大學英語四級寫作

大學英語四級寫作大學英語四級寫作大學英語四級寫作大學英語四級寫作記述文記述文是以記人、敘事、寫景、狀物為主要內(nèi)容，以記述、描述為主要表達方式的一種文體，平常分為三類：1.以人物為主的記述文，即以人物為中心組織資料，環(huán)繞這個人物來寫一件事或兩件事。2.以事件為主的記述文。即以事件為中心組織資料，環(huán)繞中心事件可以寫一個人或幾個人。3.以寫景狀物為主的記述文，應注意的是，在一篇記述文中，寫人、寫景、寫事常常是交織在一起的，不行截然分開，但各有重視。寫記述文平常應依照以下幾點：交待因素，即人、時、地、事。按事件發(fā)生的先后序次表達，做到完好詳盡。重點突出，目的明確，不要玩弄詞采，講清言明即可。寫作時還要注意，用第一人稱時主假如自己的經(jīng)歷或耳聞目睹之事；用第三人稱時則主假如別人的經(jīng)歷和事情。記述文所記的都是過去發(fā)生的事，所以原則上平常都用過去時態(tài)寫，但有時也用歷史此刻時和戲劇此刻時。范文1：一對外刊行的英文報紙有“人物剪影”欄目，請依據(jù)下邊的提示寫一篇短文，介紹我國有名乒乓球運動員王楠。提示：王楠：1978年10月出生于遼寧。身高1.62米，體重54公斤。7歲開始打球，1989年進入遼寧隊，1993年當選國家隊。訓練刻苦，與隊友相處友善。喜愛上網(wǎng)，交友。網(wǎng)址：wangnan@.在國際競賽中獲取幾十枚金牌，為國家爭得了榮譽。注意：題目自擬；不要逐條翻譯提示，可合適增添細節(jié)，使短文連接。詞數(shù)100~140WangNan－WorldChampioninPingpongWangNan，aworldchampioninPingPong，is1.62metertallwiththeweightof54kilograms.ShewasborninLoaningProvinceinOctober1978.Shebegantoplaypingpongattheageofseven.SheworkedinLoaningTeamforthreeyearsbeforeshecametothenationalteamin1993.Shetrainedhardandgotalongwellwithherteammates.WangNanhaswonscoresofgoldmedalsininternationaltable-tennisgamesandwongreathonorforourmotherland.ShelikesgoingonthenetandsheenjoyschattingwithfriendsthroughtheInternet.YoucanfindmoreinformationaboutheratWangnan@wang-nannet.范文2：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyMostFavoriteProgrammer.Youshouldwritenolessthan100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:我最喜愛的電視(或無線電)節(jié)目是這種節(jié)目的內(nèi)容和特色我喜愛它的原由MyMostFavoriteProgrammerTheNewsReporthasalwaysbeenmyfavoriteTVprogram.AlmosteverydayIturnontheTVat6:30p.m.andwaitforthenewsprogram.Thishasbecomeapartofmylife.TheNewsReportcontainsalargeamountofinformationCfromtheinternationalpolitical.situationtothelatestfoot-ballgame.Andthemostimportantcharacterisitsfastpace.Becauseofthisfastpace,newsprogramscancontainmuchinformationinashorttime.Inmyopinion,theNewsReportismorethanaTVprogram.Itisawayofcommunication.Fromthisprogram,peoplecanknowandunderstandworldaffairs.Theworldthusbecomessmaller.Iespeciallyappreciatethisbenefitofwatchingthenews.范文

