考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華北水利水電大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華北水利水電大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt.Inthe21thcentury,ourdystopiasimagineaworldwherebooksareforgotten.Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovelSuperSadTrueLoveStorydescribesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.Thebookonthebook,itsuggests,isclosing.

Thebook—thephysicalpaperbook—isbeingcircledbyashoalofsharks,withsalesdown9percentthisyearalone.It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.

InhisgorgeouslittlebookTheLostArtofReading—WhyBooksMatterinaDistractedTime,thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling.Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating—butthen,afewyearsago,he“becomeaware,inanapartmentfullofbooks,thatIcouldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread”.Hewouldsitdowntodoitatnight,ashealwayshad,andreadafewparagraphs,thenfindhismindwaswandering,imploringhimtocheckhisemail,orTwitter,orFacebook.“WhatI’mstrugglingwith,”hewrites,“istheencroachmentofthebuzz,thesensethatthere’ssomethingouttherethatmeritsmyattention.”

Ithinkmostofushavethissensetoday,ifwearehonest.Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother.Toread,youneedtoslowdown.Youneedmentalsilenceexceptforthewords.That’sgettinghardertofind.

No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb,andtheywillhavetowrenchmyTwitterfeedfrommycolddeadhands.Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.

Intheageoftheinternet,physicalpaperbooksareatechnologyweneedmore,notless.Inthe1950s,thenovelistHermanHessewrote:“Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.Wehavenotyetquitereachedthepointwhereyoungcompetitors,suchasradio,cinema,etc,havetakenoverthefunctionsfromthebookitcan’taffordtolose.”

31.BymentioningtheworkofGarySteynghart,theauthorintendsto________.

32.Themostsignificantreasonforthefallingsalesofpaperbooksisthat________.

33.Accordingtoparagraph3,wecaninferthat________.

34.Theexplanationoftheword“wired”probablyindicatesthat________.

35.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreeon?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocatetheideathatreadingphysicalpaperbooksisoutoffashion

B.introduceabrandnewelectronicproductevenmoreomnivorousthaniPhone

C.provethatbookswillbeoutweighedbyrealityshowsandporninthefuture

D.indicatethatbooksareleftoutinfictionsdescribingthefutureworld

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.electronicbooksaretakingovermoreandmoremarketshareofpaperbooks

B.people’mindsdon’thavethespaceforreadingduetoallkindsoftemptation

C.bookstoresareoutofbusinessaspeopleprefertoborrowingbooksfromthelibrary

D.peoplethinkthingsontheInternetaremoreworthyoftheirattention

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleareinclinedtotakereadingforgranted

B.people’mindsareencroachedbytheInternet

C.it’shardtoconcentrateonreadingnowadays

D.DavidUlin’sbookgivesreadersastrangefeeling

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplealwaysmisunderstandthefunctionsofinternet

B.Internetispartlyresponsibleforthevanishingofpaperbooks

C.peoplecalltheinternet“wiredworld”forareason

D.Internetwilltakeoverthefunctionsofpaperbooks

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Truereaderscanmaintainreadinginallkindsofenvironment,includingnoisyone.

B.TheInternetshouldbestrictlycondemnedforendangeringphysicalpaperbooks.

C.Physicalpaperbooksarefacingextremedangerofbeingreplacedbyotherthings.

D.Readingbooksisn’tinaccordancewiththeincreasingneedforentertainment.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt…Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovel…describesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.（在20世紀(jì)，所有關(guān)于未來(lái)的可怕小說(shuō)都想象書(shū)會(huì)被燒毀……只舉一個(gè)例子，GarySteynghart的小說(shuō)……描述了一個(gè)世界，在這里每個(gè)人都沉迷于電子設(shè)備——一個(gè)更無(wú)所不包的蘋(píng)果手機(jī)，里面有閃爍的購(gòu)物車(chē)、真人秀和色情——不知怎么的，人們開(kāi)始認(rèn)為剩下的幾本沒(méi)讀過(guò)的紙書(shū)散發(fā)一股臭味。）可知在第一段中作者主要想表達(dá)在描述未來(lái)的書(shū)中不會(huì)有書(shū)的位置，所以D選項(xiàng)“表明在描述未來(lái)世界的小說(shuō)中沒(méi)有書(shū)”正確，沒(méi)有說(shuō)到真人秀等事物和書(shū)籍的關(guān)系，故C選項(xiàng)“證明書(shū)籍在未來(lái)將被真人秀和色情所取代”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“提倡閱讀紙質(zhì)書(shū)已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)的觀點(diǎn)”和B選項(xiàng)“推出一款比iPhone更雜項(xiàng)的全新電子產(chǎn)品”：文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

