(新高考)高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)精煉考向43 概要寫(xiě)作之語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型特征分析(解析版)

考向43概要寫(xiě)作之語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型特征分析概要寫(xiě)作與語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型概要寫(xiě)作實(shí)際上就是對(duì)所讀過(guò)的文章簡(jiǎn)要而概括地寫(xiě)出文章的中心大意。寫(xiě)概要時(shí)，考生要把文章的具體信息用一些具有概括功能的詞和句表述出來(lái)，而不是抄襲文章的句子。寫(xiě)概要也不是把細(xì)節(jié)性的信息作為中心，而是要通過(guò)對(duì)文章中的單詞、短語(yǔ)和句子進(jìn)行合理轉(zhuǎn)換，重新組織文章的信息，再用合適的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行表述。這種寫(xiě)作形式能考查考生的閱讀理解能力和對(duì)文章的大意進(jìn)行歸納概括、重新構(gòu)造、創(chuàng)新輸出的能力。[寫(xiě)作技法]一、題型特點(diǎn)要求考生進(jìn)行概要寫(xiě)作的閱讀材料原文詞數(shù)一般為300詞左右。文章體裁可以是記敘文、說(shuō)明文或者議論文。寫(xiě)作要求考生在對(duì)原文閱讀后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)出一篇約60詞的內(nèi)容概要。概要所用語(yǔ)句既要用詞準(zhǔn)確，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，語(yǔ)義連貫，不得抄寫(xiě)原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。二、注意事項(xiàng)1．詞數(shù)要限制在60詞左右，上下限不得超過(guò)10個(gè)單詞。2．要根據(jù)文章的體裁特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行概要寫(xiě)作。3．人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要與所給文章中的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，但必要時(shí)也可變換成第三人稱。4．寫(xiě)作時(shí)盡可能地使用復(fù)合句，必要時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換詞性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。三、寫(xiě)作步驟第一步：仔細(xì)審題速讀文章，確定文章的體裁和題材、人稱和時(shí)態(tài)以及寫(xiě)作要求等。第二步：細(xì)讀全文閱讀語(yǔ)篇時(shí)，根據(jù)文章不同的文體可采取以下方法：記敘文圈出記敘文的六要素(who,when,where,what,how,why)，如果是夾敘夾議文，還要寫(xiě)出故事給讀者帶來(lái)的啟示或寓意說(shuō)明文找出文章要說(shuō)明的對(duì)象、觀點(diǎn)或建議議論文提取議論文的三要素(論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論)第三步：初寫(xiě)成文初寫(xiě)概要時(shí)，根據(jù)文章不同的文體可采取以下方法：記敘文先用一兩句話串聯(lián)人、時(shí)、地、事等要素，再用三到五個(gè)句子簡(jiǎn)要描述事情的經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果說(shuō)明文找出要說(shuō)明對(duì)象的現(xiàn)象、原因等或解決問(wèn)題的措施、建議等議論文把議論文的三個(gè)要素(論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論)進(jìn)行合理地排序、整合和概括，使之語(yǔ)義上具有邏輯性和連貫性第四步：潤(rùn)色升級(jí)初寫(xiě)成文后，要對(duì)概要進(jìn)行潤(rùn)色升級(jí)，使用高級(jí)詞匯和高級(jí)句式代替平庸詞匯和一般句式，使之錦上添花。第五步：復(fù)查定稿寫(xiě)好概要后，要從語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義角度進(jìn)行通讀。對(duì)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤和語(yǔ)義不連貫處進(jìn)行修改潤(rùn)色。最后規(guī)范謄寫(xiě)在答題卷的指定位置。說(shuō)明文的概要寫(xiě)作

一、說(shuō)明文的寫(xiě)作順序

一是以空間為序?qū)κ挛镞M(jìn)行描寫(xiě)；二是以時(shí)間為序?qū)κ挛镞M(jìn)行描寫(xiě)；三是按邏輯順序?qū)κ挛镞M(jìn)行描寫(xiě)。其中，按“邏輯順序”描寫(xiě)的說(shuō)明文又分下面幾種：

一是描寫(xiě)某事物的性質(zhì)功用；二是針對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題提出解決方法或措施；三是介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因或本質(zhì)。

在“讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)”中，純粹的說(shuō)明文作為原文的形式出現(xiàn)比較少，不少文章的文體都是介于“說(shuō)明”和“議論”之間的，單純的說(shuō)明文作為“讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)”的原文主要是以“邏輯順序”出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)檫@樣才能更好地為主體部分的議論或敘述服務(wù)。

二、說(shuō)明文的構(gòu)成

說(shuō)明文通常由三部分構(gòu)成，第一部分為文章的第一段，呈獻(xiàn)文章所要介紹/說(shuō)明的對(duì)象或闡述的內(nèi)容；第二部分為文章的主體，或介紹事物的方位，或描述事物的性質(zhì)、功用，或提出解決方法，或說(shuō)明某種現(xiàn)象等；第三部分為結(jié)尾段，呼應(yīng)首段，歸結(jié)主題。為此，說(shuō)明文的寫(xiě)作，當(dāng)以簡(jiǎn)潔明了的語(yǔ)言描述事物、現(xiàn)象或過(guò)程。通常，說(shuō)明文中常會(huì)（在每段）有topicsentence出現(xiàn)，這為考生寫(xiě)作summary提供了幫助，但考生須對(duì)其作變通以免落下照抄原句之嫌。