3：今日是教師節(jié)，請依據(jù)以下提示寫一篇記述你的英語老師的短文，約

220詞左右。李老師授課生動爽朗，印象深刻。上課前班長通知說李老師要著手術(shù)，臨時不可以來上課，誰能代課還未決定。同學們靜靜無聲，仿佛都擔憂她不再來上課了。李老師走進教室，她說不肯意耽誤同學們的功課，要求醫(yī)生推延了手術(shù)時間。并說新老師明日就來，希望同學們同老師很好地相處，她全愈即返校。MissLiisourEnglishteacher.ShealwaysimpressesusdeeplywithherlivelyEnglishclass.Onedaywhenthefirstbellrang，themonitorstoodupandsaid，“OurEnglishteacherisgoingtohaveanoperationtoday.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhowillgiveusthelesson.”Theclassturnedsilentathiswords.Itseemedthatnoonewouldbelievehim.Infact，allofuswereafraidthatMissLiwouldnolongerbewithus.Atthismoment，MissLiappearedatthedoor.Shelookedtiredandpale.“I’llbemissingyoubadly，”shesaidinalowvoice，“IhaveaskedthedoctortoputofftheoperationtilltomorrowbecauseIdon’twantyoutomissasingleclass.”Shewenton，“AnewteacherwilltakemyplaceandIhopeyou’llgetonwellwithhim.I’llcomebackassoonasI’mbetter.”Hearingthis，allofusweremovedtotears.Whatagoodteacherwehave.談論文談論文是作者對某個問題或某件事進行解析、談論，表示自己的看法、立場、態(tài)度、見解、主張的一種文體。寫談論文要掌握三性和三因素。三性指正確性、鮮亮性和生動性。三因素指論點、論據(jù)和論證。論點的基本要求：看法正確，歸納全面，見解新奇，有實質(zhì)意義，要合適地綜合運用各種表達方式。論據(jù)的基本要求，真實靠譜、充分典型。論證的基本要求：推理一定吻合邏輯，論證要講究序次，論證要吻合正確的推理形式。簡而言之，英語談論文共有三大特色：1、看法鮮亮的開頭；2、緊扣主題的結(jié)尾；3、有主題句并且連接自然的中間段落。這三點中間，第1、2點早已為絕大多數(shù)中國學生所熟知，因為開頭點題和結(jié)尾扣題相同也是漢語文章的要求。但在長時間的學習過程中，這樣的要求被好多學生認為是“老土”而得不到足夠的重視。假如將這種思想帶到英語談論文寫作中間，直接的結(jié)果就是中心分別、看法不明確，加上中國學生廣泛英文表達能力不強，這些因素就為整篇文章的失敗埋下了隱患。其余，英語文章和漢語不一樣的是段落的主題句必定要放在段首，而不可以依照中文的寫作習慣放在段落的中間也許最后，在英文應試寫作中更加這樣。正因為沒有“主題句”的思想，所以中國學生在寫英語文章時常?！跋氲绞裁?，就寫什么”，這在英語談論文中是不可以接受的。(二)中心一致在中心一致這個問題上，英語談論文和漢語談論文的看法也有所不一樣。中國人在寫談論文時常常依照“中庸”的原則，其詳盡的表現(xiàn)就是認為世界上沒有任何事情是絕對的。當他們在文章中夸獎一件事物或一種現(xiàn)象的時候，總要指出其不足；相同，在責備一件事物或一種現(xiàn)象的同時，也總不忘掉指出其也有合理之處。這種做法從道理上來講并無什么不當，但卻不吻合英語談論文的寫作習慣，因為英語作家在寫談論文時關(guān)注的是自己的爭論技巧和其結(jié)果對公眾的影響力。換句話說，假如作者告訴大家兩面都有道理也就等于說兩面都沒有道理，因為讀者在讀了文章以后仍舊不知道作者的見解是什么，以及自己在這種情況下究竟該怎么做。所以，既然四級考試考的是英語文章，大家就應該依照英文談論文的寫作思路和習慣：表示支持則旗幟鮮亮地支持；表示反對就徹完全底地反對，而不可以采納“墻頭草兩邊倒”的做法。(三)段落的連接性在確立好一條條的擴展句后，如何把這些句子流暢而連接地組合在一起呢？這即是關(guān)系詞發(fā)揮作用的時候了。在英語中，句與句之間、段與段之間一般都有連詞或關(guān)系詞連接，經(jīng)過這些詞讀者可以很清楚地理解文章前后的邏輯聯(lián)系。合適使用關(guān)系詞是四級寫作必備的技術(shù)，大家應該要引起特別重視。常用的關(guān)系詞分為四類：1、列舉類列舉法常用在談論文中，看作者提出一個論點后，可經(jīng)過列舉出一系列事實對其進行說明或論證。列舉類關(guān)系詞有：first(ly),second(ly),...finally;foronething,foranother;ontheonehand,ontheotherhand;moreover;furthermore;what'smore;inaddition;besides;firstofall;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;(at)last;then;next;thelastbutnottheleast2、舉例類舉例法是用案例或數(shù)據(jù)對中心看法進行說明論證的方法，舉例類關(guān)系詞有：forexample;forinstance;suchas;like;take...forexample;acaseinpoint;namely;inotherwords;thatis;especially;inparticular3、比較和比較比較是把兩種或兩種以上的事物進行比較，以鑒識出它們的相似之處；比較是將這些事物進行比較，鑒識其差異而指出各自的特色和實質(zhì)。這種關(guān)系詞有：but;however;yet;otherwise;while;incontrast;bycontrast;onthecontrary;similarly;likewise;like;conversely;ratherthan;instead;ontheotherhand;equally;nevertheless;nonetheless;unlike;still;inthesameway;comparedwith...4、因果類asaresult;since;because(of);thanksto;dueto;owingto;forthisreason;hence;thus;therefore;onthis/thataccount;onaccountof;consequently5、總結(jié)類總結(jié)法是指在表達了一個看法或舉了一個例子后，進行總結(jié)、給出歸納，這種關(guān)系詞有：inthiscase;accordingto;inaword;inbrief;inshort;tosumup.