考研考博-英語-廈門華廈學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門華廈學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

12.

問題1選項

A.TogotoSusanforadvice.

B.TotrytothinklikeSusan.

C.TobreakupwithSusan.

D.TohaveadatewithSusan.

【答案】A

【解析】M:MenarefromMars,andwomenarefromVenus.It’sreallyhardformetounderstandEmily.

W:SusanisthebestfriendofEmily,whydon’tyoupickherbrain?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanadvicethemantodo?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士提議：SusanisthebestfriendofEmily,whydon’tyoupickherbrain?即建議去找Susan了解一下。

2.單選題

Strangelyenough,anoldman（）meandintroducedhimself,whoturnedouttobeafriendofmyfather’s.

問題1選項

A.stoodupto

B.walkedupto

C.livedupto

D.addedupto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項standupto“經(jīng)得起，抵抗”，B項walkupto“走近，走向”，C項liveupto“不辜負(fù)，做到”，D項addupto“合計達(dá)，總共達(dá)”；根據(jù)空格前后關(guān)鍵詞anoldman（老人）和introducehimself（介紹他自己）可推斷，空格部分表示“向我走進(jìn)”。句意：奇怪的是，一個老人走到我面前并做了自我介紹，原來是我父親的朋友。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

3.單選題

Thecriminalalwayspaid（）cashsothepolicecouldnottrackhimdown.

問題1選項

A.on

B.at

C.for

D.in

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。此題考查固定詞組。payincash是一固定詞組，意為“付現(xiàn)金”。句意：那名罪犯總是用現(xiàn)金付款，因此警方無法追捕到他。根據(jù)選項和句意可知，D選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Medicineachieveditssplendideminencebyapplyingtheprincipleoffragmentationtothehumancondition.Ourbodilyillshavebeensplituprelegatedtodifferentexperts:anitchtothedermatologist,atwitchtotheneurologistandifallelsefails,avisittothepsychiatrist.Forthislast,intangiblefunction&thefamilydoctorhasbeentakenoverbythespecialistconfessional.

InIsrael,youqueueatonedeskforacutfinger,atanotherforasprain,andathirdforshock-evenifallthreesymptomsresultedfromoneaccident.InBritain,boththegrowingimportanceofhospitalfacilitiesandthereluctanceofGE.stounittheirresourceshasgonefartowardsmakingthesurgeryababyorcalminganeurotic.

ConsultantsandG.Psbeginthesameway,asmedicalstudentsobligedtocultivatedetachment.Butwhereasfamilydoctorgetsinvolvedintheintimatedetailsofhis“parish”，theconsultantneedonlymeetaspectsofthepatientrelevanttohisspecialty.Themoreheendeavorstospecialize,themoreextraneousphenomenamustbeshutout.Beyondthetokenbedsideexchangesheneednotgo.

Consequently,inasurgicalward,therearenopeopleatall:onlyanappendectomy,atumor,twohernias,anda“terminalcase”(hospitalsavoidtheword“dying”).Tomakeimpersonalityeasier,bedsarenumberedandpatientsareknownbynumbers.Remotenessprovidesthehospitalwithapracticalworkingcode.

Nursestoohaveevolvedtheirowndefensesystem.Sincetheycareforindividuals,theycouldwithdangerouseasebecometooinvolved.Thenursingprofessionhasthereforeperfecteditsowntechniqueoffragmentation,taskassignment”.Thisenablesonepatient’sneedstobesplitupamongmanynurses.Onejuniorwillgodownarowofbedsinsertingathermometerintoarowofmouths.Whethertheownersareasleepordrinkingteaisirrelevant;thejobcomesfirst,inherfinalyear,astudentwillundertakethepre-medicationofpatientsontheatre-list.Shehasbythattimelearnttoseethemasobjectsforinjection,notfrightenedpeople.

