考研考博-英語-南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Banknotesarenotusually（）intogoldnowadays.

問題1選項

A.inverted

B.revertible

C.convertible

D.diverting

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在的紙幣通常不能兌換成黃金。選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

Thepersonneloforgansofstatemustbe（）bythemasses.

問題1選項

A.stimulated

B.jeopardized

C.supervised

D.escorted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項stimulated“促進(jìn)；激發(fā)”；B選項jeopardized“危害；使受危困”；C選項supervised“監(jiān)督”；D選項escorted“護(hù)送”。句意：國家機(jī)構(gòu)的全體人員必須接受民眾的……。句中的施動者是themasses“民眾”，承受者是Thepersonneloforgansofstate“國家機(jī)構(gòu)的全體人員”，國家機(jī)構(gòu)的全體人員接受人民監(jiān)督是堅持執(zhí)政為民、堅持依法行政的重要保證。因此C選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Theemphasisonexaminationsisbyfarthe（）worstformofcompetitioninschools.

問題1選項

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible“可食用的”；fabulous“難以置信的；極好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根據(jù)句子意思可知此處應(yīng)該填一個形容詞，并且是表示貶義的形容詞來形容“強(qiáng)調(diào)考試”這種糟糕的競賽方式，分析四個選項，只有disproportionate最恰當(dāng)。句意：對考試的強(qiáng)調(diào)是目前學(xué)校里面最不合理……競賽方式。故正確答案為選項D。

4.單選題

Pleaserefrain（）smoking.

問題1選項

A.from

B.of

C.at

D.against

【答案】A

【解析】短語辨析。句意：請勿吸煙。Refrain和from搭配為固定短語，意為“制止，克制不做某事”，因此正確答案是A選項。

5.單選題

Wealthypeoplesometimesfeela（）tostealthingstheycaneasilyaffordtobuy.

問題1選項

A.priority

B.compulsion

C.privilege

D.repulsion

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。priority優(yōu)先；compulsion沖動；privilege特權(quán)；repulsion排斥，厭惡。句意：富人有時會有一種沖動，想要偷一些他們很容易買得起的東西。選項B符合原文。

6.單選題

Someresearchersfeelthatcertainpeoplehavenervoussystemsparticularly（

）tohot,drywinds.Theyarewhatwecallweathersensitivepeople.

問題1選項

A.subjective

B.subordinate

C.liable

D.vulnerable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。subjective主觀的，個人的；subordinate從屬的，次要的；liable有…傾向的，易…的；vulnerable易受…影響的。句意：一些研究人員意識到某些人的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)特別易受干燥的熱風(fēng)的影響，我們稱這些人為天氣敏感癥患者。由weathersensitivepeople可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與sensitive意思一致，具有“易受……影響的”意思，故答案D

7.單選題

Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thus,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen’s1861treatiseonAmazonswomen-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.

Startingfromthepremisethatmythologyandlegendpreserveatleastanucleusofhistoricalfact,Bachofenarguedthatwomenweredominantinmanyancientsocieties.HisworkwasbasedonacomprehensivesurveyofreferencesintheancientsourcestoAmazonianandothersocietieswithmatrilinealcustoms——societiesinwhichdescentandpropertyrightsaretracedthroughthefemaleline.SomesupportforhistheorycanbefoundinevidencesuchasthatdrawnfromHerodotus,theGreek“historian”ofthefifthcenturyB.C.，whospeaksofanAmazoniansociety,theSauromatae,wherethewomenhuntedandfoughtinwars.Awomaninthissocietywasnotallowedtomarryuntilshehadkilledapersoninbattle.

Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofarespectablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinaryGreekpractices.