范文1：“Do’LuckyNumbers’ReallyBringGoodLuck?”Somepeoplethinkthatcertainnumberswillbringgoodlucktothem.Numberssuchassix,eight,sixteenandeighteenareregardedasluckynumbers.Therearealsopeoplewhothinkthattheirsuccessisrelatedtocertainnumbers.However,someotherpeoplethinknumbershavenothingtodowiththeirluck.Theybelieveintheirownratherthan”luckynumbers”.Theydon'tdothingsaccordingtocertainnumbers.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ithinkitisaperson'sownbusinesswhetherhebelievesinacertainnumberornot.Themostimportantthingisthathehasdonetheworkbyhimselfandhasdoneitquitewell.Astothebeliefinnumbers,itishispersonalchoice.范文2：CareerorFamily:whichismoreimportant?Whenaskedabouttheiropinionofcareerandfamily,peoplealwaysresponddifferently.Somepeopledeemitmoreimportanttopursuetheircareer,whiletherearealwaysotherpeoplewhoarguethatfamilyshouldbethenumberoneinone’slife.Itgoeswithoutanyquestionthatcareerplaysakeyroleinourlife.Intheveryfirstplace,careercangiveusanaimtoliveon.Withoutcareer,muchofourlivingtimewillbecertainlywasted.What’smore,careercanprovideuswithameanstoliveon.Mostofthepeopleearntheirincomefromajob.Ontheotherhand,familyisalsoanindispensablepartoflife,asmanypeoplewilladmit.Familyisalwaysregardedasaplacewherewecanescapefromtroublesinlife.Inaddition,wecanobtainasenseofbelongingtofromfamily.Withoutit,anyonewillfeellonelyanddesperate.Inmyopinion,careerandfamilyarenotinoppositiontoeachother.Rather,theycanenhanceeachothersothatone’slifecanbecomebetterandbetter.Therefore,it’snotachoicebetweenrightandwrong,butonebetweenidealandpractical.范文3：JustattheBeginning“Wearereadingthefirstverseofthefirstchapterofabookwhosepagesareinfinite.”Idonotknowwhowrotethosewords,butIhavealwayslikedthemasareminderthatthefuturecanbeanythingwewanttomakeit.Wecantakethemysterious,hazyfutureandcarveoutofitanythingthatwecanimagine,justlikeasculptorcarvesastatuefromashapelessstone.Weareallinthepositionofthefarmer.Ifweplantagoodseed,wereapagoodharvest.Ifourseedispoorandfullofweeds,wereapauselesscrop.Ifweplantnothingatall,weharvestnothingatall.Iwantthefuturetobebetterthanthepast.Idon’twantitcontaminatedbythemistakesanderrorswithwhichhistoryisfilled.Weshouldallbeconcernedaboutthefuturebecausethatiswherewewillspendthereminderofourlives.①Thepastisgoneandstatic.Nothingwecandowillchangeit.②Thefutureisbeforeusanddynamic.Everythingwedowillaffectit.Eachdaywillbringswithitnewfrontiers,inourhomesandinourbusinesses,ifwewillonlyrecognizethem.Wearejustatthebeginningoftheprogressineveryfieldofhumanendeavor.說明文說明文是以說明為主要表達方式用來說明事物，說明事理的一種文體。它經(jīng)過揭穿看法來說明事物的特色、實質(zhì)及其規(guī)律性，給人正確的科學知識或正確思想。一般可分為實體事物說明和抽象事物說明兩大類，詞典、教材、論文、實驗報告、產(chǎn)品說明書、廣告、解說詞及科學小品等都屬于說明文。按寫作方法,英語說明文主要分為下邊六各種類:例證法這是用詳盡例子來說明人或事物的特色、實質(zhì)及其規(guī)律的方法,所用例子一定有代表性、典型性,能表現(xiàn)人或事物的實質(zhì)特色。這是用特別來說明一般的方法。平常在主題句后,用Forexample或Forinstance等短語指引出詳盡的例子。比方:Ourlifetodaydependsverymuchonenergy.Forexample,machineshavemadeourlifeeasierthanitusedtobe.Themachinesuseenergy,andenergyisneededforheating,lighting,communications,carryinggoods-everything.Factoriesuseagreatdealofenergytomakethethingsthatweuseandbuyandsell.這段主假如講能源問題。第一句為主題句,歸納地說出"我們目前的生活很大程度上依賴能源"。接著用舉例的方法從三方面說明能源的作用。定義法下定義就是給說明對象一個明確看法。這是科學而嚴實的說明方法。它既能揭穿事物的實質(zhì)特色,勾勒其大概,描述其輪廓,同時也能確立事物的范圍和界限。