考研考博-英語-上海邦德職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海邦德職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theoldhouseattheendofthestreethasrecentlybeen______.

問題1選項

A.pulled

B.demolished

C.erased

D.leveled

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項pull“拉，拔，拖”，B項demolish“拆除，破壞，毀壞”，C項erase“抹去，擦除”，D項level“瞄準，拉平，變得平坦”。由oldhouse“舊房子”可知，“拆除”符合語境。句意：這條街盡頭的那幢舊房子最近已被拆除了。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

2.單選題

Iaskedhimforajob（

）theimpressionthathewastheheadofthefirm,buthewasn’t.

問題1選項

A.with

B.under

C.in

D.of

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。undertheimpressionthat意為“認為覺得”句意：我以為他是公司的領導，所以要求他給我提供一份工作，但他不是。選項B正確。

3.單選題

PresidentBushwarnedCongressonWednesdaythatinactiononhispushto_______SocialSecuritycouldbreedpoliticalrepercussions.

問題1選項

A.accustom

B.formulate

C.overhaul

D.dismantle

【答案】C

【解析】accustom使習慣于；formulate用公式表示，明確地表達；overhaul檢查，革新；dismantle拆除，取消。句意：布什總統(tǒng)于星期三對國會發(fā)出警告，如果不支持他推動社會保險的全面改革可能會產生政治影響。選項C符合句意。

4.單選題

Lovecan’tconquerall.So,beforecouplestietheknot,theyshouldknowwhatthey’regettinginto.Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether.

Asmuchasapersonlovesanother,heorsheneverreallyknowswhathappensbehindcloseddoorsunlessheorsheisstandingontheotherside.Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether.Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds.Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilitiesbeforesomeonerealizesheorshehasmarriedalazybum.

Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc.?

Oneofthelargestproblemsinmarriagesisthe“in”word:money.Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theylearnoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother.It’simportantforcouplestofigureoutbudgetprioritiesbeforetheyaremarried,andthisisdifficulttodounlessapersonhasbeensharingexpenseswithhisorherpartner.Ifcouplesdon’thavetheirfinancialissuesinorder,theyareboundtosurface,causingtroubleinthemarriage.

It’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher.Aspecialbondformsbetweenpeoplewhosharetheirlivingspace,theirpersonallongings,andtheirlivestogether.Somethingsyoujustdon’tknowuntilyou’velivedwithsomeone.

Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,likemosteverythingelseinthiscountry,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect.Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship.Butifarelationshipisgoingtoendit’sbetterforpeopletodiscoverthehardtruthbeforetheymarry.Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?Peoplemightwanttofindoutbeforetheymaketheseriousdecisiontomarry.

1.“Tietheknot”inthefirstlineofthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,throughlivingtogether（）.

3.Tosomepeoplelivingtogetherbeforemarringisunacceptablebecause（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Animportantpointtheauthormadeinthispassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.gettingacquaintedwitheachother

B.datingeachother

C.livingtogetherbeforemarriage

D.gettingmarried

問題2選項

A.acouplecanreinforcetheirlove

B.acouplecanlearnwhoisbetteratdoingthehousework

C.acouplecansavesomemoneyfortheirmarriage

D.acouplecanknoweachotherintimately

問題3選項

A.itisimmoralandinappropriate

B.itmayendarelationshipmorequickly

C.itisashametothecouple’sparents

D.itwillcausemanysocialproblems

問題4選項

A.Livingtogetherbeforemarriageisnowmoreacceptablethanbefore.

B.Littlehouseholdchorescancausetroubleinone’smarriage.

C.Loveistheguaranteeofahappymarriage.

D.Newly-wedsoftenhasmanylifeimbalancestoface.

