考研考博-英語-南寧職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南寧職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Alltheflights（

）becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.werecanceled

B.hadbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:所有航班因暴風(fēng)雪都被取消，我們不得不改乘火車。

語法題?？疾楠?dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。題干后半句已經(jīng)完整,所以前半句是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),排除A,B。由于動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“改乘火車”之前,而且是“被取消”,所以用havingbeencanceled。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.

Today’spolicemeninlargecitiesthroughouttheworldrelyonmoderninventionstohelpthemintheirwork.Inmostplacesmotor-scootersandpolicepatrolcarshavedoneawaywiththeneedtopatrolonfootoronhorseback.Policemenusetelephone,convenientlylocatedthroughouttheirdistricts,tomakeimmediatecontactwithheadquarters.Radio,television,andcomputershelptospeedtheworkofthemodernforce.Evenboatsandhelicoptersarepartoftheequipmentofmetropolitanpolicedepartments.Newtechnicalinventionsarewidelyusedtofightcrimeandspeedthesolutionofcriminalcases.Electroniccomputersreducefromhourstominutesthetimespentinsearchingforfingerprints.Witness’sdescriptionsofacriminalarecodedandfedintoacomputer.Themachinethensortsthroughthepicturefileofknowncriminalsandselectsthenameandphotographofthemostlikelysuspect.Liedetectorsareusedtouncoverthetruth.

【答案】今天，全球很多大城市的警察都借助現(xiàn)代發(fā)明進(jìn)行工作。在大多數(shù)地方，駕駛小摩托車和警察巡邏車已經(jīng)取代了步行或在馬背上巡邏的做法。各區(qū)便捷的電話網(wǎng)使警察能及時(shí)與總部取得聯(lián)系；無線電、電視、計(jì)算機(jī)也有助于提高現(xiàn)代警察的工作效率；甚至連船只和直升機(jī)也成了一些大城市警察部門的裝備。新技術(shù)發(fā)明廣泛運(yùn)用于打擊犯罪，加速案件偵破，計(jì)算機(jī)將搜索指紋所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間由幾小時(shí)減少到幾分鐘。證人對(duì)罪犯的描述被編碼并輸入計(jì)算機(jī)，計(jì)算機(jī)將所掌握的罪犯照片案卷進(jìn)行分類，選出重大嫌疑犯的姓名和照片；測(cè)謊儀也用于幫助揭露真相。

3.單選題

Theworkwasalmostcompletewhenwereceivedordersto（

）nofurtherwithit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.progress

B.proceed

C.march

D.promote

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。progress意為“進(jìn)步”；proceed意為“進(jìn)行”。proceedwith意為“繼續(xù)做”；march意為“”（堅(jiān)定地向某地）前進(jìn)；promote意為“促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)”。

句意：當(dāng)我們接到命令不再繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去時(shí)，這項(xiàng)工作幾乎完成了。

4.單選題

（）frompower,hehadtogobacktohishometownandtoilinhislittlefarm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Relinquished

B.Tumbled

C.Displaced

D.Retrieved

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。Relinquished放棄；Tumbled倒塌，猛跌；Displaced取代；Retrieved重新取回，挽救。句意：失去權(quán)力后，他不得不回到家鄉(xiāng)，在他的小農(nóng)場(chǎng)里勞作。relinquishpower指被迫交出權(quán)力。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Heisverymuchlookingforward（）visitingyourcountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.with

C.to

D.at

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查固定搭配。lookingforwardto“期待，盼望”，句意：他非常期待訪問貴國(guó)。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Lessthantwomonthsintoherbreastcancertreatment,AlexandraJn-CharleswascalledintoanewroomatSUNYDownstateMedicalCenter,wheretwotreatingphysicians,thechiefmedicalofficerandanattorneyrepresentingthehospitaltoldherthatmistakeshadbeenmade.

Theskinlesions(病變)onherchest,theysaid,hadbeencausednotbyherillnessbutbythemachinethatwassupposedtocureher.The32-year-oldhadreceivednearly30radiotherapysessions,butatthispointitdidn’treallymakesensetocountthem,becauseaprogrammingerrorhadcausedeachinstallmenttodeliveratleastthreetimestheprescribedamountofradiation.

Jn-Charles,whodiedtwoandahalfyearsafterthismeetingin2005,wouldeventuallycometoexemplifytheemergenceofaccidentalover-radiationinU.S.hospitals.Theworstoffhavereportedskindamage,inexplicablehairlossandribs(肋骨)bucklingbeneaththeirchests—debilitatinginjuriessufferedwhileundergoingscreeningortreatmentforsomethingthatwouldotherwisekillthem.Asteeppriceforsurvival.

