考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京工業(yè)大學(xué)浦江學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京工業(yè)大學(xué)浦江學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Grandmaalwayspaidattentiontotheneeds,wishesandfeelingsofthosearoundher.Shewasthemost（

）womanI’veeverknown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.artificial

B.merry

C.considerate

D.brilliant

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；considerate體貼的，考慮周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶總是關(guān)注身邊人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所認(rèn)識(shí)的最體貼的女人。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

2.單選題

Shedidn’tdoverywellwhenshefirstwenttoschool,butshehas___inthelasttwoyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cutthrough

B.forgedahead

C.cutdownon

D.forgedabout

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.cutthrough刺穿；抄近路走過(guò)B.forgedahead繼續(xù)進(jìn)行；取得進(jìn)展

C.cutdownon削減；減少D.forgedabout建立關(guān)于

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】But前句意為她剛進(jìn)學(xué)校時(shí)表現(xiàn)得不好，由于but表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以空格處的句子應(yīng)為在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)得好或者取得進(jìn)步。B選項(xiàng)forgedahead“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行；取得進(jìn)展”，滿(mǎn)足句子所需邏輯“取得進(jìn)步”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】她剛上學(xué)時(shí)成績(jī)不太好，但在過(guò)去兩年里她取得了進(jìn)步。

3.單選題

It’squiteobviousthattheagingpopulationinChinawillcause（

）heavypressureon（

）wholesocietyinthefuture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.a;a

B.the;/

C.a;the

D./;the

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠詞用法。第一個(gè)空格后是pressure“壓力”，為不可數(shù)名詞，句中并不特指“壓力”，因此無(wú)須使用冠詞；第二空后的是wholesociety“整個(gè)社會(huì)”，應(yīng)用定冠詞the。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Inthelightofthecurrentsituation,Ihavetoreviewmyplans.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Throwinglighton

B.Inlinewith

C.Inaccordancewith

D.Intermsof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)Throwinglighton“闡明”；B選項(xiàng)Inlinewith“符合”；C選項(xiàng)Inaccordancewith“依照”；D選項(xiàng)Intermsof“在……方面”。句意：鑒于目前的形勢(shì)，我得重新考慮我的計(jì)劃。劃線(xiàn)部分Inthelightof是根據(jù)、按照的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Iampreparedtomakesome（）onminordetails,butIcannotcompromiseonfundamentals.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confession

B.concession

C.concord

D.consent

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。confession“懺悔；告解”；concession“讓步；特許（權(quán)）”；concord“和諧；和睦；一致”；consent“準(zhǔn)許；同意”。句意：在一些細(xì)節(jié)上我準(zhǔn)備做出一些______，但是在原則上我不會(huì)妥協(xié)。根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Thisspaciousroomis（

）furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lightly

B.sparsely

C.hardly

D.rarely

【答案】B

【解析】副詞辨析。句意:寬敞的房間（

）擺著幾件家具。

Lightly輕輕地;sparsely稀疏地;hardly幾乎不,多用于否定句,故排除;rarely很少地,多用于修飾頻率;故選B。

7.單選題

Forsometimescientistshavebelievedthatcholesterol(膽固醇)playsamajorroleinheartdiseasebecausepeoplewithfamilialhypercholesterolemia,ageneticdefect,havesixtoeighttimesthenormallevelofcholesterolintheirbloodandtheyinvariablydevelopheartdisease.Thesepeoplelackcell-surfacereceptorsforlow-densitylipoproteins(LDL’s),whicharethefundamentalcarriersofbloodcholesteroltothebodycellsthatusecholesterol.Withoutanadequatenumberofcell-surfacereceptorstoremoveLDL’sfromtheblood,thecholesterol-carryingLDL’sremainintheblood,increasingbloodcholesterollevels.ScientistsalsonoticedthatpeoplewithfamilialhypercholesterolemiaappeartoproducemoreLDL’sthannormalindividuals.How,scientistswondered,couldageneticmutationthatcausesaslow-downintheremovalofLDL’sfromthebloodalsoresultinanincreaseinthesynthesisofthischolesterol-carryingprotein?

