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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Operationswhichleftpatients(

)andinneedoflongperiodsofdiscoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.

問題1選項

A.exhausted

B.unhealthy

C.upset

D.fearful

【答案】A

【解析】句意:以前,病人手術(shù)后精疲力竭,需長時間才能恢復(fù),現(xiàn)在的手術(shù)卻讓他們感到輕松和舒適。

形容詞辨析。Exhausted精疲力竭的;unhealthy不健康的;upset苦惱的;fearful擔(dān)心的,可怕的。因此A符合句意。

2.單選題

Arecentpollshowsthat,while81percentofcollegestudentsareeligibleforsomeformoffinancialaid,only63percentofthesestudentsare___suchaid.

問題1選項

A.complainingabout

B.recipientsof

C.dissatisfiedwith

D.turneddownfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項complainingabout“投訴;對……抱怨”;B選項recipientsof“……的收件人;……的獲得者”;C選項dissatisfiedwith“對……不滿意”;D選項turneddownfor“為……減小,關(guān)小,調(diào)低/拒絕”。句意:最近的一項民意調(diào)查顯示,81%的大學(xué)生有資格獲得某種形式的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助,而這些學(xué)生中只有63%的人___這種援助。本句表示“只有63%的學(xué)生是這些援助的獲得者(只有63%的學(xué)生獲得這些援助)”。因此B選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics-thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy-fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan’tyetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofaforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin______.

2.Theword“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans______.

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan______.

4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso______.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare______.

問題1選項

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

D.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

問題2選項

A.programs

B.experts

C.devices

D.creatures

問題3選項

A.fulfildelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

B.interactwithhumanbeingverbally

C.havealittlecommonsense

D.respondindependentlytoachangingworld

問題4選項

A.makeafewdecisionsforthemselves

B.dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention

C.improvefactoryenvironment

D.cultivatehumancreativity

問題5選項

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

C.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

D.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“人類的聰明才智最初是在……”。第一段第一句Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.(自人類有了聰明才智以來,人們設(shè)計出了越來越精巧的工具來應(yīng)付危險、無聊、繁重或純粹是骯臟的工作)可推斷,人類的聰明才智最初是設(shè)計工具來解決困難危險的工作。A項“使用機(jī)器來創(chuàng)作科幻小說”,第一段最后一句Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.(如果科學(xué)家們還沒有實現(xiàn)在機(jī)械上創(chuàng)造科幻小說,那么他們也已經(jīng)很接近這個目標(biāo)了)可以知道,機(jī)器創(chuàng)造小說還沒有實現(xiàn),所以不選;B項“機(jī)器在制造業(yè)中的廣泛使用”,這屬于人類的聰明才智,但不是最初的,不符合題意所以不選;D項“精英們巧妙地處理危險而無聊的工作”,“精英”一詞沒有在文中提及,所以不選;C項“發(fā)明用于困難和危險工作的工具”符合題意,因此C項正確。

2.【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第二段第一行的詞語gizmos最有可能是什么意思?”A選項“課程、規(guī)劃”,B選項“專家”,C選項“設(shè)備”,D選項“生物”。看到第二段第一行themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.(現(xiàn)代世界越來越多地充斥著智能的裝置,我們幾乎注意不到它們的存在,但它們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了大量人類勞動),推斷gizmos是一種節(jié)省人類勞動力的裝置;另外后面描述到了工廠的機(jī)械臂,銀行自助柜臺,列車上的機(jī)器人司機(jī)等為人類節(jié)省了大量的勞動力。因此選項C正確。