Thesetragediesgotothecoreofanissueaspressingasitisuncomfortabletothinkabout:Haveadvancesintechnology,improvedtreatmentmethodsandmorecomprehensivescreeningprotocolsledtosystematic,excessiveirradiationofpatients?

Theanswer,accordingtoagrowingnumberofhealthexperts,isyes.Forexample,theCTscan,whichhasbecomecommonplaceinresponsetorisingcancerrates,isitselfthoughttoincreasethelikelihoodthatapersondevelopscancer.ThescansdeliverseveralhundredtimesmoreradiationthananX-ray—evenwhenguidelinesanddosagesarefollowedprecisely.“Whatwedoasphysiciansarguablyharmspeople,”JamesEhrlich,aclinicalassociateprofessorattheUniversityofColoradoandanadviserforPremierMicronutrientCorp.,toldNewsweek.

Ajarringexampleofthatcamein2010,whenWaltBogdanichpublishedanextensivereviewinTheNewYorkTimesthatlistednumerouspatientswhoseliveshadbeendestroyedbymistakesinhospitalimagingandradiotherapy.Shortlyafterthearticleserieswenttopress,theFoodandDrugAdministrationbegantorampupitseffortstolimitexcessiveexposure,eventuallylaunchingitsInitiativetoReduceUnnecessaryRadiationExposureFromMedicalImaging.

AlongwithorganizationsliketheAmericanCollegeofRadiology,theFDAnowsupportsanumberofso-calleddoseregistriesthatallowfacilitiestocompareradiationdoseindexestoregionalandnationalvalues.Todate,hundredsoffacilitiesacrosstheU.S.haveenrolled.

ButtheFDA’sregulatoryauthorityisgenerallyfocusedonequipmentmanufacturers,andcomplianceonthestatelevelisneverguaranteed.Andevencompliantfacilitiesruntheriskofover-radiatingpatients:A2012paperbytheInstituteofMedicinefoundthatmedicalimagingisoneoftheleadingenvironmentalcausesofbreastcancer_____.

1.TheskindamageonJn-Charles’chestwascausedby_____.

2.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoexplainbyexemplifyingJn-Charles?

3.WhatcanbelearntabouttheCTscan?

4.Whatdoestheword“rampup”mean?

5.TheauthorthinksFDA’ssolutiontoreduceradiationexposureis_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breastcancer

B.advancedtechnology

C.over-radiation

D.treatmentmethods

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisnoneedtowastesomuchmoneyfortotreatbreastcancer.

B.Untilnow,breastcancerisstillanincurableillnessaroundtheworld.

C.Thereisanincreasingnumberofyoungpeoplesufferingfromcancer.

D.ThereareincidentsofexcessiveirradiationofpatientsinAmerica.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisadouble-edgedswordinthetermofcancer.

B.Ithasbeenarguedinthemedicalprofession.

C.Itismuchsafertobeusedtotreatbreastcancer.

D.Theradiationdosagescanbecontrolledeasily.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heatup.

B.Drawout.

C.Intensify.

D.Putup.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ineffective

B.loose

C.harmful

D.unnecessary

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第二段第一句話Theskinlesionsonherchest,theysaid,hadbeencausednotbyherillnessbutbythemachinethatwassupposedtocureher.The32-year-oldhadreceivednearly30radiotherapysessionbutatthispointitdidn’treallymakesensetocountthem,becauseaprogrammingerrorhadcausedeachinstallmenttodeliveratleastthreetimestheprescribedamountofradiation“他們說：她胸部的皮膚損傷不是因?yàn)樗牟《且驗(yàn)閼?yīng)該治好她的機(jī)器。這位32歲的患者接受了近30次放療但在這一點(diǎn)上，沒有真正的意義去計(jì)算它們，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)程序錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致每個(gè)裝置提供了至少三倍于規(guī)定的輻射量”，第二步，綜合理解，由此可知答案選C選項(xiàng)“過度放療”。

A選項(xiàng)“乳腺癌”，見正確選項(xiàng)解析，可知Ａ選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“先進(jìn)的科技”，定位到文章第四段第二句話Haveadvancesintechnology,improvedtreatmentmethodsandmorecomprehensivescreeningprotocolsledtosystematic,excessiveirradiationofpatients?“技術(shù)的進(jìn)步、治療方法的改進(jìn)和更全面的篩查方案是否導(dǎo)致了對(duì)患者的系統(tǒng)性、過度照射？”文章雖然有提到先進(jìn)技術(shù)，但這不是Jn-Charles胸部受傷的原因，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤；