Sincescientistscouldnotexperimentonhumanbodytissue,theirknowledgeoffamilialhyper-cholesterolemiawasseverelylimited.However,abreakthroughcameinthelaboratoriesofYoshioWatanabeofKobeUniversityinJapanin1980.Watanabenoticedthatamalerabbitinhiscolonyhadtentimestothenormalconcentrationofcholesterolinitsblood.Byappropriatebreeding,Watanabeobtainedastrainofrabbitsthathadveryhighcholesterollevels.Theserabbitsspontaneouslydevelopedheartdisease.Tohissurprise,Watanabefurtherfoundthattherabbits,likehumanswithfamilialhypercholesterolemia,lackedLDLreceptors.This,scientistscouldstudytheseWatanaberabbitstogainabetterunderstandingoffamilialhypercholesterolemiainhumans.

PriortothebreakthroughatKobeUniversity,itwasknownthatLDL’saresecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor,calledverylow-densitylipoproteins(VLDLs),whichcarrytriglyceridesaswellasrelativelysmallamountsofcholesterol.ThetriglyceridesareremovedfromtheVLDL’sbyfattyandothertissues.Whatremainsisaremnantparticlethatmustberemovedfromtheblood.WhatscientistslearnedbystudyingtheWatanaberabbitsisthattheremovaloftheVLDLremnantrequirestheLDLreceptor.Normally,themajorityoftheVLDLremnantsgototheliverwheretheybindtoLDLreceptorsandaredegraded.IntheWatanaberabbit,duetoalackofLDLreceptorsonlivercells,theVLDLremnantsremaininthebloodandareeventuallyconvertedtoLDL’s.TheLDLreceptorsthushaveadualeffectincontrollingLDLlevels.TheyarenecessarytopreventoversynthesisofLDL’sfromVLDLremnantsandtheyarenecessaryforthenormalremovalofLDLfromtheblood.Withthisknowledge,scientistsarenowwellonthewaytowarddevelopingdrugsthatdramaticallylowercholesterollevelsinpeopleafflictedwithcertainformsoffamilialhypercholesterolemia.

54.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

55.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

56.ThepassageimpliesthatiftheWatanaberabbitshadhadasmanyLDLreceptorsontheirliversasdonormalrabbits,theWatanaberabbitswouldhavebeen______.

57.ThepassageimpliesthatWatanaberabbitsdifferfromnormalrabbitsinwhichofthefollowingways?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingahypothesisanddescribingcompellingevidenceinsupportofit

B.raisingaquestionanddescribinganimportantdiscoverythatledtoananswer

C.showingthatacertaingeneticallycauseddiseasecanbetreatedeffectivelywithdrugs

D.explainingwhatcausesthegeneticmutationthatleadstoheartdisease

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whichbodycellsaretheprimaryusersofcholesterol?

B.HowdidscientistsdiscoverthatLDL’saresecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor?

C.WhereinthebodyareVLDLremnantsdegraded?

D.WhyareLDLsecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor?

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.lesslikelythannormalrabbitstodevelopheartdisease

B.lesslikelythannormalrabbitstodevelophighconcentrationsofcholesterolintheirblood

C.lessusefulthantheyactuallyweretoscientistsinthestudyoffamilialhypercholesterolemiainhumans

D.unabletosecreteVLDLfromtheirlivers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.WatanaberabbitshavemoreLDLreceptorsthandonormalrabbits.

B.ThebloodofWatanaberabbitscontainsmoreVLDLremnantsthandocsthebloodofnormalrabbits.

C.Watanaberabbitshavefewerfattyissuesthandonormalrabbits.

