考研考博-英語-嘉興職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-嘉興職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.填空題

ThesedocumentsareallinChinese.Weneedto（1）themtranslated（2）Englishintime（3）themeetingwiththeforeignbusinessmen（4）Friday.

句意:這些文件都是漢語，我們需要在周五和外商開會前及時將他們翻譯成英語。

【答案】1.get

2.into

3.before

4.on

【解析】1.語法題。使役動詞get在這里表示“使翻譯成…”。

2.固定搭配。Translate…into…將…翻譯成…

3.語義題。句意:在會議開始之前。

4.語法題?？疾榻樵~。在具體的某天前用介詞on。

2.翻譯題

人類是一個不斷自然進(jìn)化過程的產(chǎn)物，其中包括無數(shù)次的遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化：這一不可阻擋的進(jìn)程自45億年前地球形成以來就一直未曾間斷過。這一進(jìn)化過程，受環(huán)境因素的影響，經(jīng)過隨機(jī)突變，形成了更具適應(yīng)性的系統(tǒng)，從而保證了其連續(xù)性。在動物世界，這導(dǎo)致了更高級物種的進(jìn)化，并在人類身上達(dá)到了極致，因?yàn)槿祟愐呀?jīng)獲得了創(chuàng)新思維的能力。我認(rèn)為這標(biāo)志著進(jìn)化進(jìn)入了一個非常重要的階段，使一個物種首次有能力掌握了自身命運(yùn)。

Directions:InthispartyouarerequiredtotranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteitontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】Humanbeingsaretheproductofacontinuousprocessofnaturalevolution,includingnumerousgenetictransformations:aninexorableprocessthathasbeengoingonuninterruptedsincetheearthformed4.5billionyearsago.Thisevolutionaryprocess,influencedbyenvironmentalfactors,throughrandommutation,formedamoreadaptablesystem,thusensuringitscontinuity.Intheanimalworld,thishasledtotheevolutionofhigherspecies,culminatinginhumans,whohaveacquiredtheabilitytothinkcreatively,thinkthismarksaveryimportantstageinevolution,thefirsttimeaspecieshasbeenabletocontrolitsowndestiny.

3.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.

在哥本哈根會議遇到困難，許多國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人準(zhǔn)備打道回府的時候，我堅(jiān)持同各方斡旋，與各國共同努力，最終達(dá)成哥本哈根協(xié)議。這個成果是來之不易的，也是在涉及各國重大利益問題上可能取得的最好成果。

哥本哈根會議結(jié)束以后，1月份我就致函聯(lián)合國秘書長和丹麥?zhǔn)紫啵瑘?jiān)定地表示，中國高度評價和支持哥本哈根會議決議的立場。就在最近，我們又致函聯(lián)合國，表示我們?nèi)嬷С指绫竟鶗h決議的立場，并且申明中國列入支持《哥本哈根協(xié)議》的名單國。

為什么總拿中國做文章？我至今不明白。氣候變化問題關(guān)系到人類的生存，也關(guān)系到各國的利益，關(guān)系到世界的公平和正義。我們堅(jiān)持“共同但有個別的責(zé)任”原則是完全正確的，我們將繼續(xù)同世界各國一同推進(jìn)應(yīng)對氣候變化的進(jìn)程。

【答案】WhentheCopenhagenConferenceranintodifficultiesandmanyworldleaderswerereadytogohome,IinsistedonworkingwithallpartiesandothercountriestoreachanagreementinCopenhagen.Thisresultishard-won,anditisthebestthatcanbeachievedonissuesthataffecttheinterestsofallcountries.

AftertheCopenhagenConference,IwroteletterstotheUNSecretary-GeneralandtheDanishPrimeMinisterinJanuary,firmlystatingthatChinahighlyvaluesandsupportstheCopenhagenConferenceresolution.Justrecently,wewrotetotheUnitedNations,expressingourfullsupportfortheCopenhagenConferenceresolutionandaffirmingChina’sinclusioninthelistofcountriessupportingtheCopenhagenAccord.

