考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)華商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)華商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retarding

B.perusing

C.detaining

D.attaining

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)retard“延遲，阻止，妨礙”，B項(xiàng)peruse“詳細(xì)考察，精讀”，C項(xiàng)detain“拘留，留住，耽擱”，D項(xiàng)attain“達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)，獲得”。由afun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappiness“充滿樂(lè)趣、沒(méi)有痛苦的生活等于幸?！?，結(jié)合actually“實(shí)際上”可知，reducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness表示“減少獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會(huì)”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：人們相信充滿樂(lè)趣、沒(méi)有痛苦的生活就等于幸福，這實(shí)際上減少了他們獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會(huì)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

It’sthebrinybrothofourorigins,thepoundingcirculatorysystemoftheworld,a（

）molecularedgeonwhichwesurvive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrated

B.precarious

C.solid

D.collided

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。integrated綜合的，完整的；precarious不穩(wěn)定的，危險(xiǎn)的；solid結(jié)實(shí)的；collided碰撞的。句意：生命起源于海洋，海洋是地球循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)，這些不穩(wěn)定的小分子是我們生存的基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Sincethecouplecouldn't（

）theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revise

B.resume

C.reconcile

D.repel

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。revise“更正，修改”；resume“（中斷后）重新開(kāi)始”；reconcile“使和解，調(diào)解”；repel“擊退”。句意：那對(duì)夫婦不能和解分歧，所以決定離婚。C項(xiàng)符合題意，答案C

4.單選題

（）,althoughhehaddonenothingtobeproudof,Johnbegantoswellouthischestandshowoff.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Favored

B.Frustrated

C.Frauded

D.Flattered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Favored“支持；偏袒”；B選項(xiàng)Frustrated“挫??；阻撓”；C選項(xiàng)Frauded“作假”；D選項(xiàng)Flattered“奉承；恭維”。句意：當(dāng)他被……的時(shí)候，盡管并沒(méi)有做出什么值得驕傲的事情，約翰仍然開(kāi)始挺胸炫耀。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息nothingtobeproudof“沒(méi)什么值得驕傲的地方”，但他的反應(yīng)卻是showoff“炫耀的”，由此可知，約翰是被人奉承了。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Thepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot（）theirprospectofpromotion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spur

B.further

C.induce

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spur“鞭策，刺激”；B選項(xiàng)further“促進(jìn)，助長(zhǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)induce“誘導(dǎo)”；D選項(xiàng)reinforce“加強(qiáng)，鞏固”。根據(jù)句意：追求享樂(lè)對(duì)于雇員而言肯定不能促進(jìn)他們晉升。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

IfyouhappenedtobewatchingNBConthefirstSundaymorninginAugustlastsummer,youwouldhaveseensomethingcurious.There,onthesetofMeetthePress,thehost,DavidGregory,wasinterviewingaguestwhomadeaforcefulcasethattheU.S.economyhadbecome“verydistorted”.Inthewakeoftherecession,thisguestexplained,high-incomeindividuals,largebanks,andmajorcorporationshadexperienceda“significantrecovery”;therestoftheeconomy,bycontrast—includingsmallbusinessesand“averysignificantamountofthelaborforce”—wasstuckandstillstruggling.Whatwewereseeing,heargued,wasnotasingleeconomyatall,butrather“fundamentallytwoseparatetypesofeconomy,”increasinglydistinctanddivergent.

Thisdiagnosis,thoughalarming,washardlyunique:drawingattentiontothedividebetweenthewealthyandeveryoneelsehaslongbeenstandardfareontheleft.(Theideaof“twoAmericas”wasacentralthemeofJohnEdwards’s2004and2008presidentialruns.)Whatmadetheargumentstrikinginthisinstancewasthatitwasbeingofferedbynoneotherthantheformerfive-termFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspan:iconiclibertarian,preeminentdefenderof

thefreemarket,and(atleastuntilrecently)thenation’sforemostdevoteeofAynRand.Whenthehighpriestofcapitalismhimselfisdeclaringthegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.