D.WatanaberabbitssecretelowerlevelsofVLDL’sthandonormalrabbits.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】中心主旨題。題干意思是“在這篇文章中，作者主要關(guān)注……”。通讀全文可知，文章第一段先是提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題，即第一段最后一句How,scientistswondered,couldageneticmutationthatcausesaslow-downintheremovalofLDL’sfromthebloodalsoresultinanincreaseinthesynthesisofthischolesterol-carryingprotein?（科學(xué)家們想知道，一種導(dǎo)致血液中低密度脂蛋白清除速度減緩的基因突變，是如何導(dǎo)致這種攜帶膽固醇的蛋白質(zhì)的合成增加的呢？），接著作者就第一段的這個(gè)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)了論述，并詳細(xì)描述了能解決第一段提出的問(wèn)題的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以B項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題，并描述一個(gè)導(dǎo)致答案的重要發(fā)現(xiàn)”正確。A項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)假設(shè)，并描述有力的證據(jù)來(lái)支持它”中的hypothesis（假設(shè)）并不符合文意。C項(xiàng)“表明某種由基因引起的疾病可以用藥物有效治療”和D項(xiàng)“解釋導(dǎo)致心臟病的基因突變的原因”都只是其中的一部分內(nèi)容。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章提供信息來(lái)回答以下哪個(gè)問(wèn)題？”。文章最后一段詳細(xì)的描述了VLDL殘留物是如何產(chǎn)生以及肝臟是如何清除VLDL殘余物，第五句提到Normally,themajorityoftheVLDLremnantsgototheliverwheretheybindtoLDLreceptorsandaredegraded.（正常情況下，大多數(shù)VLDL殘?bào)w進(jìn)入肝臟，與LDL受體結(jié)合并被降解），所以文章提供信息回答了“VLDL殘留物在身體何處被降解”這個(gè)問(wèn)題，故C項(xiàng)“VLDL殘留物在身體的何處被降解？”正確。A項(xiàng)“哪些細(xì)胞是膽固醇的主要使用者？”、B項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)低密度脂蛋白以一種前體的形式從肝臟分泌出來(lái)的？”和D項(xiàng)“為什么LDL以前體的形式從肝臟分泌？”在文中都沒(méi)有相關(guān)信息解釋其原因。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章暗示，如果渡邊兔的肝臟中有和正常兔子一樣多的低密度脂蛋白受體，渡邊兔可能……”。最后一段中提到WhatscientistslearnedbystudyingtheWatanaberabbitsisthattheremovaloftheVLDLremnantrequirestheLDLreceptor…IntheWatanaberabbit,duetoalackofLDLreceptorsonlivercells,theVLDLremnantsremaininthebloodandareeventuallyconvertedtoLDL’s….Withthisknowledge,scientistsarenowwellonthewaytowarddevelopingdrugsthatdramaticallylowercholesterollevelsinpeopleafflictedwithcertainformsoffamilialhypercholesterolemia.（通過(guò)研究渡邊兔，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)清除VLDL殘余需要LDL受體……在渡邊兔體內(nèi)，由于肝細(xì)胞上缺乏低密度脂蛋白受體，VLDL殘留在血液中并最終轉(zhuǎn)化為低密度脂蛋白……有了這些知識(shí)，科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在正在開(kāi)發(fā)藥物，以顯著降低某些家族性高膽固醇血癥患者的膽固醇水平。），可知，渡邊兔因?yàn)槿狈DL受體所以它血液中的低密度脂蛋白會(huì)過(guò)多從而引起高膽固醇，這對(duì)科學(xué)研究有很大幫助，從而反推，如果渡邊兔的肝臟中有和正常兔子一樣多的低密度脂蛋白受體，那么它對(duì)科學(xué)研究來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)什么意義，所以C項(xiàng)“在科學(xué)家對(duì)人類(lèi)家族性高膽固醇血癥的研究中，它們實(shí)際上沒(méi)有那么有用”正確。A項(xiàng)“比正常兔子更不容易患心臟病”和B項(xiàng)“在它們的血液不太可能比正常的兔子發(fā)展高濃度的膽固醇”在文中沒(méi)有相關(guān)信息可以推斷。D項(xiàng)“無(wú)法從他們的肝臟分泌VLDL”，不管低密度脂蛋白受體的數(shù)量多少，肝臟都會(huì)分泌VLDL，所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題干意思是“這篇文章暗示渡邊兔在以下哪方面不同于正常的兔子？”。最后一段中提到Normally,themajorityoftheVLDLremnantsgototheliverwheretheybindtoLDLreceptorsandaredegraded.IntheWatanaberabbit,duetoalackofLDLreceptorsonlivercells,theVLDLremnantsremaininthebloodandareeventuallyconvertedtoLDL’s.（正常情況下，大多數(shù)VLDL殘?bào)w進(jìn)入肝臟，與LDL受體結(jié)合并被降解。在渡邊兔體內(nèi)，由于肝細(xì)胞上缺乏低密度脂蛋白受體，VLDL殘留在血液中并最終轉(zhuǎn)化為低密度脂蛋白。），可知渡邊兔由于缺乏低密度脂蛋白受體，所以不能降解VLDL，故VLDL殘留物會(huì)比正常兔子的多，B項(xiàng)“渡邊兔血液中VLDL殘留量比正常兔子血液多”正確。A項(xiàng)“渡邊兔比正常兔子有更多的LDL受體”，與文章表述相反，因此錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“渡邊兔的脂肪問(wèn)題比正常兔子少”和D項(xiàng)“渡邊兔分泌的VLDL水平比正常兔子低”在文中沒(méi)有對(duì)它們的脂肪和分泌的VLDL水平進(jìn)行比較。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Someteenagersharborageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which（

）themtherightsandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallythey-aremature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprives

B.restricts

C.rejects

D.denies

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deprive“剝奪”；restrict“限制”；reject“拒絕”；deny“否認(rèn)”。句意：雖然有些青少年身體已經(jīng)發(fā)育成熟，但由于社會(huì)否認(rèn)他們享受成人的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，他們對(duì)社會(huì)很不滿(mǎn)意。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans...what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid;thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman’sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

12.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.

13.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.

14.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.

15.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?作者支持下列哪一種說(shuō)法？

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.A.國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的可靠指標(biāo)。

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.B.人口增長(zhǎng)將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅。

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.C.繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長(zhǎng)。

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.D.自然資源的減少不利于人類(lèi)的福祉。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】本題要求選擇作者會(huì)贊同的一項(xiàng)，那么就要選擇符合原文的表述。原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對(duì)日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來(lái)越大的壓力，必然會(huì)不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity）”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為自然資源減少不利于繁榮。第4段最后一句提到“從這種角度來(lái)看，在這個(gè)背景下，增長(zhǎng)對(duì)地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，“這個(gè)角度或背景”指的是第3段的內(nèi)容，其中有一點(diǎn)提到“如果這意味著為了外國(guó)投資者和少數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)睾献髡叩睦娑鴦儕Z他們土地上的礦產(chǎn)和樹(shù)木資源（strippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasures）”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為，為外國(guó)投資者和少數(shù)人利益而大量開(kāi)采自然資源的發(fā)展是不利于增進(jìn)人民福祉的。綜上所述，作者應(yīng)該會(huì)贊同D選項(xiàng)“自然資源的減少不利于人類(lèi)的福祉”的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的可靠指標(biāo)”，可定位到原文第1段第2句，該句提到“國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值據(jù)說(shuō)（supposedly）是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)指標(biāo)”，根據(jù)其中“supposedly”提示，作者并不肯定這個(gè)指標(biāo)可靠，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于過(guò)度推理；

B選項(xiàng)“人口增長(zhǎng)將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅”，可定位到原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對(duì)日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來(lái)越大的壓力，必然會(huì)不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity），特別是再加上人口增長(zhǎng)的話(huà)（accompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation）?！庇纱丝芍摼涮岬浇?jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的兩個(gè)威脅：日益減少的自然資源和人口增長(zhǎng)，其中前者的影響更大，人口增長(zhǎng)并不是主要威脅。該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長(zhǎng)”，同樣可定位到原文第1段第3句，由該句可知，“人口增長(zhǎng)”是因，“繁榮衰落”是果，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，顛倒了因果。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.第2、3段暗示____。

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

A.經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴(lài)于持續(xù)的繁榮

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountriesB.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有加劇第三世界國(guó)家的貧困

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountriesC.富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)是以犧牲第三世界國(guó)家為代價(jià)的

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanismsD.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的各個(gè)階段不能被社會(huì)機(jī)制所取代或改變

