考研考博-英語-東華大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東華大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.

However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.Intheirview,preservationistsareimbuedwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream,theonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterexaltshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalunderpinningforpreservation,morepuzzlingisthesharpnessandrelentlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationists,accentuatedbythefactthattheyofferlittle,ifany,criticismofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld.

Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodel,whichseeshumansasovernature,restorationtheorychampionsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto―forexample,Turner’sdescriptionofhumansas“thelordsofcreation,”orJordan’sstatementthat“thefateandwell-beingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit”—donotcoherewellwiththecommunityparticipationmodel.

Anotherholisticmodel—namely,thatofnatureasanorganism—mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodel,the“organic”modelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifference,however,isthatinanorganismthepartsarewhollysubservienttothelifeoftheorganism.Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.

However,toconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoascribetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodel?Inbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.

Also,neitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeoflegitimatehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenoconstraints;onlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthat,becausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumans,theymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.

1.Theauthorprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreethatpreservationists（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthefunctionofthefirstparagraphinrelationtothepassageasawhole?

4.Inassertingthattheorganicmodelmightbe“moreserviceabletotherestorationists”(line1-2,para.4),theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’sprimarycriticismoftherestorationists?

問題1選項

A.examinethesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongmodelsforenvironmentalphilosophies

B.formulateanewphilosophicalmodeloftherelationshipbetweenhumansandtheirenvironment

C.critiqueamodern-dayenvironmentalphilosophy

D.arguethatoneparticularenvironmentalphilosophy

問題2選項

A.arenotcriticalenoughofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld

B.basetheirideasonanunhealthydualism

C.havethesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream

D.havebeenunfairlycriticizedbyrestorationist

問題3選項

A.Todiscusssecondaryissuesasapreludetoamoredetailedexanimationofaprimaryissue.

B.Toprovideanhistoricalbackdropforadiscussionofmodern-dayissues.

C.Tointroduceopposingviewpoints,whicharethenevaluated.

D.Toidentifyproblemareaswithinaschoolofthought,whicharethenexploredingreaterdetail.

問題4選項

A.thedescriptionsbyTurnerandJordanoftherestorationists’programconformmorecloselytotheorganicmodelthantothecommunityparticipationmodel

B.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentthanthecommunityparticipationmodelwiththeprincipleofrestoration

C.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentwiththerestorationists’agendathanwiththepreservationists’program

D.holisticmodelsaremoreusefulthanthedualistmodeltotherestorationists

問題5選項

A.Theircritiqueofpreservationismisnotwellsupported.

B.Theirprogramdoesnotcoincidewiththeirprinciples.

C.Theyrejectthemostworkablemodelfortherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.

D.Theyassigntohumansacontrollingroleintheworld.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段全文主旨句“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來支持這種譴責。因此C選項“批評一種現(xiàn)代的環(huán)境哲學”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來支持這種譴責。對應(yīng)D選項“不公平地被恢復主義者批評”。因此D項符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第一段“Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.”中文翻譯為：對二元論的不滿有一段時間顯著地出現(xiàn)在環(huán)保主義者對主流工業(yè)社會的不滿上，如在CarolynMerchant和TheodoreRoszak的作品中就有出現(xiàn)，以及第二段中“However，thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來支持這種譴責。可知答案為A項“討論一個次要的問題來充當對一個重要問題進行更詳細檢查的前奏”。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第四段“Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.”中文翻譯為：如果我們可以將生物圈看成是一個單獨的生物體且將人類等同于大腦（或DNA）或控制中心，那么我們應(yīng)該有一個更符合恢復主義者觀點的模式。因此A項“Turner和Jordan對恢復主義者計劃的描述相比社區(qū)參與模式，更接近有機體模式”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.”中文翻譯為：然而，有關(guān)恢復主義者觀點的關(guān)鍵問題是恢復計劃本身忠實于恢復的基本原則（即自然和人類在根本上是統(tǒng)一的，而不是分開的）的程度。因此可知答案為B“他們的計劃與他們的原則不一致”。

2.單選題

Althoughshegivesbadly（

）titlestohermusicalcompositions,theyincorporateunusualcombinationsofmaterialsincludingGregorianchant,Asianscalepatternsandrhythms,electronicsounds,andbirdsongs.