下定義是多方面的,可以給人、事物、思想等下定義。比方:Anidealteachermusthavethefollowingcharacteristics.Heshouldknowhissubject,buthecanmakemistakesifheiswillingtolearn.Hispersonalityisasimportantashisscholarship.Anidealteachermustbeenthusiastic.Heshouldbeabitofanactorandheshouldn'tbeafraidtoshowhisfeelingsandexpresshislikesanddislikes.Anidealteacherisonewhogrows,learns,andimproveshimselfalongwithhisstudents.本段的睜開是經(jīng)過對"一個模范教師"下定義的方法,重點詞"idealteacher"在文中多次重復,能加深讀者的印象。分類法分類法是對同屬不一樣類或同類而不一樣種的人或事物,依據(jù)不一樣性質(zhì)進行分門別類地說明的方法。分類是人類認識客觀世界的重要手段之一。分類一定遵守分類規(guī)則,使分類對象擁有一致屬性,依照同一分類標準,并使分類的子項相互排斥,不相互包蘊。比方:Asfaraspoliticalviewsareconcerned,peoplefallintothreecategories.Firstaretheconservativepeople.Conservativesareopposedtosuddenorgreatchanges.Secondaretheliberalpeople.Thesepeopleareinfavorofprogressandreform.Buttheiropinionsoftenseemtooidealistic.Thirdarethemoderatepeople.Themoderateskeepeverythingwithinreasonablelimits.Theyaremorepracticalinthishardworld.Inmyopinion,mostpeopleseemtobelongtothisgroup.本段把人按政治看法分為三類:守舊派(conservativepeople)、自由派(liberalpeople)和平和派(moderatepeople),并對他們各自的特色進行了簡要的解析。因果關(guān)系法事物變化的原由和結(jié)果是密切相關(guān)的。假如某個現(xiàn)象的存在必然引起另一個現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生,那么,這兩個現(xiàn)象之間就擁有因果關(guān)系。因果關(guān)系包含"由果推因"(由結(jié)果去推測原由)和"由因推果"(由原由去推測結(jié)果)兩種狀況。因果關(guān)系吻合人們的平常思想邏輯,因此在寫作中獲取廣泛應用,常用because,as,since,so,nowthat,if...then,thereasonisthat...等表示因果關(guān)系。比方:Ofthefourseasons,Ilikespringbest.Ipreferspringbecauseitisaseasonofmuchjoyandgaiety.Newlifeburstsouteverywhere.Plantswearagreencoagainandcolorfulflowersblossomingardensandmountains.Theoldcomeoutdoorsforfreshairandtheyoungplanforoutdooractivities.Lifebecomessoenergeticandhappy.第一句為本段主題句,末句是總結(jié)句。在主題句后,作者用了四個句子論述自己喜愛春季的原由。比較比較法有意識地把兩種相反、相對的事物或同一事物相反、相對的兩個方面放在一起,用比較的方法加以描述或說明,指出其相同點,這種寫法叫做"比較";指出其不一樣點,叫做"比較"。比較和比較各有不一樣的重視,但兩種方法常常結(jié)合使用。進行比較比較平常有兩種方式。第一種方式采納"先A后B"的結(jié)構(gòu),即A1,A2,A3...;B1,B2,B3...。第二種方式采納"AB交織"結(jié)構(gòu),即A1,B1;A2,B2;A3,B3...。第一種方式采納先A后B的結(jié)構(gòu)其實是把一個段落(或一篇文章)切割為兩部分,先全面講A,再全面講B,這樣做較難收到激烈的比較成效。多數(shù)人認為第二種方式比較好,因為把比較的兩方AB逐點交織,可以防備行文的單調(diào)煩悶,比較的成效也會更鮮亮突出。比方:Itiseasytobeawinner.Awinnercanshowhisjoypublicly.Hecanlaughandsinganddanceandcelebratehisvictory.Peoplelovetobewithwinners.Winnersareneverlonely.Unlikewinners,losersarethelonelyonesoftheworld.Itisdifficulttofacedefeatwithdignity.Loserscannotshowtheirdisappointmentspublicly.Theycannotcryorgrieveabouttheirdefeat.Theymaysufferprivately,buttheymustbecomposedinpublic.Theyhavenothingtocelebrateandnoonetosharetheirsadness.這段采納先A后B的比較方式,論述成功者和失敗者的不一樣特色。這種寫法較易操作,但行文常常比較平凡單調(diào)。再來看看AB交織的比較方式:Ilikehavingatwinsister.Whenshe’shappy,I’mhappy.Whenshefeelsunhappy,Ifeelthesame.Often,Iknowwhatshe’sgoingtosay.Sometimes,Iknowwhatshe’sthinking.Ilikewhatshelikes.Ihatewhatshehates.Welikethesamemusic,thesamefoodandthesamebooks.這段采納AB交織的比較方式,論述孿生姐妹的相同特色。這種寫法較流暢自然,給讀者的印象也更鮮亮突出。過程解析法過程解析法就是把事物發(fā)展過程分為若干步驟,而后逐個加以解析說明。這種寫法在說明文中使用得相當廣泛。過程解析與敘事和因果關(guān)系等寫法有親近關(guān)系,但相互又有明顯差異:敘事研究的對象是"Whathappens";因果關(guān)系研究的對象是"Whyithappens",而過程解析研究的對象是"Howithappens"。