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】本題需要掌握原文第2、3段的主旨大意。原文在第2段首句提出一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)“增長(zhǎng)（growth）對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行是必要的（isnecessary）”，然后舉第三世界國(guó)家的例子，在第2、3段提出了很多質(zhì)疑。在第2段提出“會(huì)不會(huì)是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，尤其是富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)（thegrowthofthewealthiercountries），導(dǎo)致了（hascontributed）第三世界國(guó)家的貧困，而不是進(jìn)步（theimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries）？”第3段首句說(shuō)“要弄清楚這是怎么回事（Toseehowthismightbethecase），我們必須著眼于這種增長(zhǎng)對(duì)第三世界國(guó)家的影響”，緊接著詳細(xì)介紹了這些影響：機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品供出口，而不是供當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi)（notforlocalconsumptionbutforexport）；為了外國(guó)資本的利益（thebenefitofforeigninvestors）剝削礦產(chǎn)和森林資源；沉重的外債（acrushingforeignindebtedness）等。綜上所述，這兩段表達(dá)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是，在第三世界國(guó)家，有些經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)完全是為了外國(guó)資本即富裕國(guó)家的利益，促進(jìn)了富裕國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，不僅沒(méi)有增加本國(guó)人民的福祉，反而導(dǎo)致了勞動(dòng)力資源的占用、自然資源的流失以及大量的外債。C選項(xiàng)“富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)是以犧牲第三世界國(guó)家為代價(jià)的”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴(lài)于持續(xù)的繁榮”，是第2段首句提出的背景信息，是作者要反駁的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有加劇第三世界國(guó)家的貧困”，與原文表述相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的各個(gè)階段不能被社會(huì)機(jī)制所取代或改變”，這兩段并沒(méi)有提及社會(huì)機(jī)制的問(wèn)題，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.關(guān)于第三世界國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，作者實(shí)際上說(shuō)的是____。

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromitA.這些國(guó)家的人民并沒(méi)有真正從中受益

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopmentB.投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossibleC.沉重的債務(wù)實(shí)際上使這些國(guó)家不可能進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintactD.這些國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無(wú)損

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由第12題的解析可知，第三世界國(guó)家的發(fā)展實(shí)際上服務(wù)于外國(guó)投資商，而本國(guó)人民并未從中受益；并且第4段最后一句說(shuō)到“這種增長(zhǎng)對(duì)地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，由此可知，這種增加，對(duì)于第三世界的人民來(lái)說(shuō)，不僅沒(méi)有受益反而有危害，A選項(xiàng)“這些國(guó)家的人民并沒(méi)有真正從中受益”是作者想表達(dá)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展”，原文并沒(méi)有提到投資不足，而是這些投資都是為了外國(guó)投資者和少數(shù)人的利益，并不是為了大眾的福祉，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“沉重的債務(wù)實(shí)際上使這些國(guó)家不可能進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)”，原文雖然提到了沉重的債務(wù)，且這些借來(lái)的錢(qián)沒(méi)有用于國(guó)家的發(fā)展，但是作者是為了說(shuō)明這種發(fā)展對(duì)第三世界國(guó)家沒(méi)有好處，并不是想說(shuō)阻礙了發(fā)展。何況，經(jīng)濟(jì)并沒(méi)有發(fā)展，更不存在進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了。該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理；

D選項(xiàng)“這些國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無(wú)損”，原文提到農(nóng)業(yè)，是為了說(shuō)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品都用于出口了，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)農(nóng)業(yè)不該機(jī)械化，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

14.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.作者似乎認(rèn)為繁榮____。

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowthA.只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowthB.能在沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativityC.是對(duì)人類(lèi)能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophesD.在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本文在第1段就質(zhì)疑了繁榮與增長(zhǎng)之間的關(guān)系，第一段最后一句提到“哪個(gè)是正確的（whichiscorrect）：增長(zhǎng)意味著繁榮，沒(méi)有增長(zhǎng)就意味著逆境，或者增長(zhǎng)意味著逆境，沒(méi)有增長(zhǎng)就意味著……什么？”由此可以推斷，作者不認(rèn)為繁榮與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間存在著必然的聯(lián)系。由第12題解析可知，作者在2-3段論述了“第三世界國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)就沒(méi)有給本國(guó)帶來(lái)繁榮”；第4段首句提到“這是一種過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化的說(shuō)法（anoversimplification），沒(méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家是完全適用的，有的國(guó)家甚至完全不適用”，即“增長(zhǎng)意味著繁榮”并不適用于所有國(guó)家；第5段首句提出疑問(wèn)“我們需要增長(zhǎng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎（doweneedgrowthforprosperity）？”而作者的回答是“只有采用零增長(zhǎng)才能提供答案（Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer）”。作者雖然沒(méi)有直接回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，但他給出的建議是試一試“零增長(zhǎng)”，再結(jié)合作者前文中認(rèn)為增長(zhǎng)并不意味著繁榮推斷，作者認(rèn)為繁榮在沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的情況下也有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。B選項(xiàng)“能在沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)”，表述錯(cuò)誤，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)不一定能帶來(lái)繁榮；