問題1選項

A.exotic

B.eccentric

C.imaginative

D.conventional

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。exotic異國的，外來的eccentric古怪的，反常的；imaginative虛構(gòu)的，富于想象的；conventional符合習俗的，日常的。句意：盡管她糟糕地給她的音樂作品賦以尋常的（傳統(tǒng)的）題目，但是這些作品卻體現(xiàn)出對一些材料的不尋常整合，比如羅馬教的圣歌、亞洲的音階風格節(jié)奏、古怪的聲響和鳥鳴。由although及unusual可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與unusual相反，故答案為D。

3.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Tofightchildhoodobesity.

B.Tohelpdisadvantagedkids.

C.Tourgekidstofollowtheirrolemodels.

D.Toencouragekidstoplaymoresports.

問題2選項

A.TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTV.

B.Theybestboostproductsaleswhenputonline.

C.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.

D.Theyimpresskidsmorethantheydoadults.

問題3選項

A.Dowhattheyadvocateinpublic.

B.Alwaysplacekid’sinterestfirst.

C.Payattentiontotheirimagebeforechildren.

D.Messagepositivebehaviorsatalltimes.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingThree

Today,I’dliketotalkaboutwhathappenswhencelebrityrolemodelsgetbehindhealthyhabitsbutatthesametimepromotejunkfood?[23]Currently,thereismountingcriticismofMichelleObama’sLet’sMove!Campaign,whichfightschildhoodobesitybyencouragingyoungsterstobecomemorephysicallyactive,andhassignedonsingerBeyonce,andbasketballplayerShaquilleO’Neal,bothofwhomalsoendorsesodas,whichareamajorcontributortotheobesityepidemic.Nowthere’salotmoreevidenceofhowpowerfulacelebrity—especiallyaprofessionalathlete—canbeininfluencingchildren’sbehavior.

InareportpublishedbytheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYaleUniversity,researchersstudied100professionalathletesandtheirendorsementcontracts.Theteamfocusedonathletessincetheyaretheoreticallythebestrolemodelsforactive,healthylifestylesforchildren.Aftersortingthedealsbycategory,theydeterminedthatamongthe512brandsassociatedwiththeathletes,mostinvolvedsportinggoods,followedcloselybyfoodandbeveragebrands.

Sportsdrinks,whichareoftenhighinsugarandcaloriesmadeupmostofthefoodanddrinkdeals,withsoftdrinksandfastfoodfillingouttheremainder.Ofthe46beveragesendorsedbyprofessionalathletes,93%reliedexclusivelyonsugarforalloftheircalories.

It’snosurprisethathighprofileathletescaninfluencechildren’seatingbehaviors,butthescientistswereabletoquantifyhowprevalenttheseendorsementsareinthechildren’senvironment.Advertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletesandtheirendorsedproductstendtogetimpressiveexposure,onTV,radio,inprintandonline.Andin2010,[24]theresearchersreportedthatchildrenages12to17sawmoreathlete-endorsedfoodandbeveragebrandcommercialsthanadults.

Onereasonanycampaignwantsapopularcelebrityspokespersonisbecausekidsareattractedtothemnomatterwhattheyaredoing.Wecan’texpectkidstoturnoffthatadmirationwhenthesamepersonissellingsugar.Atbest,kidsmightbeconfused.Atworst,they’llthinkthemessagesaboutsodaarethesameasthemessagesaboutwater.Butthosetwobeveragesaren’tthesame.

Ifchildrenareturningtoathletesasrolemodels,it’sintheirbestinterestiftheiridolsareconsistent.[25]Consistentmessagingofpositivebehaviorswillshowhealthierlifestylesforkidstofollow.