WhydoyoualwaysmakeanissueofChina?Istilldon’tunderstand.Climatechangeconcernsnotonlythesurvivalofmankind,butalsotheinterestsofallcountriesandthefairnessandjusticeoftheworld.Itisentirelycorrectforustoadheretotheprincipleof“commonbutseparateresponsibilities”.Wewillcontinuetoworkwithothercountriestotackleclimatechange.

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots.Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.

Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain;theyarealsoalignedfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,withthemostrecentvolcanicactivityneartheireasternterminuses.

ThatthePacificplateandtheotherplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute;therelativemotionoftheplateshasbeenreconstructedindetail.HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso.Severalstudiessupportsuchanassumption,includingonethathasshownthatprominenthotspotsthroughouttheworldseemnottohavemovedduringthepasttenmillionyears.

Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,materialwellingupfromdeeperlayersformsabroaddomethat,asitgrows,developsdeepfissures.Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates,sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability.

23.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

24.Accordingtothepassage,hotspotsdifferfrommostvolcanoesinthathotspots（）.

25.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatevidencefortheapparentcourseofthePacificplatehasbeenprovidedbythe（）.

26.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthespreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspotsindicatesthata（）.

27.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge?

28.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldbestsupporttheauthor’sstatementthathot-spotactivitymayexplainthemutabilityofcontinentalplates?

29.Theauthor’sargumentthathotspotscanbeusedtoreconstructthemovementofcontinentalplatesisweakenedbythefactthat（）.

30.Theauthor’sstylecanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.describethewayinwhichhotspotsinfluencetheextinctionofvolcanoes

B.describeandexplaintheformationoftheoceansandcontinents

C.explainhowtoestimatetheageoflavaflowsfromextinctvolcanoes

D.describehotspotsandexplainhowtheyappeartoinfluenceandrecordthemotionofplates

E.describetheformationandorientationofislandchainsinthePacificOcean

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.canonlybefoundnearislands

B.areactivewhereasallothervolcanoesareextinct

C.aresituatedclosertotheearth’ssurface

D.canbefoundalongtheedgesoftheplates

E.havegreateramountsofalkalimetalsintheirlavas

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.contoursofthecontinents

B.dimensionsofoceanhotspots

C.concurrentmovementoftwohotspots

D.patternoffissuresintheoceanfloor

E.configurationsofseveralmid-oceanislandchains

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hotspotisactive

B.continentalplatehasmoved

C.continentalruptureisimminent

D.hotspothadbeenmovingveryrapidly

E.volcanocontainslargeconcentrationsofalkalimetals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thethreechainsofislandsaremovingeastward.

B.Alltheislandsinthethreechainshavestoppedmoving.

C.Thethreeislandchainsarearesultofthesameplatemovement.

D.TheHawaiianIslandsarerecedingfromtheothertwoislandchainsatarelativelyrapidrate.

E.TheAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidgechainshavemovedclosertogetherwhereastheHawaiianIslandshaveremainedstationary.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Hotspotsmovemorerapidlythanthecontinentalandoceanicplate.

B.Hotspotsarereliableindicatorsoftheageofcontinentalplates.

C.Hotspotsareregionsofvolcanicactivityfoundonlyintheinteriorsofthecontinentalplates.

D.ThealignmentsofthehotspotsinthePacificOceanparallelsthealignmentofthePacificOceanislands.