32.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.（最重要的是，它所占據(jù)的精神空間正在被我們周?chē)鷶?shù)以千計(jì)的大規(guī)模毀滅性武器所侵蝕。），可知紙質(zhì)書(shū)銷(xiāo)量下降主要是因?yàn)樽x者的思想被其他的東西占據(jù)，所以B選項(xiàng)“由于各種各樣的誘惑，人們的思維沒(méi)有空間來(lái)閱讀”正確。A選項(xiàng)“電子圖書(shū)正在占領(lǐng)越來(lái)越多的市場(chǎng)份額的紙質(zhì)書(shū)”：根據(jù)第二段第二句It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.（它正在被電子書(shū)啃噬。），可知文中有提到，但這不是主要原因，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“書(shū)店因?yàn)槿藗兏矚g從圖書(shū)館借書(shū)而歇業(yè)”：根據(jù)第二段第三句It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.（它受到書(shū)店和圖書(shū)館落寞的沖擊。），可知書(shū)店和圖書(shū)館沒(méi)有直接聯(lián)系，也不是主要原因，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“人們認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的東西更值得他們關(guān)注”：文章沒(méi)有提及，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.（這很難承認(rèn)，但我們都能感覺(jué)到：閱讀書(shū)籍正變得越來(lái)越困難。），接著在第三段第一句thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling（評(píng)論家DavidUlin承認(rèn)他有一種奇怪的感覺(jué)），這種感覺(jué)就是couldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread（再也無(wú)法在自己內(nèi)心找到閱讀所必需的安靜），綜合來(lái)看，C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在很難集中精力讀書(shū)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們傾向于視閱讀理所當(dāng)然”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating（在他的一生中，他把閱讀當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然的飲食），這是David的想法，而不是人們普遍的想法，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“人們的思想被互聯(lián)網(wǎng)侵占”：這在之前就提到，也不是這一段表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“DavidUlin的書(shū)給讀者一種奇怪的感覺(jué)”不符合文章內(nèi)容，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

34.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第三、四句Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.（喜愛(ài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)不會(huì)變成不合時(shí)宜地對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的繁榮進(jìn)行痛斥。但這就是“wired”這個(gè)詞既表示“連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，又表示“興奮、瘋狂、無(wú)法集中注意力”的原因。），這里的無(wú)法集中注意力指的是不能靜下來(lái)讀書(shū)，所以這里表達(dá)的是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓人不像以前那樣讀書(shū)多了，B選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)紙質(zhì)書(shū)的消失負(fù)有部分責(zé)任”正確，人們不會(huì)因?yàn)槠渌蚨饣ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)本身，所以A選項(xiàng)“人們總是誤解互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的功能”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“人們稱(chēng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為‘連線(xiàn)世界’是有原因的”：不是這里要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，并且這是對(duì)原文的重述，不屬于推斷，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將取代紙質(zhì)書(shū)的功能”：文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