Nursingleadersrealizethedrawbacksinthissystem.There-hasbeentalkofgroup-assignmenttolinknurseswithparticularpatientsandgivesomecontinuity.Buttheactualnumberofexperimentscanbecountedononehand.Nurses,astheyoftenplead,touchingly,“areonlyhuman”.Theyshunresponsibilityforlifeanddeath,ifresponsibilityissplitintoakaleidoscopeofurines,itweighslessonanyoneperson.

1.Inthispassage,thewriterisultimatelysuggestingthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenursesare（

）.

3.Inthispassage,thewriterisultimatelysuggestingthat（

）.

4.Accordingtothewriterstheattemptsbynursingleaderstoimprovethesystem

5.Theword“shun”inthelastparagraphmeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.healthcarehasbecomemoreefficient

B.healthcarehasbecomelesscaring

C.hospitalshavetoomanyspecialists

D.thereshouldbemoreopportunitiesforamateursinhospitals

問題2選項

A.overpaidanduncaring

B.overworkedandunfairlycriticized

C.overwhelmedandundervalued

D.uncaringbutefficient

問題3選項

A.healthcarehasbecomemoreefficient

B.healthcarehasbecomelesscaring

C.hospitalshavetoomanyspecialists

D.thereshouldbemoreopportunitiesforamateursinhospitals

問題4選項

A.astepinthefightdirection

B.impressive

C.few

D.flawed

問題5選項

A.dodge

B.claim

C.appreciate

D.undertake

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理。作者通篇都在說當(dāng)今醫(yī)護(hù)人員不把病人當(dāng)活生生的人，而只是看成需要處理改善的對象。故選B。

2.歸納推理。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知,護(hù)士們雖然冷漠但是高效。

3.判斷推理。本篇都在說當(dāng)今醫(yī)護(hù)人員只把病人看成一個個的需要處理改善的對象而不是有感情的人。因此推測本題選B項(醫(yī)護(hù)變得冷漠了)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實。文中倒數(shù)最后一段第二行"Buttheactualnumberof...canbecountedononehand."可以得出答案。

5.詞義題。單詞“shun”所在句句意:他們逃避對生命和死亡的責(zé)任。shun意為“避免，躲開’，因此選A項dodge(閃開躲開)。

5.單選題

Accordingtoagrowingnumberofexperts,itisalreadytechnically（）toconstructapioneeringspacecolony,poweredbysolarenergy.

問題1選項

A.practical

B.flexible

C.feasible

D.beneficial

【答案】C

【解析】practical現(xiàn)實的,實際的；flexible靈活的；feasible可行的；beneficial有好處的。句意：據(jù)越來越多的專家表示,建立首個使用太陽能的太空殖民地在技術(shù)方面是可行的。選項C符合句意。

6.單選題

Doyouthinkit'sfairtokeepabird（

）inacageallthetime?

問題1選項

A.restricted

B.limited

C.confined

D.enclosed

【答案】C

【解析】restrictin限制，約束（指不能自由行動）；限定；limitedin受制于；confine限制，禁閉（指被限制在某局部地區(qū)不能自由行動）；enclose圍繞，裝入。句意：你認(rèn)為把一只鳥一直關(guān)在籠子里公平嗎？選項C更符合語境。

7.單選題

Heresented（

）towait.Heexpectedtheminister（

）

himatonce.

問題1選項

A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他憎恨等待。他希望總理馬上見他。resented后面一般直接接名詞或者動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式；expect后面一般接不定式，所以答案選B。

8.單選題

Thecapitalintendedtobroadentheexportbaseand（

）efficiencygainsfrominternationaltradewaschanneledinsteadintouneconomicimportsubstitution.

問題1選項

A.secure

B.extend

C.defend

D.possess

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項secure“保護(hù)（使免受危險或失?。?，提供保證；獲得，取得”；B選項extend“延伸，擴(kuò)大”；C選項defend“防護(hù)，辯護(hù)，防衛(wèi)”；D選項possess“占有，擁有；纏住，迷住”。句意：本打算用來擴(kuò)大出口基地從而有效地從國際貿(mào)易中獲得效益的資金卻用到了沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的進(jìn)口貿(mào)易中去了。根據(jù)句意可知，且選項中能與gains搭配的只有secure，故A選項正確。

9.單選題

Themostdangerousenemyisonewhosmilesatyoubut（）hatredintheheart.