C選項(xiàng)“是對(duì)人類(lèi)能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)”，可定位到原文最后一段第2句，該句提到“現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)是令人難以置信的復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象，這是對(duì)人類(lèi)組織能力的贊揚(yáng)?！痹闹傅氖恰敖?jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)雜性是對(duì)人類(lèi)能力的贊揚(yáng)”，而非繁榮，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，可定位到原文最后一段最后一句，該句提到了“不采取行動(dòng)的話(huà)（thefailuretoactcouldmean），現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式可能會(huì)帶來(lái)威脅人類(lèi)生存的環(huán)境災(zāi)難（environmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence）”，并不是說(shuō)“繁榮在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

15.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.對(duì)于“我們需要增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”這個(gè)問(wèn)題，作者的答案是____。

A.positiveA.肯定的

B.negativeB.否定的

C.vagueC.模糊的

D.inconclusiveD.不確定的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】由第14題解析可得，作者認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮不需要經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，即作者對(duì)“我們需要增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”的答案是B選項(xiàng)negative“否定的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。（C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)意義一致，可以先排除。）

10.單選題

Heanticipated______muchpleasurefromthereadingofthatwell-soldbook.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toget

B.getting

C.tohavegot

D.havinggot

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的用法。anticipate作動(dòng)詞，表示“預(yù)期，預(yù)料，預(yù)見(jiàn)”，后面跟的賓語(yǔ)通常是名詞或者動(dòng)名詞，一般不接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，A、C兩項(xiàng)可排除；D項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，anticipate是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，D項(xiàng)不符合句子時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他期待著能從那本暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)中得到樂(lè)趣。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Fiveminutesearlier,（

）wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.or

B.but

C.and

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:早來(lái)五分鐘的話(huà),我們就能趕上末班車(chē)了。

連詞辨析。前后句意為順承關(guān)系。C項(xiàng)and為順承關(guān)系連詞。故選C。

12.單選題

PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.IncriticizingObamafortakingtoomuchtime,MikeRogers,theRepublicanchairmanoftheHouseIntelligenceCommittee,told“FoxNewsSunday”that“this‘don’t-do-stupid-stuff”policyisn’tworking.”Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?

First,experience.After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.Wewereinahurry,myselfincluded,tochangethingsafter9/11,andwhenyou’reinahurryyouignorecomplexitiesthatcomebacktohauntyoulater.

TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact,ala9/11,andrushoffagainwithoutastrategy.TheIslamicStateisawful,butitisnotathreattoAmerica’shomeland.

Second,thecontext.TodefeattheIslamicState,youhavetoaddressthecontextoutofwhichitemerged.AndthatisthethreecivilwarsragingintheArabworldtoday:thecivilwarwithinSunniIslambetweenradicaljihadistsandmoderatemainstreamSunniMuslimsandregimes;thecivilwaracrosstheregionbetweenSunnisfundedbySaudiArabiaandShiitesfundedbyIran;andthecivilwarbetweenSunnijihadistsandallotherminoritiesintheregion:Yazidis,Turkmen,Kurds,Christians,JewsandAlawites.

Whenyouhavearegionbesetbythatmanycivilwarsatonce,itmeansthereisnocenter,onlysides.Andwhenyouinterveneinthemiddleofaregionwithnocenter,youveryquicklybecomeaside.

TheIslamicStateemergedasanextremeexpressionofresentmentbyoneside:IraqiandSyrianSunniswhofeltcutoutofpowerandresourcesbythepro-IranianShiiteregimeinBaghdadandthepro-IranianAlawite/ShiiteregimeinDamascus.ThatiswhyObamakeepsinsistingthattheUnitedStates’militaryinterventionmustbeaccompanied,forstarters,byIraqisproducinganationalunitygovernment―ofmainstreamShiites,SunnisandKurds--soouruseofforcesupportspluralismandpower-sharing,notjustShiitepower.

Butpower-sharingdoesn’tcomeeasyinaregionwherekinshipandsectarianloyaltiesoverwhelmanysenseofsharedcitizenship.Withoutit,though,thedominantphilosophyiseither:“Iamstrong,whyshouldIcompromise?”or“Iamweak,howcanIcompromise?”SoanyonslaughtwemakeontheIslamicState,absentnationalunitygovernments,willhaveShiitessayingtheformerandSunnissayingthelatter.That’swhythisiscomplicated.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordsissynonymoustothehighlightedword“excoriated”inthefirstlineofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingstatementsareFALSEEXCEPT（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthewholepassage?