Thiswideninggapbetweentherichandnon-richhasbeenevidentforyears.Ina2005reporttoinvestors,forinstance,threeanalystsatCitigroupadvisedthat“theWorldisdividingintotwoblocs―thePlutonomyandtherest”.

Inaplutonomythereisnosuchanimalas“theU.S.consumer”or“theUKconsumer”，orindeedthe“Russianconsumer”.Therearerichconsumers,fewinnumber,butdisproportionateinthegiganticsliceofincomeandconsumptiontheytake.Therearetherest,the“non-rich”，themultitudinousmany,butonlyaccountingforsurprisinglysmallbitesofthenationalpie.

Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy—Google,Amazon,theiPhone—broadlyimprovedthelivesofmiddle-classconsumers,evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy.Andtheless-wondrousinventions—particularlytheexplosionofsubprimecredit―helpedmasktheriskofincomeinequalityformanyofthosewhoseearningswerestagnant.

Butthefinancialcrisisanditslong,dismalaftermathhavechangedallthat.Amultibillion-dollarbailoutandWallStreet’sswift,subsequentreinstatementofgargantuanbonuseshaveinspiredanarrativeofparasiticbankersandotherelitesriggingthegamefortheirownbenefit.Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.economy（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoday’ssuper-elitewouldthepassagesupport?

3.Whatcanbesaidofmodemtechnologicalinnovations?

4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatthefinancialcrisisanditsaftermath

（

）.

5.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.faresquitewell

B.hascompletelyrecoveredfromtheeconomicrecession

C.hasitsownproblems

D.islaggingbehindotherindustrialeconomies.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Today’splutocratsarethehereditaryelite.

B.Today’ssuper-richareincreasinglyanationuntothemselves.

C.Theyarethedeservingwinnersofatougheconomiccompetition.

D.Theyareworriedaboutthesocialandpoliticalconsequencesofrisingincomeinequality.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveliftedmanypeopleintothemiddleclass

B.Theyhavenarrowedthegapbetweentherichandthenon-rich

C.Theyhaveledtoariseofincomeinequality.

D.Theyhavebenefitedthegeneralpublic.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.havecompromisedtherichwiththenon-rich

B.haveenrichedtheplutocraticelite

C.haveputAmericansonthealertfortoomuchpowertherichpossess

D.haveenlargedthegapbetweentherichandnon-rich

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.presentthefinancialimbalanceintheU.S.

B.displaysympathyfortheworkingclass

C.criticizethesuper-eliteoftheUnitedStates

D.appreciatethemeritsofthesuperrichintheU.S.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“theU.S.economyhadbecome‘verydistorted’”美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)變得“非常扭曲”，第二段中“thegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.”經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等的增長(zhǎng)是一場(chǎng)全國(guó)性的危機(jī)，某些事情已非常糟糕，可知美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)存在問(wèn)題，因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.”這個(gè)反過(guò)來(lái)導(dǎo)致更廣泛且合理的擔(dān)心，即我們不僅生活在一個(gè)一個(gè)富人經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中，而且還生活在一個(gè)富豪統(tǒng)治中，在這其中，富人顯示巨大的政治影響力、狹隘自私的動(dòng)機(jī)。因此D選項(xiàng)“他們擔(dān)心不斷上升的收入不平等所帶來(lái)的社會(huì)和政治影響”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中“Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.”在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退之前，人們很容易忽視財(cái)富集中在少數(shù)精英階層身上，因此C選項(xiàng)“他們導(dǎo)致收入不平等的上升”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.”可知美國(guó)貧富差距巨大，經(jīng)融危機(jī)讓美國(guó)人意識(shí)到富人具有太多的權(quán)利，因此選C。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的呈兩種分化趨勢(shì)，存在的問(wèn)題，以及富人和窮人之間的差距，因此A選項(xiàng)“介紹美國(guó)金融失衡”符合題意。

7.單選題

Don'tleaveyourbicycleoutintherain.It'llget（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rusty