問題1選項

A.cherishes

B.flourishes

C.nourishes

D.furnishes

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項cherishes“珍愛；懷有……感情”；B選項flourishes“繁榮；夸耀”；C選項nourishes“滋潤；撫養(yǎng)”；D選項furnishes“提供；供應(yīng)”。hatred“憎恨；敵意”，句意：最危險的敵人，就是對著你微笑，心里卻……仇恨。最危險的敵人，是對你笑臉相迎卻懷恨在心的人。故選A。

10.單選題

ThedoorclosedbehindTweedashescannedthehandsomely（）doubleroomwhichoverlookedAlbemarleStreet.

問題1選項

A.furnished

B.finished

C.supplies

D.provided

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語辨析。A選項furnished“有家具的”，B選項finished“完成的；結(jié)束的”，C選項supplied“有……提供的”，D選項provided“假如；倘若”，然后帶入原文的句意得出句子應(yīng)該是想形容這個房間“裝飾的很好”，因此A選項符合題意。句意為：門在特威德身后關(guān)上了，他掃視著俯瞰阿爾伯馬爾街的那間陳設(shè)華麗的雙人房。

11.寫作題

Directions:Writeanessayof180to200wordsonthetopic:“PrivateCarsShouldNotBeEncouragedinChina?”Youressayshouldincludeabeginning,abodyandaconclusion.Pleasepayspecialattentiontoitsstructure,contentandlanguage.Writetheessayontheanswersheet.

【答案】略

12.單選題

ForonebriefmomentinApril,LarryEllisoncamewithinafewdollarsofbeingtherichestmanintheworld.ThecomputertycoonwasholdingaglobalconferencecallonaWednesdaymorning,whenthevalueofhiscompanysurged.

ItwasthemomenthealmostovertookBillGates,founderofMicrosoft,asthewealthiestontheplanet.Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.Theself-proclaimed“badboy”ofSiliconValleyfoundhimselfworthmorethanUS$52billion,upfromamereUS$10billionthistimelastyear.ThenMicrosoft’sshareprice,whichhadplungedinrecentweeks,recoveredandthemomentpassed.

Once,Ellison,founderofthesoftwarecompanyOracle,wouldhavedancedaroundhisdeskcursinglikeapirateatfailingtobringdownGates,arivalhehadconstantlymadefunofinpublic.ButSiliconValleyinsiderssaidheremainedcalm,andmuttered:“Oneday,onedayvery,verysoon.”Heknewhismomentwasclose.UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms),aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.HealsoplanstoimportaRussianMig-29fighter(capableof1,500mph).Whydoeshewantone?Sothat,hejoked,hecanblastGateshomenearSeattle.Carsarecheapandcheerfulbycomparison.Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.InSanFranciscoheownsamagnificenthouseinPacificHeights,oneofWesternAmerica’smostexpensivestretchesofrealestate.Thehouseisatechnicalmarvel:Whenheinsertshiskey,theopaqueglassdoorturnstransparent,revealingaJapanesegardeninthemiddleofthehouse.Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.

WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.HewasborntoanunmarriedmotherandadoptedbyhisRussianuncleandaunt.Abrilliantbutunpredictableself-promoter,hedroppedoutofcollege,drovetoCaliforniainabatteredThunderbirdcarandendedupworkingwithcomputertechniciansatabank.“Healwayshadachampagnelifestyleonbeermoney,”hisfirstwifesaid.

HesetupOraclein1977asasuper-salesmanwith3programmers,creatingsoftwareforbusinesses.Italmostcollapsedwhenitpromisedmorethanitcoulddeliver,butsincethenitsfortuneshavesoared.Nowitemploys43,000peopleandhasdesigneddata-processingsystemsusedbyBritain’sMl5spyserviceaswellasbigwesterncompanies.Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.