三、概要寫(xiě)作模板

1.描寫(xiě)事物性質(zhì)功用

Inthepassagethewriterintroduces...(對(duì)象)tous,especiallyits...(性質(zhì)或功用),fromwhichweknow...(對(duì)象帶來(lái)的利好).

2.問(wèn)題+解決方法

Thepassagerepresents...(問(wèn)題)andbringsforthseveralmeasures/methodstosolvetheproblem,whichinclude...(方法1),...(方法2)and...(方法3).

3.現(xiàn)象+原因/本質(zhì)

(Theauthor/writerrepresents/introduces)...(現(xiàn)象)of...,because/but...(原因/本質(zhì)1),and...(原因/本質(zhì)2).四、概要寫(xiě)作句式（一）提出問(wèn)題:(現(xiàn)象，變化，影響，作用,例舉)1.Moreandmore(anincreasingnumberof)expertsargue(believe)thatcolorsinfluence(affect)ourmood,careerandhealth.2.Whatattractscustomers?Obviouslythelogocontributesagreatdeal.(Thelogoplaysanimportantrolein/hasapositiveeffectonattractingcustomers.)3.Thefirstmetaldetectorsweremeanttohelpminers.Theycostalotofmoney.Andworstofall,theydidn’tfunctionproperly.(Metaldetectorswerefirstusedtohelpminers,buttheycostmuch,anddidn’tworkwell.)4.Theyareinairports.Theyareincourthouses.Someschoolsusethem.(Manydetectorsarebeingusedinmanyplacessuchasschools,courthouses,andairports.)5.ThedistanceatwhichpeoplestandwhentheyspeaktendstobesmallerinChina,whileinNordicculturespeopleusuallystandfurtherapart.(Forexample,notallpeoplestandatthesamedistancewhenspeakingtoothers.)（二）分析問(wèn)題（原因，結(jié)果）1.Theircallshavebecometentimeslouder,astheseashavebecomenoisierthanbefore.(Whaleslearntoshoutasaresultofincreasednoisesintheocean.)2.Asrobotsstartdoingmoreandmoreworkweusedtodo,anddoingitmuchmoreefficiently,whatiftheneedforjobsdisappearsaltogether?Whatiftherobotsendup...(Peopleworryabouttheproblemscausedbyrobots’highefficiencyandsoon.)3.Psychologistssuggestthereareseveralreasonsforashoppingaddiction.Forsomepeople,...Forothers,...(Therearedifferentreasonswhypeoplebecomeshopaholics,suchasreducingstress,fightinglonelinessandsoon.)4.Somestudiesshowthatpatientssufferingfromdepressionwerehelpedbysimplytakingashower.(Takingcoldshowersleadtolessstress.)5.Smokingissaidtoleadtomoreheartdisease-relateddeaths.(Besides,smokingismorelikelytocauseheartdisease-relateddeaths.)（三）解決問(wèn)題(目的，提倡，避免，想法）1.Whatyoushouldbelookingforisflatground.+Ifit’spossible,youaresupposedtopitchcampinashadyplace.(Itisimportant/necessarytofindflatgroundwithshade.)2.Donotpitchyourtenttooclosetodeadtrees,becauseofthedangeroffallenbranches.(However,itisnotagoodidea(notadvisable)toplaceyourtentnexttodeadtrees,asyoumaybeindangeroffallenbranches.)3.Itisvitaltohaveastrongimage,whichisimmediatelyrecognisable.Weshouldrenewlogosconstantly.(Tobebetterrecognized,logosshouldberenewedtimely.不定式和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)！)4.Bygettingridoftheneedforpeopletowork,robotswouldfreeusuptothinkmoreaboutwhatreallymakesushuman.(Furthermore,asrobotssaveusalotoflabor,wehumansshouldfocusonthinkingaboutthevalueofhumans.增加因果關(guān)系)5.Infact,it’sarelationshipwithoutanyresponsibility.Weschbelievesthatit’svitalforpeopletousedigitalmediainpositivenewways.(AlthoughWeschpointsoutthatthisrelationshipinvolvesnorealresponsibility,hestillinsiststhatitisimportantforpeopletoapplythedigitalmediapositively.增加轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)（五）研究報(bào)告(1)表示文章的內(nèi)容以及研究目的①Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...②Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...(2)表示研究的結(jié)論①Theresultshowedthat...②Theauthorfoundthat...③Itwasconcludedthat...(3)表示推薦、觀點(diǎn)或建議Theauthorsuggests/considersthat...Suggestionsaremadefor...【檢測(cè)訓(xùn)練】1.閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Itisnoone’sjobtobelieveinyou,andnoonewill,unlessyoubelieveinyourself.Beliefthatyoucanachievewhateveryousetyourmindtowillkeepyouworkingwhenothersgiveup,anditwillgiveyouthetoolsyouneedtocraftyourownsuccessfromanysituation.Anynaturaltalentyouhaveisnotenough.Talentisonlythebeginning.Successisonlyachievedthroughhoursandhoursofhardwork,ofbeingknockeddownbutrefusingtoquit,andifyouareunwillingtoputintheeffort,youwillbeovertakenbythosewhosimplywantitmore.Partofsuccessisbeingabletocopewithfailure.Whatifyougiveyourbest,andyoustillfail?Myanswertothat,isthis:IwouldsoonerlookmyselfintheeyeandknowIdidmybest,thanknowIfailedbecauseIwasheldbackbyfear.Thereisnohonourinbeingabletosaythatyoucouldhavedonebetterifyouhadtriedharder.TherowingracethatIammostproudofwasactuallyonethatIlost,asitistheoneIknowIgavemyallto.Noonecanaskformorethanyourbest,andifyougiveyourbestthenyouhavenotfailed.Sohowdoyoustopthetaskathandfromfeelingtoooverwhelming?Howdoyoupaceyourselfforagoalyouknowwilltaketwoyearstoachieve?Howdoyoucopewiththepressure?Thereisaskilltonotthinkingtoofarahead.Youmustdisciplineyourselftofocusonwhatyouneedtodoonaday-by-daybasis.Bigdreamsaremadeoflittlegoals.Completeonetaskatatime,brilliantly,andthenthenext,andthenext.Dothisforlongenough,andyouwillgetthere.Whenyoudo,youcanfinallystepbackandappreciatethatyouhaveachievedsomethingincredible.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】Therearethreekeystosuccess:believinginyourself,facingfailurebravelyandstartingfromsmallgoals.Onceyousetagoal,dostrivehard.(要點(diǎn)1)Eveniffailureoccurstoyou,faceitbravelyandpayattentiontowhatandyoudoandhowyoudoitontheway.(要點(diǎn)2)Youshouldn’tbeeasilydefeatedbyfailure.Thereareskillstosucceedinaccomplishinggoals:breakingbigdreamsintosmallgoalsonebyone,andaccomplishingthemgradually.(要點(diǎn)3)【寫(xiě)作分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章議論了成功的三個(gè)關(guān)鍵：相信自己，勇敢面對(duì)失敗，從小目標(biāo)做起?！緦?xiě)作步驟】1.要點(diǎn)摘錄①I(mǎi)tisnoone’sjobtobelieveinyou,andnoonewill,unlessyoubelieveinyourself.②Successisonlyachievedthroughhoursandhoursofhardwork,ofbeingknockeddownbutrefusingtoquit,andifyouareunwillingtoputintheeffort,youwillbeovertakenbythosewhosimplywantitmore.③Partofsuccessisbeingabletocopewithfailure.④Thereisaskilltonotthinkingtoofarahead.⑤Bigdreamsaremadeoflittlegoals.Completeonetaskatatime,brilliantly,andthenthenext,andthenext.2.縝密構(gòu)思將第1、2和4、5兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合。3.遣詞造句Therearethreekeystosuccess:believinginyourself,facingfailurebravelyandstartingfromsmallgoals.Onceyousetagoal,dostrivehard.Eveniffailureoccurstoyou,faceitbravelyandpayattentiontowhatandyoudoandhowyoudoitontheway.Youshouldn’tbeeasilydefeatedbyfailure.Thereareskillstosucceedinaccomplishinggoals:breakingbigdreamsintosmallgoalsonebyone,andaccomplishingthemgradually.【寫(xiě)作亮點(diǎn)】[高分句型1]：Onceyousetagoal,dostrivehard.