3.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“設(shè)計出一個什么機(jī)器人能……現(xiàn)在是超出人類能力范圍?”。第三段最后一句DaveLavery說wecan’tyetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld(我們現(xiàn)在還沒法設(shè)計出能有足夠的常識去應(yīng)付一個動態(tài)世界的機(jī)器人)可知,D項“獨立應(yīng)對變化的世界”正確。A項“完成精細(xì)的任務(wù),如進(jìn)行腦部手術(shù)”在第二段提到過,人類為了節(jié)省勞動力制造出很多智能設(shè)備,因此此項不選;B項“用言語與人類互動”這一項在文中沒有提到,因此不選;C項“有一點常識”干擾項,人類制造具有足夠常識的機(jī)器人目的是為了應(yīng)對多變的世界,有一點常識不是人類制造該機(jī)器人的目的,所以不選。因此該題D項正確。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“除了節(jié)省勞動力以外,機(jī)器人還可以……”。第三段第二句DaveLavery說whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror(我們知道如何告訴機(jī)器人去處理一個特定的錯誤),以及第五段第二句提到theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.(他們已經(jīng)制造出在可控的工廠環(huán)境中能以不到一毫米的精確度識別機(jī)器面板上的誤差的機(jī)器人),由此可知機(jī)器人除了節(jié)省勞動力以外還可以處理一些錯誤。A項“自己做決定”,第三段第一句提到Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewith…tomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge(但是如果機(jī)器人要達(dá)到節(jié)省人工的下一個階段,它們將必須在更少的人力監(jiān)督之下工作,而且還要能夠自己做出至少幾個決定——這些目標(biāo)引發(fā)真正的挑戰(zhàn))可知,讓機(jī)器人自己做決定還只是一個挑戰(zhàn),并沒有實現(xiàn),所以此項錯誤;C項“改善工廠環(huán)境”,文中沒有提到機(jī)器人可以改善環(huán)境,所以不選;D項“培養(yǎng)人類創(chuàng)造力”文中也沒提到。因此該題B項正確。

5.【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者使用猴子的例子來論證機(jī)器人是……”。最后一段第一句提到thehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated(人類大腦中大約1000億個神經(jīng)細(xì)胞比之前想象的更有天賦,人類的感知也比之前想象的更復(fù)雜)可知,機(jī)器人與人類大腦相比,機(jī)器人的智能和感知能力還相差甚遠(yuǎn),因為人類可以在瞬間識別出猴子的面孔而機(jī)器人做不到。A項“有望復(fù)制人類大腦的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)”,最后一句提到ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability(地球上最先進(jìn)的計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)都無法達(dá)到這種能力)可知機(jī)器人要做到復(fù)制人類大腦還做不到,此項錯誤;B項“能夠立即感知到異常情況”,最后一段作者用猴子的例子是來證明人類大腦的感知能力比機(jī)器人更快,因此此項不選;D項“最好在受控環(huán)境中使用”,文中只是提到機(jī)器人可以在可控的環(huán)境中識別出精確的誤差,沒有建議在受控環(huán)境中使用,所以此項不選。故該題C項正確。

4.單選題

Thegreatuseofschooleducationisnotsomuchtoteachyouthings(

)toteachyoutheartoflearning.

問題1選項

A.than

B.ratherthan

C.nor

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定用法。Notsomuch…as表示“不是······而是······”。句意:學(xué)校教育的重大作用不是教給你什么而是教給你學(xué)習(xí)的方法。選項D符合題意。

5.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

Beginninginthelate1960s,agrowingnumberofwomenexpressedastrongdissatisfactionwithanymarriagearrangementwherethehusbandandhiscareerweretheprimaryconsiderationsinthemarriage.

(1)Bytheendofthe1970s,forexample,considerablylessthanhalfofthewomeninoursocietystillbelievedthattheyshouldputtheirhusbandsandchildrenaheadoftheirowncareers.Inthe2000s,mostwomenintheUnitedStatesbelievethattheyshouldbeequalpartnersintheirmarriagesandthattheirhusbandsshouldhaveequalresponsibilityforchildcareandhouseholdchores.

(2)Inanequal-partnershipmarriage,thewifepursuesa

full-timejoborcareerwhichhasequalorgreaterimportancetoherhusband’s,whilethelong-standingdivisionoflaborbetweenhusbandandwifecomestoanend.Thehusbandisnolongerthemainprovideroffamilyincome,andthewifenolongerhasthemainresponsibilitiesforhouseholddutiesandraisingchildren.Husbandandwifeshareallthesedutiesequally.Poweroverfamilydecisionsisalsosharedequally.