E.ThecoastlinesofAfricaandSouthAmericasuggestthattheymayoncehaveconstitutedasinglecontinentthatrupturedalongalineofhotspots.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.hotspotsareneverfoundattheboundariesofplates

B.onlyextinctvolcanoesremainafteraplatemovesoverahotspot

C.lavaflowpatternsforallhotspotshavenotbeenshowntobethesame

D.theimmobilityornearimmobilityofhotspotshasnotbeenconclusivelyproven

E.thechangingconfigurationsofislandsmakepinpointingthelocationsofhotspotsdifficult

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.dramatic

B.archaic

C.esoteric

D.objective

E.humanistic

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:E

第3題:E

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:E

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】23.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：描述熱點(diǎn)如何影響火山的滅絕；B：描述并解釋海洋和大陸的形成；C：解釋如何估計(jì)死火山熔巖流的年齡；D：描述熱點(diǎn)并解釋它們?nèi)绾斡绊懞陀涗洶鍓K的運(yùn)動；E：描述太平洋島鏈的形成和方向。本文介紹了火山活動地區(qū)，即熱點(diǎn)，并且詳細(xì)解釋了它們是如何影響和記錄板塊運(yùn)動的：除了作為參照系外，熱點(diǎn)顯然還影響著推動板塊橫穿全球的地球物理過程。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

24.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：只能在島嶼附近找到；B：是活火山，而其他的都是死火山；C：離地球表面更近；D：可以沿著板塊的邊緣找到；E：熔巖中有更多的堿金屬。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞hotspots以及volcanoes可定位至第一段：Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins（與大多數(shù)火山不同的是，熱點(diǎn)很少出現(xiàn)在構(gòu)成地殼的大陸板塊和海洋板塊的邊界上；大多數(shù)熱點(diǎn)位于板塊內(nèi)部深處，并固定在地球表面的深層。熱點(diǎn)與其他火山的區(qū)別還在于它們的熔巖，這些熔巖比那些來自板塊邊緣的火山含有更多的堿金屬）。由此可知，E項(xiàng)“熔巖中有更多的堿金屬”正確。

25.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：大陸的輪廓；B：海洋熱點(diǎn)尺寸；C：兩個熱點(diǎn)同時移動；D：海底裂縫的模式；E：幾個大洋中部島鏈的構(gòu)造。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Pacificplate可定位至第二段：Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain（在某些情況下，板塊經(jīng)過熱點(diǎn)時會留下死火山的痕跡，就像風(fēng)吹過煙囪時會噴出一股濃煙一樣。夏威夷群島似乎就是這樣形成的，由一個單一的熔巖源從熱點(diǎn)涌出，太平洋板塊大致經(jīng)過熱點(diǎn)從東到西北，伴隨著一系列年齡不斷增長的火山，另外兩個太平洋島鏈——南海嶺和土阿莫土海嶺——平行于夏威夷島鏈的結(jié)構(gòu)）。由此可知太平洋板塊明顯的運(yùn)動軌跡的證據(jù)是由幾個大洋中部島鏈的構(gòu)造提供的，故選E項(xiàng)，其余選項(xiàng)并不符合題意。

26.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：熱點(diǎn)是活躍的；B：大陸板塊移動了；C：大陸破裂迫在眉睫；D：“熱點(diǎn)”移動得非?？欤籈：火山含有大量的堿金屬。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞spreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspots可定位至第三段：Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence（大陸板塊是靜止的最有力的證據(jù)是，在一些熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)，幾個時代的熔巖是重疊的，而不是按時間順序排列的），而該句前面指出：Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit（熱點(diǎn)提供了測量儀器，可以用來解決這樣一個問題：兩個大陸板塊是朝相反的方向移動，還是一個靜止不動而另一個正遠(yuǎn)離它而漂移）。因此，B項(xiàng)“大陸板塊移動了”是正確選項(xiàng)。