B.crude

C.rough

D.tough

【答案】A

【解析】句意：不要將你的自行車(chē)放在雨中,

會(huì)生銹的。選項(xiàng)A正確。

8.填空題

Reconstructionmeansbroadlyforusreformulateandrefocusing

ontiesbetweenparticularpracticesandtheoriesofprosefictionandthefactsoflife,thatis,historical,biographical,andtextualfactsaboutauthors,readers,critics,andtheirworksandworlds.Criticalreconstructioncanevenshowhowpreviousfictionshavehelpedtocallintobesubsequentrealitiesandsubjectivities.Buttheprojectof

reconstructionmustbepluralandtextuallyspecific,ifitisnottobereductiveand,fromourlatetwentieth-centuryroller-coasterperspectivetohistory,toturnquicklyintoold-hattotalizing.Thereare

myriadwaysforcriticstoreconstructarelationshipbetweenatextandsomeaspectofreality.Letahundredbloomsflower.Thisbook,asawholeandinitsparts,featurestheinterplayoffictionsthan“therealworld,”butitexploresandexpandsideasofwhat

fictionandrealitymightbe.Indiscussionsofparticulartexts,itraises

andaddressessuchquestions,bothtimeandperennial,asthese:How

doesfictionworktorepresentandcommunicatetruthabouttheworld?Whatistheconnectionbetweenperceivedhistoricalrealityandtheformoflanguageinwhichanovelisnarrated?Howdoeswritingmediatethetensionsbetweenpublicandprivatelife,andwhatdoes

fictiontodowithformulatingtheveryconceptofsuchasplit?Whatisitexactlythatpeopleofagiventimewantandgetfromaparticularnovel?Howdoesanovelist’slifegiveformtoanovel?Howarereality,thenovel,knowledge,andthepracticeandformoffictionknownasrealismrelating,andwhatmightrealismmeannowasmoderncritics

reconstructideasaboutit?Howdoesacriticaltheoristofliteraturemovetopoliticaltheory?Howdotheeffectsofwriting“travel,”bothgeographicallyandintime?And,mostsignificantlyforus,whatcontinuestomatteraboutsomeparticularworkorworks?AllthesearequestionsIanWatt’sworkhasfloatedforusandhelpedbringintofocus.WattintegratedtheskillsandvirtuesofNewCriticism’sclosereadingswithconcernforsuchhistoricalfactorsaseconomicchange,

classandgenderdeterminants,thedynamicnatureofareadingpublic,culturalandphilosophicinfluences,socialpsychology,shitsinsignifyingpractices,andtheoriesofnarrativethathadbeenmissing,lost,orslightinginmuchinfluentialpostwarliterarycriticism.His

boldnessintakingthestudyofliteratureinitiallybeyondpuretextualanalysisintorealmsofsociology,ideology,andculturalrelations,andthenbackintoindividualnovelsforricherandmorecomplexreadingswasabrilliantaccomplishmentthatbroadenedextendingtherangeof

literaryscholarship.Heopenedupfieldsforscholarsofallbents—fieldsconsisting,tobesure,ofturftofightabout.Hisinterdisciplinarymethodwasinstrumentalinhelpingtobringabouttheinteractionofmanycriticalpracticesandpositionsthatcontinuestopreoccupycritics.

1.______

2.______

3.______

4.______

5.______

6.______

7.______

8.______

9.______

10.______

【答案】1.【答案】reformulate改為reformulating

2.【答案】callintobe去掉be

3.【答案】perspectiveto改為perspectiveof

4.【答案】but改為and

5.【答案】asthese改為suchas

6.【答案】does改為has

7.【答案】relating改為related

8.【答案】economicchange改為economicchanges

9.【答案】lost改成losing

10.【答案】broadenedextending去掉extending

【解析】1.【解題思路】由and后面的現(xiàn)在分詞refocusing（重新關(guān)注）可知，reformulate（再用形式表示）與refocusing并列，所以reformulate也應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故reformulate應(yīng)改成reformulating。