(3)TherealityoflifeinthepresentworldisthatalthoughmostAmericanwomennowhaveanequalsayinthedecisionaffectingthefamily,theysometimesearnlessthanmenforsamework.Also,mostwomenarestillspendingmoretimetakingcareofthechildren,cooking,andcleaningthantheirhusbandsare.Manywomenareresentfulbecausetheyfeelliketheyhavetwofull-timejobs-theoneatworkandtheoneathome.Inthe1980swomenweretoldtheycould“haveitall”--fast-trackcareer,husband,children,andacleanhouse.Now,somewomenarefindingthatlifestyleexhaustingandunrewarding.(4)

Someyoungwomenarenowchoosingtostayathomeuntiltheirchildrenstartschool,butmanyotherswhowouldliketocannotaffordtodoso.Jugglingtwocareersandfamilyresponsibilitiescanbeasdifficultformenasitisforwomen,especiallyifthereistrulyanequaldivisionofduties.Americanfathersareoftenseendroppingthekidsoffatthebabysitter’sortakingasickchildtothedoctor.(5)

Somebusinessesarerecognizingtheneedtoaccommodatefamilieswherebothparentswork,thustheymayopenadaycarecenterintheofficebuilding,offerfatherspaternityleavetostayhomewiththeirnewbabiesorhaveflexibleworkinghours.Unfortunately,thesebenefitsarenotyetavailabletoall.Whileyoungcouplesstrivetoachieveequalityintheircareers,theirmarriages,andtheirparenting,societyatlargestilllacksmanyofthestructuresthatareneededtosupportthem.

【答案】1.例如,到20世紀(jì)70年代末,我們社會中仍有相當(dāng)少的婦女認(rèn)為她們應(yīng)該把丈夫和孩子放在自己事業(yè)的前面。

2.在一個平等伙伴關(guān)系的婚姻中,妻子所從事的全職工作或事業(yè)與丈夫的工作或事業(yè)是同等或更重要的,而丈夫與妻子之間的勞動分配也結(jié)束了。

3.當(dāng)今世界的現(xiàn)實生活是,盡管大多數(shù)美國婦女現(xiàn)在在影響家庭的決定上有平等的發(fā)言權(quán),但她們有時因同樣的工作而掙得比男人少。

4.如今,一些年輕女性選擇待在家里,直到孩子上學(xué),但許多其他愿意這樣做的人卻負(fù)擔(dān)不起。

5.一些企業(yè)認(rèn)識到需要去幫助那些父母都上班的家庭,因此,他們可能在辦公大樓里開設(shè)日托中心,為父親們提供陪產(chǎn)假以便在家里陪伴其新出生的嬰兒或有彈性工作時間。

6.單選題

Onlineschools,which()theneedsofdifferentpeople,haveemergedasanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative.

問題1選項

A.consentto

B.stirup

C.switchon

D.caterto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項consentto“同意;答應(yīng);贊成”;B選項stirup“激起;煽動;攪拌;喚起”;C選項switchon“接通,開啟”;D選項caterto“迎合;為……服務(wù)”。句意:滿足不同人群需求的網(wǎng)上學(xué)校已經(jīng)成為一種日益流行的教育方式。由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞“theneedsof……的需求”可知“迎合”符合句意,因此D選項正確。

7.單選題

Inanycommercialtransactionaconsumermusthaveconfidencethatthebusinesswhoseproducttheyareabouttopurchaseisreliableandthattheproductbeingofferedisworththepricethatispaid.Theimportanceingainingandmaintainingisespeciallytruewhentheconsumerandbusinessdonotsharecommonalitiesofgeography,cultureand/orlegalframework.Thebestcompaniesalwaysunderstandthisexpectationandcontinuallystrivetoexceedit.Othercompanies-includingmanyneweronlinemerchantsmayhavegoodintentions,butlacktheskillsorexperiencetoturntheconsumer’sexpectationintoareality.Afewcompanieswillintentionallyseektoexploitthisconsumer'sexpectation.

Howtoseparatethesecompaniesinavirtualworldisnotalwayseasy,andhasbeenthesubjectofintensivediscussionbyconsumergroups,businessesandgovernments.Moreover,policingthecompaniesinthevirtualmarketplaceisperceivedtoadauntingchallenge.Thesediscussionshavegenerallyfocusedonthreekeyideas.

CodesofConductforOn-lineBusiness:Individualcorporations,businessassociationsand/orgovernmentsaroundtheworldhaveworkedtodevelopCodesofConduct,Guidelines.Principles,orBestPractice,etc.foron-linebusinesses.TheydescribetheactionsthataCompanyshouldtaketoprotectaconsumer’srights.Theymaybeincludedonthecompany’swebsiteandaconsumercanreviewthembeforemakingapurchase.