問題5選項

A.livingtogetherbeforemarriageissignificant;everycoupleshouldtryit

B.livingtogetherbeforemarriageisachoicethatshouldberespected

C.livingtogetheristhebestwaytobridgethegapsbetweenacouple

D.livingtogetherisasymbolofthemodernformofcivilization

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:語義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(人們對婚前同居的禁忌正在減少，越來越多的人在同居幾個月甚至幾年后說“我愿意”)，由此可知tietheknot指“結婚”，因此D項正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。A:夫妻能牢固他們的愛情。第六段指出:Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship(同居可以是一種積極的經歷，日后會鞏固婚姻，但也可以是結束一段關系的事情)。因此A項不正確。B:夫妻可以了解誰更擅長做家務。第二段指出:Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilities...(通過同居，夫妻可以解決這些責任分配的不平衡…)，此說法并不能推斷出B項，因此B項錯誤。C:夫妻能為他們的婚姻存一些錢。第四段指出:Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theyleanoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother(如果夫妻在婚前同居，他們會互相依賴對方的儲蓄和消費方式。通過削減開支，人們不僅學會了如何控制每個人的錢袋，而且學會了如何相互討論財務問題)。由此可知C項不正確。D:一對夫妻可以親密地了解彼此。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞livingtogether定位到第五段:it’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher(不和他或她住在一起，就很難親密地了解對方)，因此D項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞unacceptable定位至第二段以及第六段。第二段指出:Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether(雖然有些人認為婚前同居是不道德的，但事實上，夫妻們正在通過同居來擴展關系)。第六段指出:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(雖然有些人認為婚前同居不合適，但這是每個人都應該尊重的選擇)。由此可知A項“不道德也不合適”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:與過去相比，現(xiàn)在人們更能接受婚前同居了。第一段第二句指出:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(對婚前同居的禁忌正在減少，越來越多的人在同居幾個月甚至幾年后說“我愿意”)。因此A項正確。B:家務瑣事會給婚姻帶來麻煩。第二段第三句指出:Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds(例如，家務責任的劃分可能是新婚夫婦的一個大事)。因此B項正確。C:愛是美滿婚姻的保證。第六段第四句指出:Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?(即使兩個人彼此相愛，喜歡共度時光，但真正的問題是，你們能一起生活嗎？)。因此C項與原文不符且過于絕對。D:新婚夫婦經常面臨許多生活不平衡的問題。第三段指出:Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc(這似乎是一個小問題，但是有多少女人和男人從來沒有想過他們會是唯一做飯、洗碗、吸塵、忙碌、擦洗、消毒、洗衣服、除塵等的人)。因此D項正確。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。體現(xiàn)作者觀點態(tài)度的句子可參考第六段:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(雖然有些人認為婚前同居是不合適的，但這是每個人都應該尊重的選擇)，因此B項“婚前同居是一個應該被尊重的選擇”正確。

5.單選題

Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere（）andshewishedshe'dnevermarriedhim.

問題1選項

A.insolvable

B.insensible

C.inseparable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:很明顯她和她丈夫是水火不相容的，她希望自己從來沒有嫁給他。

考查形容詞辨析。insolvable不能解決（答）的;insensible昏迷的，無知覺的；inseparable不可分離的；incompatible不相容的，矛盾的。根據(jù)后半句“她希望自己從來沒有嫁給他”可知D符合句意。

6.單選題

Itisperhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereamazinglyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomparativelyrecenttimes,itwaspossibleforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwithalmosteverybranchofknowledge.Thus,amanofgeniuslikeLeonardodaVinciengagedinmanycareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusywithhisnumerousinventionsthathebarelyfoundthetimetocompletehispaintings.HecameveryneartofulfillingtheRenaissanceidealofthe"universalman",themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.

Knowledgehasbecomedividedandsub-dividedintocountless,narrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisrespected;theversatileperson,farfrombeingadmired,ismoreoftenregardedwithsuspicion.Themodemworldisaworldofhighly-skilled"experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownparticularsubjectislittlemorethanamoron,isamodemphenomenon;asisthemanofletterswhoisbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeintechnology.Similarly,specializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverywalkoflife.Manyactivitieswhichwereoncepursuedfortheirownsakes,areoftengivenupindespair;theyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whylearntoplaythepiano,whenyoucanlistentotheworld'sgreatestpianistsinyourowndrawing-room?

Littlebylittle,wearebecomingmoreandmoreisolatedfromeachother.Itisalmostimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlythesameworkasyouare.TheRoyalSocietyinBritainincludesamongitsmembersonlythemosteminentscientistsinthecountry.Yetitishighlydisturbingtofindthatevenhere,asoneofitsmembersputit,atalectureonly10%ofthememberscanunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!

1.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

2.Theword"moron"(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestpossibletitleforthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,inordertostandout,ascientistshould（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.menofremarkableachievementsinthepastwereaccidentallyversatile

B.nogreatmaninthepastwasqualifiedasuniversalexceptdaVinci

C.nowadaysversatilemenaregenerallyhighlyregarded

D.nowadaysitisnearlyimpossibleforamantobeversatile

問題2選項

A.afoolishman

B.ahard-workingman

C.anexpert

D.amiserableman

問題3選項

A.HowtoBecomeaVersatileMan.

B.VersatileMen.

C.HowtoBecomeanIntelligentMan.

D.IntelligentMen.

問題4選項

A.engageinasmanycareersaspossible

B.becomeamemberoftheRoyalSociety

C.confinehimselftoalimitedareaofstudy

D.beawareofthegreatprogressinscienceandtechnology

問題5選項

A.DaVinciwastoobusywithhismanyinventionstofinishhispaintings.

B.Inthemodemworldamancanbecomeversatilewithoutpayingtheprice.

C.Nowadaysamanoflettersscarcelyknowsaboutthechangesintechnology.

D.DuringtheRenaissancemuchemphasiswasplacedonbeinguniversal.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)推理題。第一段的最后一句為本文的主旨句“Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.”這句話的潛在意思就是說:現(xiàn)在多才多藝的人越來越少。選項D符合原文。

2.語義題。原文中的分號,以及as說明,前后是同類事物的比較。根據(jù)下文的whoisbarelyawareof可知，moron表示的是"什么都不知道的人",所以選項A正確。原文句意：有些科學家在他自己的研究領域之外和白癡一樣。

3.全文主旨題。結合全文內容可知，本文主要是講多才多藝的人，作者只是提出自己的看法，并沒有說如何成為一個多才多藝的人，所以選項B正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“..."experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.”科學們不得不把大部分的生命投入到一個非常有限的研究領域，以便與他們的同行競爭。選項C符合原文。

5.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.”這里采用雙重否定強調這一目標的實現(xiàn)需要付出相當大的代價。所以選項B與原文不符。

7.單選題

Thelatterisnolessimportantthantheformer,andifbibliographicaldecisionsaremadewrongly,noamountoflogisticinformationcan（

）thesituation.

問題1選項

A.envisage

B.disperse

C.diffuse

D.redeem

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項envisage“正視，面對”；B選項disperse“分散，分開，使傳播”；C選項diffuse“擴散”；D選項redeem“贖回，挽救”。根據(jù)句意‘后者比前者更重要，并且如果最終書目決定錯了，即使再多的邏輯信息也無法挽救這個局面。’D選項正確。

8.翻譯題

航天是當今世界最具挑戰(zhàn)性和廣泛帶動性的高科技領域之一，航天活動深刻改變了人類對宇宙的認知，為人類社會進步提供了重要動力。當前，越來越多的國家，包括廣大發(fā)展中國家將發(fā)展航天作為重要戰(zhàn)略選擇，世界航天活動呈現(xiàn)蓬勃發(fā)展的景象。

【答案】Spaceactivitiesmakeuponeofthemostchallenginghigh-techfieldswhichexertenormousimpactonotherfields.Spaceactivitieshavegreatlyimprovedman’sknowledgeofspace,andprovideanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.Atpresent,moreandmorecountries,includingthevastnumberofdevelopingones,regardspacedevelopmentasanimportantstrategicchoice.Thus,spaceactivitiesaroundtheworldareflourishing.

9.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedrivers,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers'"campaign,otherwise,itmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

34.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgmentsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,improperpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildacrossacrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletoslopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearntofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamswithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodriveletalonebewell-manneredontheroad.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewellmanneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule”impliesthat（）.

3.By“goodsense’’（Paragraph2）,thewritermeans（）.

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion（）.

5.Inthewriter’sopinion（）.

問題1選項

A.people’sattitudetowardsdrivers

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.trafficconditions

D.thebehaviorofthedriver

問題2選項

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedrierscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

D.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetherudedriver

問題3選項

A.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultconditions

B.thedriver'sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

C.thedriver’stoleranceofhadroadconditions

D.thedriver’sacknowledgmentofpolitenessandregulations

問題4選項

A.riversshouldbereadytoyieldtoonanother

B.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifices

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsufferagreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

問題5選項

A.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

B.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

C.rudeandinconsideratedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldtrytheirbesttoavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedrivers,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.將這一切歸咎于交通堵塞、汽油價格和現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏是很有道理的，但道路上的禮儀正變得可怕。你可能會容忍粗魯和不顧他人的司機，但現(xiàn)在有禮貌的司機是個例外?？芍髡哒J為交通阻塞是由于司機的不良行為造成的，故D項正確。