35.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章提到的越來(lái)越多的誘惑讓人不能集中注意力來(lái)看書(shū)，人們的思維空間被其他的東西占滿(mǎn)而騰不出空間看書(shū)，可知C選項(xiàng)“紙質(zhì)書(shū)正面臨被其他東西取代的極端危險(xiǎn)”符合文章意思，所以正確。A選項(xiàng)“真正的閱讀者可以在各種環(huán)境中保持閱讀，包括嘈雜的環(huán)境”：根據(jù)第四段Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother…That’sgettinghardertofind.（如果你在房間的另一邊用筆記本電腦砰砰地讀一本書(shū)，這就像你在一個(gè)派對(duì)上看書(shū)，每個(gè)人都在互相大喊大叫……這越來(lái)越難找了）文章說(shuō)到因?yàn)檎T惑太多越來(lái)越難集中注意力讀書(shū)，沒(méi)有說(shuō)到真正的閱讀者是怎樣的，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)該被嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)危害紙質(zhì)書(shū)”：根據(jù)第五段No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb…Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.（不，別誤會(huì)我。我熱愛(ài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)……這不會(huì)變成不合時(shí)宜地對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的繁榮的痛斥。），可知作者不認(rèn)為要譴責(zé)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“閱讀書(shū)籍不符合日益增長(zhǎng)的娛樂(lè)需求”：根據(jù)第六段第二句Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.（新發(fā)明越能滿(mǎn)足娛樂(lè)和主流教育的需求，書(shū)就越能恢復(fù)其地位和權(quán)威。），可知娛樂(lè)得到滿(mǎn)足對(duì)書(shū)籍發(fā)展有利，與文章意思不符，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Modernliberalopinionissensitivetoproblemsofrestrictionoffreedomandabuseofpower.Indeed,manyholdthatamancanbeinjuredonlybyviolatinghiswill,butthisviewismuchtoonarrow.Itfailstorecognizethegreatdangersweshallfaceintheusesofbiomedicaltechnologythatstemfromanexcessoffreedom,fromtheunrestrainedexerciseofwill.Inmyview,ourgreatestproblemswillbevoluntaryself-degradation,orwillingdehumanization,astheunintendedyetofteninescapableconsequenceofsternlyandsuccessfullypursuingourhumanizationgoals.

Certaindesiresandperfectedmedicaltechnologieshavealreadyhadsomedehumanizingconsequences.Improvedmethodsofresuscitation(復(fù)蘇)effortstosavetheseverelyillandinjured.Yettheseeffortsaresometimesonlypartlysuccessful.Theysucceedinrescuingindividualsbutthoseindividualsmayhaveseverebraindamageandbecapableofonlyaless-than-human,vegetatingexistence.Suchpatientsfoundwithincreasingfrequencyintheintensivecareunitsofuniversityhospitals,havebeendeniedadeathwithdignity.Familiesareforcedtosufferseeingtheirbelovedonessoreducedandaremadetobeartheburdenofaprolonged“deathwatch”.

Eventheordinarymethodsoftreatingdiseaseandprolonginglifehavechangedthecontextinwhichmendie.Fewerandfewerpeopledieinthefamiliarsurroundingsofhomeorinthecompanyoffamilyandfriends.Atthattimeoflifewhenthereisperhapsthegreatestneedforhumanwarmthandcomfort,thedyingpatientiskeptcompanybycardiacpacemakersanddefibrillators,respiratorsaspirators,oxygenators,cathetersandhisintravenousdrip.Tiestothecommunityofmenarereplacedbyattachmentstoanassemblageofmachines.

Thisloneliness,however,isnotconfinedtothedyingpatientinthehospitalbed.Considertheincreasingnumberofoldpeoplestillalivethankstomedicalprogress.Asagroup,theelderlyarethemostalienatedmembersofoursociety.Notyetreadyfortheworldofthedead,notdeemedfitfortheworldoftheliving,theyareshuntedaside.Moreandmoreofthemspendfortheextrayearsmedicinehasgiventhemin“homesforseniorcitizens”,inhospitalsforchronicdiseases,andinnursinghome—waitingfortheend.Wehavelearnedhowtoincreasetheiryears,butwehavenotlearnedhowtohelpthemenjoytheirdays.Yetwecontinuetobravelyandsternlypushbackthefrontieragainstdeath.

1.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,biomedicaltechnology（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtoparagraph2?

4.Bysaying“theyareshuntedaside”(lines3,para.4),theauthormeans（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theproblemofrestrictionoffreedom.

B.Thepossibledehumanizingconsequenceofmedicaltechnology.

C.Thedevelopmentofbiomedicaltechnology.

D.Thesignificanceofprolonginghuman’slife.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.resultsinanexcessiveuseoffreedoms

B.bringslittlebenefitstohumanbeings

C.shouldnotbeappliedinmedicaltreatment

D.mightcausegravenegativeconsequencesinitsapplication

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Improvedmedicaltechnologycansaveextremelyseverepatient.

B.Somepatients,thoughsaved,cannolongerleadanormalhumanlife.

C.Familiesoftensufferwhensomepatientsmaintainavegetatingexistence.