該句對(duì)文章第一段進(jìn)行概括，句中，once引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)高級(jí)。[高分句型2]：Eveniffailureoccurstoyou,faceitbravelyandpayattentiontowhatandyoudoandhowyoudoitontheway.句中，what和how引導(dǎo)名詞性賓語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)高級(jí)。2.閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Asisknown,ifweareunitednoonecandefeatus.Butifweconstantlyhaveconflictsormisunderstandings,wemayattractoutsiderstotakeadvantageofourselves,whichmayultimatelyresultinourfailure.Unityisthesourceofstrengthandpeoplewhoareunitedhavethecapabilitytotackleanykindofsituationastheyshareeachother’sburdensandhardships.Inoldendays,manlivedalone.Hetravelledandhuntedallbyhimself,whichsometimesgaveopportunitiestofierceanimaltoattackandkillhim.Thenherealizedthatifhejoinedhandswithotherhunters,hewouldbeabletofaceseveralcommondangersandchallenges.Thisishow,villagesgotformed,whichlatergotdevelopedintothetownsandcities.Inthesportsground,beitcricket,football,baseball,basketballoranykindofsport,aunitedteamandanappropriatestrategymaycontributetothesuccessoftheteam,butifthereisaconflictorunhealthycompetitionorunnecessarymisunderstandingamongtheteammembers,theymayinvitetheopponentstotakeadvantageoftheirshortcomingsandwinthegame.Likewise,ifthemembersofafamilystaytogetherandsupporteachotherineveryphaseoflife,nooutsiderscanharmthefamily.Therewasonceanoldmanwholivedinavillagewithhisthreesons.Thesonsalwaysfoughtwitheachotherandwouldnotpayanyattentiontotheirfather.Themanfellsickandassumedthathewoulddiesoon;hewasveryworriedaboutthefactthatoncehedied,peoplewouldtakeadvantageofhissons’conflicts.Hecalledallhissonsandaskedthemtobreakabundleofsticks,onebyone.Noneofthemcoulddoit.Hethenuntiedthebundleandgaveeachsticktoeachoneofthemaskingthemtobreak,whichtheycouldveryconvenientlyaccomplish.Hethentoldhissonsthattheyshouldstaylikethebundleofstickssothatnoonecanbreakthem;butiftheykeeponfighting,theywillbebrokenbytheoutsiderseasily.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】Itiswellknownthatunitedwestandanddividedwefall.(要點(diǎn)1)Inancienttimes,huntersmadejointeffortstocopewithdangersandchallenges,thusformingvillagesandlaterdevelopingintotownsandcities.(要點(diǎn)2)Surely,unityhasagreatsignificanceinpeople’sliveswhetherinthesportsgroundorinafamily.(要點(diǎn)3)Thedyingman’sstoryofsticksalsoshowstheimportanceofunity.(要點(diǎn)4)【寫(xiě)作分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹說(shuō)，眾所周知，合則立，分則亡。在古代，獵人共同努力應(yīng)對(duì)危險(xiǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)，因此形成了村莊，后來(lái)發(fā)展成城鎮(zhèn)和城市。當(dāng)然，團(tuán)結(jié)在人們的生活中有著重要的意義，無(wú)論是在體育場(chǎng)上還是在家庭中。這個(gè)垂死之人的故事也顯示了團(tuán)結(jié)的重要性?！緦?xiě)作步驟】1.要點(diǎn)摘錄①Asisknown,ifweareunitednoonecandefeatus.Butifweconstantlyhaveconflictsormisunderstandings,wemayattractoutsiderstotakeadvantageofourselves,whichmayultimatelyresultinourfailure.②Thenherealizedthatifhejoinedhandswithotherhunters,hewouldbeabletofaceseveralcommondangersandchallenges.Thisishow,villagesgotformed,whichlatergotdevelopedintothetownsandcities.③aunitedteamandanappropriatestrategymaycontributetothesuccessoftheteam,butifthereisaconflictorunhealthycompetitionorunnecessarymisunderstandingamongtheteammembers,theymayinvitetheopponentstotakeadvantageoftheirshortcomingsandwinthegame.Likewise,ifthemembersofafamilystaytogetherandsupporteachotherineveryphaseoflife,nooutsiderscanharmthefamily.