Trademark:Toincreaseconsumer'sconfidencethatacompanywillactinaccordancewithacodeofconductorbestpractices,athirdparty"Tmstmark"isoftenused.Theconceptisthatbydisplaying"Trustmark'.Thecompanyrepresentsthatitissubjecttoexternaloversight.Thecompanywouldnotbeallowedtodisplaythethirdpartymarkifthecompany’sactionwereinconsistentwithwhatiscontainedinthe"CodeofConduct"orsimilardocument.Trustmark’saremostusefulwhentheyhavestrongbrandrecognitionandcredibilityamongcustomers.

DisputeResolution:Consumer'sconfidencereliesonthebeliefthatanydisputewillbesettledquicklyandfairlyeitherbythecompanydirectlyorthroughsomeothermeans.Inthebricksandmortarworldaconsumerusuallyhastheabilitytoinspectproductbeforepurchasingitandifitisdefective-returnitforarefund,repairorreplacement.Mostofcompaniesseethisformofdisputeresolutionastheirownbestinterestandanextensionoftheircustomerrelationprograms.Whilethesameholdstrueintheworldofon-linetransactions,thecriticaldifferenceisthataconsumercan'tinspecttheproductbeforepurchasing,andinsteadhastorelyonthemerchant'sphotosordescriptionsoftheproduct.Inboththetraditionalandon-lineworld,whendisputecannotberesolveddirectlybetweentheconsumerandthecompany,themerchantandtheconsumermustresorttoothermeans.Theseoftenincludeappealstoconsumerprotectionagencies,recoursetothecourts,oruseofalternativedisputeresolutionsystems.

1.Thetopicofthearticleis(

).

2.Whenthereexistdifferencesinculture,legalframeworkandgeographybetweenconsumersandbusinesses,whatappear(s)moreimportant?

3.Whatarethethreefocusesdiscussedandconsideredimportantinmarketplace?

4.InwhichcaseisTrustmarkmostinfluential?

5.Whatareotherwaystoresolvedisputesbesidesrefund,repairandreplacement?

問題1選項

A.meetingconsumer'sexpectationinthemarketplace

B.resolvingdispute

C.displayingTrustmark’s

D.settingcodesofconduct

問題2選項

A.Thebusiness'sreliability.

B.Thecompanies'understandingofconsumer'sexpectation.

C.Theproductsbeingworththepricebeingpaid

D.Gainingandmaintainingthatconfidence.

問題3選項

A.Confidence,goodintentionsandbestpractices.

B.Trustmark,rightusageandnewconcepts.

C.Codesofconduct,Trustmarkanddisputeresolution.

D.Cooperation,goodintensionsanddisputeresolution.

問題4選項

A.Whencompaniesarewellrecognizedandwellbelievedin.

B.Whencompanieshaveapowerfultrademark.

C.Whenacompany'sactionsareinconsistentwithitsCodesofConduct.

D.Whenmutualcredibilityexists.

問題5選項

A.Toresolvethedisputesbetweentheconsumerandthecompany.

B.Appealingtoconsumerprotectionagencies;resourcingtothecourts;orusingofalternativedisputeresolutionsystems.

C.Toresorttoothermeans.

D.Togotothemarketplace.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段中提出了consumer'sexpectation(消費者的需求),B、C、D選項是圍繞如何滿足市場消費者的需求展開論述的點,因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Theimportanceingainingandmaintainingisespeciallytruewhentheconsumerandbusinessdonotsharecommonalitiesofgeography,cultureand/orlegalframework.(當(dāng)消費者和企業(yè)不共享地理、文化和/或法律框架的共同點時,獲得和維持信心的重要性尤其正確)可知選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息“thethreefocuses”可定位至文章第二段中的最后一句話Thesediscussionshavegenerallyfocusedonthreekeyideas(這些討論一般集中在三個關(guān)鍵的想法上),由之后每一段的句首CodesofConductforOn-lineBusiness(網(wǎng)上業(yè)務(wù)行為守則);Trademark(商標(biāo));DisputeResolution(糾紛解決)可知選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Trustmark’saremostusefulwhentheyhavestrongbrandrecognitionandcredibilityamongcustomers.(當(dāng)Trustmark在客戶中具有很強(qiáng)的品牌知名度和可信度時,它是最有用的)可知A選項“當(dāng)公司得到廣泛的認(rèn)可和信任的時候”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Theseoftenincludeappealstoconsumerprotectionagencies,recoursetothecourts,oruseofalternativedisputeresolutionsystems.(這些措施通常包括向消費者保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)提出上訴、訴諸法院或使用其他爭端解決系統(tǒng))可知選B。

8.單選題

Helenwroteabookabouthowherfather()cancerbeforehesuccumbedtoit.