D選項(xiàng)“治療方法”，見正確選項(xiàng)解析，是因?yàn)槌绦蝈e(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致患者接受了三倍的輻射，所以才造成患者出現(xiàn)灼傷，如果按照規(guī)定輻射來可能不會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況，所以不能選D選項(xiàng)，屬于曲解文意。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第三段第一句話Jn-Charles,whodiedtwoandahalfyearsafterthismeetingin2005,wouldeventuallycometoexemplifytheemergenceofaccidentalover-radiationinU.S.hospitals.“在這次會(huì)議結(jié)束兩年半后的2005年，Jn-Charles去世了，他最終成為美國(guó)醫(yī)院意外過度輻射的典型例子”，由此可知答案選D選項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)也有病人接受過度照射的案例”。

A選項(xiàng)“沒有必要浪費(fèi)這么多錢去治療乳腺癌”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不能選；

B選項(xiàng)“到目前為止，乳腺癌在世界范圍內(nèi)仍是一種不治之癥”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不能選；

C選項(xiàng)“越來越多的年輕人患癌癥”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不能選。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第五段第二句Forexample,theCTscan,whichhasbecomecommonplaceinresponsetorisingcancerrates,isitselfthoughttoincreasethelikelihoodthatapersondevelopscancer.“例如，CT掃描在應(yīng)對(duì)不斷上升的癌癥發(fā)病率時(shí)已變得司空見慣，但它本身被認(rèn)為會(huì)增加一個(gè)人患癌癥的可能性”，第二步綜合理解，從這里可知，在檢測(cè)是否患癌癥時(shí)，醫(yī)生一般會(huì)用CT，但是CT會(huì)讓使用者更容易得癌，所以說CT是把有利有弊的雙刃劍，正確答案選A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于癌癥來說，這是一把雙刃劍”。

B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)學(xué)界對(duì)此一直爭(zhēng)論不休”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，不選；

C選項(xiàng)“用于治療乳腺癌要安全得多”，定位到第五段倒數(shù)第二句話ThescansdeliverseveralhundredtimesmoreradiationthananX-ray—evenwhenguidelinesanddosagesarefollowedprecisely.“這種掃描產(chǎn)生的輻射量是X射線的數(shù)百倍——即使嚴(yán)格遵循指導(dǎo)方針和劑量”由此可知C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“輻射劑量很容易控制”，雖然這里有提到劑量，但是沒有提到劑量是否容易控制，而且文章病例是因?yàn)檫^度輻射而造成的，所以文章暗含著其實(shí)劑量不容易控制，這里屬于無中生有。

4.詞匯推斷題。第一步，句中前后信息連接，rampup前面接的是一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)后面接的是努力，第二步，上下文語義推測(cè)，整段的大意是一個(gè)令人吃驚的案例發(fā)表之后獲得很大的關(guān)注，然后某機(jī)構(gòu)出來推動(dòng)限制使用輻射，避免患者過多暴露在輻射中，由上下文意可知，該機(jī)構(gòu)在收到反饋之后是加大自己的努力，從這里可知答案選C選項(xiàng)“增強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)化”。

A選項(xiàng)“加熱，升溫”，不符合文章意思，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“擬定，導(dǎo)致”；

D選項(xiàng)“提供；建造”。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章最后一段一二句ButtheFDA’sregulatoryauthorityisgenerallyfocusedonequipmentmanufacturers,andcomplianceonthestatelevelisneverguaranteed.Andevencompliantfacilitiesruntheriskofover-radiatingpatients．．．“但FDA的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)一般只關(guān)注設(shè)備制造商，無法保證州一級(jí)的合規(guī)。即使是符合規(guī)定的醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)也有對(duì)病人進(jìn)行過度輻射的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)……”，由此可見作者對(duì)FDA所采取的措施有效與否是持否定態(tài)度的，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“無效的”。

B選項(xiàng)“松散的”，文章并沒有提及FDA在實(shí)施這些措施的時(shí)候是否嚴(yán)格，所以B選項(xiàng)不能選，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“有害的”，文章沒有提到有害之處，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“沒必要的”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

7.單選題

IdecidetogotothecinemaassoonasI（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.finishwhatIdid