Thus,Iwouldargue,thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAmazonswereusedasargumentsforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,inwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsociety.Bachofenwasthusmisledinhisrelianceonmythsforinformationaboutthestatusofwomen.Thesourcesthatwillprobablytellcontemporaryhistoriansmostaboutwomenintheancientworldaresuchsocialdocumentsasgravestones,wills,andmarriagecontracts.Studiesofsuchdocumentshavealreadybeguntoshowhowmistakenwearewhenwetrytoderiveourpictureoftheancientworldexclusivelyfromliterarysources,especiallymyths.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingarestatedbytheauthorasproblemsconnectedwiththesourcesforknowledgeofpremodernculturesEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingispresentedinthepassageasevidencesupportingtheauthor’sviewoftheancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprobablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreecetotheideaofasocietyruledbywomencouldbestbecharacterizedas（）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatthemainreasonforthepersistinginfluenceofBachofen’sworkisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.comparecompetingnewapproachestounderstandingtheroleofwomeninancientsocieties

B.investigatetheramifications（影響，后果）ofBachofen’stheoryaboutthedominanceofwomeninancientsocieties

C.explaintherapidlyincreasedinterestamonghistoriansindeterminingtheactualstatusofwomeninvarioussocieties

D.criticizethevalueofancientmythsindeterminingthestatusofwomeninancientsocieties

問題2選項

A.partialcompleteness

B.restrictedaccessibility

C.difficultyofinterpretation

D.limitedquantity

問題3選項

A.TherequirementthatSauromataewomenkillinbattlebeforemarrying.

B.Thefailureofhistorianstoverifythatwomenwereevergovernorsofancientsocieties.

C.TheclassingofAmazonswithgiantsandcentaurs.

D.Thewell-establishedunreliabilityofHerodotusasasourceofinformationaboutancientsocieties.

問題4選項

A.confusedanddismayed

B.waryandhostile

C.cynicalanddisinterested

D.curiousbutfearful

問題5選項

A.feministshaveshownlittleinterestinancientsocieties

B.Bachofen’sknowledgeofAmazoniancultureisunparalleled

C.reliableinformationabouttheancientworldisdifficulttoacquire

D.ancientsocietiesshowthebestevidenceofwomeninpositionsofpower

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要提到了由于前現(xiàn)代文化的許多可靠的資料難以獲得，所以巴霍芬關(guān)于亞馬遜女性統(tǒng)治社會的論文具有長期的參考性和影響力。第二段接著介紹了巴霍芬論文的核心，主要是介紹了亞馬遜女性統(tǒng)治社會的特點。第三段中作者展開討論，認(rèn)為有關(guān)于古代社會的這些最初記錄的資料或論文存在一些不合理性。最后一段提及了古希臘的男性記錄亞馬遜的女性統(tǒng)治社會的原因是具有教誨性的，并且提出單靠一些古代的文學(xué)資源或者資料，尤其是古代的神話，來獲得我們對古代社會的印象會具有一定的誤導(dǎo)性。可判斷出作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是批判了古代神話在研究并確定古代社會婦女地位問題中的價值。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“premoderncultures”定位到文章第一段“Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.”，可知盡管現(xiàn)代時期已經(jīng)取得了很多成就，但前現(xiàn)代文化被證明面臨著更多困難：來源在數(shù)量上受到限制；不完整性；難以理解并且經(jīng)常存在爭議?？膳袛喑鲎髡哧愂龅年P(guān)于前現(xiàn)代文化的知識來源的問題，包括資源來源的不完整性（partialcompleteness）、難以解讀性（difficultyofinterpretation）以及數(shù)量受限（limitedquantity），所以不包括restrictedaccessibility，故選項B符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“theancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons”定位到文章第三段“...ancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.”可知作者認(rèn)為古希臘對這種社會的描述，并不是要過多地去表現(xiàn)觀察到的歷史事實——真正的亞馬遜社會——而是要就婦女在其社會中的統(tǒng)治地位的預(yù)期后果提供一種道德教訓(xùn)。例如，亞馬遜人經(jīng)常被描述為等同于巨人族和人馬族，他們都是被希臘英雄殺死的敵人。而根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.”可判斷作者對于古希臘人對亞馬遜人的描述持有不贊同的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為其存在問題。所以下文利用亞馬遜人都是人馬族和半馬族的這種描述，表達(dá)其不合理性，與作者觀點相符，故選項C符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“probablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreece”定位到文章第四段“…thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.”可知，對于古希臘的男性來說，記錄亞馬遜人的目的是教誨性的，是為了告訴所有的希臘人：從傳統(tǒng)社會分離出去而形成的女性統(tǒng)治社會或團(tuán)體都是危險的，具有毀滅性?？膳袛喑龉畔ＥD的男性對于女性統(tǒng)治社會可能會有反應(yīng)是持有謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度的，并且會有抵觸敵對心理。選項B符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Bachofen’swork”定位到文章第一段“…premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thus,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen’s1861treatiseonAmazonswomen-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.”可知前現(xiàn)代文化存在許多問題和困難，如資料數(shù)量有限、殘缺不完整、難以理解等問題，這使得人們很難得到關(guān)于這些文化的信息或資料，所以一些早期的學(xué)術(shù)研究和著作在現(xiàn)今都未受到挑戰(zhàn)，具有長期性的影響力，Bachofen的論文和著作就是其中的典例之一?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為Bachofen的論文能夠長期具有影響力的原因是人們現(xiàn)今很難獲得關(guān)于古代社會的可靠信息或資料。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Allthestudentshaveto（

