“真正的閱讀者可以在各種環(huán)境中保持閱讀，包括嘈雜的環(huán)境”：根據(jù)第四段Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother…That’sgettinghardertofind.（如果你在房間的另一邊用筆記本電腦砰砰地讀一本書，這就像你在一個派對上看書，每個人都在互相大喊大叫……這越來越難找了）文章說到因為誘惑太多越來越難集中注意力讀書，沒有說到真正的閱讀者是怎樣的，故錯誤。B選項“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)該被嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)危害紙質(zhì)書”：根據(jù)第五段No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb…Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.（不，別誤會我。我熱愛網(wǎng)絡(luò)……這不會變成不合時宜地對網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的繁榮的痛斥。），可知作者不認(rèn)為要譴責(zé)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，故錯誤。D選項“閱讀書籍不符合日益增長的娛樂需求”：根據(jù)第六段第二句Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.（新發(fā)明越能滿足娛樂和主流教育的需求，書就越能恢復(fù)其地位和權(quán)威。），可知娛樂得到滿足對書籍發(fā)展有利，與文章意思不符，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

Modernliberalopinionissensitivetoproblemsofrestrictionoffreedomandabuseofpower.Indeed,manyholdthatamancanbeinjuredonlybyviolatinghiswill,butthisviewismuchtoonarrow.Itfailstorecognizethegreatdangersweshallfaceintheusesofbiomedicaltechnologythatstemfromanexcessoffreedom,fromtheunrestrainedexerciseofwill.Inmyview,ourgreatestproblemswillbevoluntaryself-degradation,orwillingdehumanization,astheunintendedyetofteninescapableconsequenceofsternlyandsuccessfullypursuingourhumanizationgoals.

Certaindesiresandperfectedmedicaltechnologieshavealreadyhadsomedehumanizingconsequences.Improvedmethodsofresuscitation(復(fù)蘇)effortstosavetheseverelyillandinjured.Yettheseeffortsaresometimesonlypartlysuccessful.Theysucceedinrescuingindividualsbutthoseindividualsmayhaveseverebraindamageandbecapableofonlyaless-than-human,vegetatingexistence.Suchpatientsfoundwithincreasingfrequencyintheintensivecareunitsofuniversityhospitals,havebeendeniedadeathwithdignity.Familiesareforcedtosufferseeingtheirbelovedonessoreducedandaremadetobeartheburdenofaprolonged“deathwatch”.

Eventheordinarymethodsoftreatingdiseaseandprolonginglifehavechangedthecontextinwhichmendie.Fewerandfewerpeopledieinthefamiliarsurroundingsofhomeorinthecompanyoffamilyandfriends.Atthattimeoflifewhenthereisperhapsthegreatestneedforhumanwarmthandcomfort,thedyingpatientiskeptcompanybycardiacpacemakersanddefibrillators,respiratorsaspirators,oxygenators,cathetersandhisintravenousdrip.Tiestothecommunityofmenarereplacedbyattachmentstoanassemblageofmachines.

Thisloneliness,however,isnotconfinedtothedyingpatientinthehospitalbed.Considertheincreasingnumberofoldpeoplestillalivethankstomedicalprogress.Asagroup,theelderlyarethemostalienatedmembersofoursociety.Notyetreadyfortheworldofthedead,notdeemedfitfortheworldoftheliving,theyareshuntedaside.Moreandmoreofthemspendfortheextrayearsmedicinehasgiventhemin“homesforseniorcitizens”,inhospitalsforchronicdiseases,andinnursinghome—waitingfortheend.Wehavelearnedhowtoincreasetheiryears,butwehavenotlearnedhowtohelpthemenjoytheirdays.Yetwecontinuetobravelyandsternlypushbackthefrontieragainstdeath.

1.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,biomedicaltechnology（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtoparagraph2?

4.Bysaying“theyareshuntedaside”(lines3,para.4),theauthormeans（）.

問題1選項

A.Theproblemofrestrictionoffreedom.

B.Thepossibledehumanizingconsequenceofmedicaltechnology.

C.Thedevelopmentofbiomedicaltechnology.

D.Thesignificanceofprolonginghuman’slife.