2.【解題思路】callinto是常用詞組，表示“喚起”，后面可以直接跟名詞，不用加be，所以把be去掉。

3.【解題思路】perspectiveof（……的角度）是固定用法，不能和to搭配，所以把to改為of。

4.【解題思路】這句句意是“這本書(shū)，作為一個(gè)整體和它的部分，特點(diǎn)是小說(shuō)的相互作用，而不是現(xiàn)實(shí)世界，它探索和擴(kuò)展了虛構(gòu)和現(xiàn)實(shí)可能是什么的想法”，可知前后為并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以把but改為and。

5.【解題思路】這句句意是“在對(duì)特定文本的討論中，它提出并解決了這樣的問(wèn)題，既有時(shí)間上的，也有長(zhǎng)期存在的”，然后下文列舉了一些問(wèn)題，而asthese沒(méi)有表示“舉例”的用法，所以要把a(bǔ)sthese改為suchas。

6.【解題思路】has/havetodowith是固定搭配，表示“與……有關(guān)”，而fiction是單數(shù)，所以要把does改為has。

7.【解題思路】這句句意是“現(xiàn)實(shí)、小說(shuō)、知識(shí)、小說(shuō)的實(shí)踐和形式是如何被稱(chēng)為現(xiàn)實(shí)主義相關(guān)的”，表示“與……相關(guān)的”要用relate的過(guò)去分詞形式related，所以要把relating改為related。

8.【解題思路】suchas（例如）表示舉例，economicchange（經(jīng)濟(jì)變化）和classandgenderdeterminants（階級(jí)和性別決定因素）以及后面的名詞短語(yǔ)都是并列的成分，所以統(tǒng)一都用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故把change改為changes。

9.【解題思路】lost和missing、slighting一樣都是并列動(dòng)詞，hadbeendoing表示“過(guò)去一直在做的事情”，所以要把lost改為losing。

10.【解題思路】broaden和extend都是動(dòng)詞，都表示“擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展”，這里broaden是定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，避免語(yǔ)義重復(fù)，要把extending去掉。

9.單選題

Sincetheendofthewar,asemblanceof（）hasgraduallyreturnedwithpeoplegoingtoworkandshopsreopening.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.normalization

B.norm

C.normative

D.normality

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法和形近詞辨析。根據(jù)asemblanceof可知，空格應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞，所以選項(xiàng)C可排除。normalization“正常化；正規(guī)化”，norm“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)范”；normality“常態(tài)”。句意：自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束以來(lái)，隨著人們?nèi)ド习嗪鸵恍┥痰甑闹匦麻_(kāi)張，表面上漸漸地恢復(fù)了正常狀態(tài)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Expertssaidtheamountofcompensationforsicksmokerswouldbereducedifcoolerjurorsprevailed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resigned

B.compromised

C.persist

D.dominate

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:專(zhuān)家說(shuō)假如陪審團(tuán)成員（

）的話，那么賠償給吸煙患者的數(shù)額就會(huì)減少。

resign辭職，放棄，委托。compromise妥協(xié)，和解persist堅(jiān)持，持續(xù)。dominate控制，支配，占優(yōu)勢(shì)，占主要地位。prevail:戰(zhàn)勝，流行。

11.單選題

Thedirectionswereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.notorious

C.ambitious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ingenious“機(jī)靈的；心靈手巧的”；B選項(xiàng)notorious“聲名狼藉的；臭名昭著的”；C選項(xiàng)ambitious“有雄心的；野心勃勃的”；D選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的；模棱兩可的”。句意：這些指示太不明確了，以致不可能完成任務(wù)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

MariaChapmanwrotemany（）condemningslaveryatthattime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prescriptions

B.directories

C.booklets

D.prototypes

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prescriptions“處方；藥方”；B選項(xiàng)directories“目錄；名錄”；C選項(xiàng)booklets“小冊(cè)子”；D選項(xiàng)prototypes“原型；雛形”。句意：瑪麗亞?查普曼寫(xiě)了許多……，譴責(zé)當(dāng)時(shí)的奴隸制度。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞wrote“寫(xiě)”，可知空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入與文章類(lèi)有關(guān)的單詞，因此可以排除A，B，D選項(xiàng)。后面的condemningslaveryatthattime“譴責(zé)當(dāng)時(shí)的奴隸制度”做后置定語(yǔ)，可譯為寫(xiě)了很多譴責(zé)當(dāng)時(shí)的奴隸制度的小冊(cè)子。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.翻譯題