）totherulesandregulationsoftheschool.

問題1選項

A.confirm

B.confront

C.confine

D.conform

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。confirm證實，確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn)；confront面對，遭遇；confine限制，禁閉；conform遵從，順從，符合；conformto遵守。句意：所有學(xué)生必須遵守學(xué)校的規(guī)章制度。只有D項符合句意，答案D。

9.單選題

Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.Itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohaveagoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.Thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.

Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway.Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,Iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,oftheindividualsof-asingle-species.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcompriseourmindare（）.

2.Thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:（）

3.Abouthimself,theauthorstatesthat（）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

5.Accordingtotheauthortheabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis（）.

問題1選項

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

問題2選項

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

問題3選項

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherswassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseof,thegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmorethanaverageinanyway

問題4選項

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

問題5選項

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干及選項可定位到第二段"Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen."事實上，我常常希望我的思維能像別人一樣敏捷，我的想象力能像別人一樣精確而鮮明，我的記憶力能像別人一樣豐富而迅速。據(jù)此可知memory,imagination和thought是構(gòu)成思維的三大因素。故D項正確。

2.主旨大意題。由第一段"Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready."良好的判斷力是世界上最公平分配的東西，因為每個人都認(rèn)為自己擁有良好的判斷力，即使是那些在其他方面最難滿足的人，通常也不希望自己擁有更多的判斷力?？芍谝欢沃饕v述了世界上的每個人的判斷力都是平等的。A項“所有人在出生時都享有同等的善意”與原文不符；B項“偉大的靈魂能夠做出偉大的壞事”原文沒提到；C項“良好的判斷力，從它在人群中被分配的情況看，可以被叫做常識。”與第一段的主旨大意相符。D項“良好的判斷力是真正的好人的標(biāo)志”第一段沒有提到。故C項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到第二段第一句"Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway."就我而言，我從來沒有設(shè)想過自己的智力在任何方都比一般人更完美。”可知D項正確。ABC三項均與原文表述相反。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到第二段"forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts…"因為理性，或者說理智，就其本身而言，使我們成為人，使我們與禽獸區(qū)別開來。據(jù)此可知使人與禽獸有區(qū)別的是理性或理智，故D項正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到第一段"itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,"相反，它表明了正確判斷和區(qū)分真?zhèn)蔚哪芰?，也就是所謂的良好的感覺或理性，對于所有人來說天生就是平等的。故B項正確。

10.單選題

Afewyearsago,AnnandWalterTaylorthoughtitmightbetimetomoveoutoftheirNewYorkCityapartmenttothesuburbs.Theyhadoneyoungsonandanotherchildontheway.Butaftermonthsoflooking,theybecamediscouragedanddecidedtobuyanoldtownhouserightinthemiddleofBrooklyn,whichisapartofNewYorkCity.Totheirdelight,theydiscoveredthattheyweren'ttheonlyyoungcoupletohavemadesuchadecision.Infact,theentireareainBrooklynhadbeensettledbyyoungfamilies.Andasaresult,theneighborhood,whichhadbeendecliningforyears,wasnowbeingrestored.