23.WhatistheaimofMichelleObama’scampaign?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問米歇爾?奧巴馬競選的目的是什么？錄音開頭提到目前針對米歇爾?奧巴馬的“讓我們動起來”的運動有越來越多的評論，該運動鼓勵孩子多參加運動來對抗兒童肥胖。因此米歇爾?奧巴馬發(fā)起該運動的目的就是對抗兒童肥胖，A選項與原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項“幫助弱勢兒童”；C選項“敦促孩子們跟隨他們的榜樣”在錄音中均未提及；D選項“鼓勵孩子多運動”最具干擾性，這是對抗兒童肥胖的方式，并不是最終的目的，因此不正確。

24.Whatdoesresearchfindaboutadvertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletes?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于職業(yè)運動員廣告的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？根據(jù)錄音，2010年，研究人員報道指出，12到17歲的孩子比成年人看更多由運動員代言的食品和飲料品牌的廣告。也就是說，由專業(yè)運動員代言的廣告給孩子留下的印象比給成年人留下的更深刻。D選項“他們給孩子留下的印象比給成年人留下的印象更深刻”與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項“出現(xiàn)在電視上最有效”；B選項“放在網(wǎng)上時最能促進產(chǎn)品銷量”，利用TV和online設(shè)置干擾項，錄音原文并沒有對這些廣告出現(xiàn)在什么地方最有效進行對此，因此可排除；C選項“它們變得越來越普遍”在錄音中并未提及，因此也可排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkkids’idolsshoulddo?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話者認為孩子們的偶像應(yīng)該做什么？錄音最后提到，如果孩子們以運動員為榜樣，如果他們的這些偶像能夠始終如一，那么孩子們將得到最大的益處。持續(xù)傳達積極行為的信息能向孩子們展現(xiàn)他們應(yīng)該要追隨的更健康的生活方式，所以講話人認為孩子們的偶像應(yīng)該一直傳達積極行為的信息。D選項中的atalltimes是錄音中consistent的同義表達，因此D選項“時刻傳達積極的行為”正確。A選項“做他們向公眾提倡的事情”；B選項“總是把孩子的利益放在首位”以及C選項“在孩子面前注意他們的形象”在錄音中均沒有提及，因此排除。

4.單選題

Parentsoftenfallintothetrapofofferingotherfoodinorderto（

）thechildtoeat.

問題1選項

A.tempt

B.manipulate

C.incense

D.escort

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。tempt“吸引，誘使”；manipulate“操作，操控”；incense“使激怒”；escort“護送，陪同”。句意：家長們常常陷入困境，通過別的食物來吸引孩子好好吃飯。選項A符合句意。

5.單選題

Doctorsmustinform______parentsaboutthelowoddsofsuccessinfertilitytreatments.

問題1選項

A.protective

B.respective

C.prospective

D.perspective

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項protective“防護的；關(guān)切保護的；保護貿(mào)易的”；B選項respective“分別的，各自的”；C選項prospective“未來的；預期的”；D選項perspective“透視的”。句意：醫(yī)生必須告知準父母生育治療成功的幾率很低。因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

We’reextremelyinterestedinthesourceofthese（）rumors.

問題1選項

A.salient

B.fictitious

C.ascetic

D.indelible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項salient“顯著的；最重要的”；B選項fictitious“虛假的”；C選項ascetic“清苦的，苦行的”；D選項indelible“無法忘記的，不可磨滅的”。句意：我們對這些（）謠言從何而來非常感興趣。既然是rumors“謠言”，很多人會不假思索地相信，就不至于salient“顯著的；最重要的”，fictitious“虛假的”比較符合生活實際。因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

Astatelessyoungmanmayhavefeltintimidatedafterhavingbeendeniedasylumandnightofresidencebymanycountries.

問題1選項

A.unsafe

B.initiated

C.intrigued

D.credulous

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.unsafe不安全的；危險的B.initiated使開始；發(fā)起

C.intrigued很感興趣的；著迷的D.credulous輕信的；易受騙的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息afterhavingbeendeniedasylumandnightofresidencebymanycountries（在被許多國家拒絕庇護和夜間居住后）可知，feltintimidated表示的是“感覺到害怕”，intimidated表示的是“害怕”的意思，A項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】一個無國籍的年輕人在被許多國家拒絕庇護和夜間居住后可能會感到害怕。

8.單選題

Thedefinitionofaestheticpleasureisapopularsubjectformanydifferentfields.Inthefollowing,adaptedfromanarticlefoundinasciencejournal,aphysicistdiscussestheuniqueperspectivethathisdisciplineallowshim.