27.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：這三個群島正在向東移動；B：三個島鏈上的所有島嶼都停止了移動；C：這三個島鏈?zhǔn)峭话鍓K運(yùn)動的結(jié)果；D：夏威夷群島正以相對較快的速度從其他兩個島鏈中撤退；E：南海嶺和土阿莫土海嶺鏈越來越靠近，而夏威夷群島則保持不變。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge可定位至第第二段：Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain（在某些情況下，板塊經(jīng)過熱點(diǎn)時會留下死火山的痕跡，就像風(fēng)吹過煙囪時會噴出一股濃煙一樣。夏威夷群島似乎就是這樣形成的，由一個單一的熔巖源從熱點(diǎn)涌出，太平洋板塊大致經(jīng)過熱點(diǎn)從東到西北，伴隨著一系列年齡不斷增長的火山，另外兩個太平洋島鏈——南海嶺和土阿莫土海嶺——平行于夏威夷島鏈的結(jié)構(gòu)）。因此，C項(xiàng)“這三個島鏈?zhǔn)峭话鍓K運(yùn)動的結(jié)果”正確，其余選項(xiàng)均不符合原文所述。

28.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：熱點(diǎn)比大陸和海洋板塊移動得更快，原文并未提及；B：熱點(diǎn)是大陸板塊年齡的可靠指標(biāo)，原文并未提及；C：熱點(diǎn)是僅在大陸板塊內(nèi)部發(fā)現(xiàn)的火山活動區(qū)，第一段指出：mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface（大多數(shù)熱點(diǎn)位于板塊內(nèi)部深處，并固定在地球表面的深層），原文只是說“大多數(shù)”，因此C項(xiàng)錯誤；D：太平洋熱點(diǎn)的排列與太平洋島嶼的排列是平行的，原文并未提及；E：非洲和南美洲的海岸線表明，它們可能曾經(jīng)構(gòu)成了一個單一的大陸，然后沿著一系列熱點(diǎn)斷裂。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞mutability可定位至最后一段最后一句：sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability（因此，熱點(diǎn)活動可能會提出一種理論來解釋它們的可變性），前面作者指出：Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates…（在某些情況下，大陸板塊可能會沿著一些裂縫完全斷裂，這樣熱點(diǎn)就會引發(fā)新的海洋的形成，因此，就像早先的理論解釋了大陸板塊的流動性一樣），因此E選項(xiàng)“非洲和南美洲的海岸線表明，它們可能曾經(jīng)構(gòu)成了一個單一的大陸，然后沿著一系列熱點(diǎn)斷裂”能夠最好證明作者觀點(diǎn)：熱點(diǎn)活動可以解釋大陸板塊的可變性。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：在板塊的邊界永遠(yuǎn)不會發(fā)現(xiàn)熱點(diǎn)；B：當(dāng)板塊移動到一個熱點(diǎn)上時，只有死火山仍然存在；C：并不是所有熱點(diǎn)的熔巖流模式都是一樣的；D：熱點(diǎn)的不動性或接近不動性尚未得到?jīng)Q定性的證明；E：島嶼不斷變化的形狀使得確定熱點(diǎn)的位置變得困難。題干問的是作者認(rèn)為熱點(diǎn)可以用來重建大陸板塊運(yùn)動的論點(diǎn)被以下哪一項(xiàng)駁斥了？根據(jù)題干可定位至第三段：HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily（然而，板塊相對于地球內(nèi)部的相對運(yùn)動并不容易確定）.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit（熱點(diǎn)提供了測量儀器，可以用來解決這樣一個問題：兩個大陸板塊是朝相反的方向移動，還是一個靜止不動而另一個正遠(yuǎn)離它而漂移）.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence（大陸板塊是靜止不動的最有力證據(jù)是，在一些熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)，不同年代的熔巖是重疊的，而不是按時間順序分散開來的）.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso（當(dāng)然，從熱點(diǎn)火山的軌跡重建板塊運(yùn)動假設(shè)熱點(diǎn)是不動的，或者幾乎是不動的）。由此可知，熱點(diǎn)的不動性或接近不動性尚未得到?jīng)Q定性的證明，故選D項(xiàng)。

30.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：戲劇的；B：陳舊的；C：深奧難懂的；D：客觀的；E：人道的。題干問的是作者的行文風(fēng)格，本文是一篇說明文，作者介紹了火山活動地區(qū)，即熱點(diǎn)，并且詳細(xì)解釋了它們是如何影響和記錄板塊運(yùn)動的。因此作者行文的風(fēng)格可以用“客觀”來形容，故選D。

5.單選題

IV.CriminalLaw

Threatstonationalsecurityandpublicsafety,whetherrealorperceived,resultinanatmosphereconducivetotheabuseofcivilliberties.Historyislitteredwithexamples:TheAlienandSeditionActsof1798,thesuspensionofhabeascorpusduringtheCivilWar,thePalmerRaidsduringWorldWarI,andMcCarthyismintheaftermathofWorldWarII.