Brooklynisn'ttheonlycityintheUnitedStatestoexperiencethiskindofrenewal.SoarePhiladelphiaandSt.Louis.AndCharleston,SouthCarolina,hassosuccessfullyrebuiltitsoldcentralareathatitnowranksasoneofAmerica'smostcharmingcities.TherestorationoftheoldportcityofSavannah,Georgia,isalsolivingproofthatdowntownareasdonotneedtodie.Butencouragingasthesedevelopmentsmaybe,theyareamongthefewbrightspotsinamassofdifficultiesthattoday'scitiesface.Indeed,theirwoesaresomanythatitisfairtoaskwhetherornottheinnercity,thecoreofmosturbanareaswillmanagetosurviveatall.

Inthe1940s,urbanAmericansbeganamassmovetothesuburbsinsearchoffreshair,Elbowroom,andprivacy.Suburbsbegantosprawloutacrossthecountryside.Sincemostofthosemakingthemoveweremiddle-class,theytookwiththemthetaxmoneythecitiesneededtomaintaintheneighborhoodsinwhichtheyhadlived.Thepeopleleftinthecitieswereoftenthosewhoweretoooldortoopoortomove.Thus,manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepair.Crimebegantosoar,andpublictransportationwasneglected.(InthepastsixtyyearsSanFranciscoistheonlycityintheUnitedStatestohavecompletedanewmasstransitsystem.)Meanwhile,housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorisehigherandhigher.Middle-classhousingwasallowedtodecay,andlittlenewhousingwasconstructed.

Eventually,manydowntownareasexistedforbusinessonly.Duringthedaytheywouldbefilledwithpeopleworkinginoffices,andatnighttheywouldbedeserted.Giventhesecircumstances,somebusinessexecutivesbeganasking,“Whybotherwithgoingdowntownatall?Whynotmovetheofficestothesuburbssothatwecanliveandworkinthesamearea?”Gradually,someofthelargercompaniesbeganmovingoutofthecities,withtheresultthaturbancentersdeclinedevenfurtherandsuburbsexpandedstillmore.ThismovementofbusinessestothesuburbsisnotconfinedtotheUnitedStates.BusinesseshavealsobeenmovingtothesuburbsinStockholm,Sweden,InBonn,Germany,andinBrussels,Belgium,aswell.

Butitmaywellbethatthismovementtothesuburbshasreacheditspeak.Somepeoplemaybetiredofspendinglonghourscommuting,andtheymayhavebeguntomisstheadvantagesofcultureandcompanionshipprovidedbycitylife.PerhapsthedecisionmadebyTaylorsisasignthatpeoplewillreturntothecitiesandbegintorestorethem.Itbeginstolookasifsuburbansprawlmaynothavebeentheanswertoman'sneedtocreateanidealenvironmentinwhichtoliveandwork.

1.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat（）.

2.Theword“elbowroom”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“（）”.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Whyhavebusinessesbeenmovingtosuburbs?

5.Manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepairinthe1940sbecause（）.

問題1選項

A.movingtosuburbsisnottheanswertoanidealenvironment

B.citiesarelikelytobereplacedbythesuburbs

C.downtownareasaretoocrowdedtolive

D.Americanpeoplemovealotinhistory

問題2選項

A.privatespace

B.roomtomovefreely

C.peacefulplaces

D.confinedroom

問題3選項

A.Therearejustoldandpoorpeopleleftinthecities.

B.Themovementtothesuburbsbeginstodecline.

C.Downtownareasmustdieinthefuture.

D.Suburbsaresuretoreplacecities.

問題4選項

A.Becausetheenvironmentispleasantinthesuburbs.

B.Becausethesuburbshavedevelopedrapidly.

C.Becauserichpeoplehavemovedtosuburbs.

D.Becausemanypeopleworkincitiesandliveinsuburbs.