Sincetimeimmemorial,countlessscholarshaveaskedthequestion:Whatisbeauty?Asphilosophersengageinweightydiscourses,designersupdatethelatestfashions,andartistscreatetheirmasterpieces,whatisconsideredbeautifulchangesatanalarmingpace.Fiftyyearsago,thefull-figuredMarilynMonroeembodiedtheAmericanaestheticvalue;today,alegionofHollywoodactressesvastlydifferentinappearancefromMarilyn’shavetakenherplace.However,aestheticvaluesnotonlydifferfromgenerationtogeneration,butdosoalongculturallinesaswell.TheconventionsthatgovernpaintingandmusicvarygreatlyfromEasttoWest.Often,whatisconsideredrepellenttooncivilizationisthepinnacleofaestheticappealinanother.Thus,whenlefttothesphereofhumandesign,thesearchforanabsolutedefinitionofbeautyremainsanelusiveoneatbest.

Asfundamentalphysicists,mycolleaguesandIliketobelievethatweareinvolvedinasearchforabeautythatdoesnotremainimpervioustodefinition.Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.Thosenotinvolvedwithphysicstendtothinkofitasapreciseandpredictivescience—certainlynotafieldofstudyfitforthecontemplationofthebeautiful.Yetoneofphysics’greatestgiftsisthatitallowsitsstudentstolookpastextrinsicappearances,intoamoreoverwhelmingbeauty.Asahumanbeing,Iamcaptivatedbythevisualappealofawavecrashingonthebeach.Asaphysicisthowever,Ipossesstheabilitytobecaptivatedbythemuchdeeperbeautyofthephysicallawsthatgovernsuchaphenomenon.Wherethenon-physicistseesalovelybutinexplicableevent,thewell-schooledphysicistisabletoperceiveabrilliantdesign.

Intruth,sincethedaythatAlbertEinsteinfirstproposedthenotionthattheremightbeoneoverarchingphysicaltheorythatgovernstheuniverse,aestheticshavebecomeadrivingforceinmodernphysics.WhatEinsteinandwe,ashisintellectualdescendants,havediscoveredisthis:Nature,asitsmostfundamentallevel,isbeautifullyconstructed.Theremarkablesimplicityofthelawsthatgovernstheuniverseis,attimes,nothingshortofbreath-taking.Andateverystep,asnewdiscoveriesandtechnologiesallowustoexaminethephysicalworldondeeperanddeeperlevels,wefindthatthebeautyitselfbecomesmoreprofound.AsEinsteinhimselfsaid,itwouldseemmorelikelythatweshouldfindourselveslivinga“chaoticworld,innowaygraspablethroughthinking.”Yethereweare,closerthanevertoafullunderstandingoftheuniverse’sbeautifulclockwork.

31.Thereferenceto“MarilynMonroe”inParagraph1primarilyservesto______.

32.Theauthor’sassertioninParagraph1(“whatisconsideredrepellent…inanother”)suggeststhat______.

33.AsusedinParagraph2,thephrase“l(fā)aiddown”mostnearlymeans______.

34.Theauthorusesthewords“ephemeral”and“Nature”(Paragraph2)inorderto______.