人們不會(huì)再建造大學(xué)校，而是會(huì)縮減現(xiàn)今存在的學(xué)校的規(guī)模以滿足不斷變化的學(xué)生需求，這些學(xué)生愿意把很多時(shí)間花在不到校學(xué)習(xí)上。隨著每天到校的學(xué)生越來(lái)越少，需要的設(shè)備也就越來(lái)越少，那么，在設(shè)備上的投資也就越來(lái)越少，設(shè)備的價(jià)值很快也就喪失了。教育機(jī)構(gòu)的電腦會(huì)被連接到能提供幾乎是沒(méi)有限制的計(jì)算能力和不斷更新的軟件的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。在科技和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上節(jié)省下來(lái)的資金會(huì)被用到為所有學(xué)生提供更好的教學(xué)設(shè)施，通過(guò)掌上電腦給所有學(xué)生提供可以進(jìn)入到計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心的接入口。學(xué)生將用這些掌上電腦完成所有的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，上傳和下載信息，打印報(bào)告，進(jìn)入網(wǎng)絡(luò)，還有就是存儲(chǔ)他們研究的結(jié)果。

不公正并不會(huì)在2010年就消失。然而，無(wú)論是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)等級(jí)，還是精神或體格的需要，富人和窮人之間的不平等會(huì)直接通過(guò)政策，管理和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的優(yōu)先權(quán)加以削弱。這些優(yōu)先權(quán)會(huì)促使將用于建筑和管理的費(fèi)用轉(zhuǎn)向以學(xué)生為驅(qū)動(dòng)的費(fèi)用，即為所有的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備可以進(jìn)入到先進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的必備的學(xué)習(xí)工具。所有的學(xué)生都將有機(jī)會(huì)讓他們自己為充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的新經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)做好準(zhǔn)備。教育機(jī)會(huì)不再會(huì)因?yàn)閭€(gè)人出身低或是沒(méi)有資源而被損失掉。

社區(qū)會(huì)在教育中扮演更為重要的角色。當(dāng)?shù)氐钠髽I(yè)會(huì)在學(xué)生的專(zhuān)業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備中發(fā)揮重要的作用。這些企業(yè)如果在此活動(dòng)中表現(xiàn)突出的話，可以接受稅務(wù)減免。

【答案】【參考譯文】

AVisionofEducationintheYear201014.單選題

Asajuniorassistantmanager,hehadbeenselectedfor（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interruption

B.promotion

C.consideration

D.intuition

【答案】B

【解析】句意:作為一個(gè)年輕的副經(jīng)理,他已被選中為提拔對(duì)象。

考查名詞辨析。Interruption中斷時(shí)間,打擾,插嘴;promotion提升,提拔,晉升;consideration仔細(xì)考慮,深思,斟酌;intuition直覺(jué)力,(一種)直覺(jué)。故B符合句意。

15.單選題

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately，thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomakethearea，whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningshouldbedoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener（）.

3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?

4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree（）.

5.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.makethetreegrowtaller

B.improvetheshapeofthetree

C.getridofthesmallbranches

D.makethesmallbranchesthicker

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

B.doesnotprotectthemfromwind

C.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly

D.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

B.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

C.Tocoveraroughsurface.

D.Tohelpawoundtodry.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.atintervalsthroughouttheyear

B.asquicklyaspossible

C.occasionallywhennecessary

D.regulareverywinter

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

B.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

C.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases.