2.推理判斷題。Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewellmanneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.你可能會容忍粗魯和不顧他人的司機，但現(xiàn)在有禮貌的司機是例外。這句話的言外之意就是當今不禮貌的司機占大多數(shù)。故C項正確。

3.推理判斷題。Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.道路禮貌不僅是禮貌，也是良好的感覺。它讓頭腦最冷靜、脾氣最好的司機，在遭遇不文明行為時，也要抵制住報復的誘惑。另一方面，一點點禮貌就能大大緩解開車時的緊張情緒。對禮貌行為的友好點頭或招手有助于創(chuàng)造友好和寬容的氛圍，這在現(xiàn)代交通條件下是非常必要的。由此下文可知goodsense是指司機對于禮貌行為合理地理解并作出回應的能力。故B項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.幾年前，專家們警告我們，汽車擁有量的激增將要求所有道路使用者進行更多的互讓?，F(xiàn)在是我們所有人牢記這一信息的時候了?！笨芍谄嚥粩嘣龆嗟那闆r下，要求道路使用者互讓。故A項正確。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要講述了隨著汽車數(shù)量激增，加之司機的不禮貌的行為導致道路阻塞的情況很嚴重，作者呼吁司機應該要有禮貌，并對禮貌行為做出適當回應。

10.單選題

You’vedonemoreoftheworkthanIhaverecentlysoI’llgiveupmydayoffin（）.

問題1選項

A.offset

B.redress

C.herald

D.compensate

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。offset“抵消；補償”；redress“救濟；賠償；糾正”；herald“使者；先驅”；compensate“補償；賠償”（只有動詞形式），此處應該選擇一個名詞與介詞in搭配表示“補償，彌補”的意思，所以可以排除選項C和D，redress一般不這樣搭配，inoffset是慣用搭配，故正確答案為選項A。

11.單選題

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally（

）.

問題1選項

A.deteriorated

B.dissipated

C.dispersed

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deteriorate“惡化”；dissipate“浪費”；disperse“分散”；drain“排水；耗盡”。句意：在同一份工作上干了四年，他對工作的熱情慢慢耗盡了。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo's17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanities,ifanything,deepenedinthe20thcentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics—butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity:andTheDemon-hauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornelUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeofInformation,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlishofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘antiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthing,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.”

1.Theword“schism”(Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans().

2.Paragraphs2and3arewrittento().

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.TheauthortakesPaulR.Gross’bookHigherSuperstitionasanillustrationtoshowthat().

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience”is().

問題1選項

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

問題2選項

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

問題3選項

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjectivetothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

問題4選項

A.traditionalculturewouldgreatlyaffectthedevelopmentofscience

B.scienceisnolongervulnerabletobeattacked

C.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentinterpretationonscience

D.scientificcommunityhasbecomepowerfulenoughtodefendanycriticsagainstscience

問題5選項

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句話“Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.”科學與文化其他方面的關系一直都很緊張,以及后面的舉例可知,20世紀,科學和人文之間的分歧加深了。confrontation對抗；dissatisfaction不滿；separation分歧,裂痕；contempt蔑視。選項A和選項C意思差不多,但注意句子中的措辭用的是deepened,所以選項C更符合語境。

2.第二段指出,科學界如此之強大以至于可以對批評者置之不理——但現(xiàn)在不同了。由于科學經費減少,科學家開始著書抨擊“反科學”傾向；第三段指出,科學的擁護者也在一些會議上表達了他們的擔憂。根據(jù)第一段提到的科學和人文之間的分歧加深,由此推斷第二段和第三段主要是舉例說明科學和人文的分歧。選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Butsurelythat...seemedtosuggest.”,當然,這并不意味著,對不加控制的工業(yè)發(fā)展表示擔憂的環(huán)保主義者也是反科學的,而去年5月份刊登在《美國新聞和世界報導》的一篇文章卻似乎暗示是這么回事。選項A一篇文章指責環(huán)境保護者為反科學者,正確；根據(jù)第五段的內容,反科學的標簽也貼在了許多其他群體上,從提倡消滅最后殘存的天花病毒庫的官方人士到倡議削減基礎研究基金的共和黨人。這里面包含了政黨人,所以選項B表述錯誤。選項C在文中沒有提及。選項D給環(huán)境保護者貼上“反科學”的標簽是有道理的,錯誤。