Unfortunately,thepost-9/11worldrepresentsnodeparturefromthisage-oldtrend.Evidenceofpost-9/11tensionbetweennationalsecurityandcivillibertiesisseenintheheightenedregulationofphotography;scholarshavelabeleditthe“WaronPhotography”—aconflictbetweenlawenforcementofficialsandphotographersovertherighttotakepicturesinpublicplaces.Inmanycases,policeofficersandprivatesecurityguardshaveinvokedblanketnotionsof“nationalsecurity”toprohibitthepressandprivatephotographersfromtakingpicturesofstructuresthatareinplainviewofthegeneralpublic.Inothercases,lawenforcementofficialshaveusedbroadlywordedcriminalstatutessuchas“obstructionofjustice”or“interferingwithapoliceofficer”toprohibitthepressandprivatephotographersfromtakingpartinwhatisconstitutionallyprotectedbehavior.AsimpleGooglesearchrevealscountlessincidentsofoverzealouslawenforcementofficialsdetainingorarrestingphotographersand,inmanycases,confiscatingtheircamerasandmemorycards,despitethefactthattheseindividualswereinlawfulplaces,atlawfultimes,partakinginlawfulactivities.

Foratleasttworeasons,theargumentthattheheightenedregulationoftherighttotakepicturesinpublicplacesenhancesnationalsecurityorpublicsafetyisdeeplyflawed.

First,theprevailingevidenceindicatesthattheperpetratorsofpastterroristattacksneverphotographedtheirtargets.Whywouldtheyneedto,afterall?TheInternetandmoderntechnologyhavemadeitpossibletoobtainpicturesofmoststructures,especiallyoneslocatedinurbanareas,withtheclickofamouse.Forexample,GoogleEarthprovidesimagesofalmostanyaddressinthecountryfromavarietyofdistancesandangles.

Second,evenifterroristsdidphotographtheirtargets,itwouldbetotallyimpracticaltotrytostopthem.QuestioningforthepurposeofidentifyingpotentialterroristspersonstakingpicturesoftheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCityortheWhiteHouseinWashington,D.C.,makeslesssensethantryingtofindaneedleinahaystack,because,chancesare,theneedledoesnotexist.

1.Theauthorusestheexamplesinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat___.

2.Whichofthefollowingdescribes“WaronPhotography”mostproperly?

3.ThereasonsusedbylawenforcementofficialstoprohibitpeoplefromtakingpicturesofstructuresthatareinthegeneralpublicDONOTinclude___.

4.Theauthorthinksthattoprohibittakingpicturesinpublicplacesenhancesnationalsecurityorpublicsafetyisdeeplyflawed.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareason?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.duringtheCivilWarhabeascorpuswassuspended

B.aftertheWorldWarIItherewasforaperiodoftimeMcCarthyism

C.theAlienandSeditionActswasadoptedin1798

D.nationalsecurityandpublicsafetymaycauseanatmosphereencouragingtheabuseofcivilliberties

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisawarbetweenlawenforcementofficialsandphotographers.

B.Itisthetensionbetweennationalsecurityandcivilliberties.

C.Itisafightbetweenpolicemenandphotographersovertherighttotakepicturesinpublicplaces.

D.Itisadeparturefromtheage-oldtrend.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.nationalsecurity

B.overzealousnessoflawenforcementofficials

C.obstructionofjustice

D.interferingwithapoliceofficer

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tofindoutpotentialterroristsisliketryingtofindaneedleinahaystack.