問題2選項

A.resultsinanexcessiveuseoffreedoms

B.bringslittlebenefitstohumanbeings

C.shouldnotbeappliedinmedicaltreatment

D.mightcausegravenegativeconsequencesinitsapplication

問題3選項

A.Improvedmedicaltechnologycansaveextremelyseverepatient.

B.Somepatients,thoughsaved,cannolongerleadanormalhumanlife.

C.Familiesoftensufferwhensomepatientsmaintainavegetatingexistence.

D.Toapatient,survivalisalwaysbetterthandeath.

問題4選項

A.theyareallsenttohomesforseniorcitizens

B.theyarecompletelyisolatedfromtheoutsideworld

C.theyaretreatedwithextremeindifference

D.theyareshutfromtheirfamilies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭說到ourgreatestproblemswillbevoluntaryself-degradation,orwillingdehumanization（我們最大的問題將是自愿的自我退化，或自愿的非人性化），接下來介紹了醫(yī)療技術(shù)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的一些非人性化后果，可知文章的主題是醫(yī)療技術(shù)造成的非人性化。因此B選項“醫(yī)療技術(shù)可能造成的非人性化后果”最符合文章主旨。A選項“限制自由的問題”，文章提到這些危險源于過度的自由，可知不是限制自由的問題，所以A錯誤。C選項“生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展”只說了技術(shù)發(fā)展的一方面，沒有說它帶來的后果，所以C錯誤。D選項“延長人類生命的意義”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第三句Itfailstorecognizethegreatdangersweshallfaceintheusesofbiomedicaltechnology（它沒有意識到我們在使用生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)時將面臨的巨大危險），說明生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)可能在使用中產(chǎn)生危險的后果。因此D選項“可能在其應(yīng)用中造成嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面后果”正確。A選項“導(dǎo)致了對自由的過度使用”，由thatstemfromanexcessoffreedom（這些危險源于過度的自由）可知是過度的自由導(dǎo)致了生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)帶來危害，所以A錯誤。B選項“對人類幾乎沒有好處”，文章說到它們成功地拯救了一些個體，可知還是有一定好處的，所以B錯誤。C選項“不適用于醫(yī)療”，文中介紹了生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)在醫(yī)療上的應(yīng)用，所以C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“severepatient”可以定位到第二段第二句Improvedmethodsofresuscitationeffortstosavetheseverelyillandinjured…Theysucceedinrescuingindividuals（改進的復(fù)蘇方法努力挽救重癥病人和重傷患者……它們成功地拯救了一些個體），說明改進的醫(yī)療技術(shù)可以挽救一些重癥病人，所以A選項“改進的醫(yī)療技術(shù)可以挽救極其嚴(yán)重的病人”表述正確。由B選項關(guān)鍵詞“normalhumanlife”可以定位到文章第二段第四句Theysucceedinrescuingindividualsbutthoseindividualsmayhaveseverebraindamageandbecapableofonlyaless-than-human,vegetatingexistence.（它們成功地拯救了一些個體，但這些個體可能有嚴(yán)重的腦損傷，只能過一種不像人類那樣的植物人生活。），說明有些病人雖然能得救，但不能過上正常人的生活，所以B選項“有些病人雖然得救了，但不能再過正常人的生活了”表述正確。由C選項關(guān)鍵詞“Families”可以定位到第二段第六句Familiesareforcedtosufferseeingtheirbelovedonessoreduced（家人被迫忍受他們心愛的人如此墮落的痛苦），說明病人家屬們看到病人過著植物人的生活會感到很痛苦，所以C選項“當(dāng)一些病人維持著植物人的生活時，他們的家人常常會感到痛苦。”表述正確。D選項“對病人來說，活下來總是比死亡好”在第二段中沒有提及，所以本題選D選項。

4.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“theyareshuntedaside”可以定位到文章第四段第四句Notyetreadyfortheworldofthedead,notdeemedfitfortheworldoftheliving,theyareshuntedaside.（還沒有準(zhǔn)備好進入死人的世界，也沒有被認(rèn)為適合活人的世界，他們就被分流到一邊。），前一句說到Asagroup,theelderlyarethemostalienatedmembersofoursociety.（老年人是我們社會中最受冷落的群體。），說明老年人很不被重視。因此C選項“他們極度不受重視”正確。A選項“他們都被送到了老人之家”，由文章可知有些老人還被送到了慢性病醫(yī)院、養(yǎng)老院等地，所以A錯誤。B選項“他們完全與外部世界隔離”，D選項“他們被家人拒之門外”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯誤。

3.單選題

Headmittedthathewas___cocaineandcouldn’tgethimselfoutofit.

問題1選項

A.condemned

B.committed

C.addicted

D.abandoned

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.condemned判了死刑的B.committed盡心盡力的；堅信的；堅定的

C.addicted入了迷的；上了癮的

D.abandoned被離棄的；被遺棄的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句中couldn’tgethimselfoutofit，這里的it指的是and前面的cocaine“可卡因”，句意為不能擺脫可卡因。因為是由and連接兩個句子，兩個句子表并列關(guān)系，綜合理解and前面的句子表示他對可卡因上癮。選C.addicted，形成固定搭配beaddictedto，對……上癮。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系

【句意】他承認(rèn)他對可卡因上癮，而且戒不掉。

4.單選題

Excellentelementaryschools,openattitudestowardnewtechnology,premiumsforinventions,andageniusforcreativethinkinginteractwitheachotherontheUSmainlandandproducetheAmericancharacteristic,（）.

問題1選項

A.emanation

B.emulsion

C.emulation

D.emancipation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項emanation“發(fā)出，散發(fā)”；B選項emulsion“乳劑；乳液”；C選項emulation“仿真；效仿；競爭”；D選項emancipation“解放；釋放”。句意：在美國本土，優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育、對新技術(shù)的開放態(tài)度、對發(fā)明的獎勵，以及空間思維天賦相互作用，造就了美國人的特征——競爭。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas（）totheissueathand.

問題1選項

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.invalid

D.irrelevant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項irrational“不合理的，無理性的”；B選項unreasonable“不合理的，不切實際的”；C選項invalid“無效的，有病的”；D選項irrelevant“不相干的，不切題的”。句意：法官裁定該證據(jù)不可采信，因為它與手頭的問題無關(guān)。由選項意思和句意可知，D選項符合句意。

6.單選題

Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.

Theauthorsofthe34-sectionacthavemadeaseriousefforttopreventmisuseofthedataandtoprotectgenedonors’rightsandprivacy.Participationintheprojectisstrictlyvoluntary,onthebasisofinformedconsent.Itwillbeillegaltoaskanyoneifheorsheisparticipatinginthefreeprogram.Peoplewon’tbepaidforprovidingatissuesample,medical,andfamilyhistorytotheEstonianGeneBank.Thatinformationisimmediatelygiven“auniquecodeconsistingofatleast16randomcharacters”.GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”

Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.

Donorsareentitledtotheirowngeneticdata,atnocharge,asaretheirdesignatedphysicians.Nooneelsehaslawfulaccesstothisinformation.Indeed,itisunlawfultoask—andtheactcontainsspecificparagraphsthatforbidemployersandinsurancecompaniestogathersuchinformation,ortotreat“peoplewithdifferentgeneticrisks”differentlyasemployeesorinsuranceclients.Geneticinformationmaybereleasedtoresearchers“onlyincodedform,asasetofdataandontheconditionthattissuesamplesordataconcerningatleastfivegenedonorsareissuedatatime.”

SupportersoftheprojectexpectthattheEstonianGeneBankwillbecomeafavoritesourceofinformationforresearchersassociatedwithbiotechnologyandpharmaceuticalcompaniesthatareexpectedtopayhandsomelyforaccesstothedecoded(andanonymous)information.SomefirmsareexpectedtosetupshopinEstonia,presumablyinorneartheUniversityCityofTartuwheremostEstoniangeneticistsliveandwork.Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.