D.Toapatient,survivalisalwaysbetterthandeath.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareallsenttohomesforseniorcitizens

B.theyarecompletelyisolatedfromtheoutsideworld

C.theyaretreatedwithextremeindifference

D.theyareshutfromtheirfamilies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭說(shuō)到ourgreatestproblemswillbevoluntaryself-degradation,orwillingdehumanization（我們最大的問(wèn)題將是自愿的自我退化，或自愿的非人性化），接下來(lái)介紹了醫(yī)療技術(shù)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的一些非人性化后果，可知文章的主題是醫(yī)療技術(shù)造成的非人性化。因此B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)療技術(shù)可能造成的非人性化后果”最符合文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“限制自由的問(wèn)題”，文章提到這些危險(xiǎn)源于過(guò)度的自由，可知不是限制自由的問(wèn)題，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展”只說(shuō)了技術(shù)發(fā)展的一方面，沒(méi)有說(shuō)它帶來(lái)的后果，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“延長(zhǎng)人類(lèi)生命的意義”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第三句Itfailstorecognizethegreatdangersweshallfaceintheusesofbiomedicaltechnology（它沒(méi)有意識(shí)到我們?cè)谑褂蒙镝t(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)時(shí)將面臨的巨大危險(xiǎn)），說(shuō)明生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)可能在使用中產(chǎn)生危險(xiǎn)的后果。因此D選項(xiàng)“可能在其應(yīng)用中造成嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面后果”正確。A選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了對(duì)自由的過(guò)度使用”，由thatstemfromanexcessoffreedom（這些危險(xiǎn)源于過(guò)度的自由）可知是過(guò)度的自由導(dǎo)致了生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)帶來(lái)危害，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人類(lèi)幾乎沒(méi)有好處”，文章說(shuō)到它們成功地拯救了一些個(gè)體，可知還是有一定好處的，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“不適用于醫(yī)療”，文中介紹了生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)在醫(yī)療上的應(yīng)用，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“severepatient”可以定位到第二段第二句Improvedmethodsofresuscitationeffortstosavetheseverelyillandinjured…Theysucceedinrescuingindividuals（改進(jìn)的復(fù)蘇方法努力挽救重癥病人和重傷患者……它們成功地拯救了一些個(gè)體），說(shuō)明改進(jìn)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)可以挽救一些重癥病人，所以A選項(xiàng)“改進(jìn)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)可以挽救極其嚴(yán)重的病人”表述正確。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“normalhumanlife”可以定位到文章第二段第四句Theysucceedinrescuingindividualsbutthoseindividualsmayhaveseverebraindamageandbecapableofonlyaless-than-human,vegetatingexistence.（它們成功地拯救了一些個(gè)體，但這些個(gè)體可能有嚴(yán)重的腦損傷，只能過(guò)一種不像人類(lèi)那樣的植物人生活。），說(shuō)明有些病人雖然能得救，但不能過(guò)上正常人的生活，所以B選項(xiàng)“有些病人雖然得救了，但不能再過(guò)正常人的生活了”表述正確。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“Families”可以定位到第二段第六句Familiesareforcedtosufferseeingtheirbelovedonessoreduced（家人被迫忍受他們心愛(ài)的人如此墮落的痛苦），說(shuō)明病人家屬們看到病人過(guò)著植物人的生活會(huì)感到很痛苦，所以C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一些病人維持著植物人的生活時(shí)，他們的家人常常會(huì)感到痛苦?！北硎稣_。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)病人來(lái)說(shuō)，活下來(lái)總是比死亡好”在第二段中沒(méi)有提及，所以本題選D選項(xiàng)。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“theyareshuntedaside”可以定位到文章第四段第四句N(xiāo)otyetreadyfortheworldofthedead,notdeemedfitfortheworldoftheliving,theyareshuntedaside.（還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)入死人的世界，也沒(méi)有被認(rèn)為適合活人的世界，他們就被分流到一邊。），前一句說(shuō)到Asagroup,theelderlyarethemostalienatedmembersofoursociety.（老年人是我們社會(huì)中最受冷落的群體。），說(shuō)明老年人很不被重視。因此C選項(xiàng)“他們極度不受重視”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們都被送到了老人之家”，由文章可知有些老人還被送到了慢性病醫(yī)院、養(yǎng)老院等地，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們完全與外部世界隔離”，D選項(xiàng)“他們被家人拒之門(mén)外”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.單選題