B.Theperpetratorsofpastterroristattacksneverphotographedtheirtargets.

C.Thereisnoneedtotakepicturesbecausemoderntechnologyhasmadeitpossibletoobtainpicturesofmoststructures,withtheclickofamouse.

D.Itisdifficulttryingtofindoutthepurposeoftakingpictures.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Threatstonationalsecurityandpublicsafety,whetherrealorperceived,resultinanatmosphereconducivetotheabuseofcivilliberties.Historyislitteredwithexamples:TheAlienandSeditionActsof1798,thesuspensionofhabeascorpusduringtheCivilWar,thePalmerRaidsduringWorldWarI,andMcCarthyismintheaftermathofWorldWarII.（對國家安全和公共安全的威脅，無論是真實(shí)的或感覺的，都會導(dǎo)致一種有利于濫用公民自由的氣氛。歷史上這樣的例子不勝枚舉：1798年的《外國人和煽動叛亂法》、內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間暫停人身保護(hù)令、一戰(zhàn)期間的帕爾默突襲，以及二戰(zhàn)后的麥卡錫主義）可知選D選項(xiàng)“國家安全和公共安全可能會造成鼓勵濫用公民自由的氣氛”；A選項(xiàng)“在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間，人身保護(hù)令被暫?！保珺選項(xiàng)“第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后有一段時間是麥卡錫主義”以及C選項(xiàng)“《外國人和煽動叛亂法》于1798年通過”都是舉例的內(nèi)容。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“WaronPhotography”定位到原文第二段scholarshavelabeleditthe“WaronPhotography”—aconflictbetweenlawenforcementofficialsandphotographersovertherighttotakepicturesinpublicplaces.（學(xué)者們稱之為“攝影之戰(zhàn)”，指的是執(zhí)法人員和攝影師在公共場所拍照權(quán)問題上的沖突）可知選A選項(xiàng)“這是一場執(zhí)法官員和攝影師之間的戰(zhàn)爭”，同時可知C選項(xiàng)“這是警察和攝影師在公共場所拍照權(quán)問題上的一場斗爭”錯誤，執(zhí)法人員并不是只有警察；B選項(xiàng)“這是國家安全和公民自由之間的緊張關(guān)系”在原文中未提及；根據(jù)第二段第一句Unfortunately,thepost-9/11worldrepresentsnodeparturefromthisage-oldtrend.（不幸的是，9/11后的世界并沒有背離這一古老的趨勢）可知D選項(xiàng)“它背離了古老的趨勢”和原文相悖。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段AsimpleGooglesearchrevealscountlessincidentsofoverzealouslawenforcementofficialsdetainingorarrestingphotographersand,inmanycases（一項(xiàng)簡單的谷歌搜索就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)無數(shù)的過分熱情的執(zhí)法人員拘留或逮捕攝影師的事件）可知B選項(xiàng)“執(zhí)法人員過于熱心”并不是執(zhí)法人員禁止人們在公共場所拍攝建筑物的原因；根據(jù)第二段Inmanycases,policeofficersandprivatesecurityguardshaveinvokedblanketnotionsof“nationalsecurity”toprohibitthepressandprivatephotographersfromtakingpicturesofstructuresthatareinplainviewofthegeneralpublic.（在很多情況下，警察和私人保安會援引“國家安全”的籠統(tǒng)概念來禁止媒體和私人攝影師拍攝公眾視野范圍內(nèi)的建筑物）可知A選項(xiàng)“國家安全”符合原文；根據(jù)第二段Inothercases,lawenforcementofficialshaveusedbroadlywordedcriminalstatutessuchas“obstructionofjustice”or“interferingwithapoliceofficer”toprohibitthepressandprivatephotographersfromtakingpartinwhatisconstitutionallyprotectedbehavior.（在其他案件中，執(zhí)法官員使用“妨礙司法公正”或“干擾警察”等措辭寬泛的刑事法規(guī)，來禁止媒體和私人攝影師參與受憲法保護(hù)的行為）可知C選項(xiàng)“妨礙司法”，D選項(xiàng)“干擾警察”符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文定位到最后一段QuestioningforthepurposeofidentifyingpotentialterroristspersonstakingpicturesoftheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCityortheWhiteHouseinWashington,D.C.,makeslesssensethantryingtofindaneedleinahaystack,because,chancesare,theneedledoesnotexist.（為了識別拍攝紐約帝國大廈或華盛頓白宮的潛在恐怖分子而進(jìn)行詢問，比大海撈針更沒有意義，因?yàn)楹苡锌赡?，針根本不存在）可知A選項(xiàng)“要找出潛在的恐怖分子就像大海撈針”和原文相符；根據(jù)第四段First,theprevailingevidenceindicatesthattheperpetratorsofpastterroristattacksneverphotographedtheirtargets…TheInternetandmoderntechnologyhavemadeitpossibletoobtainpicturesofmoststructures,especiallyoneslocatedinurbanareas,withtheclickofamouse.（首先，現(xiàn)有證據(jù)表明，過去恐怖襲擊的肇事者從未拍攝過襲擊目標(biāo)的照片……互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)使人們可以用鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊獲得大多數(shù)建筑物的圖片，特別是位于城市地區(qū)的建筑物）可知B選項(xiàng)“過去的恐怖襲擊的肇事者從來沒有拍攝過他們的目標(biāo)”，C選項(xiàng)“不需要拍照，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代技術(shù)已經(jīng)使大多數(shù)建筑物的照片成為可能，只需點(diǎn)擊鼠標(biāo)”符合原文；D選項(xiàng)“試圖找出拍照的目的是困難的”原文未提及。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Thepriestmadetheofthe（