比方:Thereareseveralstepstoplantatree.First,digaholelargeenoughforthetree,buttheholeshouldnotbetoodeep.Second,putthetreeintheholesothatitisstraight.Third,puttheearthbackintotheholeagain.Pushitdownhardwithyourfootseveraltimes.Finally,waterthetreewell,asoftenaspossible.這段解析了植樹過程中的幾個步驟。全段井然有序,連接詞語(first,second,third,finally)的使用增強了語句的連接性。還一定說明的是,在實質(zhì)寫作中,我們極少單獨采納上述幾種方法中的某一種。許多段落(或文章)的寫作都是綜合使用各種不一樣的寫作方法。同時還應明確,在寫作中有意識地重視使用某一種方法是有好處的。其余,上述這些說明文的寫作方法在談論文中也常被采納。如何使用這些方法,寫出一篇好的文章來,還需在平常認真累積,勤加練習。范文1:以“早起是好習慣”為題寫篇談論文。請環(huán)繞以下幾點來寫：①早起與健康；②早起與學習；③早起與一天的活動。(字數(shù)80～120，要求自擬標題)GettingUpEarlyIsaGoodHabitGettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Itisveryimportanttoourhealth,ourstudy,ourlifeandsoon.First,gettingupearlyhelpstokeepusstrong.Wecandomorningexercisesintheopenairinthemorningandbreathefreshairtobuildourbodies.Second,gettingupearlyhelpsustomemorizewhatwehavelearnedinclassbyreadingaloudinthemorning.Third,gettingupearlycanhelpustofindenoughtimetoprepareourworkoftheday.Ifwesticktogettingupearlyeveryday,itwilldousalotofgood.范文2：Writing:校學生會將組織一次暑期志愿者活動，現(xiàn)招募志愿者。本次志愿者活動的目的，內(nèi)容、安排等。報名條件及聯(lián)系方式。VolunteersNeededAvoluntaryactivityinthesummervacationwillbeorganizedbytheUniversityStudentsUnion.TheStudentUnionwillopenfreeEnglishclassesfortheyoungstersinS.O.SChildren’sVillage.Theclasseswilllastforaweek.Currently,wewillrecruit5volunteerstoworkasEnglishteachers.ThevolunteersarerequestedtospeakfluentEnglish.ThosewithEnglishteachingexperiencearepreferable.BesidestheEnglishskills,weexpectthevolunteerstobepatient,open-mindedwithalovingheart.TheChildren’sVillagewillprovidethevolunteerswiththreemealsadayandtransportationfromandtotheuniversityduringtheclassdays.Thosewhoareinterestedintakingpartintheactivity,pleasesendyourresumetotheemailthth范文3：MYCOMPUTERIhaveacomputerwhichwasboughtbymyparentsformybirthdaypresent.It’sanewone,it'snameisLenovowhichwasmadeinChina.Itcanstoreandworkwithlargequantitiesofinformationandcandohardmathematicalproblemsfastandhelpapersonworkwithwordandpictures.WiththiscomputerIhavelearnlotofknowledgeofcomputer,besidesitIcanuseitforlearningandintermentsuchaschattingwithothers,watchingTVandplayinggames.ItwassousefulthatIcanhelpbutlikeitverymuch.圖表作文第一段：Thetable/graph/chartshows,asfaras______(is/are)concerned,_______________________.第二段：（第二段分為三種狀況：1、向來上升；2、向來降落；3、一部分上升，一部分降落。下邊針對這三種狀況進行結(jié)構(gòu)模擬）。1、（以1978年到1998年城鎮(zhèn)鄉(xiāng)村收入的穩(wěn)步較長圖為例）。向來上升Accordingtothefiguresshowinthegraph,wecanseethat________,hadbeenincreasingatasteadyratefromtheyearof1978to1998.Inaddition,duringtheperiod,____________hadraisefrom349.9Yuanto5425Yuan,morethan5times.Meanwhile,_______hadalsogrownfrom133.6Yuanto2100Yuan.b.向來降落Accordingtothefiguresshowinthegraph,wecanseethat___________,hadbeendecreasingatesteadyratefromtheyearof1978to1998.Inaddition,duringtheperiond,____________hadreducedfrom349.9Yuanto5425Yuan,morethan5times.Meanwhile,_______hadalsogonedown133.6Yuanto2100Yuan.2、[以從1995年到1999年西安人的平常生活支出（食品、衣飾和娛樂）的變化為例]c.一部分上升，一部分降落：Accordingtothefiguresinthegraph,wecanseethat__________hadbeenincreasingby9%and7%,respectivelyfromtheyearof1995to1999.However,___________(theexpensesonfood)hadbeendeclineby30%,duringthesameperiod.Thestatisticsofriseandfallseemtoexistinisolationbutcloselytooneanother.第三段：Thereareseveralreasons