B.wouldfinishwhatIwasdoing

C.finishedwhatIdid

D.finishedwhatIwasdoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)?！癮ssoonas”引導(dǎo)的為時(shí)間狀語從句，由主句的謂語動(dòng)詞decide可知主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，根據(jù)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，即主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句也用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此選A。句意：我決定一完成我所做的事情就去看電影。

8.單選題

ProfessorJohnsonplannedtogoovermypapersentencebysentencewithmeinhisofficethismorning,buthehasn't（

）yet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnedround

B.turnedup

C.turnedon

D.turnedin

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的turnround=turnaround“轉(zhuǎn)身，轉(zhuǎn)向，歸航，轉(zhuǎn)變”；B選項(xiàng)的turnup“出現(xiàn)，露面，發(fā)生，開大（收音機(jī)、電視等）的音量”；C選項(xiàng)的turnon“打開，發(fā)動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)的turnin“交上，歸還，告發(fā)”。根據(jù)句意‘約翰遜教授計(jì)劃今天早上和我一起在他辦公室逐句檢查我的論文，但他還沒來’確定B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thenextfewdecadeswillseegreatchangesinthewayenergyissuppliedandused.Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached,andthereareincreasingfearsofglobalwarning.Consequently,manycountriesarefocusingontheswitchtoalowcarboneconomy.Thistransitionwillleadtomajorchangesinthesupplyanduseofelectricitytopowertheirhomesandvehicles.Secondly,therewillbeanincreaseinpowergeneration,notonlyintermsofhowmuchisgenerated,butalsohowitisgenerated,asthereisgrowingelectricitygenerationfromrenewablesources.Tomeetthesechallenges,countriesareinvestinginSmartGridtechnology.Thissystemaimstoprovidetheelectricityindustrywithabetterunderstandingofpowergenerationanddemand,andtousethisinformationtocreateamoreefficientpowernetwork.

SmartGirdtechnologybasicallyinvolvestheapplicationofacomputersystemtotheelectricitynetwork.Thecomputersystemcanbeusedtocollectinformationaboutsupplyanddemandandimproveengineer’sabilitytomanagethesystem.Withbetterinformationaboutelectricitydemand,thenetworkwillbeabletoincreasetheamountofelectricitydeliveredperunitgenerated,leadingtopotentialreductionsinfuelneedsandcarbonemissions.Moreover,thecomputersystemwillassistinreducingoperationalandmaintenancecosts.

SmartGridtechnologyoffersbenefitstotheconsumertoo.Theywillbeabletocollectreal-timeinformationontheirenergyuseforeachappliance.Varyingtariffsthroughoutthedaywillgivecustomerstheincentivetouseappliancesattimeswhensupplygreatlyexceedsdemand,leadingtogreatreductionsinbills.Forexample,theymayusetheirwashingmachinesatnight.Smartmeterscanalsobeconnectedtotheinternetortelephonesystem,allowingcustomerstoswitchappliancesonoroffremotely.Furthermore,ofhousesarefittedwiththeapparatustogeneratetheirownpower,appliancescanbesettorundirectlyfromtheon-sitepowersource,andanyexcesscanbesoldtothegrid.

Withthesechangescomesarangeofchallenges.Thefirstinvolvesmanagingthesupplyanddemand.Sourcesofrenewableenergy,suchaswind,waveandsolar,arenotoriouslyunpredictable,andnuclearpower,whichisalsosettoincreaseasnationsswitchtoalternativeenergysources,isinflexible.Withoilandgas,itisrelativelysimpletoincreasethesupplyofenergytomatchtheincreasingdemandduringpeaktimesofthedayoryear.Withalternativesources,thisisfarmoredifficult,andmayleadtoblackoutsorsystemcollapse.Potentialsolutionsincludeinvestigatingnewandefficientwaystostoreenergyandencouragingconsumerstouseelectricityatoff-peaktimes.