）crosswhenheenteredthechurch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mark

B.signal

C.sign

D.gesture

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:牧師進(jìn)入教堂之前比劃了一個十字。

Signofthecross為固定搭配，意為“十字架”,mark標(biāo)記,記號;signal信號;gesture手勢,makeagesture做手勢；擺...姿態(tài),但是通常不和thecross連用。故選C。

7.單選題

Whileadmiringthatthisforecastwas（）uncertain,thescientistswarnedagainsttreatingitasacryofwolf.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anyhow

B.somewhere

C.somewhat

D.anyway

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：雖然承認(rèn)這次預(yù)報不確定，但科學(xué)家仍警告不要把它當(dāng)作危言聳聽。anyhow總之，無論如何；somewhere在某處，到某處；somewhat有點(diǎn)，稍微；anyway總之，無論如何。因此，C項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Nobodywouldexpectacitywatersystemdesignedfor1mresidentstobeabletohandlea1,000-foldincreaseinpopulationinjustafewyears.Yetthatiswhattheinternet’sfundamentaladdressingschemehashadtoaccommodate.WhenthenetworkwasfirstestablishedtherewereonlyahandfulofcomputercentresinAmerica.Insteadofchoosinganumberingsystemthatcouldsupportafewthousandormillionaddresses,theinternet’sdesignersforesightedlyoptedforonethatcouldhandle4billion.Butnoweventhatisnotenough.

Theaddressingsystem,calledinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4),cannotkeepupwiththefloodofcomputers,mobilephones,hand-heldgadgets,gamesconsolesandevencarsandrefrigeratorsfloodingontothenetwork.Nearly85%ofavailableaddressesarealreadyinuse;ifthistrendcontinuestheywillrunoutby2011,theOrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,athink-tankforrichcountries,warnedinMay.

Theshortageisnottheonlyproblem;sotooisgrowingcomplexity.IPv4addressesareallocatedinblockstonetworkoperators.Thepathtoreacheachnetworkispublishedonagloballistthatisconstantlyupdated.Bigcomputers,calledrouters,usetheseentriestoguidetheflowoftrafficacrosstheinternet.Butasmoredevicesandnetworkslinktotheinternet,itbecomesnecessarytosubdividetheaddressblocksintoever-smallerunits.Thisrisksovertaxingthemillionsofroutersthathandletheinternet’straffic,whichmustberegularlyupgradedtokeepup.WeretherenoalternativetoIPv4,partsoftheinternetwouldeventuallysufferfromsporadicoutages.