問題5選項

A.housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorise

B.housingwasallowedtodecay

C.manypeoplemovedoutofthecities

D.onlyoldandpoorpeoplewereleftinthecities

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat______.1.本文作者認(rèn)為______。

A.movingtosuburbsisnottheanswertoanidealenvironmentA.搬到郊區(qū)并不是理想環(huán)境的答案

B.citiesarelikelytobereplacedbythesuburbsB.城市可能會被郊區(qū)所取代

C.downtownareasaretoocrowdedtoliveC.市中心太擁擠了，無法居住

D.AmericanpeoplemovealotinhistoryD.歷史上美國人經(jīng)常搬家

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】原文在第一段描述了一對夫婦搬家，經(jīng)過多番尋找，最終還是決定留在市區(qū)。事實上，還有許多家庭亦是如此。所以作者接著提到了市區(qū)重建，以前人們都向郊區(qū)遷移，但現(xiàn)在大家厭倦了長時間的通勤，開始懷念城市生活，這也是市區(qū)重建的原因。實際上從側(cè)面表明郊區(qū)已經(jīng)無法給人們帶來理想的生活環(huán)境，文章最后一句提出“似乎郊區(qū)擴(kuò)張并不能滿足人類創(chuàng)造理想生活和工作環(huán)境的需要”，所以A項“搬到郊區(qū)并不是理想環(huán)境的答案”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

B項“城市可能會被郊區(qū)所取代”，最后一段提到向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢很可能已經(jīng)達(dá)到了頂峰，所以人們可能將返回城市，因此城市不可能會被郊區(qū)取代，該項屬于反向干擾；

C項“市中心太擁擠了，無法居住”根據(jù)第三段第一句“美國城市居民為了尋找新鮮的空氣、舒適的空間和隱私，開始大規(guī)模遷往郊區(qū)”可知，人們遷往郊區(qū)的原因是尋找新鮮空氣和舒適的空間與隱私，該項屬于曲解原文；

D項“歷史上美國人經(jīng)常搬家”并沒有提到，該項屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Theword“elbowroom”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“______”.2.第三段中的“elbowroom”很可能是“______”的意思。

A.privatespaceA.私人空間

B.roomtomovefreelyB.自由活動的空間

C.peacefulplacesC.和平的地方

D.confinedroomD.密閉房間

【答案】B

【考查點】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第一句“20世紀(jì)40年代，美國城市居民開始大規(guī)模遷移到郊區(qū)，尋找新鮮空氣、elbowroom和私人空間”，由此可知，elbowroom應(yīng)該與新鮮空氣、私人空間一樣，都是城區(qū)沒有而郊區(qū)所擁有的東西，而elbow本身的含義是“肘部”，綜合理解可以推測，elbowroom指的是“能夠活動的空間”，所以B項“自由活動的空間”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“私人空間”與原文中的privacy重復(fù)，曲解原文；

C項“和平的地方”不是郊區(qū)所獨(dú)有的，也屬于曲解原文；

D項“有限的空間”顯然不是郊區(qū)的特點，所以不符合題干，屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項釋義】

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?3.下列哪一個陳述是正確的？

A.Therearejustoldandpoorpeopleleftinthecities.A.城市里只剩下老人和窮人。

B.Themovementtothesuburbsbeginstodecline.B.向郊區(qū)的遷移開始減少。

C.Downtownareasmustdieinthefuture.C.市中心在未來一定會消失。

D.Suburbsaresuretoreplacecities.D.郊區(qū)一定會取代城市。

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段第一句“但這種向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢很可能已經(jīng)達(dá)到了頂峰”可知，搬到郊區(qū)的這種遷移活動到達(dá)頂峰，也就是說這種活動開始要下降了，B項“向郊區(qū)的遷移開始減少”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“城市里只剩下老人和窮人”，根據(jù)第三段第四句“留在城市的人往往是那些太老或太窮而不能搬家的人”可知，城市里留下的大多是老人和窮人，而該項中的just表述太絕對，屬于曲解原文；

C項“市中心在未來一定會消失”根據(jù)第二段第四句“喬治亞州舊港口城市薩凡納的修復(fù)，很好地證明了市區(qū)不需要消亡”可知，該項屬于反向干擾；

D項“郊區(qū)一定會取代城市”根據(jù)最后一段第一句“但這種向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢很可能已經(jīng)達(dá)到了頂峰”和倒數(shù)第二句“也許泰勒的決定是一個信號，人們將返回城市，并開始重建它們”可知，該項屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項釋義】