④Hethentoldhissonsthattheyshouldstaylikethebundleofstickssothatnoonecanbreakthem;butiftheykeeponfighting,theywillbebrokenbytheoutsiderseasily.2.縝密構(gòu)思將第1要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總說(shuō)，將第2、3、4三個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分說(shuō)。3.遣詞造句Itiswellknownthatunitedwestandanddividedwefall.Inancienttimes,huntersmadejointeffortstocopewithdangersandchallenges,thusformingvillagesandlaterdevelopingintotownsandcities.Surely,unityhasagreatsignificanceinpeople’sliveswhetherinthesportsgroundorinafamily.Thedyingman’sstoryofsticksalsoshowstheimportanceofunity.【寫(xiě)作亮點(diǎn)】[高分句型1]Itiswellknownthatunitedwestandanddividedwefall.運(yùn)用一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句對(duì)原文第一段進(jìn)行了概括。[高分句型2])Inancienttimes,huntersmadejointeffortstocopewithdangersandchallenges,thusformingvillagesandlaterdevelopingintotownsandcities.運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在分詞，對(duì)第二段進(jìn)行了概括。3.閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Ifyou’reanythinglikeus,itseemsthatyourstomachstartstogrumble(隆隆響)assoonasMcDonald’sgoldenarchescomeintoview.Thereasonbehindthatisn’tthemouthwateringtasteoftheirdeliciousfries—thisishowtheygetthemtotastesogoodbytheway—it’sactuallypsychological,andithastodowiththecolorsoftheirlogo.Thecolorsredandyellowwerechosenforaspecificreason,anditwasn’tbecausetheylookednicewithRonaldMcDonald’sclown-likeface.Itactuallyhastodowithscience.Thecolorredisstimulatingandisassociatedwithbeingactive.Italsoincreasesheartrate,whichhelpstojumpstartyourappetite.Thecoloryellowisassociatedwithhappinessandisthemostvisiblecolorindaylight,sothat’swhyaMcDonald’ssignissoeasytospotonacrowdedroad.Thebrainprocessescolorbeforeitprocesseswordsorshapes,sothat’swhythefast-foodchainchosethesetwocolorsfortheirlogoandbrand.Redandyellowmakesyouhungry,encouragingyoutowanttobuytheproducttheysell,whilealsomakingyoufeelhappy.McDonald’shasstartedtousethiscolorphilosophytoinfluenceandchangethewaypeoplecurrentlythinkabouttheirbrandaswell.Manyfranchises(授權(quán)經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商)inEuropehavestartedtoincorporatemoreofthecolorgreenintotheirstorefrontsandinteriordesignbecauseit’sassociatedwithnatureandbeingenvironmentallyfriendly,somethingMcDonald’shasbeencriticizedfornotbeinginthepast.Thecompanyhasbeenworkingtobecomegreenerbyusingenvironmentallyfriendlyrefrigerationandconvertingusedoilintobiodiesel(生物柴油)fuel.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】Thereasonwhypeoplecan’tresistthetemptationofMcDonald’sispsychologicallyconnectedwithcolorsofthelogo.(要點(diǎn)1)Yellowandredwerechosentohelpincreasepeople’sappetiteandmakethestoresigneasytospot.(要點(diǎn)2)Anotherreasonisthatthehumanbrainprocessescolorbeforewordsorshapes.(要點(diǎn)3)NowadaysMcDonald’stakesadvantageofthecolorphilosophytobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendlybyincorporatingmoregreencolorintotheirstoredesign.(要點(diǎn)4)【寫(xiě)作分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。人們之所以無(wú)法抗拒麥當(dāng)勞的誘惑，與logo的顏色有心理上的聯(lián)系。