D.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Pruningshouldbedone”定位至第二段：pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize（修枝是為了確保樹(shù)木按照所需要的形狀或大小生長(zhǎng)）。因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Treesbecomeunhealthy”定位至第二段：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentre…（剪去堵塞中心的樹(shù)枝可以促進(jìn)樹(shù)木的健康）。因此推測(cè)，樹(shù)木中心的樹(shù)枝太多不利于樹(shù)木的生長(zhǎng)，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“specialsubstancepaintedonthetree”定位至第三段：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease...andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.由此可知，在樹(shù)木切口表面漆上特殊的材料就是為了防止病害從樹(shù)木切口進(jìn)入，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.第一段指出：moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway（不必要的剪枝會(huì)給樹(shù)木帶來(lái)更多的傷害）。由此推測(cè)，好的園丁只是在必要的時(shí)候才修剪樹(shù)木，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.通篇作者在闡述什么情況下修剪樹(shù)木并且詳細(xì)介紹了原因和方法。因此，作者的目的是在修剪樹(shù)木方面給予實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

16.單選題

Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.

ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.

Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.

Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.

IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.

TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.

1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat（

）.

2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.WhataspectsoffiresafetyandpreventionshouldtheUnitedStateslearnfromJapan?

5.TonarrowthegapbetweenthefiredeathrateintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries,theauthorsuggests（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theytooknointerestinnewtechnology

B.theydidn’tattachgreatimportancetopreventingfires

C.theyshowedindifferencetofightingfires

D.theydidn’tspendenoughmoneyonfirefacilities

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.stillhastheworstfiredeathrateintheworld.

B.isstillalerttothefireproblem

C.isstilltrainingalargenumberofsafetyexperts

D.isstillconfrontedwiththeseriousfireproblem

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.firesafetylessonsshouldbeaimedatAmericanadults

B.Americanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylessons

C.JapanisbetterequippedwithfirefacilitiesthantheUnitesStales

D.America'slargepopulationaccountsforhighfirefrequency

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Architectureandbuildingmaterials

B.Educationandtechnology

C.Lawsandattitude

D.Alloftheabove

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.developingnewtechnology

B.countingmoreonlawsandsocialpressure

C.placingafireextinguisherineveryfamily

D.reinforcingthesafenessofhouseholdappliances

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.（安全專(zhuān)家說(shuō)，問(wèn)題既不是金錢(qián)，也不是技術(shù)，而是一個(gè)對(duì)火災(zāi)不夠重視的國(guó)家的冷漠）和第三段中的Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.（它在預(yù)防火災(zāi)方面比在滅火中花費(fèi)的要少得多）可知美國(guó)火災(zāi)多的原因是他們不夠重視預(yù)防火災(zāi)，因此選B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.（但即使如此成功，美國(guó)仍然是世界上火災(zāi)死亡率最高的國(guó)家之一）可知D選項(xiàng)“仍然面臨著嚴(yán)重的火災(zāi)問(wèn)題”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.（在美國(guó)，大部分教育費(fèi)用都花在小學(xué)上。但是，這些課程的目標(biāo)受眾太少，只有9%的火災(zāi)死亡是由玩火柴的兒童造成的）可知A選項(xiàng)“消防安全課程應(yīng)針對(duì)美國(guó)成年人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第四段中的Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime...Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.（專(zhuān)家說(shuō)，致命的錯(cuò)誤是一種態(tài)度，即火災(zāi)不是任何人的過(guò)錯(cuò)。在其他國(guó)家情況并非如此，在這些國(guó)家，公共教育和法律都將火災(zāi)視為個(gè)人過(guò)失或犯罪……日本已經(jīng)有27項(xiàng)因過(guò)失引起嚴(yán)重火災(zāi)的處罰，最高可達(dá)無(wú)期徒刑）可知C選項(xiàng)“法律和態(tài)度”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通讀全文，可知作者對(duì)文章最后一段中的TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.（美國(guó)繼續(xù)更多地依賴(lài)技術(shù)，而不是法律或社會(huì)壓力）這種“不依靠法律或社會(huì)壓力”的觀點(diǎn)是不贊成，認(rèn)為需要依靠法律和社會(huì)壓力來(lái)減少美國(guó)火災(zāi)的發(fā)生，因此選B。

17.單選題

Millionairescanbreatheabiteasier.WhilePresidentBarackObamasayshewantstoletincometaxcutsthatbenefitonlythewealthiestAmericansexpirein2013,severalstatesarerollingbacktaxincreasesfortopearners.