問題1選項

A.contendedfor

B.compliedwith

C.recoveredfrom

D.foughtagainst

【答案】D

【解析】句意:海倫寫了一本有關(guān)她的父親在死于癌癥之前如何與其作斗爭的書。

考查短語辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)短語的過去式。contendfor爭奪;complywith照做,遵守;recoverfrom復(fù)原,從…重新獲得;fightagainst對抗,反對,與……作斗爭。因此D符合句意。

9.單選題

13.

問題1選項

A.Intheschool.

B.Atschool.

C.Inthehospital.

D.Tothedorm.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Itseemstobeyoursourceofcomforttopraywhenyouareonyourownatnight.

W:Yes,itis.Idon’tknowwhatIwilldoifIdidn’thavefaith.

M:Iknowit’simportantforyoutobeabletopray.ThatiswhyIneedtofindawayforyoutosayyourprayersandyetbesuretheotherpatientsarenotawakened.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。對話中提到了patients,由此推斷對話發(fā)生在醫(yī)院。

10.單選題

TheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarketofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx,oncewidelyspokenontheIsleofManbutnowextinct.Governmentsfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope’sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.

Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince1404.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersoftheclub—Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales—abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.

TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionatelylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspent.Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers,itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope—onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.

NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurtonhavebeenaddednewiconssuchasCatherineZeta-Jones,themoviestar,andBrynTerfel,theoperasinger.Indigenousfoodslikesaltmarshlambareinvogue.AndWalesnowboastsanationalairline.AwyrCymru.Cymru,whichmeans“l(fā)andofcompatriots,”istheWelshnameforWales.Thereddragon,thenation’ssymbolsincethetimeofKingArthur,iseverywhere—onT-shirts,rugbyjerseysandevencellphonecovers.

“Untilveryrecenttimes,mostWelshpeoplehadthisfeelingofbeingsecond-classcitizens,”saidDyfanJones,an18-year-oldstudent.Itwasawarmsummernight,andIwassittingonthegrasswithagroupofyoungpeopleinLlanelli,anindustrialtowninthesouth,outsidetherockmusicvenueoftheNationalEisteddfod,Wales’sannualculturalfestival.ThedisusedfactoryinfrontofusechoedtothesoundsofnewWelshbands.

“Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence,”Dyfancontinued.EquallycomfortableinhisWelshnessasinhismembershipintheEnglish-speaking,globalyouthcultureandthenewfederalEurope,Dyfan,liketherestofhisgeneration,isgrowingupwithasenseofpossibilityunimaginabletenyearsago.“Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we’reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeantto______.

2.Theword“centrifugal”inthesecondparagraphmeans______.

3.WalesisdifferentfromScotlandinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT______.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleoftheresurgenceofWelshnationalidentity?

5.AccordingtoDyfanJoneswhathaschangedis______.

問題1選項

A.maintainthepresentstatusamongthenations

B.reducelegislativepowersofEngland

C.createabetterstateofequalityamongthenations

D.grantmoresaytoallthenationsintheunion

問題2選項

A.separatist

B.conventional

C.feudal

D.political

問題3選項

A.people’sdesirefordevolution

B.locals’turnoutforthevoting

C.powersofthelegislativebody

D.statusofthenationallanguage

問題4選項

A.Welshhaswitnessedarevivalasanationallanguage.

B.Poverty-relieffundshavecomefromtheEuropeanUnion.

C.AWelshnationalairlineiscurrentlyinoperation.

D.Thenationalsymbolhasbecomeafamiliarsight.