Headmittedthathewas___cocaineandcouldn’tgethimselfoutofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.condemned

B.committed

C.addicted

D.abandoned

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.condemned判了死刑的B.committed盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)信的；堅(jiān)定的

C.addicted入了迷的；上了癮的

D.abandoned被離棄的；被遺棄的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句中couldn’tgethimselfoutofit，這里的it指的是and前面的cocaine“可卡因”，句意為不能擺脫可卡因。因?yàn)槭怯蒩nd連接兩個(gè)句子，兩個(gè)句子表并列關(guān)系，綜合理解and前面的句子表示他對(duì)可卡因上癮。選C.addicted，形成固定搭配beaddictedto，對(duì)……上癮。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系

【句意】他承認(rèn)他對(duì)可卡因上癮，而且戒不掉。

4.單選題

Excellentelementaryschools,openattitudestowardnewtechnology,premiumsforinventions,andageniusforcreativethinkinginteractwitheachotherontheUSmainlandandproducetheAmericancharacteristic,（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emanation

B.emulsion

C.emulation

D.emancipation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)emanation“發(fā)出，散發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)emulsion“乳劑；乳液”；C選項(xiàng)emulation“仿真；效仿；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；D選項(xiàng)emancipation“解放；釋放”。句意：在美國(guó)本土，優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育、對(duì)新技術(shù)的開(kāi)放態(tài)度、對(duì)發(fā)明的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，以及空間思維天賦相互作用，造就了美國(guó)人的特征——競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas（）totheissueathand.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.invalid

D.irrelevant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)irrational“不合理的，無(wú)理性的”；B選項(xiàng)unreasonable“不合理的，不切實(shí)際的”；C選項(xiàng)invalid“無(wú)效的，有病的”；D選項(xiàng)irrelevant“不相干的，不切題的”。句意：法官裁定該證據(jù)不可采信，因?yàn)樗c手頭的問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.

Theauthorsofthe34-sectionacthavemadeaseriousefforttopreventmisuseofthedataandtoprotectgenedonors’rightsandprivacy.Participationintheprojectisstrictlyvoluntary,onthebasisofinformedconsent.Itwillbeillegaltoaskanyoneifheorsheisparticipatinginthefreeprogram.Peoplewon’tbepaidforprovidingatissuesample,medical,andfamilyhistorytotheEstonianGeneBank.Thatinformationisimmediatelygiven“auniquecodeconsistingofatleast16randomcharacters”.GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”

Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.

Donorsareentitledtotheirowngeneticdata,atnocharge,asaretheirdesignatedphysicians.Nooneelsehaslawfulaccesstothisinformation.Indeed,itisunlawfultoask—andtheactcontainsspecificparagraphsthatforbidemployersandinsurancecompaniestogathersuchinformation,ortotreat“peoplewithdifferentgeneticrisks”differentlyasemployeesorinsuranceclients.Geneticinformationmaybereleasedtoresearchers“onlyincodedform,asasetofdataandontheconditionthattissuesamplesordataconcerningatleastfivegenedonorsareissuedatatime.”

SupportersoftheprojectexpectthattheEstonianGeneBankwillbecomeafavoritesourceofinformationforresearchersassociatedwithbiotechnologyandpharmaceuticalcompaniesthatareexpectedtopayhandsomelyforaccesstothedecoded(andanonymous)information.SomefirmsareexpectedtosetupshopinEstonia,presumablyinorneartheUniversityCityofTartuwheremostEstoniangeneticistsliveandwork.Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.

Noteverybodysharesthatview.Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.Theserangefromthesimplistic“Ifit’ssuchagreatidea,howcometheFrenchandGermansaren’tdoingitalready?”toargumentsthatthestart-upmoneycouldbespentonbetterthings.Somecommentatorsarealsoconcernedaboutprivacy.Informationinthedatabankcouldbeusedforblackmailandisthereadatabankintheworldthatistrulysecurefromhackers?Andwhataboutleaks?Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.Estonia’sscandalshavebeenlessluridthanthoseofotherstates,buttherehavebeenenoughtoengenderconsiderablecynicism,notjustaboutleakeddata,butalsoaboutpayoffswherelucrativecontractsareinvolved.

16.Thesaying“Thedevilisinthedetails”isusedtoimplythat________.