4.Whyhavebusinessesbeenmovingtosuburbs?4.為什么企業(yè)紛紛遷往郊區(qū)？

A.Becausetheenvironmentispleasantinthesuburbs.A.因為郊區(qū)的環(huán)境很宜人。

B.Becausethesuburbshavedevelopedrapidly.B.因為郊區(qū)發(fā)展迅速。

C.Becauserichpeoplehavemovedtosuburbs.C.因為富人都搬到郊區(qū)去了。

D.Becausemanypeopleworkincitiesandliveinsuburbs.D.因為很多人在城市工作，住在郊區(qū)。

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“許多市區(qū)僅僅為了商業(yè)而存在。白天，房子里擠滿了辦公的人，到了晚上，里面就空無一人了?！笨芍@兩句說明人們白天在市區(qū)工作，晚上就回到了郊區(qū)生活?？紤]到這些情況，企業(yè)把辦公室搬到了郊區(qū)，這樣就可以在同一個地區(qū)生活和工作了。D項“因為很多人在城市工作，住在郊區(qū)”就是企業(yè)遷移到郊區(qū)的原因，符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“因為郊區(qū)的環(huán)境很宜人”是人們遷往郊區(qū)的原因，并不是企業(yè)搬到郊區(qū)的原因，該項張冠李戴；

B項“因為郊區(qū)發(fā)展迅速”和C項“因為富人都搬到郊區(qū)去了”沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

5.Manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepairinthe1940sbecause______.5.20世紀(jì)40年代，許多城市開始年久失修，原因是______。

A.housingconstructioncostscontinuedtoriseA.住房建設(shè)成本繼續(xù)上升

B.housingwasallowedtodecayB.房屋被放任自流

C.manypeoplemovedoutofthecitiesC.許多人搬離了城市

D.onlyoldandpoorpeoplewereleftinthecitiesD.城市里只剩下老人和窮人

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段三四五句“由于大多數(shù)搬來的人都是中產(chǎn)階級，他們帶走了城市維持他們曾經(jīng)居住的社區(qū)所需的稅收。留在城市的人往往是那些太老或太窮而不能搬家的人。因此，許多城市開始年久失修?！笨芍?，中產(chǎn)階級的人們搬到郊區(qū)的同時，帶走了城市用來維持社區(qū)的稅收，也就是說沒有錢來支撐城市社區(qū)的維護(hù)，所以城市開始年久失修。所以C項“許多人搬離了城市”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“住房建設(shè)成本繼續(xù)上升”和B項“房屋被放任自流”是人們遷往郊區(qū)給城市帶來的后果，并不是城市年久失修的原因，屬于出處錯位；

D項“城市里只剩下老人和窮人”表述太絕對，該項曲解原文。

11.單選題

Thesecretarydidn’tknowwhohewas,orshe（）himmorepolitely.

問題1選項

A.willbetreating

B.wouldhavetreated

C.wastreating

D.wouldhavebeentreated

【答案】B

【解析】句子是對過去發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行推測，所以應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，首先排除選項A和C；根據(jù)句意可知，主語是she，是動作的執(zhí)行者，所以為主動語態(tài)，選項B正確。

12.單選題

Foralltheburgeoningpopularityofcorporatesocialresponsibility—theartof“doingwellbydoinggood”—itsbenefitsremainunproven.Itiswellandgoodtosaythataglobalizingcompanyneedstotakeaccountofsocialproblemsinitsnewmarkets,orthatsocialresponsibilitywillbeitsownreward,inhappieremployees,lowerlegalcostsandimprovedproductivity.Butatheart,formanycompanies,corporatesocialresponsibilityisstilljustamatterofbranding.LookatMcDonald’sandtheBodyShop,forexample.Theformerisstillatargetofconsumerderisionandlawsuitsdespiteitsintroductionofhealthierfood.TheenvironmentallyfriendlyreputationoftheBodyShop,ontheotherhand,haslongoutpaceditsactualinvestmentineco-friendlyprocesses.