問題5選項

A.people’smentality

B.popculture

C.town’sappearance

D.possibilitiesforthepeople

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeantto______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章,權(quán)力下放主要是為了______。

A.maintainthepresentstatusamongthenationsA.維持目前在各國之間的地位

B.reducelegislativepowersofEnglandB.減少英格蘭的立法權(quán)

C.createabetterstateofequalityamongthenationsC.在國家之間創(chuàng)造一個更好的平等狀況

D.grantmoresaytoallthenationsintheunionD.給聯(lián)盟中所有的國家更多的發(fā)言權(quán)

【答案】C

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞devolution定位至第二段第三句“權(quán)力下放背后的理念是恢復(fù)組成聯(lián)合王國的各個國家之間的平衡(restorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom)”可知,權(quán)力下放的目的是為了維持各個國家之間的平衡,C項“在國家之間創(chuàng)造一個更好的平等狀況”表述符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“維持目前在各國之間的地位”,根據(jù)解題思路,由restore可推斷,成員國原來的關(guān)系已經(jīng)被破壞,所以該項屬于曲解原文;

B項“減少英格蘭的立法權(quán)”,由第二段最后一句“托尼˙布萊爾實施了從威斯敏斯特移交部分立法權(quán)的計劃,目的是給俱樂部的其他成員——蘇格蘭、北愛爾蘭和威爾士——更大的發(fā)言權(quán)……”可知,部分立法權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移旨在給其他成員更大的話語權(quán),該項與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;

D項“給聯(lián)盟中所有的國家更多的發(fā)言權(quán)”,由C項解題思路可知,原文只提到會賦予蘇格蘭、北愛爾蘭、威爾士更大發(fā)言權(quán),并非所有成員國,該項曲解原文。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Theword“centrifugal”inthesecondparagraphmeans______.2.第二段中的“centrifugal”的意思是______。

A.separatistA.分離主義者的

B.conventionalB.傳統(tǒng)的

C.feudalC.封建制度的

D.politicalD.政治的

【答案】A

【考查點】詞匯推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞centrifugal定位至第二段最后一句“托尼˙布萊爾實施了從威斯敏斯特移交部分立法權(quán)的計劃,目的是給俱樂部的其他成員——蘇格蘭、北愛爾蘭和威爾士——更大的發(fā)言權(quán),并且對抗似乎威脅到聯(lián)盟理念的centrifugal力量”,從中可知,要對抗這種會威脅到聯(lián)盟理念的力量,說明這種力量會分散成員國之間的聯(lián)合,所以推測centrifugal表示“分離的,分散的”,A選項“分離主義者的”詞義與之意思相近。因此,該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B項“傳統(tǒng)的”、C項“封建制度的”和D項“政治的”由解題思路可知,這三項屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項釋義】

3.WalesisdifferentfromScotlandinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT______.3.除了______,威爾士在以下方面都與蘇格蘭不同。

A.people’sdesirefordevolutionA.人民對權(quán)力下放的渴望

B.locals’turnoutforthevotingB.當(dāng)?shù)剡x民的投票率

C.powersofthelegislativebodyC.立法機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)力

D.statusofthenationallanguageD.國家語言的地位

【答案】D

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“威爾士語現(xiàn)在是歐洲最成功的地方語言之一,在這個國家的300萬人口中,有50多萬人講威爾士語”可知,雖然原文第一段提到了威爾士語言的成功性,但是文中并沒有提到蘇格蘭語言的地位,這兩者沒有可比性,D項“國家語言的地位”屬于無中生有,符合題干。因此,該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】

A項“人民對權(quán)力下放的渴望”,根據(jù)第三段前兩句“威爾士人對權(quán)力下放并不熱心。蘇格蘭人以壓倒性優(yōu)勢投票支持成立議會,而威爾士議會的投票僅以不到1%的得票率勉強(qiáng)通過,投票率不到25%。”可知,這兩個國家人民對權(quán)利下放態(tài)度截然不同,該項符合原文,屬于反向干擾;

B項“當(dāng)?shù)剡x民的投票率”,根據(jù)A項解題思路可知,威爾士的投票率不到25%,而蘇格蘭卻以壓倒性的投票率支持成立議會,可見這兩個國家的選民投票率不同,該項屬于反向干擾;

C項“立法機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)力”,根據(jù)第三段第五句“與愛丁堡不同,威爾士不能制定法律”可知,愛丁堡屬于蘇格蘭,也就是說蘇格蘭和威爾士的立法機(jī)構(gòu)的制定法律的權(quán)力不同,該項也符合原文,屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項釋義】

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleoftheresurgenceofWelshnationalidentity?4.以下哪一項沒有被引用作為威爾士民族身份復(fù)蘇的例子?