for

that

phenomenon.

On

the

hand,

_____;Onthe

otherhand,_________,___________.注：橫線部分為自己需填補的內(nèi)容，這不過整篇文章的格式

,紅色橫線部分視考題而定，可填補的內(nèi)容經(jīng)濟類/發(fā)展類/旅行類/文化交流類：1.ThepolicyofreformationandopeningspreaderwidelyinChinashouldbetakenintoaccountfirstly,whenconsideringthereasonforthesteadyincreaseofthecitizen'sincome.2.ThepeopleofChinahasthespiritofworkinghardinordertoimprovetheirliving.China'srapideconomicdevelopmentlaysthebase.Inthepasttwentyfiveyears,remarkablechangeshavetakenplaceinChina'stourismrankintheworld.5.TheeconomyofChinahasdevelopedsofastintwentyyearsthatChinanowbecomesmoreandmoreimportantintheworld.6.I'mconfidentthatwiththedevelopmentofChinathenumbersofvisitorsandtheforeignexchangeearringswillcertainlycontinuestoincreaseinthefuture.Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnologyandtheglobaleconomy,theworldisbecominginternational,culturalexchangesarebecomingmoreandmorefrequent,whichisinevitablyimprovingourmutualunderstandingandfriendshipwithothercountries.食品類：1、Inordertoliveahealthylonglife,wehavetorestrictourcalorieintakeeatingthefoodwithlessfat.2、Weshouldmakeourdietmorenutritionalandbalancethecalorieintaketoenjoyahealthylife.3、Toimprovethebadsituation,peopleshouldeatcalcium-enrichedfood,suchasfish,milk,beancurdandsoon.娛樂類/體育類：如看書/看電視1、Weshouldmakeabalancebetweenthemtobenefitthemselves.2、Theageinwhichwelivenowisaninformationone.3、Peopleshouldgotothegymandtakepartinsomesports,suchasbasketball,volleyball,swimmingandso.Alltheexercisehelppeoplekeephealthy.友情類/文化交流類：1、Peopleallovertheworldloveandrespecteachother.Thebestwaytoshowourloveistohelpotherswhentheyareindifficulties.2、Everyoneshouldbeencouragedrequiredtotrytobeself-reliant.3、Whenoneintrouble,othersshouldhelphim.PS:經(jīng)典句子：1、Scientistshavewarnedthatunlesseffectivemeasuresaretaken,theproblemofpollutionwilleventuallygetoutofhand.2、Forcitizens,theyaresupposedtoconformtorulesandregulationsofthetraffic.3、Andthegovernmentshouldeducatepeopleinthisrespect,whichwilldrawpeople'sattentionoftheseriousproblem.4、Fordriverstheirspeedshouldberestricted.Otherwise,theyshouldbepunishedseverely.5、Itistimetheanchoritesconcernedtookproperstepsthetrafficproblem.6、Aslongaseachofustakesactions.Ideeplybelievetheproblemwillbewellresolvedtoanextend作文中可用的諺語或句子：Asasayinggoes:俗語說1、Agoodbeginningishalfdone.優(yōu)秀的初步是成功的一半。2、Anhourinthemorningisworthtwointheevening.一日之計在于晨。3、Agoodidler,anoldbeggar.少壯不努力，老大徙傷悲。4、DoastheRomansdo.入鄉(xiāng)隨意俗。5、Eachcoinhastwosides.有利必有弊。6、Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗是成功之母。7、Fool'shasteisnospeed.欲速則不達。8、Itisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老學到老。9、Keepgoodmencompanyandyoushallbeofthenumber.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。10、Knowledgeispower.學無止盡。11、Likefather,likeson.有其父，必有其子。12、Manproposes,Goddeposes.謀事在人，成事在天。13、Nocross,nocrown.不見風雨，怎見彩虹。14、Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.世上無難事，只怕有意人。15、Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。16、Romeisnotbuiltinaday.冰凍三尺，非一日之寒。17、Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.18、Timeflies歲月飛逝。。。19、Pennywise,dollarfoolish.占不廉價，吃大虧。范文1：Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStatisticsinPeople’sDailyExpensesinXian.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow:1、Describethechangesindicatedinthetable.2、Thereasonsforthechange.3、Makepredictionsaboutthefuturetendency.WhatisshowninthetableaboveindicatesthatdramaticexpensesinXianfrom1995to1999.Theexpensesonfood

changeshavetakenplacehavedeclinedby30%whilethose

inthedailyonclothingandrecreationhaveincreasedrespectivelyby9%and7%.Therearetwofactorsaccountingforthesechanges.Inthefirstplace,therisenincomeresultingfromeconomicgrowthplaysavitalroleinthelessexpenseonfood.Inthesecondplace,whenfoodpresentsnoworrytotheaverage,peoplebegintofocusmoreoftheirinterestonhandsomeappearanceandhappyleisuretime.Asaresultofsuchashift,spendingonclothingandrecreationincreasesyearbyyear.Fromtheanalysesmadeabove,withthefurthergrowthineconomyandmorechangesinlifestyle,thetendencyindicatedinthetablewillcontinueinthebetterdirection.范文

2：假如一個新西蘭教育觀光團要到你校接見

，他們想認識中國教育的基本狀況，請依據(jù)以以下圖表和所給提示，用英語寫一篇

120字左右的短文，為來客介紹此刻中國教育的基本狀況。1.提示詞：（

1

）compulsoryeducation

－義務教育；（

2

）junior

middleschool

－初中；（

3

）seniormiddleschool

－高中；（

4）

professionalschool

－職業(yè)學校。短文須包含以下重點：在高校，部分花費由家庭擔當；中國教育盡管成績巨大，但需要改革。EducationSysteminChinaTodayEducationinChinatodayhasbeendevelopingrapidly.Mostchildrenstartschoolbytheageofsix.Theyspendfiveorsixyearsinprimaryschoolandthreeyearsinjuniormiddleschool，whicharecompulsoryeducation.Afterthat，somecanattendprofessionalschoolfortwotothreeyearsbeforework.Someattendseniormiddleschoolforthreeyears.Studentshavetopassaseriesofexaminationsbeforeenteringacollegeoruniversity.Thecollegeoruniversitylifelaststwotofouryears.Nowpartofthecostisprovidedbywiththeirfamilies，althoughstudentscangetthesupportfromthecollege.Aftertheygraduate，theycangoandfindjobs.ThoughgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthefieldsofeducationinChina，thereisstillmuchtobeimproved.范文

3：請依據(jù)下邊圖表所示內(nèi)容，用英語寫一篇短文，比較高中學生“減負”前后的相關(guān)狀況。注意：短文須包含全部圖表內(nèi)容，可以合適增添細節(jié)，使短文連接；詞數(shù)100左右。Seniormiddleschoolstudentswereheavilyburdenedwithallkindsofhomework.Inthepast，theyspentabout6.5hoursintheirclassroomaday.Athome，ittookthem5hourstofinishtheirhomework.Sotheyonlygotlessthan7hours'sleep.Theirfreetimewasonlythreehours.Asaresult，theirhealthwasbadlydamaged.Nowthethingsaregettingbetter.Aboutfivehoursarespentinclassandthetimeforhomeworkhadbeenreducedtwohours.Sothattheyhaveeighthours'sleepandalsotwomorehourstodowhatevertheylike.一．Themaintypesofguidedwriting:綱要式作文：Directions:WomenmakeagreatcontributionButtherearestillsomepeoplewhodon

totheprogressofmodernsociety.’tagreewithit.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenewspaperbasedonthefollowingoutline.1.2.3.