17.UnderEstonianlaw,donorsmayrequesttohavetheirtissuesamplesdestroyed________.

18.Thephrase“putEstoniaonthemap”(para.5)mostlikelymeans________.

19.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat,inregardtothenewgeneticdatabank________.

20.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsEstonia’snewlawsgoverningthegeneticdatabankseemstobe________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Estonia’snewgeneticdatabankhasimmoralimplications

B.whiletheoverallideaisgood,thedetailsofthegeneticbank’sworkingsareflawed

C.despitetheirefforts,thenewlawsmaynotpreventmisuseofgeneticdata

D.itisinherentlywrongtocollectgeneticdata

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.atanytime

B.iftheirsecretcodehasbeendecoded

C.iftheiridentityhasbeenrevealedillegally

D.withtheirphysician’sapproval

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.gaininternationalfamefortheEstoniangovernment

B.confirmEstonia’spost-Sovietindependence

C.gainrespectforgeneticsresearchconductedinEstonia

D.bringglobalrecognitiontothislittle-knowncountry

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.publicpollingwasmostlikelycorrupt

B.mostEstoniansapproveofit

C.onlylesseducatedcitizensareobjectingtothenewlaws

D.Estoniansaresharplydividedontheissue

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ambivalence

B.caution

C.approval

D.skepticism

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.（正如一句老話(huà)所說(shuō)，細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗?；蛘?，在愛(ài)沙尼亞建立國(guó)家基因數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的新法律中，人們有理由擔(dān)心魔鬼可能會(huì)參與該國(guó)《人類(lèi)基因研究法》的實(shí)際運(yùn)作。），第一句話(huà)的重點(diǎn)是細(xì)節(jié)，按照兩句話(huà)的先后順序，推理出作者想要表達(dá)基因數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存在細(xì)節(jié)上的缺陷，B選項(xiàng)“雖然總體想法是好的，但基因數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的工作細(xì)節(jié)是有缺陷的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“愛(ài)沙尼亞新的基因數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)有不道德的成分”，C選項(xiàng)“盡管他們做出了努力，新的法律可能不會(huì)防止基因數(shù)據(jù)的濫用”和D選項(xiàng)“收集基因數(shù)據(jù)本身就是錯(cuò)誤的”不是這里表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.（如果他們的身份被非法泄露，他們的樣本材料也可能被銷(xiāo)毀。），可知組織樣本被銷(xiāo)毀的條件是C選項(xiàng)“如果他們的身份被非法揭露”。A選項(xiàng)“隨時(shí)”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”（遺傳和醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)成為并仍然是愛(ài)沙尼亞基因庫(kù)的財(cái)產(chǎn)，但個(gè)人捐助者有權(quán)“在任何時(shí)候”要求“銷(xiāo)毀可解碼的數(shù)據(jù)”。），可知任何時(shí)候可以銷(xiāo)毀的是可解碼的數(shù)據(jù)，而非樣本，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如果他們的密碼被破譯”和D選項(xiàng)“得到他們的醫(yī)生的批準(zhǔn)”文章沒(méi)有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.（這個(gè)項(xiàng)目有望“讓愛(ài)沙尼亞在地圖上嶄露頭角”，并為這個(gè)剛剛獨(dú)立、自然資源貧乏的國(guó)家?guī)?lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的巨大財(cái)富。），可知愛(ài)沙尼亞獨(dú)立不久，需要國(guó)際社會(huì)的認(rèn)可，這是一個(gè)國(guó)家在國(guó)際社會(huì)上基礎(chǔ)的需求，D選項(xiàng)“為這個(gè)鮮為人知的國(guó)家?guī)?lái)全球認(rèn)可”正確，A選項(xiàng)“為愛(ài)沙尼亞政府贏得國(guó)際聲譽(yù)”是在被認(rèn)可的基礎(chǔ)上更進(jìn)一步的需求，屬于過(guò)度推斷。B選項(xiàng)“確認(rèn)愛(ài)沙尼亞在后蘇聯(lián)時(shí)代的獨(dú)立”：愛(ài)沙尼亞已經(jīng)獨(dú)立了，不需要通過(guò)其他方式證明。C選項(xiàng)“在愛(ài)沙尼亞進(jìn)行的遺傳學(xué)研究獲得了尊重”：不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第二句Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.（不管民調(diào)結(jié)果如何，愛(ài)沙尼亞語(yǔ)報(bào)紙上刊登了許多反對(duì)意見(jiàn)。），句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，表明前面想要表達(dá)大多數(shù)人贊成，B選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)愛(ài)沙尼亞人贊成”正確。A選項(xiàng)“公眾投票很可能是墮落的”：根據(jù)第六段倒數(shù)第二句Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.（對(duì)墮落的指控是后蘇聯(lián)獨(dú)立國(guó)家公共生活的一個(gè)事實(shí)。），這里指的是公共生活墮落的大背景，而非投票這件事，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“只有教育程度較低的公民反對(duì)新法律”：文中沒(méi)有提到教育程度不同的人對(duì)此的看法，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“愛(ài)沙尼亞人在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上有尖銳的分歧”：不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)尖銳，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者首先客觀地講述這項(xiàng)立法的細(xì)則，再分別表達(dá)支持者和反對(duì)者的觀點(diǎn)，而沒(méi)有直接表達(dá)自己對(duì)此的看法，所以B選項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎”正確，A選項(xiàng)“矛盾”，C選項(xiàng)“贊同”和D選項(xiàng)“懷疑”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

Adynamicviewseestheplusesofchangeaswellastheminuses.Anditappreciateshownew,unforeseentechnologiesorsocialchangescansolvecurrentproblems.Bycontrast,theenvironmentalmovementhasbeenbuiltoncrisis

Contrarytothedoomsayers,bothpastantipresent,peoplehaveaknackforinnovatingtheirwayoutof"crises"iftheyhaveboththepermissionandtheincentivetodoso.

Wefindthatpeopledevelopedpetroleumaswhaleoilbecamescarce,thatfarmersturnedtodripirrigationaswaterpricesrose,andthatdriversboughtfuel-efficientcarswhengaspriceswentup.

Toalargedegree,greenideologyisnotaboutfacts.Itisaboutvalues,andtheenvironmentmovementisaboutenforcingthosevaluesthroughpoliticalaction.—“

Greenpolitics，’’writeBritishgreensJonathanPorrittandDavidWinner,“demandsawhollynew

ethicinwhichviolent,plunderinghumankindabandonsitsdestructiveways,recognizesitsdependenceonPlanetEarth,andstartslivingonamoreequalfootingwiththerestofnature

Thedangerliesnotonlyintheoddmaverick(—意孤行者)pollutingfactory，industry，ortechnology,butinthefundamentalnatureofoureconomicsystems.Itisindustrialismitself——asuper-ideology,embracedbythecapitalistWestwhichthreatensus.

【答案】（1）動(dòng)態(tài)的觀點(diǎn)既能看到變化的好處，也能看到變化的壞處。它還贊賞新技術(shù)或不可預(yù)見(jiàn)的社會(huì)變革如何能夠解決當(dāng)前的問(wèn)題。

（2）我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)鯨油變得匱乏時(shí)，人們開(kāi)發(fā)了石油；當(dāng)水價(jià)上漲時(shí)，農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)而采用了滴灌；當(dāng)油價(jià)上漲時(shí)，司機(jī)們紛紛購(gòu)買(mǎi)了節(jié)能車(chē)。

（3）在很大程度上，綠色觀念是與事實(shí)無(wú)關(guān)的，而是關(guān)于價(jià)值觀的。而環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)則是通過(guò)政治行動(dòng)實(shí)施這些價(jià)值觀。

（4）“綠色政治”，綠色行動(dòng)者JonathanPorritt和DavidWinner寫(xiě)道，“需要一套全新的道德觀。在這種道德觀的指導(dǎo)下，殘忍掠奪成性的人類(lèi)可以放棄破壞性的方式，認(rèn)識(shí)到自己對(duì)地球的依賴(lài)，開(kāi)始和其他生物平等共處……”

（5）危險(xiǎn)不僅僅來(lái)自于一意孤行污染環(huán)境的工廠、工業(yè)或技術(shù)，還來(lái)自于我們經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的基本性質(zhì)。

8.單選題

We’dbetter（

）thewholeplaceincaseit’sbeenbugged.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.leavealone