Sincehiscompanygotbig,Ellisonhaspromisedshareholdersthathewillspendmoretimeintheoffice.Butcanheescapebeingthethrill-seekerheisatheart?Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.Itisdangeroussport,evenforguests.MediatycoonRupertMurdochoncenearlylostafingerwhenhegrabbedaropeduringaraceonboardthesayonara.Ellisonjokedatleasthecouldstillwrotechecks.

Regardlessofdistractions,EllisonwillnotgiveupinhisbattleagainstGates.Hehatestolose.Ellisondeclaresthatanysuchdominancebyoneman,likeMicrosoftincomputerindustry,isunhealthy.Hehasobviouslyforgottenhisownplanforaglobalempire,whichhewantedtocalltheUniversalTitanicOctopusCorporation.

1.Inthestockmarket,（）.

2.UnlikeBillGates,Ellison（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTEllison’sbelongings?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutEllison?

5.Oracle’sadvantageisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.EllisonisasrichasBillGates

B.EllisonhasUS$200,000lessthanBillGates

C.Ellisonisricherthanbill

D.OraclehasmoremoneythanMicrosoft

問題2選項

A.comesfromastrongfamily

B.hasapoorfather

C.doesnotspendmuchoncharity

D.wasborninCalifornia

問題3選項

A.AGulfstreamVjet.

B.AMarchettifighter.

C.APorscheBoxster.

D.ARussianMig-29fighter.

問題4選項

A.Ellisonlacksthecharacteristicsofcalmness.

B.EllisondislikeJapaneseculture.

C.Ellisoniskeenonyachting.

D.Ellison’sbusinesshasgonesmoothlysincethebeginning.

問題5選項

A.itssharepriceisprettyhigh

B.ithasmoreemployeesthanMicrosoft

C.itsthebiggestwesterncompany

D.itssoftwareismoreinternet-friendlythanMicrosoft

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.（有那么幾秒鐘，當(dāng)交易員們認(rèn)為微軟股價下跌、甲骨文股價上漲時，埃里森的股價只比蓋茨便宜20萬美元。）因此B選項“埃里森比比爾?蓋茨身價少20萬美元”正確。A選項“埃里森和比爾?蓋茨一樣富有”不正確，文章討論的是他們的身價，而不是誰更有錢。C選項“埃里森比比爾?蓋茨更富有”，不正確，文章沒有給出這個信息；D選項“甲骨文比微軟有更多的錢”，根據(jù)埃里森的身價沒有比爾蓋茨高可以推斷甲骨文（埃里森的公司）應(yīng)該是沒有微軟更有錢的。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.（與蓋茨不同的是，他不熱衷于慈善事業(yè)，更喜歡按自己的方式花錢。）因此C選項“在慈善事業(yè)上花的錢不多”正確。A選項“來自一個強(qiáng)大的家庭”在后文WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.（雖然蓋茨來自一個強(qiáng)大的家庭，但埃里森仍然不知道他的父親是誰。）A選項不正確；B選項“有一個貧窮的父親”，他甚至都不知道自己的父親是誰，不正確；D選項“出生在加利福尼亞”，后文說他自己駕車去了加利福尼亞，所以可以判斷他不是在這里出生的，錯誤。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms).（他有自己的私人空軍，一個駐扎在雷德伍德城附近的圣何塞機(jī)場的軍事風(fēng)格的機(jī)組人員，幫助他駕駛灣流V型噴氣式飛機(jī)。）因此A選項是他的所有物；同樣在第三段aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.（一架從意大利進(jìn)口的馬爾切蒂戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，以及其他幾架飛機(jī)，包括給他兒子的一名教練員。）因此B選項也是他的所有物；在第三段Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.（他有一輛相對普通的保時捷Boxster，兩輛經(jīng)過特別改裝的奔馳和一輛價值90萬美元的銀色邁凱輪。）因此C選項也是他的所有物；只有D選項是原文沒有提到的，因此D選項正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干和選項關(guān)鍵詞定位到第六段Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.（隨著夏天的臨近，他可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)很難抗拒他的游艇——世界上最長的游艇之一“Sakura”和他瘋狂的“Sayonara”(日語“再見”)的誘惑。）可以推斷出Ellison本人是熱衷于游艇運動的，因此C選項“埃里森熱衷于游艇運動”正確。A選項“埃里森缺乏冷靜的特質(zhì)”，文章并沒有給出明確表示；B選項“埃里森不喜歡日本文化”，在第三段的最后一句話Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.（出于對日本文化最了解的原因，埃里森癡迷于日本文化。），因此B選項錯誤；D選項“埃里森的業(yè)務(wù)從一開始就進(jìn)展順利”，一開始的時候他的公司幾近崩潰，是后來挺過來了才蒸蒸日上，因此D選項錯誤。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第五段的最后一句話Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.（甲骨文的軟件在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上比蓋茨的Windows系統(tǒng)更友好，這是該公司最近股價上漲的一個原因。）由此可知，D選項“它的軟件比微軟在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上更友好”正確。A選項“它的股價相當(dāng)高”原文沒有提到；B選項“他比微軟有更多的員工”，文章沒有說這個是優(yōu)勢；C選項“它是最大的西方公司”，這個是文章沒有說到的。