Fortunatelyanewsystemdoesexist,calledinternetprotocolversion6,whichprovides3.4X1038addresses.ThismeansIPv6addressescanbeallocatedtonetworkoperatorsandcompaniesinmuchlargerquantities.Italsoprovidesacleanslateforestablishingnewpathsovertheinternet,reducingcomplexity.Butswitchingmeansupgradingmillionsofdevices.

Infact,supportforIPv6isalreadywidelyavailableinsoftwareandhardware,butithasnotbeenusedmuch.OnlyafewresearchinstitutionsandtheAmericangovernmenttooktheIPv6plungeearlyon.(InAmericaallfederalagenciesmustbecapableofusingIPv6byJune30th2008,byexecutiveorder.)

Butinrecentmonthsthepaceofchangehaspickedup.InFebruaryMrVixie,anetworkengineer,flippedaswitchthatmeansdomainnamescannowmapontoIPv6addresses.Thismayheraldmorewidespreadadoptionofthenewprotocol,sinceitmeansthatanyorganisationcanuseIPv6addresseswithitsdomainnames,anduserscanaccessthemwithoutspecialrigging.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwemayinferthatthedesignoftheinternet’sfundamentaladdressingschemeis（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theaddressingsystemIPv4（）.

3.Thepotentialproblemwithinternetprotocolversion4todayisthat（）.

4.ItisimpliedthatIPv6addresses（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.over-populated

B.verypopular

C.outofdate

D.ratherirrational

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.willrunoutby2011

B.cannotkeepupwithsomuchinformation

C.isover-loadedwithtoomanyfunctions

D.isdamagedbyathink-tankforrichcountries

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.nearly85%ofavailableaddressesarealreadyinuse

B.carsandrefrigeratorsarefloodingontothenetwork

C.itisgrowingintoakindofcomplexity

D.thereisashortageofavailableaddressesinthenearfuture

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.arenotverypopularforsometechnicalreasons

B.areproducedinmuchlargerquantities

C.areupgradingmillionsofdevices

D.canbeanalternativetoIPv4

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theinternet’sfundamentaladdressingscheme

B.Theprincipleofinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4)

C.Thepotentialproblemwiththeexistingaddressingsystem

D.Analternativeinternetprotocoltodealwithaddressshortage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第一段的首句“Nobodywouldexpectacitywatersystemdesignedfor1mresidentstobeabletohandlea1,000-foldincreaseinpopulationinjustafewyears.沒有人會想到，一個為100萬居民設(shè)計(jì)的城市供水系統(tǒng)，能夠在短短幾年內(nèi)應(yīng)對人口增長1000倍的情況?！币约白詈髢删洹癐nsteadofchoosinganumberingsystemthatcouldsupportafewthousandormillionaddresses,theinternet’sdesignersforesightedlyoptedforonethatcouldhandle4billion.Butnoweventhatisnotenough.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)者深謀遠(yuǎn)慮地選擇了能夠處理40億個地址的編號系統(tǒng)，而不是能夠支持幾千或幾百萬個地址的編號系統(tǒng)。但現(xiàn)在，即使這樣也還不夠?！庇纱丝芍@個設(shè)計(jì)是不合理的，因?yàn)闆]有考慮到人口暴增的問題，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Theaddressingsystem,calledinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4),cannotkeepupwiththefloodofcomputers,mobilephones,hand-heldgadgets,gamesconsolesandevencarsandrefrigeratorsfloodingontothenetwork.這個被稱為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議4(IPv4)的尋址系統(tǒng)無法跟上涌入網(wǎng)絡(luò)的電腦、