Asecondproblemisthefactthatmanyrenewablepowergenerationsourcesarelocatedinremoteareas,suchaswindyuplandsandcoastalregions,wherethereiscurrentlyalackofelectricaltechnology,thiscanbedonemoreefficientlybyreducingthereinforcementorconstructioncosts.AlthoughSmartTechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,pilotschemestopromoteandtestitarealreadyunderway.Consumersarecurrentlytestingthenewsmartmeterswhichcanbeusedintheirhomestomanageelectricityuse.Therearealsoanumberofdemonstrationsbeingplannedtoshowhowthesmarttechnologycouldpracticallywork,andtrialsareinplacetotestthenewelectricalinfrastructure.Itislikelythattechnologywillbeaddedin‘layers’startingwith‘quickwin’methodswhichwillprovideinitialcarbonsavings,tobefollowedbymoreadvancedsystemsatalaterdate.Citiesareprimecandidatesforinvestmentintosmartenergy,duetothehighpopulationdensityandhighenergyuse.ItisherewhereSmartTechnologyislikelytobepromotedfirst,utilisingarangeofsustainablepowersourcestransportsolutionsandaninfrastructureforchangingelectricallypoweredvehicles.Theinfrastructureisalreadychangingfast.Bytheyear2050,changesintheenergysupplywillhavetransformedourhomes,ourroadsandourbehavior.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whathashappenedinsomeoilproducingcountries?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofmartGirdtechnologytoconsumers?

3.Whatistheproblemwithusingrenewablesourcesofpoweraccordingtothearticle?

4.Inparagraph5,whatcanbeinferredaboutcitiesinthefuture?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatcanbeinferredabouttheintroductionofSmartGirdTechnology?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareunwillingtoselltheiroilanymore.

B.Theyarenotproducingasmuchoilastheyusedto.

C.Thesupplyofoilisunpredictable.

D.Globalwarmingismoreseverherethaninothercountries.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanreducetheirelectricitybills.

B.Itcantellthemhowmuchenergyeachapplianceisusing.

C.Itcanallowthemtoturnappliancesonandoffwhentheyarenotathome.

D.Itcanreducetheamountofenergyneededtopowerappliances.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theydonotprovidemuchenergy.

B.Theyoftencausesystemfailureandblackouts.

C.Theydonotsupplyacontinuousflowofenergy.

D.Theycan’tbeusedatoff-peaktimes.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Morepeoplewillbelivingincitiesinthefuturethannowadays.

B.Peopleincitieswillbeusingcarsandbusespoweredbyelectricity.

C.Allbuildingswillgeneratetheirownelectricity.

D.SmartGridtechnologywillonlybeavailableincities.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thetechnologieswhichproducemostbenefitswillbeintroducedfirst.

B.Thecheapesttechnologieswillintroducesfirst.

C.Thetechnologieswhicharemostdifficulttoputintoplacewillbeintroducedfirst.

D.Technologicallyadvancedsystemswillbeintroducedfirst.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段“Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached”，在一些主要的石油生產(chǎn)國(guó)，“石油峰值”已經(jīng)達(dá)到。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“他們不愿意再賣他們的石油了”，選項(xiàng)C“石油的供應(yīng)是不可預(yù)測(cè)的”，選項(xiàng)D“全球變暖在這里比在其他國(guó)家更加嚴(yán)重”均與文章不符,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“l(fā)eadingtogreatreductionsinbills”，導(dǎo)致電費(fèi)大幅減少；“allowingcustomerstoswitchappliancesonoroffremotely”，讓消費(fèi)者可以遠(yuǎn)程啟動(dòng)或關(guān)閉家用電器；“ofhousesarefittedwiththeapparatustogeneratetheirownpower,appliancescanbesettorundirectlyfromtheon-sitepowersource,andanyexcesscanbesoldtothegrid”，配備這一裝置的房間，可以自行發(fā)電，家用電器就可以直接依靠這一電源運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，而多余的電量則可以出售給電網(wǎng)。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“它可以減少他們的電費(fèi)”，選項(xiàng)C“當(dāng)他們不在家的時(shí)候，它可以讓他們遠(yuǎn)程打開和關(guān)閉電器”，選項(xiàng)D“它可以減少電力設(shè)備所需的總電量”均與文章相符,而選項(xiàng)B“可以測(cè)試出每一個(gè)家用電器使用中的電量”，文章未提及。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第四段“Thefirstinvolvesmanagingthesupplyanddemand”，首先是管理供給和需求的問題；“Sourcesofrenewableenergy...arenotoriouslyunpredictable”，可再生能源的來源是很難把握或預(yù)測(cè)的；“thisisfarmoredifficult,andmayleadtoblackoutsorsystemcollapse”更加困難的是，可能導(dǎo)致停電或系統(tǒng)崩潰；“investigatingnewandefficientwaystostoreenergy”，研究出新的且有效的方法就是存儲(chǔ)能源。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“它們不提供太多能量源”，選項(xiàng)B“它們經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)故障和停電”，選項(xiàng)D“他們?cè)诜歉叻鍟r(shí)段不能使用”均與文章不符,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第五段“Citiesareprimecandidatesforinvestmentintosmartenergy,duetothehighpopulationdensityandhighenergyuse”，由于城市的高人口密度和高耗能，他們將是推廣智能能源的首選目標(biāo)；“...infrastructureforchangingelectricallypoweredvehicles”，提升基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，如改變汽車的電源供給方式。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“將來住在城市的人會(huì)比現(xiàn)在多”，選項(xiàng)C“所有的建筑都會(huì)自行發(fā)電”，選項(xiàng)D“智能電網(wǎng)技術(shù)只能在城市使用”均與文章不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。題干的意思是問“根據(jù)作者所述，關(guān)于智能網(wǎng)格技術(shù)的引入，我們可以推斷出什么?”。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章最后一段.“changesintheenergysupplywillhavetransformedourhomes,ourroadsandourbehavior”，智能供電方式的轉(zhuǎn)變將會(huì)改變我們的家、我們的道路以及我們的行為。由此可知，選項(xiàng)B“最便宜的技術(shù)將首先引入”，選項(xiàng)C“首先引進(jìn)最難實(shí)施的技術(shù)”，選項(xiàng)D“首先引進(jìn)技術(shù)先進(jìn)的系統(tǒng)”均與文章不符，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Asalawyer（