Noteverybodysharesthatview.Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.Theserangefromthesimplistic“Ifit’ssuchagreatidea,howcometheFrenchandGermansaren’tdoingitalready?”toargumentsthatthestart-upmoneycouldbespentonbetterthings.Somecommentatorsarealsoconcernedaboutprivacy.Informationinthedatabankcouldbeusedforblackmailandisthereadatabankintheworldthatistrulysecurefromhackers?Andwhataboutleaks?Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.Estonia’sscandalshavebeenlessluridthanthoseofotherstates,buttherehavebeenenoughtoengenderconsiderablecynicism,notjustaboutleakeddata,butalsoaboutpayoffswherelucrativecontractsareinvolved.

16.Thesaying“Thedevilisinthedetails”isusedtoimplythat________.

17.UnderEstonianlaw,donorsmayrequesttohavetheirtissuesamplesdestroyed________.

18.Thephrase“putEstoniaonthemap”(para.5)mostlikelymeans________.

19.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat,inregardtothenewgeneticdatabank________.

20.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsEstonia’snewlawsgoverningthegeneticdatabankseemstobe________.

問題1選項

A.Estonia’snewgeneticdatabankhasimmoralimplications

B.whiletheoverallideaisgood,thedetailsofthegeneticbank’sworkingsareflawed

C.despitetheirefforts,thenewlawsmaynotpreventmisuseofgeneticdata

D.itisinherentlywrongtocollectgeneticdata

問題2選項

A.atanytime

B.iftheirsecretcodehasbeendecoded

C.iftheiridentityhasbeenrevealedillegally

D.withtheirphysician’sapproval

問題3選項

A.gaininternationalfamefortheEstoniangovernment

B.confirmEstonia’spost-Sovietindependence

C.gainrespectforgeneticsresearchconductedinEstonia

D.bringglobalrecognitiontothislittle-knowncountry

問題4選項

A.publicpollingwasmostlikelycorrupt

B.mostEstoniansapproveofit

C.onlylesseducatedcitizensareobjectingtothenewlaws

D.Estoniansaresharplydividedontheissue

問題5選項

A.ambivalence

B.caution

C.approval

D.skepticism

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.（正如一句老話所說，細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗。或者，在愛沙尼亞建立國家基因數(shù)據(jù)庫的新法律中，人們有理由擔(dān)心魔鬼可能會參與該國《人類基因研究法》的實際運作。），第一句話的重點是細(xì)節(jié)，按照兩句話的先后順序，推理出作者想要表達基因數(shù)據(jù)庫存在細(xì)節(jié)上的缺陷，B選項“雖然總體想法是好的，但基因數(shù)據(jù)庫的工作細(xì)節(jié)是有缺陷的”正確。A選項“愛沙尼亞新的基因數(shù)據(jù)庫有不道德的成分”，C選項“盡管他們做出了努力，新的法律可能不會防止基因數(shù)據(jù)的濫用”和D選項“收集基因數(shù)據(jù)本身就是錯誤的”不是這里表達的重點，不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

17.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.（如果他們的身份被非法泄露，他們的樣本材料也可能被銷毀。），可知組織樣本被銷毀的條件是C選項“如果他們的身份被非法揭露”。A選項“隨時”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”（遺傳和醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)成為并仍然是愛沙尼亞基因庫的財產(chǎn)，但個人捐助者有權(quán)“在任何時候”要求“銷毀可解碼的數(shù)據(jù)”。），可知任何時候可以銷毀的是可解碼的數(shù)據(jù)，而非樣本，故錯誤。B選項“如果他們的密碼被破譯”和D選項“得到他們的醫(yī)生的批準(zhǔn)”文章沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.（這個項目有望“讓愛沙尼亞在地圖上嶄露頭角”，并為這個剛剛獨立、自然資源貧乏的國家?guī)斫?jīng)濟上的巨大財富。），可知愛沙尼亞獨立不久，需要國際社會的認(rèn)可，這是一個國家在國際社會上基礎(chǔ)的需求，D選項“為這個鮮為人知的國家?guī)砣蛘J(rèn)可”正確，A選項“為愛沙尼亞政府贏得國際聲譽”是在被認(rèn)可的基礎(chǔ)上更進一步的需求，屬于過度推斷。B選項“確認(rèn)愛沙尼亞在后蘇聯(lián)時代的獨立”：愛沙尼亞已經(jīng)獨立了，不需要通過其他方式證明。C選項“在愛沙尼亞進行的遺傳學(xué)研究獲得了尊重”：不是表達的重點，不符合題意。因此D選項正確。