NewYork’shighesttaxratesonincomesexceeding$500,000willfallbackto7.85percent,from8.97percent,thisyear.Maryland’s6.25percenttaxonincomesabove$1millionexpiredattheendof2010,whileCalifornia’stoptaxrateforMillionaireshasdroppedto10.3percentfrom10.55percent.

Atleastsevenstatesinstitutedtemporaryso-calledmillionairetaxesduringtherecession.Thoseleviesarebecominghardertojustifynowthatstaterevenuesarerebounding.Overall,statetaxrevenuegrew12percentinAprilcomparedwithayearearlier,whichmaytrim$20billionfromestimatedstatesbudgetshortfall,accordingtoarecentGoldmanSachs(GS)report.Thesoak-the-richdrive“justpeteredout”,saysJosephHenchman,vicepresidentforlegalandstateprojectsattheTaxFoundationinWashington,agroupfocusedonloweringtaxes.“Allofthesestatesarebackingawaynow.”

Businessgroupshavebeenvocalopponentsofthetemporaryhikes.TheBusinessCouncilofNewYorkStatehasopposedeffortstomaintainthetaxincreaseonthegroundsthatsuchmeasuresareanindirecttaxonbusinessincome.MorebusinessownerswhoarepaidbypartnershipsorScorporationsreportbusinessincomeontheirindividualreturns.KennethJ.Pokalsky,theBusinessCouncil’sseniordirectorofgovernmentaffairs,says25percentofrevenuegeneratedfromthestate’staxonhigherearnerscamefrombusinessincome.InCalifornia,theSiliconValleyLeadershipGroup,whosemembersincludeBankofAmerica(BAC),Apple(AAPL),andMicrosoft(MSFT),alongwith12otherbusinessgroups,havetoldlawmakersthattaxincreasesshouldbeextendedonlyiflawmakersagreeto“structuralreform”ofthebudget.

Republicans,whotypicallyopposetaxhikes,nowholdamajorityofgovemorships-29-andmanywereelectedlastyearaftercampaigningagainsttaxincreases.NewJerseygovernorChrisChristie,aRepublican,receivednationalattentionaftervetoingabillthatwouldhaveextendedataxonmillionairesinthestate.

SomeDemocratsarealsofightingthehighertaxes.NewYorkGovernorAndrewCuomosparkedabattlewithfellowpartymembersinthelegislatureearlierthisyearbyopposinglegislationthatwouldmaintainthehigherratesonindividualsearningmorethan$1million.MarylandGovernorMartinO’Malley,aDemocrat,didn’tpushtoextendhisState’smillionairetaxlastyear.“Iwouldliketothinkit’sbecausethesearenotverygoodpolicies,”Henchmansays,“Ifyou’reaconservative,youdon’treallylikethesetaxes.Ifyou’realiberal,theseservicesshouldbesoimportantthateveryoneshouldhavetopayforthem”.

TheAmericanpublicisalmostevenlydividedonthequestionsofwhetherthewealthyshouldshoulderahighertaxburden.AGalluppollreleasedonJune2found49percentrespondentsopposedhighertaxesontherich,while47percentsupportedthem.

31.BarackObamawantsto________.

32.________isoneofthepossiblereasonswhystaterevenuesrevived?

33.WhatcanbeinferredfromJosephHenchman’swords?

34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheSiliconValleyLeadershipGroupiscorrect?

35.Whichisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cutincometaxin2013

B.extendmillionairetaxto2013

C.benefitthewealthiestAmericansbycuttingincometax

D.rollbacktaxincreasesfortopearners

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Initiatingtemporarymillionairetaxesduringthedepression

B.Levyingtaxonatleastsevenstatesinstitutions

C.Trimming$20billionfromstatebudget

D.Estimatingstatebudgetshortfalls

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thestatethatinstitutedmillionairetaxesaregoingtoabolishit.

B.Allofthesesatesarefocusingonthesoak-the-richdrivenow.

C.Thesoak-the-richdrivehasjuststartedout.

D.Onlyahandfulofthesestatesarefocusingonloweringtaxes.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itwas15membersintotal