13.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

47.Whatistheauthormainlyconcernedwith?Theauthorisconcernedwith______.

48.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes“theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinparagraph2?

49.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

50.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

問題1選項

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問題2選項

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Superficial

D.Paradoxical

問題3選項

A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodernart.

B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.

D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

問題4選項

A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.

B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.

C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.

D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者主要關(guān)注的是……”。文章一開始講述了19世紀(jì)攝影家為確立攝影是藝術(shù)而提出的種種依據(jù)，并把繪畫和攝影作比較，來反駁否定攝影的論點，第二段和第三段闡述了即使攝影被確立為一門藝術(shù)，當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師仍然聲稱自己絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品，接著作者用抽象表現(xiàn)主義繪畫和古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫進(jìn)行舉例，證明攝影更多的是關(guān)注自身的主題而非藝術(shù)，最后總結(jié)攝影宣傳會使公眾忘記攝影是一種藝術(shù)。綜上所知，文章中的作者主要關(guān)注的是當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，所以C項“解釋當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對攝影藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并將這些態(tài)度放在他們的歷史背景中”符合題意。A項“定義現(xiàn)代主義對藝術(shù)的態(tài)度”、B項“解釋攝影是如何成為一門藝術(shù)的”和D項“定義當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對他們的藝術(shù)采取的各種方法，并評估這些方法的價值”都只是部分提及。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干意思是“下面哪個形容詞最好地描述了作者在第2段中描述的‘現(xiàn)代主義的勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念’？”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句話ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.（這說明他們就是把現(xiàn)代主義勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念視為合理的，其合理程度是：藝術(shù)越強(qiáng)，對藝術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)目的破壞得越大。），結(jié)合第二段倒數(shù)第三句有提到Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.（嚴(yán)肅的攝影師都聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見證事件、探索自我，但絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品。）可知，嚴(yán)肅的攝影師雖然聲稱自己不是在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品，但是他們卻把現(xiàn)代主義勝利強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念視為合理的，可推理這是一種矛盾的現(xiàn)象，所以D項“矛盾的”正確。A項“客觀的”、B項“機(jī)械的，呆板的”和C項“膚淺的”都不正確。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者為什么要介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家？”。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息定位到第三段第二句Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.（例如，這些認(rèn)為通過拍照可以擺脫繪畫所表現(xiàn)的藝術(shù)的矯飾的攝影家，使我們想起了那些抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家，他們想象著通過專注于繪畫的物理行為來擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫的嚴(yán)肅思想），結(jié)合第二段提到的Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.（嚴(yán)肅的攝影師都聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見證事件、探索自我，但絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品。）推斷，作者在第三段介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家的例子，是要舉例說明這些畫家也如同當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣，擺脫了傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)目的，故A項“他要列舉這樣藝術(shù)家的例子，他們像當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣拋棄了傳統(tǒng)上被接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目的”正確。B項“他想在抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家和古典現(xiàn)代主義畫家之間找出相似點”不符合原文。C項“他要在流行藝術(shù)家和其它藝術(shù)家之間作一個對比”，文中在此處介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家是想和當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家進(jìn)行類比，而不是流行藝術(shù)家和其他藝術(shù)家的對比，所以C項不選。D項“他想解釋為什么嚴(yán)肅攝影，像其它當(dāng)代視覺形式一樣不是藝術(shù)，而且也不應(yīng)當(dāng)充作藝術(shù)”，文中沒有提到其他當(dāng)代視覺藝術(shù)形式不是藝術(shù)。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“19世紀(jì)的攝影捍衛(wèi)者是如何強(qiáng)調(diào)攝影的？”。第一段最后兩句提到Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.（整個十九世紀(jì)，對攝影的捍衛(wèi)與將其確立為一門藝術(shù)的斗爭是一致的。有人指責(zé)攝影是一種沒有靈魂的和對現(xiàn)實機(jī)械性的復(fù)制，攝影工作者卻聲稱攝影不是復(fù)制品，而是一種特殊的觀察方式，是對平庸視覺的叛逆，和繪畫一樣有藝術(shù)價值。），由此可推知，19世紀(jì)的攝影捍衛(wèi)者認(rèn)為攝影和繪畫一樣具有藝術(shù)價值，它是一種藝術(shù)，所以D項“這是一種可與繪畫相媲美的藝術(shù)”正確。A項“他們強(qiáng)調(diào)攝影是一種讓人快樂的方式”沒有提到。B項“它是記錄世界的藝術(shù)”和C項“這是一種公正地觀察世界的裝置”是當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對自己工作的聲稱，并不是攝影捍衛(wèi)者強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

14.填空題

Thesituationcomedy(orsitcom)dependsonaudience________withrecurringcharactersandconditionstoexplorelifeinthehome,workplace,orsomeothercommonlocation.(familiar)

【答案】familiarity

【解析】【考查點】名詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)動詞短語dependson，可知audience________為名詞短語，familiarity的意思為“熟悉”，符合語境，指的是觀眾對情景喜劇的反應(yīng)需要看他們對情景喜劇中的角色和環(huán)境有多熟悉。

【句意】情景喜劇要看觀眾對反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的角色和用來探索家庭、工作場所及其他常見場所的生活環(huán)境有多熟悉。

15.單選題

Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant______ofAmericanlife.

問題1選項

A.fashions

B.frontiers

C.facets

D.formats

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項fashions“時尚；時裝；樣式；方式；時髦人物”；B選項frontiers“前沿；邊界；國境”；C選項facets“面；方面；小平面”；D選項formats“格式；版式；開本”。句意：這本書大致介紹了這些根本的信仰和價值觀對美國人生活各個重要層面的影響。因此C選項正確。

16.單選題

The（

）preventsthepeopleinthetwoneighboringnationsfromlivinginpeace.

問題1選項

A.brevity

B.amenity

C.enmity

D.fidelity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。brevity“簡潔”；amenity“舒適，愉悅”；enmity“敵意，憎恨”；fidelity“忠誠”。題干中提到有一種東西會阻止兩鄰國友好相處，這種東西很明顯是enmity，選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

ScientistsonTuesdaypushedthehandsoftheinfamous“DoomsdayClock”forwardoneminutefromlastyear,signalingtheir______pessimismabouttheeffortsofworldleaderstohandleglobalthreats.

問題1選項

A.increase

B.increased

C.increasedly

D.increasing

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法知識。空格前是their形容詞性物主代詞，后是名詞pessimism悲觀主義，所以空格處應(yīng)填形容詞，可排除A和C。increased“增強(qiáng)的”；increasing“越來越也多的，漸增的”。句意：周二，科學(xué)家們把臭名昭著的“世界末日時鐘”撥快了一分鐘，比去年提前了一分鐘，這表明他們對世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人應(yīng)對全球威脅的努力持……悲觀態(tài)度。B選項強(qiáng)調(diào)“已經(jīng)增強(qiáng)的”，綜合句意D選項更符合。

18.單選題

Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandrelativesense:ThesurfaceoftheEarthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.

Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustultimatelybetakenintoaccount.

Inamarketeconomy,thepriceofagoodandthequantitysupplieddependonthecostofmakingit,andthatcost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thelabor,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere—iftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepricesofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheopportunitycostsofanitem?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources?

4.Whatdeterminesthepriceofagoodinamarketeconomy?

5.WhichofthefollowingexamplesBESTreflectsacosttosocietyasdefinedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Thescarcityofmanufacturedgoods.

B.Thevalueofscarcematerials.

C.Themanufacturingofscarcegoods.

D.Thecostofproducingshoes.

問題2選項

A.Theamountoftimeandmoneyspentinproducingit.

B.Theopportunitiesapersonhastobuyit.

C.Thevalueofwhatcouldhavebeenproducedinstead.

D.Thevalueoftheresourcesusedinitsproduction.

問題3選項

A.Availableresourcesstimulateproduction.

B.Resourcesaretotallyindependentofproduction.

C.Productionincreasesasresourcesincrease.

D.Productionlessenstheamountofavailableresources.

問題4選項

A.Thecostofallelementsinproduction.

B.Thecostofnotmakingothergoods.

C.Theefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocess.

D.Thequantityofmaterialssupplied.

問題5選項

A.Afamilybuyingadog.

B.Eatinginarestaurantinsteadofathome.

C.Usinglandforahouseinsteadofapark.

D.Stayingathomeinsteadofgoingtoschool.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知文章三段均圍繞短缺原料的價值進(jìn)行說明。文章第一段說明了什么叫原料相對短缺，第二段說明了什么叫機(jī)會成本，第三段說明了原料的價格是由什么決定的。A選項“制成品的缺乏”說法錯誤，文章更多的是描寫原料的短缺，而非制成品；B選項“稀有材料的價值”符合題意；C選項“稀有商品的制造”文章沒有提到；D選項“生產(chǎn)鞋子的成本”可定位到文章第三段“Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thelabor,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.（比如說，一雙鞋的成本就是皮革、勞動力、燃料和其他生產(chǎn)過程中所消耗的元素的價格。）”，由此可知D選項只是文章中列舉的一個例子，并不能概括全文。因此B選項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.（每一種生產(chǎn)行為都會消耗一些社會可用資源；它意味著放棄一個生產(chǎn)其他東西的機(jī)會。）”，由此可知機(jī)會成本是用可生產(chǎn)的其他商品來衡量的，所以C選項“可生產(chǎn)的其他商品的價值”符合題意。A選項“生產(chǎn)它所花費的時間和金錢”只能說是生產(chǎn)成本，不是機(jī)會成本；B選項“人們必須購買它的機(jī)會”；D選項“在生產(chǎn)中使用的資源的價值”文中都沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（用于一個目的產(chǎn)品的材料不能同時用于其他產(chǎn)品；如果投入的材料數(shù)量是有限的，那么在另一個制造過程中增加投入材料的使用量必然會導(dǎo)致投入的其他用途的可用性降低。）”，由此可知社會總資源是有限的，用掉其中一些就會使總量減少并限制其他商品的生產(chǎn)，所以D選項“生產(chǎn)減少了可用資源的數(shù)量”符合題意。A選項“可用資源刺激生產(chǎn)”文中沒有提到；B選項“資源完全獨立于生產(chǎn)”說法錯誤，資源不可能獨立于生產(chǎn)；C選項“產(chǎn)量隨著資源的增加而增加”說法錯誤，產(chǎn)量的增加不止取決于資源。因此D選項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Inamarketeconomy,thepriceofagoodandthequantitysup