）forhisgoodjudgmentandeloquence,heisofteninvitedtothosegrandbanquetsandmeetsthosedistinguishedpeoplefromallcircles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notorious

B.notable

C.nasty

D.notified

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”；B選項(xiàng)notable“顯著的，著名的”；C選項(xiàng)nasty“極差的，惡意的”；D選項(xiàng)notified“通知”。

句意：作為一個(gè)以良好的判斷力和口才著稱的律師，他經(jīng)常被邀請(qǐng)參加那些盛大的宴會(huì)，會(huì)見來自各界的杰出人士。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteorsbutalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketontheearth.Lightgetsthrough,andthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.Heat,too,makesourenvironmentstolerableandsomeultravioletrayspenetratetheatmosphere.Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesyncarescreenedoff.Assoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,dopreventalotofradiationdamage.

Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Dosesofradiationaremeasuredinunitscalled“rems”.WeallreceiveradiationhereontheEarthfromthesun,fromcosmicraysandfromradioactiveminerals.The“normal”doseofradiationthatwereceiveeachyearisabout100millirems(0.1rem);itvariesaccordingtowhereyoulive,andthisisaveryroughestimate.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthanthiswithoutbeingdamaged;thefigureof60remshasbeenagreed.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage——apersonmayfeelperfectlywell,butthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamaged,andthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthof(deformed)childrenorevengrandchildren.

EarlyspaceprobesshowedthatradiationvariesindifferentpartsofspacearoundtheEarth.Italsovariesintimebecause,whengreatspurtsofgasshootoutofthesun(solarflares),theyareaccompaniedbyalotofextraradiation.Someestimatesoftheamountofradiationinspace,basedonvariousmeasurementsandcalculations,areaslowas10remsperyear,othersareashighas5remsperhour.Missionstothemoon(theApolloflights)havehadtocrosstheVanAllenbeltsofhighradiationand,duringtheoutwardandreturnjourneys,theApollo8crewaccumulatedatotaldoseofabout200milliremsperman.ItwashopedthattherewouldnotbeanylargesolarflaresduringthetimesoftheApollomoonwalksbecausethewallsoftheLEMs(lunarexcursionmodules)werenotthickenoughtoprotectthemeninside,thoughthecommandmodulesdidgivereasonableprotection.Sofar,nodangerousdosesofradiationhavebeenreported,buttheGeminiorbitsandtheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.Wesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphere,workinginaspacelaboratoryorinabaseonthemoon.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiation,butnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.

Atpresent,radiationseemstobethegreatestphysicalhazardtospacetravelers,butitisimpossibletosayjusthowseriousthehazardwillturnouttobeinthefuture.

1.Scientistshavefixedasafetylevelof（）.

2.Thespacemenwereworriedaboutsolarflareswhentheywere（）.

3.Whenmenspendlongperiodsinspacehowwilltheyprotectthemselves?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.10remsperyear

B.60remsperyear

C.100milliremsperyear

D.5remsperhour

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.crossingtheVanAllenbelts

B.settingupamoonbase

C.exploringthesurfaceofthemoon

D.waitinginthecommandmodule

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Bytakingspecialdrugs.

B.Bywearingspecialsuits.

C.Byusingaprotectiveblanket.

D.Nosolutionhasbeenfoundyet.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegrandchildrenofastronautsaredeformed.

B.Thechildrenofastronautshavedamagedsexorgans.

C.Radiationdamagemayshowonlyinlatergenerations.

D.Radiationdoesnotseemtobeveryharmful.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Scientistshavefixedasafetylevelof______.1.科學(xué)家們確定了______的安全水平。

A.10remsperyearA.每年10雷姆

B.60remsperyearB.每年60雷姆

C.100milliremsperyearC.每年100毫雷姆

D.5remsperhourD.每小時(shí)5雷姆

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“科學(xué)家們有理由認(rèn)為，一個(gè)人可以忍受比這多得多的輻射而不受傷害，60雷姆的數(shù)字已經(jīng)商定”，從中可知，科學(xué)家們能夠確定每年60雷姆是安全水平，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“每年10雷姆”和D項(xiàng)“每小時(shí)5雷姆”為測(cè)量的空間輻射量，并不是科學(xué)家們確定的安全水平，屬于張冠李戴；

C項(xiàng)“每年100毫雷姆”是對(duì)我們每年接受的“正常”輻射劑量的粗略估計(jì)，不是科學(xué)家們的計(jì)算，屬于張冠李戴。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Thespacemenwereworriedaboutsolarflareswhentheywere______.2.宇航員們?cè)赺_____時(shí)擔(dān)心太陽耀斑。

A.crossingtheVanAllenbeltsA.穿過范艾倫帶

B.settingupamoonbaseB.建立月球基地

C.exploringthesurfaceofthemoonC.探索月球表面

D.waitinginthecommandmoduleD.在指令艙等待

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第四句“人們希望在阿波羅號(hào)月球行走期間不會(huì)有任何大的太陽耀斑，因?yàn)樵虑蚵眯心K的墻壁不夠厚，不足以保護(hù)里面的人，盡管指令模塊確實(shí)提供了合理的保護(hù)”，從中可知，宇航員們?cè)谔剿髟虑虮砻鏁r(shí)擔(dān)心太陽耀斑，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“穿過范艾倫帶”和B項(xiàng)“建立月球基地”都是在探索月球表面中做的事情，從屬于C項(xiàng)，所以這兩項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

D項(xiàng)“在指令艙等待”沒有提到，無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whenmenspendlongperiodsinspacehowwilltheyprotectthemselves?3.當(dāng)人長(zhǎng)時(shí)間待在太空時(shí)，他們將如何保護(hù)自己？

A.Bytakingspecialdrugs.A.通過服用特殊藥物。

B.Bywearingspecialsuits.B.穿特殊的衣服。

C.Byusingaprotectiveblanket.C.用保護(hù)性的毯子。

D.Nosolutionhasbeenfoundyet.D.目前還沒有找到解決辦法。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段最后一句“藥物可能有助于減少輻射造成的損害，但迄今為止還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)真正有效的藥物”，從中可知，雖然迄今為止沒有找到特效藥，但是藥物也是有助于減輕射線帶來的危害，所以是一種解決辦法，A項(xiàng)“通過服用特殊藥物”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“穿特殊的衣服”和C項(xiàng)“用保護(hù)性的毯子”在文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“目前還沒有找到解決辦法”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?4.下列哪項(xiàng)是正確的？

A.Thegrandchildrenofastronautsaredeformed.A.宇航員的孫輩都是畸形的。

B.Thechildrenofastronautshavedamagedsexorgans.B.宇航員的孩子會(huì)損壞性器官。

C.Radiationdamagemayshowonlyinlatergenerations.C.輻射損傷可能只會(huì)在后代中表現(xiàn)出來。

D.Radiationdoesnotseemtobeveryharmful.D.輻射似乎不是很有害。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“問題是，很難確定輻射是否會(huì)造成損害，一個(gè)人可能感覺很好，但他或她的性器官細(xì)胞可能會(huì)受到損害，而且這種損害要等到孩子甚至孫輩出生后才會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)”，可知，射線的危害程度不好確定，一個(gè)人可能感覺正常，但是潛在的危害要在后輩中才能發(fā)現(xiàn)，故C項(xiàng)“輻射損傷可能只會(huì)在后代中表現(xiàn)出來”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“宇航員的孫輩都是畸形的”表述太絕對(duì)，屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“宇航員的孩子會(huì)損壞性器官”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，是宇航員的性器官細(xì)胞可能會(huì)受到損害，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“輻射似乎不是很有害”，根據(jù)第二段第一句“輻射是已知的對(duì)太空探索者最大的危險(xiǎn)”可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