選擇黃色和紅色是為了增加人們的食欲，讓商店的招牌更容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。另一個(gè)原因是，人類(lèi)大腦在處理文字或形狀之前處理顏色。如今，麥當(dāng)勞利用色彩理念，將更多的綠色融入到他們的店面設(shè)計(jì)中，從而變得更加環(huán)保?！緦?xiě)作步驟】1要點(diǎn)摘錄①Thereasonbehindthatisn’tthemouthwateringtasteoftheirdeliciousfries—thisishowtheygetthemtotastesogoodbytheway—it’sactuallypsychological,andithastodowiththecolorsoftheirlogo.②Thecolorsredandyellowwerechosenforaspecificreason.③Italsoincreasesheartrate,whichhelpstojumpstartyourappetite.④Thecoloryellowisassociatedwithhappinessandisthemostvisiblecolorindaylight,sothat’swhyaMcDonald’ssignissoeasytospotonacrowdedroad.⑤Thebrainprocessescolorbeforeitprocesseswordsorshapes,sothat’swhythefast-foodchainchosethesetwocolorsfortheirlogoandbrand.⑥McDonald’shasstartedtousethiscolorphilosophytoinfluenceandchangethewaypeoplecurrentlythinkabouttheirbrandaswell.⑦M(jìn)anyfranchisesinEuropehavestartedtoincorporatemoreofthecolorgreenintotheirstorefrontsandinteriordesignbecauseit’sassociatedwithnatureandbeingenvironmentallyfriendly2.縝密構(gòu)思將第2、3、4個(gè)要點(diǎn)整合，將第6、7個(gè)要點(diǎn)整合。3.遣詞造句Itispsychologicallyconnectedwithcolorsofthelogowhypeoplecan’tresistthetemptationofMcDonald’s.Thereasonwhyyellowandredwerechosenisthattheycanhelpincreasepeople’sappetiteandmakethestoresigneasytospot.【寫(xiě)作亮點(diǎn)】[高分句型1]Thereasonwhypeoplecan’tresistthetemptationofMcDonald’sispsychologicallyconnectedwithcolorsofthelogo.運(yùn)用一個(gè)復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句對(duì)原文第一段進(jìn)行了概括。其中why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)高級(jí)。[高分句型2]：Yellowandredwerechosentohelpincreasepeople’sappetiteandmakethestoresigneasytospot.用todo不定式表目的對(duì)第二段進(jìn)行了概括，且用easy作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表達(dá)非常高級(jí)。[高分句型3]：Anotherreasonisthatthehumanbrainprocessescolorbeforewordsorshapes.用一個(gè)復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句概括了第三段內(nèi)容。其中that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)比較高級(jí)。4.閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Anallergy,alsoknownasanallergicdisease,isanimmunesystemreactiontonormallyharmlessthings,suchasdust，plants,animalsorcertainfoods.Symptomsvarydependingontheallergy.Commoncoldsymptomssuchaslowfever,sneezing,andasorethroatmayallindicateallergies.Whatcausesanallergicreactionisaquestionstillpuzzlingscientists.Typesofallergieshavegreatlyincreasesincethemid-20thcentury，leadingsomeexpertstosuggesttheincreasedenvironmentalpollutionisheldresponsible.Someexpertssuggestthatallergiesarerelatedwithgeneswithtwinsbeingparticularlylikelytosharethesameproblems.Often，anallergicreactionwilldevelopinchildhoodsbutsincemanyreactionsarelikelytoworsenwithrepeatedexposure,symptomscanstarttoappearatanyage.However，somepeoplemayovercomechildhoodallergieswithagegrowing.Testingforanallergycanbeatrickyprocess，particularlyifanallergicreactioncouldthreatenthevictim'slife.Doctorsoftenuseaskintestmethodforavarietyofpossibleallergicreactions.Inskintesting,atinyamountofanallergen(過(guò)敏原)isshotintoamarkedplaceofskintoseeiftheskinreactsnegatively.Ifseriousreactionsareaconcern,doctorscanalsouseabloodtest，althoughthistakesmoretimeandmaybelessaccuratethanskintesting.Treatmentmaydependonthetypeandseveredegreeofthepatientallergicresponse.Insomemildcases，suchassneezingcausedbyanimalexposure，patientsaretoldtoavoidexposurewhenpossible.Avoidingthefoodisalsokeywithmanyfoodallergies,particularlythosethatcancausesevereresponses.Whenavoidingisimpossible,somedoctorsmayrecommendshots.Thisintendstobuilduptoleranceintheimmunesystembyexposingthepatienttoincreasingsmallamountsoftheallergenovertime.