5.Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor’sattitudetowardsObama’spolicyontheIslamicStateaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excruciated

B.approbated

C.exfoliated

D.reprobated

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.MikeRogersdoesn’tthinkthatitisstupidthatObamadidn’ttakeactionstobombtheIslamicState.

B.GeorgeW.Bush’sapproachtodestroytheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraqhasactuallyhelpedIran.

C.TheIslamicStatebeheadedtwoAmericanJournalistshadthreatenedthesafetyofAmericanhomeland.

D.Whenaregionisbesetbymanycivilwarsatonce,thereiscenter,nosides.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.IfObamadiddestroytheIslamicState,hewouldignoreseveralissues.

B.ThevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicStatearejustmeanttothreatentheUnitedStates.

C.ObamainsiststhattheUnitedStates，militaryinterventioninIraqmustbeaccompaniedbyIraqisproducinganationalunitygovernment.

D.TheU.S.governmentneedstothinkoverbeforetakingactionsagainsttheIslamicState.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Obama’sPolicyontheIslamicState

B.ConflictsintheArabWorld

C.Fire,Ready,Aim.NotReady,Aim,Fire

D.Ready,Aim,Fire.NotFire,Ready,Aim

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.opposing

B.approving

C.neutral

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.”，可知美國(guó)總統(tǒng)巴拉克?奧巴馬因宣稱(chēng)尚未制定有效對(duì)抗伊斯蘭國(guó)組織的戰(zhàn)略而受到嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)。所以找出excoriate“批評(píng)，斥責(zé)”的同義詞，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.”可知9.11后那種“開(kāi)炮、準(zhǔn)備、作戰(zhàn)”的方法使布什在伊拉克發(fā)動(dòng)地面戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的時(shí)候沒(méi)有足夠的軍事力量在控制這個(gè)國(guó)家，沒(méi)有真正了解伊拉克什葉派和遜尼派的宗派動(dòng)態(tài)，也沒(méi)有意識(shí)到摧毀了阿富汗的遜尼派塔利班政權(quán)和伊拉克的遜尼派復(fù)興黨政權(quán)，我們就可以摧毀伊朗的死敵，從而為伊朗地區(qū)影響力的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張開(kāi)辟道路?？赏茢喑霾际泊輾О⒏缓惯d尼派塔利班政權(quán)和伊拉克遜尼派復(fù)興黨政權(quán)的做法，實(shí)際上幫助了伊朗。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact”，可知伊斯蘭國(guó)斬首兩名美國(guó)記者的視頻的惡劣程度無(wú)法用言語(yǔ)來(lái)形容，但我毫不懷疑，他們的目的只是讓我們反應(yīng)過(guò)度。所以目的不是為了威脅美國(guó)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.主旨題。文章主要關(guān)于有效抗擊伊斯蘭國(guó)組織的策略問(wèn)題，主要講述了打擊伊斯蘭國(guó)的策略。9.11事件后策略上的不成熟導(dǎo)致美國(guó)陷入不利的處境，所以D選項(xiàng)的標(biāo)題是對(duì)策略的一個(gè)完整概括和總結(jié)，即準(zhǔn)備-定目標(biāo)-開(kāi)戰(zhàn)，而不是開(kāi)戰(zhàn)-準(zhǔn)備-定目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?”，可知在我聽(tīng)來(lái)這很奇怪，就好像我們應(yīng)該直接轟炸某人，即使這很愚蠢。如果奧巴馬要摧毀伊斯蘭國(guó)，他會(huì)忽略哪些問(wèn)題呢?，可推斷出作者對(duì)于奧巴馬摧毀伊斯蘭國(guó)的政策持贊同態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Theboyfellofftheladderandbadly（

）himself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wounded

B.damaged

C.harmed

D.injured

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。wound“使受傷”；damage“損害，毀壞，對(duì)有用或有價(jià)值的人或財(cái)產(chǎn)的破壞”；harm“傷害，危害，身體或心理上的損害或傷害”；injure“損害，傷害，通常指肉體上的傷害”。句意：這個(gè)男孩從樓梯上摔了下來(lái)，傷得很?chē)?yán)重。只有D項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothes