考研考博-英語-三明醫(yī)學(xué)科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-三明醫(yī)學(xué)科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

（

）Isympathize,Ican’treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Aslongas

B.As

C.While

D.Even

【答案】C

【解析】考查連詞。A選項(xiàng)Aslongas“只要”；B選項(xiàng)As“只要，隨著”；C選項(xiàng)While“盡管”；D選項(xiàng)Even“甚至，即使”。（）我同情，我對他們脫困幫助不了太多。這里兩個句子是轉(zhuǎn)折讓步的關(guān)系，所以答案A排除，as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語的時候要用部分倒裝，所以答案B排除；D選項(xiàng)是副詞不能連接兩個句子，所以答案D排除；所以答案選C選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Intheir（）

thegroupsoldasmanyrecordsasalltheothergroupsinthecountryputtogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eulogy

B.heyday

C.summit

D.mundaneness

【答案】B

【解析】eulogy“頌詞”；heyday“全盛期”；summit“頂點(diǎn)”；mundaneness“世俗，平凡”。句意：在他們的全盛時期，這個團(tuán)隊(duì)的銷售量是本國其他所有團(tuán)隊(duì)的銷售量總和。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.翻譯題

Translatethe.followingshortparagraphsintoEnglish

本世紀(jì)初，小麥簡直就是加拿大西部的命脈。小麥?zhǔn)粘珊茫?jīng)濟(jì)則繁榮；小麥歉收，經(jīng)濟(jì)則蕭條。城市中大街小巷的人們都在關(guān)注著小麥的收成和價格，這種心情就好像他們就是種植者一樣。小麥的市場行情成了人們的熱門話題。

戰(zhàn)爭使西部糧食市場發(fā)生了許多戲劇性的變化。多年以來，農(nóng)民們不信任在糧食交易所從事的糧食投機(jī)買賣。秋季的麥價一般都較低，但是農(nóng)民們等不到市場好轉(zhuǎn)。他們常常在小麥一收割后就賣掉，過后則眼睜睜看著小麥漲價，投機(jī)者從中發(fā)財(cái)。在各種時機(jī)，農(nóng)民團(tuán)體曾多次要求政府對市場嚴(yán)加控制，但政府不想卷入其中，直到戰(zhàn)爭期間，麥價有失控的危險時，政府才介入。由于迫切需要控制通貨膨脹和生活費(fèi)用上漲，聯(lián)邦政府設(shè)立了一個糧食監(jiān)督委員會來處理從1917年至1918年的糧食收繳工作。

【答案】Atthebeginningofthiscentury,wheatwasthelifelineofWestofCanada.Theeconomywouldprosperiftherewasagoodharvest,otherwisetheeconomywouldbedepressed.Peopleinurbanareasallpaidattentiontotheharvestandpriceofwheat,asiftheyweretheplanters.Andthemarketconditionofwheatbecameahottopic.

Warhasbroughtaboutnumerousdramaticchangesinwesterngrainmarket.Formanyyears,farmershaveneverbeentrustinggrainspeculationactivities.Generally,thepricewasrelativelylowinfall,however,theycouldnotwaitthehighprice.Theywouldsellwheatonceharvested,andcouldonlyseespeculatorsgaingreatbenefitfromtheincreasingofwheatprice.Duringvariousperiodsoftime,farmergroupshadrequiredthegovernmentstocarryoutstrictcontroluponthegrainmarket,butthegovernmentwouldn’twillingtointerveneuntilthepricewaslostcontrolduringthewar.Asitbecameurgenttocontrolinflationandlivingexpenses,theFederalgovernmentsetuptheGrainOversightCommitteetodealwiththebuyingandsellingofgrainduring1917to1918.

4.單選題

Shefelloffherhorseandbadly（

）herself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wounded

B.damaged

C.injured

D.harmed

【答案】C

【解析】同義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)wound“受傷”；B選項(xiàng)damage“損害”；C選項(xiàng)injure“傷害”；D選項(xiàng)harm“危害”。句意：她從馬上摔下來，受了重傷。四個選項(xiàng)都有受傷的意思，但wound側(cè)重于在戰(zhàn)爭中受傷；damage通常指對無生命物體造成的損害；injure側(cè)重于意外事故導(dǎo)致的傷害；harm側(cè)重于導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果。所以選項(xiàng)C更符合語境。

5.單選題

Duringthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedstudentstoreadafew（

）fromthenovel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pieces

B.essays

C.fragments

D.extracts

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:上閱讀課時，老師要求學(xué)生閱讀小說中的幾個。

pieces(完整的)作品;essay論文,文章;fragment片段,一般指文藝作品中的殘存部分；extract書本中的摘錄，選段等。故選D。

6.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisershowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance.

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.uniform

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.（我們中很少有人滿足于接受自己的現(xiàn)狀，也很少有人敢忽視時尚潮流）可知C選項(xiàng)“很難忽視時尚”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment（我們將能夠充滿信心地認(rèn)識新的人，并且能夠自信地、毫不尷尬地處理每一件事）可知時尚雜志和電視廣告將時尚與人的自信聯(lián)系在一起，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.（有時是方便或?qū)嶋H需要，或僅僅是一個有影響力的人的幻想就能建立起一種時尚）可知導(dǎo)致時尚變化的原因是多變的，沒有特定的原因，因此D選項(xiàng)“無法解釋的”最為恰當(dāng)。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（不再需要像其他人那樣穿衣服了。在合理的范圍內(nèi)，你可以穿自己喜歡的衣服，也可以用你喜歡的方式做頭發(fā)，而不是你應(yīng)該做的樣子，因?yàn)檫@是時尚）可知當(dāng)今社會更尊重個人選擇，強(qiáng)調(diào)個性化，因此選D。

5.主旨大意題。由文章最后一段中的第一句Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同時，外表在某些情況下仍然很重要，所以我們必須謹(jǐn)慎地選擇我們的衣服）可知A選項(xiàng)“在正式場合下需要注意外貌形象”符合題意。

7.翻譯題

Oneoftheprincipalapplicationsofthediode(二極管)isintheproductionofadcvoltagefromanacsupply(電源),aprocessreferredtoasrectification(整流).

【答案】二極管的主要應(yīng)用之一是從交流電源中產(chǎn)生直流電壓，這一過程稱之為“整流”。

8.單選題

Manyleadersofthechurchesarenowsayingthatpreparationfordemolishinganentirehumancityisinherentlyimmoral.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.developing

B.deserting

C.designing

D.destroying

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.developing發(fā)展B.deserting拋棄

C.designing設(shè)計(jì)D.destroying破壞

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】劃線部分語義為“準(zhǔn)備____整個人類城市”，后文提到“（這）本來就是不道德的”，原詞demolish“破壞；摧毀”。因此，D選項(xiàng)destroying“破壞”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)developing“發(fā)展”，不符合語義銜接；

B選項(xiàng)deserting“拋棄”，不符合原文語義；

C選項(xiàng)designing“設(shè)計(jì)”，不符合語義銜接。

【句意】現(xiàn)在許多教會領(lǐng)袖說，準(zhǔn)備摧毀整個人類城市本來就是不道德的。

9.單選題

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey___toviolenceinordertoescape.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.proceed開始；繼續(xù)進(jìn)行B.appeal呼吁；懇求

C.resort訴諸；采取D.incline傾向于

【考察點(diǎn)】詞組辨析

【解題思路】句意為只有動物在被困住的時候，它們才會采取暴力措施來逃走。C選項(xiàng)resort接to表采取的意思，符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)proceedto繼續(xù)下去；

B選項(xiàng)appealto呼吁；上訴；要求；對……有吸引力；

D選項(xiàng)inclineto傾向于。Inclineto更多指具有什么傾向。但是該題目應(yīng)該選采取暴力措施。因?yàn)轭}意為動物們已經(jīng)被困住了；

以上選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】一般來說，只有當(dāng)動物被困住時，它們才會采取暴力措施以逃脫。

10.單選題

Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat______bysteam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.towed

B.pressed

C.tossed

D.propelled

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.towed（用繩索）拖，拉B.pressed壓，推，施加壓力

C.tossed（輕輕或漫不經(jīng)心地）扔，拋D.propelled推動，驅(qū)動

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個非謂語動詞做后置定語修飾boat，與前面的boat構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，而空格處動作的發(fā)出者是steam（蒸汽），因此表示“推動”符合語義。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)都不符合語義邏輯。

【句意】在老師的指導(dǎo)下，學(xué)生們正在做一個蒸汽驅(qū)動的模型船。

11.單選題

Onlyonemoreweekandthecontractwill____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.runout

B.bringabout

C.putthrough

D.carryon

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.runout用完；到期B.bringabout引起

C.putthrough給……接通電話；使……遭受D.carryon繼續(xù)；從事；進(jìn)行

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】句意：再過一個星期，合同就……。根據(jù)句意，可以推測，再過一個星期，有效的合同就到期結(jié)束了。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合句意；

D選項(xiàng)，這里指的是合同再過一個星期就到期了，而不是合同繼續(xù)，該選項(xiàng)不符合邏輯。

【句意】再過一個星期合同就到期了。

12.單選題

Scientistsrecentlyrevealedaninstinctinwomenintactandunaffectedbytheageoftechnology.Glancingthroughglossyartbooks,LeeSalknoticedthatfourtimesoutoffiveMaryisdepictedholdingtheinfantJesusagainstherleftbreastTheMadonnasparkedoffaseriesofexperimentsandobservationstodetermineonwhichsidewomenholdtheirbabiesandwhy.

Firsthedeterminedthatmodernmothersstilltendtoholdtheirbabyontheleft.Of255right-handedmothers,83%heldthebabyontheleft.Andoutof32left-handedwomen,78%heldthebabyontheleft.Asacontrol,womenwerewatchedemergingfromsupermarketscarryingbaby-sizedpackages;thebundleswereheldwithnosidepreference.

Then,dentalpatientsweregivenalargerubberballtoholdduringtreatment.Themajorityclutchedtheballtotheirleftside,evenwhenitinterferedwiththedentist'sactivities.Thissuggestedthatintimesofstressobjectsareheldagainsttheleftside.

Atthatpointanapparentlycontradictoryphenomenonwasobserved.Alargenumberofmotherswhobroughttheirprematurebabiestoafollow-upclinicwereseentoholdtheirbabiesagainsttheirrightside.

So,115motherswhohadbeenseparatedfromtheirbabiesfor24hoursafterbirthwereobservedforholdingresponse.Theexperimentspresentedthebabydirectlytothemid-lineofthemother'sbody,andnotedthatthemothersofthegroupwhohadheldtheirbabyonthelefthadalreadyhadababyfromwhichtheyhadnotbeenseparatedafterbirth.

Theauthorsuggestedthat"thetimeimmediatelyafterbirthisacriticalperiodwhenthestimulusofholdingthebabyreleasesacertainmaternalresponse."Thatistosay,shesensesthebabyisbetteroffonherleft.

Left-handedholdingenablesthebabytoheartheheart-beat——asoundassociatedwiththesecurityofthewomb.Inordertodiscoverwhetherhearingthehearthasabeneficialeffectonthebaby,thesoundofahumanheartbeatwasplayedto102babiesinaNewYorknurseryfor4days.Acontrolgroupofbabieswasnotexposedtoheartbeats.Thebabiesinthebeatgroupgainedmarkedlymoreweightandcriedfarlessthanthebabiesinthecontrolgroup.

1.WhydidLeeSalkwatchwomencomingoutofsupermarkets?

2.Theword"critical"inline1,paragraph6means（

）.

3.Whatisthereasongivenforthegainintheweightofthebabiesinthe"beatgroup"?

4.Salk’sexperimentsprovedthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toseehowtheycarriedtheirbabies.

B.Toseeiftheywereleft-handed.

C.Toseeiftheycarriedparcelsandbabiesdifferently.

D.Tocontrolthem.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.veryserious

B.extremelyimportant

C.verydangerous

D.risky

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thesoundofthehumanheartbeatremindsthebabyofthesecurityofthewomb.

B.Thesoundofthehumanheartbeatresemblesthatofthebaby'sownheartbeat.

C.Thesoundofthehumanheartbeatresemblesthatofthemother'sheartbeat

D.Thesoundofthehumanheartbeatisregularandrhythmical.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.mothershaveaninstincttoholdtheirbabiesontheleftimmediatelyafterbirth

B.mothersholdtheirbabiesontheleftonlyattimesofstress

C.mothersofprematurebabiesdonothavetheinstincttoholdtheirbabiesontheleft.

D.mothersfinditmorecomfortabletocarrytheirbabiesontheleftbecausetheheartisonthatside.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Asacontrol,womenwerewatchedemergingfromsupermarketscarryingbaby-sizedpackages;thebundleswereheldwithnosidepreference(作為對照，觀察女性從超市里抱著嬰兒大小的包裹從超市走出來時,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有任何方向偏好)。因此推斷C項(xiàng)“看看她們是否以不同的方式抱包裹和嬰兒”正確。

2.詞義題。"critical"所在句子為:Theauthorsuggestedthat"thetimeimmediatelyafterbirthisacriticalperiodwhenthestimulusofholdingthebabyreleasesacertainmaternalresponse."(作者認(rèn)為“出生后的一段時間是一種想要懷抱嬰兒的刺激催化出一定母性反應(yīng)的…時期)。定語從句“whenthestimulusofholdingthebabyreleasesacertainmaternalresponse(一種想要懷抱嬰兒的刺激催化了-種母性的反應(yīng))”修飾先行詞criticalperiod,由此推斷critical的意思可能為“非常重要的”。故選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Left-handedholdingenablesthebabytoheartheheart-beat——asoundassociatedwiththesecurityofthewomb(用左側(cè)懷抱嬰兒可以使其聽到母親的心跳聲，即一種與子宮安全狀態(tài)相關(guān)的聲音),由此可知A“人類心跳的聲音提醒嬰兒子宮的安全狀態(tài)”正確。

4.判斷推理題。A:嬰兒出生后，母親立刻就會有用左側(cè)懷抱嬰兒的本能,倒數(shù)第二段指出:thetimeimmediatelyafterbirthisacriticalperiodwhenthestimulusofholdingthebabyreleasesacertainmaternalresponse(緊接著分娩的那一時刻非常關(guān)鍵，此時，一種想要懷抱嬰兒的刺激催化了某種母性的反應(yīng)),故A項(xiàng)與原文不符;B:只有在緊張的時候母親才會把嬰兒抱在左邊,文章并未提及;C:早產(chǎn)嬰兒的母親沒有將自己的嬰兒抱在左側(cè)的本能,第四段指出:Alargenumberofmotherswhobroughttheirprematurebabiestoafollow-upclinicwereseentoholdtheirbabiesagainsttheirrightside(許多母親帶著早產(chǎn)兒隨訪診所就醫(yī)時,是把嬰兒抱在右邊的),但是并不能推測出C項(xiàng);D:母親發(fā)現(xiàn)將自己的嬰兒抱在左側(cè)更舒服，因?yàn)樾呐K在左側(cè),最后一段指出:Left-handedholdingenablesthebabytoheartheheart-beat——asoundassociatedwiththesecurityofthewomb(.用左側(cè)懷抱嬰兒可以使其聽到母親的心跳聲，即一種與子宮安全狀態(tài)相關(guān)的聲音),由此推測D正確。

13.單選題

Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apesandmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.

Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallstoneasahammer.Stonessuitableoruseasanvilsarenoteasytofind,andoftenachimpanzeemaycarryhaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.

Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstem.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.

Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?

4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.

B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.

C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.

D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usetoolstogatherfood

B.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatask

C.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanother

D.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itusesitsbreakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.

B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.

C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.

D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclaws

B.usingstonesasweapons

C.defendingthemselveswithseaanemones

D.hidingunderseaplants

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章討論的主要問題是……”。文章第一段提到動物使用工具，主要是靈長類，但也有其他一些哺乳動物、鳥類等；第二段提到很多種類的動物使用工具來捕捉食物；第三段提到有些動物使用工具來挖洞或者找昆蟲；最后一段提到動物使用工具來攻擊。由此可知選項(xiàng)D“許多動物開發(fā)了工具的有效使用方式”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的動物工具使用者，因?yàn)椤?。文章第二段提到“它們選擇一塊大而平的石頭做砧板，另一塊小一點(diǎn)的石頭當(dāng)錘子，有時候會推著堅(jiān)果走到超過40米外的地方找合適的砧板”（Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil），由此可知選項(xiàng)B“使用不止一種工具來完成任務(wù)”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是“下面哪個選項(xiàng)可以從文章中推斷出啄木鳥的行為”。文章第三段最后一句話提到“啄木鳥會帶著它的細(xì)枝在樹木之間飛來飛去”（Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey），可以推斷出啄木鳥這么做是為了找蟲子，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)寄居蟹能夠把章魚趕走是通過……”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用鉗子抓住?？魑淦髭s跑敵人”（Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

Britainhasthehighest（

）ofroadtrafficintheworld—over60carsforeverymileofroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.popularity

B.prosperity

C.intensity

D.density

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。popularity普遍，流行；prosperity興旺，繁榮；intensity強(qiáng)烈，劇烈；density密集，稠密，密度。根據(jù)后面一句over60carsforeverymileofroad(每英里有60多輛汽車),推測D項(xiàng)正確。

15.填空題

"Opinion"isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste（1）,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn't（2）toomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostdoattachgreatimportance（3）it."Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,"and"Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion,"are（4）expressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother'sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.

Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?It（5）onwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.Forexample,youmayaska（6）"WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?"Andhemayreply,"Inmy（7）,they'reugly."Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybe（8）tochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionliemeanshispersonal（9）,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes,'It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste."

Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,anewspaper（10）thattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotsharetheirpersonalpreferences,theirmere（11）anddislikes,theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.

Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewhere（12）thesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmay（13）elementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithout（14）theevidence.

Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonly（15）,butguaranteed.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.

【答案】1.belief

2.attach

3.to

4.common

5.depends

6.friend

7.opinion

8.intolerant

9.preference

10.reports

11.likes

12.between

13.contain

14.examining

15.permitted

【解析】1.文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句提到“Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat...這是一種隨意達(dá)成的觀點(diǎn)或信念”中“belief”及該句前后出現(xiàn)的judgment正好與之形成對應(yīng)，故此處選belief。

2.“attachimportancetosth.著重于…重視”為固定搭配，同時由下文“…mostdoattachgreatimportance…”可知此處選attach。

3.“attachimportancetosth.著重于…重視”為固定搭配，故此處選to。

4.common“常見的;通常的”。前文提到“大多數(shù)人都很重視觀點(diǎn)”，"Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours我與你都有'同樣的權(quán)利去堅(jiān)持各自的觀點(diǎn)”"Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion每個人都有資格堅(jiān)持自己的觀點(diǎn)"可知此處表示“常見表達(dá)方式”，故此處選common。

5.“dependonsth.依賴于，取決于”，固定搭配，根據(jù)前后文句意：這個標(biāo)簽是正確的嗎？質(zhì)疑別人的觀點(diǎn)是心胸狹隘的嗎？這取決于你對“觀點(diǎn)”的定義，由此可知，此處應(yīng)選depends。

6.根據(jù)上下文句意：比如，你可能會問一個…“你覺得新款福特車型怎么樣”，他可能回答“在我看來有點(diǎn)丑”，可知此處選friend。

7.“inone’sopinion在某人看來”為固定短語，故此處選opinion。

8.前文提到“Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?挑戰(zhàn)他人的觀點(diǎn)是心胸狹隘的嗎？”緊接著作者舉例，正好與“intolerant”對應(yīng)，故選intolerant。

9.下文“amatteroftaste一個喜好”是對空格處的補(bǔ)充說明，此處句意為：因?yàn)楹苊黠@，從意見上來說，謊言意味著他的個人偏好，也就是個人品味，可知選項(xiàng)preference“偏愛，喜好”最符合題意，故此處選preference。

10.前文提到“anewspaper”及下文新聞中的具體內(nèi)容可知，此處選擇reports“報道”最符合題意，故此處選reports。

11.下文提到“anddislikes和厭惡”，由and可知此處應(yīng)選擇與“dislike”相對應(yīng)的詞，此處句意為：顯然，大法官們并沒有分享他們的個人偏好、他們的喜歡和不喜歡，故此處選likes。

12.根據(jù)上下文“fallsomewhere落在某地”“thesetwoextremes這兩個極端”可知這里指“在……之間”，故此處選between。

13.根據(jù)上下文句意：它不是喜好的表達(dá)，也不是謹(jǐn)慎的判斷。然而，它可能同時包含這兩個要素，可知此處選“contain包含，容納”最符合題意，故選contain。

14.上下文句意：這是一種觀點(diǎn)或信念，無論是否有審查證據(jù)；介詞without后接名詞或動名詞，可知此處選examining“檢查；審查”最符合題意，故此處選examining。

15.上下文句意為：每個人都有資格堅(jiān)持自己的意見嗎？當(dāng)然，這不僅是允許的，而且是有保證的；結(jié)合短語“notonly...butalso...不僅……而且”的用法，可知此處應(yīng)選擇與“guaranteed被保證”意義相應(yīng)的詞，故此處選permitted“被允許”。

16.單選題

Hecouldtellbythe（）inherlowerlipthatshewasabouttocry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quiver

B.stiffness

C.stillness

D.facilitation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。quiver“顫抖，震動”；stiffness“僵硬，堅(jiān)硬”；stillness“靜止，沉靜”；facilitation“簡易化，助長，容易”。句意：他可以通過她下唇的顫抖判斷出她要哭了。由shewasabouttocry可推斷出下嘴唇是顫抖的，故A項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(46)Thehistoryoflifeonearthhasbeenahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth’svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.(47)Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect,inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings,hasbeenrelativelyslight.Onlywithinthemomentoftimerepresentedbythepresentcenturyhasonespecies-man-acquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

(48)Duringthepastquartercenturythispowerhasnotonlyincreasedtooneofdisturbingmagnitudebutithaschangedincharacter.Themostalarmingofallman’sassaultsupontheenvironmentisthecontaminationofair,earth,rivers,andseawithdangerousandevenlethalmaterials.Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable;thechainofevilitinitiatesnotonlyintheworldthatmustsupportlifebutinlivingtissuesisforthemostpartirreversible.(49)Inthisnowuniversalcontaminationoftheenvironment,chemicalsarethesinisterandlittle-recognizedpartnersofradiationinchangingtheverynatureoftheworld—theverynatureofitslife.Strontium90,releasedthroughnuclearexplosionsintotheair,comestoearthinrainordriftsdownasfallout,lodgesinsoil,entersintothegrassorcomorwheatgrownthere,andintimetakesupitsabodeinthebonesofahumanbeing,theretoremainuntilhisdeath.Similarly,chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil,enteringintolivingorganisms,passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath.Ortheypassmysteriouslybyundergroundstreamsuntiltheyemergeand,throughthealchemyofairandsunlight,combineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells.(50)AsAlbertSchweitzerhassaid,“Mancanhardlyevenrecognizethedevilsofhisowncreation.”

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.地球上生命的歷史一直是生物及其周圍環(huán)境相互作用的歷史。

47.就地球時間的整個階段而言，生命改造環(huán)境的反作用實(shí)際上一直是相對微小的。

48.在過去的四分之一世紀(jì)里，這種力量不僅在數(shù)量上增長到了令人不安的程度，而且在性質(zhì)上也發(fā)生了變化。

49.在當(dāng)今這種對環(huán)境的普遍污染中，在改變地球生命本質(zhì)的過程中，化學(xué)物質(zhì)起著有害作用，且鮮為人知，它們可以與放射性危害相提并論。

50.正如艾伯特?施韋策所說：“人類甚至難以辨認(rèn)自己創(chuàng)造的惡魔”。

18.單選題

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義解析。ingredient“要素，組成部分”，reliance“信賴”；shelter“庇護(hù)，避難所”；inclination“傾向，愛好”。句意：多我們來說知識是舒適而必要的歸宿在我們年老的時候，如果年輕時不開始，年老的時候它就不會給我們遮陰。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

19.單選題

Sinceitwaslastsubstantiallyreformed30yearsago,theU.S.PostalServicehasusuallyturnedaprofit:itsgovernment-mandatedmonopolyisonereason.Butsizeisanother.WhenU.S.postageratesareincreasedbyasinglepenny,another$1billonpoursintotheUSPS.Thismonopolyhasplentyofaddedbonuses.Lettercarriersreceivefederalbenefitsanddon’thavetopayparkingtickets.Theservicepaysnosalesorpropertytaxes,nolicensefeesforitsmailtrucks.Thepostalservicealsoplanstoincreasethecostofmailingmagazines15%,amovethathasraisedtheangerofmagazinepublishers.

Thereisnoshortageofcritics.Newspaperheadlinebemoanthe“PostalDisservice”andcryforprivatization.Oklahomalegislatorshavepassedaresolutionchallengingtheservice'stax-exemptstatus.FederalstudieschargetheUSPSwitheverythingfrommismanagementtomisappropriation.Accordingtothefederallimes,thepostoffice’sInternationalBusinessUnitwasgivenfundingandastaffof200tocreateanextensivegloballogisticsnetworkthatwassupposedtogenerate$10billioninrevenueby2005.Theprograms,knownasGlobalPriorityMailandGlobalPackageLink,flopped.YetanotherauditfoundthattheUSPSlossesmorethan$1billonayearbynotcollectinginternationaldutiesonpackages.Perhapsworstofall,CNFTransportation,whichownsEmeiyWorldwide,issuingthepostofficefornotpayingitsbillsonanoverseas-deliveryjointventure.

Newalliances-liketheonewithFedEx-maybetheUSPS’sbestchanceforsurvivalinadigitalworld,wheresuccessislessaboutdeliveringenvelopesthanaboutoptimizingnetworksandmanaginginformation.

Ultimately,however,therealbeneficiaryofaUSPS-FedExalliancewillbetheMemphis-basedpowerhouse.Besidesgainingaccesstothat“l(fā)astmile”tosomeone'smailbox,FedExcouldleveragethearrangementbyplantingdrop-offboxesinpost-officelobbies.Evenifgovernmentregulatorslimitthecombinationonantitrustgrounds,FedExissteamingaheadwithotherjointventures,includingadealwit