B.checkout

C.takedown

D.pulldown

【答案】B

【解析】leavealone不管,不打擾；checkout檢查；takedown拿下,記下；pulldown推翻,摧毀。句意:我們最好把整個(gè)地方都檢查一下,以防被安了竊聽(tīng)器。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Incourt,theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent,sayingthathehadbeen（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.betrayed

B.deceived

C.framed

D.defrauded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)betray“背叛，出賣(mài)，泄露”；B選項(xiàng)deceive“欺詐，欺騙”；C選項(xiàng)frame“誣陷，陷害，擬定”；D選項(xiàng)defraud“騙取，詐取（……的錢(qián)財(cái)）”。由theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent（被告聲稱(chēng)他是無(wú)辜的）可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：在法庭上，被告聲稱(chēng)他是無(wú)辜的，說(shuō)他是被陷害的。

10.單選題

Foranationofpetlovers,Britainconductsasurprisingnumberofexperimentsonanimalssome3mayear.Americaappearstousefeweranimals—just1.1mayear,accordingtoofficialstatistics—butthatisanillusion.UnlikeBritain'sgovernment,America'sdoesnotthinkratsandmiceworthcounting.JapanandChinahaveevenlesscomprehensivedatathanAmerica,andanimalsusedinresearchinthosetwocountriesarenotprotectedtothesameextentthattheyareintheWest.Evenso,academiccenterssupportingalternativestoanimaltestinghaveemergedinbothplacesinrecentyears.InJulyChinaissueditsfirstsetofguidelinesgoverningtheuseofanimalsinresearch.

Inanidealworld,therewouldbenoanimaltesting.Itisexpensiveandcanbeofdubiousscientificvalue,sincedifferentspeciesoftenreactdifferentlytothesameprocedure.Thatiswhymanyresearchersareworkingonwaysofreducingthenumberofanimalexperimentsneededandofmakingthosethatstillhappenmoreeffective.However,thetransitionisprovingeasierforsometypesofexperimentthanforothers,asagroupofresearchersinthefielddiscussedatthesixthWorldCongressonAlternativesandAnimalUseintheLifeSciences,heldlastweekinTokyo.

Themostimportantmessagefromthecongresswasthatthingsaregoingintherightdirection.Thenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentshasfallenbyhalfinthepast30years,atleastinthosecountriesthatrecordsuchthings.Therehasalsobeenashiftinthesortofanimalused.Mostofthoseemployedtodayarerodentsratherthandogs,cats,rabbitsandmonkeys.(Thatpublicopiniongenerallywelcomesthisis,however,agoodexampleof"cutist"prejudiceforonespeciesoveranother:thereisnoreasontobelievethatrodentssufferlessthanothermammals.)Also,oftheexperimentsthatarestillconducted,themajorityarenowconcernedwithdevelopingandtestingmedicineratherthan,say,checkinghowtoxiccosmeticsare.Ofthe11manimalsinvolvedeachyearinexperimentsthathavetobereportedtotheEuropeanCommission,about45%areusedformedicalandveterinarypurposesandanother35%forbasicbiomedicalresearch.

1.Whichofthefollowingis"anillusion"?

2.Manyresearchersarecurrentlytryingto______.

3.Thecutistprejudiceprobablyreferstothefactthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.BritainprotectsanimalsusedinresearchbetterthanJapanandChina.

B.Chinahasissuedguidelinesgoverningtheuseofanimalsinresearch.

C.JapanhaslesscomprehensivedataonanimaltestingthanAmerica.

D.AmericaconductsfewerexperimentsonanimalsthanBritain.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.useanimalsinvolvedinresearchmoreeffectively

B.slowdownthetransitionforsomeexperiments

C.challengethescientificvalueofanimaltesting

D.raisethecostofusinganyanimalsinresearch

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.petanimalsarethoughttosuffermoreinexperiments

B.rodentsarebelievedtoreactinthesamewaywithhumans

C.testingmedicineissupposedtodomoreharmthantestingcosmetics

D.whatsortofanimalstouseisreckonedmorecrucialthanwhethertousethem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下面哪個(gè)是“錯(cuò)覺(jué)”？根據(jù)“anillusion”定位到文章第一段第二句“Americaappearstousefeweranimals—just1.1mayear,accordingtoofficialstatistics—butthatisanillusion”，說(shuō)明美國(guó)用動(dòng)物做的試驗(yàn)似乎少一些是錯(cuò)覺(jué)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：