RoleofwomeninmodernsocietyPrejudicesanddiscriminationagainstwomenMycommentYoushouldwriteabout200wordswithin40minutes.Womenplayanimportantpartinmodernsociety.Nowmanywomenaregoingintoprofessions,suchasmedicine,lawandengineering.Theycomprisealargepartoftheworkersinofficesandfactories.Manyjobstheyareengagedinareinlinewiththeirspecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Inaddition,someofareworkinguptoimportantpositionswhichusedtobeheldmainlybymen.Thereareevensomebusinesseswhichareruncompletelybywomen.Itisobviousthatwomenaremakinganoutstandingcontributiontotheprogressofmodernsociety.Thereare,however,stillsomepeoplewhoassertthatmenaresuperiortowomeninmanyways.Inthefirstplace,manyjobsmendocanhardlybedonebywomen,whoarephysicallynotstrongenough.Theybelievethatwomenaretheweakersex–bothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus,womenarenaturallysuited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Accordingtothem,awoman’splaceiswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Secondly,mostoftheworld-famousscientistsandstatesmenarefoundtobemales.Finally,thewholesocietyseemstohavealwaysbeendominatedbymenonly.Intheiropinion,menshouldenjoymorerightsthandowomen.Personally,I’mfirmlystandingonthesideofthosewomenrightdefenders.Sincebothmenandwomenareequallyimportantinhumanactivities,theyshouldbeonanequalfooting.(242words)綱要圖表式作文：Directions:Inthispart,youaretowriteanessayofabout200wordswithin40minutes.Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandyourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthetable.Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.Outline:

1.Changesinpeople’sdaily

expansesinthepastfiveyearsPossiblereasonsforthechangesMyownconclusionYearItem19971998199920002001Food65%60%48%42%35%Clothing5%7%10%13%15%Recreation3%5%7%8%13%Others24%26%33%36%38%Inthepastfiveyears,therehavebeengreatchangesinpeople’sdailyexpensesinXXcity.Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthetable,theamountofmoneyspentonfooddecreasedgradually,accountingfor35percentin2001.However,therewasarapidincreaseinclothingexpenses,whichmadeup15%in2001.Inaddition,thetableshowsanupwardtendencyinrecreationexpenses.Thesamewasthecasewithotherexpenses.Whatcausedtheseremarkablechanges?Inmyopinion,thereareatleastthreegoodreasons.Tobeginwith,withtherapiddevelopmentofagricultureinChina,theoutputofgrain,fruit,vegetablesandmilkhassharplyincreased,whichcontributestothedeclineintheirprices.Secondly,thefamilyincomesofpeoplebothinthecityandinthecountryhavegreatlyrisensothatpeoplenowcanaffordexpensiveclothingandsomeofthemevenwanttodressinthelatestfashion.Finally,asthelivingconditionsimprove,thedemandforavarietyofrecreationsisgrowingsteadily,too.Inshort,withtheincomescontinuingtorise,peoplewillnolongerresignthemselvestolivingadull,monotonouslife.Theyareeagertomaketheirlifeinterestingandexciting.Therefore,Iamsurethatpeoplewillspendmoremoneyonclothingandrecreations.(219words)3．規(guī)定情形式作文：Directions:Migrantworkers(外處民工)havemadeagreatcontributiontotheprosperityofcities.Inthispart,youaretowritewithin40minutesacompositionof200wordsabout“TheRoleofMigrantWorkers”.Youcanagreeand/ordisagree,completelyorpartiallytoabovestatement.Butnomatterwhichpositionyoutake,youshouldsupportingreasons.Asisknowntoall,migrantworkershavemadeagreatcontributiontotheprosperityofcities.Theyareanindispensablepartofourworkforce.Mostofthemworkonconstructionsites.Thereisnodoubtthatwithoutmigrantworkersmanyofconstructionprojectswouldhavetobeheldupforlackofmanpower.Inaddition,alargenumberofmigrantworkersareabeneficialfactor,whichenhancestheconsumptionoffoodanddailyitems.Thisinturnhelpstodevelopfoodindustryandservicetradesincites.Allthesearepositiveaspectsofmigrantworkersincities.However,asapopularsayinggoes,“Everythinghastwosides”.Thesameisthecasewithmigrantworkers.Firstly,mostofthemarenotwelleducatedandprofessionallytrained.Someofthemhavehadverylittleschooling.Asyouknow.Illiteratepeople,whoareusuallyignorantofthelaw,tendtomaketrouble,thusendangeringsocialorder.Secondly,mostofthemigrantworkersswarmintobigcitiesjusttomakemoney.Beingilliterateorunskilled,someofthemwouldstopatnothingtogetwhattheyareambitiousfor.Therefore,theyareapotentialthreattothepeaceandstabilityofsociety.Inmyopinion,intheappraisalofmigrantworkers,itisone-sidedtoaffirmeverythingortonegateeverything.Weshouldappreciatethegreatcontributionmadebythem,andatthesametimepayenoughattentiontotheproblemscausedbythem.(244words)二、Thestructureofaparagraphanditsdevelopment:1.Structureofaparagraph:topicsentence,developmentsentenceandconcludingsentence.2.Waysofdevelopingaparagraph:1)Comparisonandcontrast(比較法)2)Causeandeffect(因果法)3)Exemplification(舉例法)4)Generalizationandqualification(歸納法)5)Argument(談論法)三、Somesentencepatternscommonly-usedincontrolledwriting:關(guān)于利害、優(yōu)弊端的句型：1.S+have(orhas)alotofadvantagesover與.對比有許..多(優(yōu)點)譯：汽車與自行車對比有好多優(yōu)點。havetheadvantageof..(有.方面的優(yōu)點)譯：1）英語好是她的優(yōu)點。）澳大利亞與中國對比，其優(yōu)點是人口少。）他比他們有利的是他會操作電腦。2.beofgreatbenefittosb./sth.(對..有利)譯：你的計算機知識對你未來的工作十分有利3.benefitsb/sth.(對有好處)譯：這家新醫(yī)院對整個社區(qū)有利。benefitfromsth.(因為.而得益)譯：我們將從技術(shù)發(fā)明中得益。4.do(alotof)goodtosb.(對.有好多好處)譯：清晨鍛煉對你很有好處。begoodforsb./sth.(對.有利)譯：蔬菜和水果有利人的健康。dodamagetosth./damagesth.(對.造成傷害)譯：此次地震對城市建筑損壞嚴重。doharmtosth./harmsth./endangersth.(對.有害處)譯：吸煙危害人的健康。5.beas(notso)good/greatas譯：他做得沒有說得好。6.notsomuchas(與其說,不如說)譯：人口的迅速增添與其說是因為出生率的上升不如說是因為死亡率的降落。Thereasonfortherapidincreaseinpopulationisnotsomuchariseinbirthrateasafallindeathrate.說明原由的句型：1.Thereare