12.單選題

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe（

）ofabrilliantcareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.porch

B.threshold

C.edge

D.course

【答案】B

【解析】考察介詞短語搭配。沒有ontheporch這個(gè)搭配，排除選項(xiàng)A；onthethreshold“即將開始”；ontheedgeof“在……的邊緣”；onthecourseof“在……的過程中”。句意：作為學(xué)校里最年輕的教授，布朗先生正處在輝煌事業(yè)的開始階段。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Hopingthathemightbeableto（

）theproblem,IaskedManiotolookattheengine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shedlighton

B.makelightof

C.bringlightto

D.setlightto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。shedlighton“解釋；闡明”；makelightof“輕視；對(duì)……不在乎”；bringlightto“為……帶來光明”；setlightto“點(diǎn)火；引火燒”。句意：我請(qǐng)馬里奧看看這個(gè)引擎，希望他可以解決這個(gè)問題。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.mediated

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。activate“刺激，使活動(dòng)”；alleviate“減輕，緩和”；mediate“調(diào)解，居中”；deteriorate“惡化”。句意：這種藥減輕了他的疼痛，但是沒有治愈他的病。由but…可知空格處所填詞的內(nèi)容性質(zhì)與其相反，故B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Theseveranceofchurchandstateisabasicprincipleofthatgovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coalition

B.separation

C.succession

D.interchangeability

【答案】B

【解析】severance意為分離，隔離。coalition聯(lián)合，合并；separation分離，間隔；succession連續(xù)，繼位；interchangeability可交換性。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

16.單選題

ItisagreedthatallnationsshouldtakemeasuresagainstterrorismonthebasisoftheUN（）andotherinternationallaws.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Charter

B.Constitution

C.Concordance

D.Custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Charter“憲章”；Constitution“憲法；體制；章程”；Concordance“調(diào)和；一致”；Custody“保管；監(jiān)護(hù)”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處要填的詞與laws意思相近，所以四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有Constitution符合。句意：所有的國(guó)家都應(yīng)該在基于聯(lián)合國(guó)章程和其他國(guó)際法律的基礎(chǔ)上采取措施抵制恐怖主義，這是一個(gè)共識(shí)。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

17.單選題

YoucancountonwhatSusanreportedjustnowbecauseshehadenough（

）totellthetruth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.candle

B.cannon

C.candor

D.canyon

【答案】C

【解析】candle蠟燭；cannon大炮；candor坦白，直率；canyon峽谷。句意：你可以相信蘇珊剛才所說的話，因?yàn)樗銐蛱拱渍f出事實(shí)真相。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

18.單選題

Modernformsoftransportationandcommunicationhavedonemuchto（

）theisolationoflifeinAlaska.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakthrough

B.breakdown

C.breakinto

D.breakout

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)breakthrough表示“突破，突圍”；B項(xiàng)breakdown表示“打破；出故障”；C項(xiàng)breakinto表示“闖入”；D項(xiàng)breakout表示“突發(fā)，爆發(fā)”。根據(jù)Modernformsoftransportationandcommunication以及isolation可知，句意應(yīng)為現(xiàn)代交通運(yùn)輸和通信方式非常有利于打破阿拉斯加生活的閉塞，因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

19.翻譯題

Thereareatleasttwowaysoftalkingaboutcontemporarycosmopolitancultures.Thefirstistosuggestthatcosmopolitanculturesarethedepthlesscommercialpleasuresoftheincreasinglyplacelesscapitalistelite.Inthisview,cosmopolitancultureisalignedwithapostmodernculturethatinvolvesthevisualandsensualpleasuresofglobalcities.Hollywoodcinema,MadonnaCDsandAustralianwine.Thisbuildsuponaprejudiceofcertainaspectsofleftthinkingthatpresumesthatifonemovesoutsidetheboundariesofthenationitisto‘wallowinaprivilegedandirresponsibledetachment’.Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldtieafast-movingplacelesscultureintotheriseofanewmiddleandupperclassofcappuccinodrinkers.Herecosmopolitanismcanbecontrastedwiththemorelocalandnationalculturaldefinitionsthatareavailabletopoorandworkingpeople.Suchaviewsetsupasimplecontrastbetweencosmopolitansandlocals.Cosmopolitanism,onsuchaview,becomestheeverydaycurrencyofglobalcapitalism,whosemostobviouseffectisthereinforcementofsymbolicboundariesbetweensocialclasses.However,thesecondversionofcosmopolitanismhasamoreovertlyethical