“BuildingReputationalCapital”byKevinJackson,aprofessoroflegalandethicalstudiesatFordhamUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatcorporationsneedtobesociallyresponsibletobuildtheir“reputationalcapital”,whichissimilartobutbiggerthan,anybrandtheymightmarket.Acompanywithlotsofsuchcapitalwillbeabletoattractbetteremployees,chargehigherprices,negotiatebetterdeals,andattractmoreinvestors.

Buthowmuchcontroldoesafirmactuallyexerciseoveritsownreputation?TheexamplesMr.Jacksongivesarenotentirelyencouraging.Nike,afavoritetargetofactivistsforitstreatmentofsweatshopworkers,appearsseveraltimes;butMr.JacksondoesnotelaborateonwhetheradropinitsreputationalcapitalcostsNikeanysales.Mr.Jacksondoescitestudiesshowingapositivecorrelationbetweenacommitmenttoanethicalbehaviorandperformance.Buthisexamplesdonotmakeaspowerfulacaseforthenecessityofcorporatesocialresponsibilityashewouldlike.

Indeed,afirmthatembarksonaplanofcorporatesocialresponsibilitymaybesettingitselfupforaworse,notabetter,reputation.Mr.JacksoncitestheexampleofH.B.FullerCompany,anAmericanadhesivesmanufacturerthathadbuiltupreputationalcapitalbydeclaringitsintentiontobeagoodcorporatecitizenandmakingphilanthropicdonations.Butitwasblamedwhenoneofitsproducts,Resistol,becamethedrugofchoiceforglue-sniffingchildreninCentralAmerica.Othercompetitorswhosegluesweresniffed,henotes,gotlittlecriticism.Onecanseehowacompanywithastrongcommitmenttocorporatesocialresponsibilitymightelicitthesamechargesofhypocrisy—andsimilarcompaniesmightthendecidethatcorporatesocialresponsibilitymightbemoretroublethanitsworth.

Anyonewhohasalreadyembracedtheideaofasociallyresponsiblecorporationmightwellfindthisbookuseful;itprovidesadecentframeworkforimplementingandjustifyingasociallyresponsiblestrategy.Buttherearemanywho,likeTheEconomist,questionwhethercorporationsshouldbeinvestinginsocialinitiativesatthepossibleexpenseofprofit.“BuildingReputationalCapital,”whilewell-writtenandserious,willnotconvincethemotherwise.

1.McDonald’sandtheBodyShoparecitedinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat____.

2.ProfessorKevinJacksonholdsthat____.

3.TheauthorconsiderstheexamplescitedbyJackson____.

4.Itisimpliedinthefourthparagraphthat____.

5.Thebesttitleofthepassageis____.

問題1選項

A.afamousbrandisnoguaranteethatitsproductsareofhighquality

B.healthierproductsareonlyillusionswhentheyharmproductivity

C.manyfirmsarenotreallyseriousabouttheirsocialresponsibility

D.socialresponsibilityhasneverbeenaconcernofthesereputedcorporations

問題2選項

A.commitmenttosocialresponsibilityisarewardingpractice

B.manycompanieshavedonelittleindevelopingeco-friendlyproducts

C.buildingthereputationalcapitaldoesnotcontributetoariseinsales

D.theeffortsatsocialresponsibilityoftenturnouttobemadeinvain

問題3選項

A.admirable

B.encouraging

C.unconvincing

D.deplorable

問題4選項

A.makingvoluntarydonationsisoftennotappreciatedbythesociety

B.reputationinsocialresponsibilitycanwellbeadisadvantage

C.assumingmoresocialresponsibilitycanmakeafirmwell-known

D.profit,ratherthansocialresponsibility,shouldbeacompany’sgoal

問題5選項

A.TheGoalofGlobalizingCorporations

B.TheBurdenofSocialResponsibility

C.TheNecessityofCorporateSocialResponsibility

D.CorporateProductivityandProfit-making

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

McDonald’sandtheBodyShoparecitedinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat____.第一段引用了麥當(dāng)勞和美體小鋪的例子來表明____。

A.afamousbrandisnoguaranteethatitspro