19.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第二句Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.（不管民調(diào)結(jié)果如何，愛沙尼亞語報紙上刊登了許多反對意見。），句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，表明前面想要表達大多數(shù)人贊成，B選項“大多數(shù)愛沙尼亞人贊成”正確。A選項“公眾投票很可能是墮落的”：根據(jù)第六段倒數(shù)第二句Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.（對墮落的指控是后蘇聯(lián)獨立國家公共生活的一個事實。），這里指的是公共生活墮落的大背景，而非投票這件事，故錯誤。C選項“只有教育程度較低的公民反對新法律”：文中沒有提到教育程度不同的人對此的看法，故錯誤。D選項“愛沙尼亞人在這個問題上有尖銳的分歧”：不是表達的重點，沒有體現(xiàn)尖銳，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

20.觀點態(tài)度題。作者首先客觀地講述這項立法的細(xì)則，再分別表達支持者和反對者的觀點，而沒有直接表達自己對此的看法，所以B選項“謹(jǐn)慎”正確，A選項“矛盾”，C選項“贊同”和D選項“懷疑”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

7.翻譯題

Adynamicviewseestheplusesofchangeaswellastheminuses.Anditappreciateshownew,unforeseentechnologiesorsocialchangescansolvecurrentproblems.Bycontrast,theenvironmentalmovementhasbeenbuiltoncrisis

Contrarytothedoomsayers,bothpastantipresent,peoplehaveaknackforinnovatingtheirwayoutof"crises"iftheyhaveboththepermissionandtheincentivetodoso.

Wefindthatpeopledevelopedpetroleumaswhaleoilbecamescarce,thatfarmersturnedtodripirrigationaswaterpricesrose,andthatdriversboughtfuel-efficientcarswhengaspriceswentup.

Toalargedegree,greenideologyisnotaboutfacts.Itisaboutvalues,andtheenvironmentmovementisaboutenforcingthosevaluesthroughpoliticalaction.—“

Greenpolitics，’’writeBritishgreensJonathanPorrittandDavidWinner,“demandsawhollynew

ethicinwhichviolent,plunderinghumankindabandonsitsdestructiveways,recognizesitsdependenceonPlanetEarth,andstartslivingonamoreequalfootingwiththerestofnature

Thedangerliesnotonlyintheoddmaverick(—意孤行者)pollutingfactory，industry，ortechnology,butinthefundamentalnatureofoureconomicsystems.Itisindustrialismitself——asuper-ideology,embracedbythecapitalistWestwhichthreatensus.

【答案】（1）動態(tài)的觀點既能看到變化的好處，也能看到變化的壞處。它還贊賞新技術(shù)或不可預(yù)見的社會變革如何能夠解決當(dāng)前的問題。

（2）我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)鯨油變得匱乏時，人們開發(fā)了石油；當(dāng)水價上漲時，農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)而采用了滴灌；當(dāng)油價上漲時，司機們紛紛購買了節(jié)能車。

（3）在很大程度上，綠色觀念是與事實無關(guān)的，而是關(guān)于價值觀的。而環(huán)保運動則是通過政治行動實施這些價值觀。

（4）“綠色政治”，綠色行動者JonathanPorritt和DavidWinner寫道，“需要一套全新的道德觀。在這種道德觀的指導(dǎo)下，殘忍掠奪成性的人類可以放棄破壞性的方式，認(rèn)識到自己對地球的依賴，開始和其他生物平等共處……”

（5）危險不僅僅來自于一意孤行污染環(huán)境的工廠、工業(yè)或技術(shù)，還來自于我們經(jīng)濟體制的基本性質(zhì)。

8.單選題

We’dbetter（

）thewholeplaceincaseit’sbeenbugged.

問題1選項

A.leavealone

B.checkout

C.takedown

D.pulldown

【答案】B

【解析】leavealone不管,不打擾；checkout檢查；takedown拿下,記下；pulldown推翻,摧毀。句意:我們最好把整個地方都檢查一下,以防被安了竊聽器。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

Incourt,theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent,sayingthathehadbeen（

）.