4.根據(jù)第四段的一二句“Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.”反科學對不同的人有不同的含義。格羅斯和萊維特主要挑那些質疑科學客觀性的社會學家、哲學家和其他學者的毛病。選項C符合原文。

5.作者只是客觀地敘述了科學和人文學科之間的分歧,在文中沒有發(fā)表任何自己的看法或態(tài)度,所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀公正的。選項A正確。impartial公平公正的；subjective主觀的；biased有偏見的；puzzling疑惑的。

13.問答題

Theanswerliessomewhereintherealmofideology,inEuropeanattitudesnotjusttowarddefensespendingbuttowardpoweritself.ImportantasthepowergaphasbeeninshapingtherespectivestrategicculturesoftheUnitedStatesandEurope,ifthedisparityofmilitarycapabilitiesweretheonlyproblem,thesolutionwouldbefairlystraightforward.Withahighlyeducatedandproductivepopulationofalmost400millionpeopleanda$9trillioneconomy,EuropetodayhasthewealthandtechnologicalcapabilitytomakeitselfmoreofaworldpowerinmilitarytermsifEuropeanswantedtobecomethatkindofworldpower.Theycouldeasilyspendtwiceasmuchastheyarecurrentlyspendingondefenseiftheybelieveditnecessarytodoso.AndclosingthepowergapbetweentheUnitedStatesandEuropewouldprobablygosomewaytowardclosingthegapinstrategicperceptions.

ThereisacynicalviewcurrentinAmericanstrategiccirclesthattheEuropeanssimplyenjoythe"freeride"theyhavegottenundertheAmericansecurityumbrellaoverthepastsixdecades.GivenAmerica'swillingnesstospendsomuchmoneyprotectingthem,Europeanswouldratherspendtheirownmoneyonsocialwelfareprograms,longvacations,andshorterworkweeks.Butthereismoretothetransatlanticgulfthanagapinmilitarycapabilities,andwhileEuropemaybeenjoyingafreerideintermsofglobalsecurity,thereismoretoEurope'sunwillingnesstobuildupitsmilitarypowerthancomfortwiththepresentAmericanguarantee.Afterall,theUnitedStatesinthe19IhcenturywasthebeneficiaryoftheBritishnavy'sdominanceoftheAtlanticandtheCaribbean.ButthatdidnotstoptheUnitedStatesfromengaginginitsownpeacetimenavalbuildupinthe1880sand1890s,abuildupthatequippedittolaunchandwintheSpanish-Americanwar,acquirethePhilippines,andbecomeaworldpower.Late-nineteenth-centuryAmericansdidnottakecomfortfromtheirsecurity;theywereambitiousformorepower.

Europeanstodayarenotambitiousforpower,andcertainlynotformilitarypower.Europeansoverthepasthalfcenturyhavedevelopedagenuinelydifferentperspectiveontheroleofpowerininternationalrelations,aperspectivethatspringsdirectlyfromtheiruniquehistoricalexperiencesincetheendofWorldWarII.Theyhaverejectedthepowerpoliticsthatbroughtthemsuchmiseryoverthepastcenturyandmore.ThisisaperspectiveonpowerthatAmericansdonotandcannotshare,inasmuchastheformativehistoricalexperiencesontheirsideoftheAtlantichavenotbeenthesame.ConsideragainthequalitiesthatmakeuptheEuropeanstrategicculture:theemphasisonnegotiation,diplomacy,andcommercialties,oninternationallawovertheuseofforce,onseductionovercoercion,onmultilateralismoverunilateralism.ItistruethatthesearenottraditionallyEuropeanapproachestointernationalrelationswhenviewedfromalonghistoricalperspective.ButtheyareaproductofmorerecentEuropeanhistory.ThemodernEuropeanstrategicculturerepresentsaconsciousrejectionoftheEuropeanpast,arejectionoftheevilsofEuropeanMahtlpolilik.

1.Whatmightbethequestionraisedpriortothefirstparagraphofthepassage?

2.WhathavemadeitdifficulttoredressthemilitaryimbalancesbetweentheUnitedStatesandEurope?

3.Whatdoesthephrase“freeride”implyhere?

4.Whatdoesthephrase“thetransatlanticgulf”referto?

5.WhydoAmericansandEuropeansthinkaboutpowersodifferently?

【答案】1.Europemaybeenjoyingafre