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】Anallergyisareactionperformedbytheimmunesystemtocommonthingswithvarioussymptoms.Asissuggested,itisconnectedwithenvironmentalpollutionorgenes,whileitsrealcausesarestillunclear.Besides，mostallergieswilldevelopwithrepeatedexposure,butsomemaybeovercome.Totestforanallergy,askintestisoftenavailable,andabloodtestisalsoappliedifnecessary.Moreover，incaseoftheactualconditions，withavoidingexposurebeingmostimportant,differenttreatmentsareusedaccordingly.【寫(xiě)作分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹過(guò)敏。過(guò)敏可能表現(xiàn)出各種癥狀。過(guò)敏的測(cè)試過(guò)程是很困難的，只有避免接觸過(guò)敏原才能避免過(guò)敏?！緦?xiě)作步驟】1要點(diǎn)摘錄①Anallergy,alsoknownasanallergicdisease,isanimmunesystemreactiontonormallyharmlessthings.②Whatcausesanallergicreactionisaquestionstillpuzzlingscientists.③Someexpertssuggesttheincreasedenvironmentalpollutionisheldresponsible.④Someexpertssuggestthatallergiesarerelatedwithgeneswithtwinsbeingparticularlylikelytosharethesameproblems.⑤Testingforanallergycanbeatrickyprocess.⑥D(zhuǎn)octorsoftenuseaskintestmethodforavarietyofpossibleallergicreactions.Ifseriousreactionsareaconcern,doctorscanalsouseabloodtest.⑦Treatmentmaydependonthetypeandseveredegreeofthepatientallergicresponse.2.縝密構(gòu)思將第1個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)；第2、3、4三個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重組；將第5、6兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合；將第7個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重寫(xiě)。3.遣詞造句Anallergyisareactionperformedbytheimmunesystemtocommonthingswithvarioussymptoms.Asissuggested,itisconnectedwithenvironmentalpollutionorgenes,whileitsrealcausesarestillunclear.Totestforanallergy,askintestisoftenavailable,andabloodtestisalsoappliedifnecessary.Incaseoftheactualconditions，withavoidingexposurebeingmostimportantdifferenttreatmentsareusedaccordingly.【寫(xiě)作亮點(diǎn)】[高分句型1]Asissuggested,itisconnectedwithenvironmentalpollutionorgenes,whileitsrealcausesarestillunclear.運(yùn)用了as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，把要點(diǎn)3、4進(jìn)行了重組，while表示對(duì)比，對(duì)第二個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了闡述。[高分句型2]Totestforanallergy,askintestisoftenavailable,andabloodtestisalsoappliedifnecessary.運(yùn)用了不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)，引出第5個(gè)要點(diǎn)，同時(shí)其后使用了and的并列句，對(duì)第6個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了壓縮。5.