goodreasonsExample:Therearetworeasonsforthechangesinconditions.First,wehavebeencarryingoutanopeningandreformour

people’slivingpolicy.Second,national

economyisdeveloping

rapidly

andthebirth

rate

hasbeenputundercontrol.2.Wehavetwogoodreasonsfor譯：我們有好多原由反對工業(yè)不受控制的發(fā)展。3.Thereasonsforisthat+從句譯：我們支持“希望工程”的原由時，好多貧窮地區(qū)的少兒付不起連續(xù)學業(yè)的各種花費。表示不一樣見解的句型：1.DifferentpeopledifferentonthisSomebelievethatOthersarguethatStillothersmaintainthat譯：人們對國際文化交流的見解各不相同。有些人認為，國際文化交流能促使各國人民之間的友誼和認識。另一些人則爭論論，中國是一個擁有5000年歷史的文明古國，并且有自己的傳統(tǒng)文化，它和西方文化截然相反。所以，他們反對國際文化交流。我認為，第2種見解是片面的?，F(xiàn)在國際文化交流是特別重要的。各國人民應該相互認識、相互學習以便增進友情。Peopledifferintheiropinionsontheinternationalculturalexchange.Somebelievethatinternationalculturalexchangecontributestothefriendshipandunderstandingofthepeopleallovertheworld.OthersarguethatChinaisanancientcivilizednationwithahistoryof5000yearsandhasitsowntraditionalculture,whichisquitedifferentfromthatinthewesterncountries.Therefore,theyareopposedtothesecondviewisone-sidedofgreat

internationalandpartial.

culturalexchange.Inmyopinion,theTheinternationalculturalexchangeisimportancenow.Peopleofallcountriesshouldunderstandeachotherandlearnfromeachothertoenhancethefriendshipamongthem.Theyarequitedifferentfromeachotherintheiropinions.Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatitisgoodtohaveasmallfamily.Theythinkquitedifferentlyonthisquestion.Theydiffergreatlyintheirattitudestowardsnoiseproblem.Example:Parentsandchildrenthinkdifferentlyonthisquestion.Parentsholdthatchildrenshouldworkhardanddowellatschool.Children,however,maintainthattheyshouldhavefreedomtospendtheirleisuretimeandtoplanfortheirownfuture.表示一定、緊急、有困難做某事的句型：Itisimportant(necessary,urgent,difficult,easy,convenient,comfortable,expensive,desirable,advisable)forsb.Todosth.Examples:1)Itisinevitablethatthenaturalresourcesthroughouttheworldarediminishingasthedemandforthemisontheincrease.2)Itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsindustryandagriculture.3)Itisurgentforthegovernmenttotakemeasurestocontrolthebirthrateinourcountry/tochangedesertsintofarmland.Itisnecessarytobuildmorehospitals,shoppingcenters,recreationcenters,cinemas,andotherpublicfacilitiestomeettheincreasingneedsofth