問題1選項

A.betrayed

B.deceived

C.framed

D.defrauded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項betray“背叛，出賣，泄露”；B選項deceive“欺詐，欺騙”；C選項frame“誣陷，陷害，擬定”；D選項defraud“騙取，詐取（……的錢財）”。由theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent（被告聲稱他是無辜的）可知C選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：在法庭上，被告聲稱他是無辜的，說他是被陷害的。

10.單選題

Foranationofpetlovers,Britainconductsasurprisingnumberofexperimentsonanimalssome3mayear.Americaappearstousefeweranimals—just1.1mayear,accordingtoofficialstatistics—butthatisanillusion.UnlikeBritain'sgovernment,America'sdoesnotthinkratsandmiceworthcounting.JapanandChinahaveevenlesscomprehensivedatathanAmerica,andanimalsusedinresearchinthosetwocountriesarenotprotectedtothesameextentthattheyareintheWest.Evenso,academiccenterssupportingalternativestoanimaltestinghaveemergedinbothplacesinrecentyears.InJulyChinaissueditsfirstsetofguidelinesgoverningtheuseofanimalsinresearch.

Inanidealworld,therewouldbenoanimaltesting.Itisexpensiveandcanbeofdubiousscientificvalue,sincedifferentspeciesoftenreactdifferentlytothesameprocedure.Thatiswhymanyresearchersareworkingonwaysofreducingthenumberofanimalexperimentsneededandofmakingthosethatstillhappenmoreeffective.However,thetransitionisprovingeasierforsometypesofexperimentthanforothers,asagroupofresearchersinthefielddiscussedatthesixthWorldCongressonAlternativesandAnimalUseintheLifeSciences,heldlastweekinTokyo.

Themostimportantmessagefromthecongresswasthatthingsaregoingintherightdirection.Thenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentshasfallenbyhalfinthepast30years,atleastinthosecountriesthatrecordsuchthings.Therehasalsobeenashiftinthesortofanimalused.Mostofthoseemployedtodayarerodentsratherthandogs,cats,rabbitsandmonkeys.(Thatpublicopiniongenerallywelcomesthisis,however,agoodexampleof"cutist"prejudiceforonespeciesoveranother:thereisnoreasontobelievethatrodentssufferlessthanothermammals.)Also,oftheexperimentsthatarestillconducted,themajorityarenowconcernedwithdevelopingandtestingmedicineratherthan,say,checkinghowtoxiccosmeticsare.Ofthe11manimalsinvolvedeachyearinexperimentsthathavetobereportedtotheEuropeanCommission,about45%areusedformedicalandveterinarypurposesandanother35%forbasicbiomedicalresearch.

1.Whichofthefollowingis"anillusion"?

2.Manyresearchersarecurrentlytryingto______.

3.Thecutistprejudiceprobablyreferstothefactthat______.

問題1選項

A.BritainprotectsanimalsusedinresearchbetterthanJapanandChina.

B.Chinahasissuedguidelinesgoverningtheuseofanimalsinresearch.

C.JapanhaslesscomprehensivedataonanimaltestingthanAmerica.

D.AmericaconductsfewerexperimentsonanimalsthanBritain.

問題2選項

A.useanimalsinvolvedinresearchmoreeffectively

B.slowdownthetransitionforsomeexperiments

C.challengethescientificvalueofanimaltesting

D.raisethecostofusinganyanimalsinresearch

問題3選項

A.petanimalsarethoughttosuffermoreinexperiments

B.rodentsarebelievedtoreactinthesamewaywithhumans

C.testingmedicineissupposedtodomoreharmthantestingcosmetics

D.whatsortofanimalstouseisreckonedmorecrucialthanwhethertousethem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下面哪個是“錯覺”？根據(jù)“anillusion”定位到文章第一段第二句“Americaappearstousefeweranimals—just1.1mayear,accordingtoofficialstatistics—butthatisanillusion”，說明美國用動物做的試驗似乎少一些是錯覺。因此D選項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：