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Collegestudentsneedtextbookstohelpthemlearnandearnanacademicdegree.However,ontopoftuition,roomandboardandmeals,whyaretextbookssoexpensive?Textbookscovermanyareasofknowledge.Theyarepreparedspecificallywithalotofinformationthatincludemanyoriginalpictures,specialcharts,andspecificdata.Textbooksareextremelyusefultostudentsforlearningandprofitableforthecompaniesthatpublishthem.Whiletextbookscanbeafinancialburdenonthestudent,theycanbeprofitableforabookscouter(偵察員).Abookscouterisanopportunistwhobuyscheapusedbooksatthriftstores(二手店)orbooksales,andsellsthemformoremoney.Brandnewtextbooksarethemostdesiredofbooksforscouterssincetheytypicallycostover$100.Ofcourse,usedtextbooksdon’tcostasmuch.Butwhenthescoutergoestoathriftstoreandbooksalesatlibraries,textbookscancostaslittleasseveraldollars.So,buyingusedtextbooksthatarenewisoneofthemostprofitablebooksthatsellerscanbuy.Unfortunately,manycollegetextbookeditionschangeeveryyear,whicheliminates(消除)thestudent’schancetouselastyear’sedition.So,theywillhavetopaymoremoneyforbrandnewtextbooks.Thesadrealityisthatveryfewchangesaregenerallymadebetweeneditions.Bookscouterssearchfortextbooksaswellasothercategoriesofbooksavailableatlocalthriftstoresorbooksales.Textbooksthatareneworrelativelynewaremarkeddowntojustafewdollars.ThentheycanbesoldonAmazonforpotentiallyhighprofits.Amazonbuysnewtextbooksforalotmoremoneythanmostothertypesofbooks.Ifyouwanttotryscoutingtextbookstomakeaprofit,buytheirnewesteditionsortheonesaheadofthem.Buyitinthebestconditionpossible.Ifyouliveinatownorcitywherethereisauniversity,youhaveabetterchanceoffindinggoodtextbooks.Althoughtextbookscanbeexpensivefortheaveragestudent,heorshecouldpotentiallysellthemonAmazonforthesamepricethattheywerepurchased.Justremember,knowledgeispowerandcanbeprofitabletoo.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】Textbookburdensstudentsfinanciallybutisprofitableforbookscouters.(要點(diǎn)1)Theybuyusedbutnewbooksandsellthemoutforextramoney.(要點(diǎn)2)However,becauseofthesubtleeditionschange,studentshavetobuynewbooks.(要點(diǎn)3)Therefore,it’swisetobuythenewestversionformoreprofits.(要點(diǎn)4)Andstudentscanselltheirbooksoutagainforthesamepricetheyboughtwhentheydon’tusethemanymore.(要點(diǎn)5)【寫(xiě)作分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了二手教科書(shū)回收者通過(guò)回收使用過(guò)但是依舊保存良好的的課本并出售來(lái)賺錢(qián)這一現(xiàn)象?！緦?xiě)作步驟】1要點(diǎn)摘錄①Whiletextbookscanbeafinancialburdenonthestudent,theycanbeprofitableforabookscouter.②So,buyingusedtextbooksthatarenewisoneofthemostprofitablebooksthatsellerscanbuy.③Unfortunately,manycollegetextbookeditionschangeeveryyear,whichmakesstudentspaymoremoneyforbrandnewtextbooks.④Ifyouwanttotryscoutingtextbookstomakeaprofit,buytheirnewesteditionsortheonesaheadofthem.⑤Althoughtextbookscanbeexpensivefortheaveragestudent,heorshecouldpotentiallysellthemonAmazonforthesamepricethattheywerepurchased.2.縝密構(gòu)思將各要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合，使得邏輯連貫。3.遣詞造句Textbookscanbeafinancialburdenonthestudentbutbeprofitableforabookscouter.Bookscoutersbuyusedbookswhicharenewandsellthemoutforprofits.However,textbookeditionshavesubtlechangeeveryyear,whichmakesstudentshavetobuybrandnewtextbooks.Therefore,ifyouwanttomakemoreprofit,buythenewestversion.Studentscanalsoselltheirbooksoutforthesamepricethattheywerepurchasedwhentheydon’tusethemanymore.【寫(xiě)作亮點(diǎn)】[高分句型1]However,becauseofthesubtleeditionschange,studentshavetobuynewbooks.運(yùn)用介詞短語(yǔ)becauseof…作狀語(yǔ)對(duì)第三段大部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了概括。[高分句型2]Andstudentscanselltheirbooksoutagainforthesamepricetheyboughtwh