A.Welshhaswitnessedarevivalasanationallanguage.A.威爾士語見證了它作為一種全國性語言的復(fù)興。

B.Poverty-relieffundshavecomefromtheEuropeanUnion.B.扶貧資金來自歐盟。

C.AWelshnationalairlineiscurrentlyinoperation.C.威爾士國家航空公司目前正在運(yùn)營。

D.Thenationalsymbolhasbecomeafamiliarsight.D.這個國家的象征已成為人們熟悉的景象。

【答案】B

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“與此同時,來自歐盟的近200萬美元贈款將用于解決貧困問題”可知,原文雖然提到威爾士從歐盟拿到將近200萬美元解決貧困問題,但并不表明它的民族身份得到復(fù)蘇,由此可判斷本題選擇B項“扶貧資金來自歐盟”。

【干擾項排除】

A項“威爾士語見證了它作為一種全國性語言的復(fù)興”,根據(jù)第二段第一句“這種語言的復(fù)興,尤其是在年輕人中,是席卷這個自豪的小國的民族身份復(fù)興的一部分”可知,語言的復(fù)興,是威爾士民族認(rèn)同感復(fù)興的一部分,該項符合原文,屬于反向干擾;

C項“威爾士國家航空公司目前正在運(yùn)營”,根據(jù)第四段第四句“威爾士現(xiàn)在擁有一家國家航空公司”,結(jié)合本段第一句提到“報紙和雜志上充斥著偉大的威爾士男人和女人的故事,提升了他們的自尊”可知,該項是提升威爾士人自尊的例子,符合原文,屬于反向干擾;

D項“這個國家的象征已成為人們熟悉的景象”,根據(jù)第四段最后一句“自亞瑟王時代以來,紅龍就一直是這個國家的象征,它無處不在,印在T恤、橄欖球運(yùn)動衫上,甚至手機(jī)外殼上”可知,威爾士的象征紅龍也變得隨處可見,該項符合原文,屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項釋義】

5.AccordingtoDyfanJoneswhathaschangedis______.5.根據(jù)DyfanJones的說法,改變的是______。

A.people’smentalityA.人們的心態(tài)

B.popcultureB.流行文化

C.town’sappearanceC.城市外貌

D.possibilitiesforthepeopleD.人民的可能性

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息whathaschanged可以定位至文章最后一段,第一句提到“缺乏自信幾乎是一種遺傳傾向”,可知,DyfanJones認(rèn)為威爾士人曾經(jīng)普遍缺乏自信;而最后一句提到“我們曾經(jīng)這樣想;我們什么都做不了,我們只是威爾士人;現(xiàn)在,我認(rèn)為這種情況正在改變”可知,DyfanJones認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在威爾士人的心態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化,所以改變的是人們的心態(tài),該題選擇A項“人們的心態(tài)”。

【干擾項排除】

B項“流行文化”和C項“城市外貌”在原文均未提及,屬于無中生有;

D項“人民的可能性”,根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“他的威爾士身份和他在英語、全球青年文化和新聯(lián)邦歐洲的成員身份一樣舒適,Dyfan像他的同齡人一樣,在一種十年前無法想象的可能性中成長”可知,現(xiàn)在的年輕人不再認(rèn)為自己只是什么也做不了的威爾士人,他們認(rèn)為自己有更多的可能性,也是說明人們的心態(tài)發(fā)生了變化,該項曲解原文。

11.翻譯題

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Thecompromiseallegeddistastefultothosewhoarereservedastotheworthofarbitrationisnotthe"honorific"type.Properly,itisthe"invidiouscompromise."Thismeansnotconsideringthemeritsofthematter,butrecognizingtheouterlimitsandsplittingthedifference.Thiswouldbeanimproperuseofanarbitrator'spowers.Whereitoccurs,arbitrationfails.

Anexamplemayservetodistinguishbetweenthedistasteful"invidiouscompromise"andtheseeming"honorificcompromise"thatmayariseinanarbitration.Theassumedmatterconcernsabuyer,whocontractedforcertaingoods,whichhereceived,butwhichhebelievesareinferiorfromtheorderedmerchandise.Hecanusethegoods,butbelievesthefullpriceshouldnotbepaid.Heopinesthatapriceallowanceofonedollarperunitshouldbemade.Themanufacturer-sellerdisputestheclaimofinferiority.Inanarbitrationhearingthearbitratormayfindtherewasadeficiency,butnottotheextentclaimed.Forreasonsofthefactspresented,hemayawarda50%perunitreduction,or50centsperunitallowance,inacompromise,thatisthe"invidiouscompromise",thedecisionwouldnotconside

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