35.Inthecourseofoutliningthevariousgiftsofphysics,theauthorcitesallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

問題1選項

A.provideanexampleoftoday’sstandardsofbeauty

B.discussherabilitiesasanactress

C.demonstratehowsusceptibleaestheticsaretochange

D.comparetraditionsofEastandWest

問題2選項

A.culturesarenaturallydestinedtoclash

B.manycivilizationsarepronetodisgustingbehavior

C.individualstendtodisagreeonwhattheyfindbeautiful

D.itisnearlyimpossibletosaywhatistrulybeautiful

問題3選項

A.created

B.rested

C.slept

D.secured

問題4選項

A.contrasttheconceptofimpermanentbeautywiththebeautyforwhichphysicssearches

B.evaluatetheeffectivenessofphysicsasanartform

C.discusshowphysicistsvisualizebeauty

D.criticizepeoplewhodon’tunderstandphysics

問題5選項

A.theabilitytolookforabeautythatisunchanging

B.appreciatingthevisualbeautyofawavecrashing

C.agreatercomprehensionofNature’sways

D.seeingadeeperdesigninnaturalevents

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“第一段中提到的瑪麗蓮夢露主要是用來……”。定位到第一段第三句Fiftyyearsago,thefull-figuredMarilynMonroeembodiedtheAmericanaestheticvalue;Today,alegionofHollywoodactressesvastlydifferentinappearancefromMarilyn’shavetakenherplace.（50年前，豐滿的瑪麗蓮夢露體現(xiàn)了美國人的審美價值；如今，一群外貌與瑪麗蓮大相徑庭的好萊塢女演員取代了她的位置），結(jié)合前一句whatisconsideredbeautifulchangesatanalarmingpace（被認為是美的東西在以驚人的速度變化）可知，第一段提到瑪麗蓮夢露是用來舉例說明美的變化，C項“說明美學是如何變化的”正確。A項“提供一個今天的審美標準的例子”為反向干擾，瑪麗蓮夢露是50年前的審美標準。B項“討論她作為演員的能力”和D項“比較東方和西方的傳統(tǒng)”沒提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇C項。

32.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“作者在第1段的斷言‘whatisconsideredrepellent…inanother’表明……”。定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句Often,whatisconsideredrepellenttooncivilizationisthepinnacleofaestheticappealinanother.（通常，在文明上被認為是排斥的東西是另一個文明的審美情趣的頂峰），根據(jù)下一句Thus,whenlefttothesphereofhumandesign,thesearchforanabsolutedefinitionofbeautyremainsanelusiveoneatbest.（因此，在人類設(shè)計領(lǐng)域，對美的絕對定義的探索充其量也是難以捉摸的）可知，在不同的文明中審美標準不同，所以對美的定義很難確定，由thus可知，這一句是作者在第一段的斷言的結(jié)論，故D項“幾乎不可能說出什么是真正的美麗”正確。A項“文化沖突是天生的”屬于無中生有，文中沒有提到文化沖突。B項“許多文明都傾向于令人作嘔的行為”曲解原文，文中只是提到在一個文明中排斥的東西在另一個文明中是審美頂峰，并沒有說這就是一種令人作嘔的行為。C項“每個人對他們認為美麗的事物往往意見不一”屬于無中生有，在這里并沒有提到個人對美麗事物的不同意見。因此，該題選擇D項。

33.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“正如第2段中使用的，短語laiddown最可能的意思是……”。定位第二段第二句Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.（我們所尋找的美，不是那些通過人們的工作而laiddown的美，也不是那些一時的趣味所支配的美，而是那些由自然形成的美），which引導的定語從句中用到了not…but…句型，but后面用到的動詞是establish，所以not后面的laiddown的意思應(yīng)該與之相近，故A項“創(chuàng)造”正確。B項“休息”、C項“睡覺”和D項“保護”都不符合。因此，該題選擇A項。

34.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者在第2段使用ephemeral和Nature是為了……”。定位第二段第二句Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.（我們所尋找的美，不是那些通過人們的工作而建立起來的美，也不是那些一時的趣味所支配的美，而是那些由自然形成的美）可知，物理學家探索的美是自然形成的，而不是短暫趣味所支配的；所以可推斷，作者用ephemeral和nature是為了將短暫的美和物理學所尋找的自然美作對比，ephemeral相當于impermanent，故A項“將無常之美與物理學所追求的美進行對比”符合題意。B項“評估物理作為一種藝術(shù)形式的有效性”，文中并沒有提到物理是一種藝術(shù)形式，該項無中生有。C項“討論物理學家如何形象化美”在該處也沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。D項“批評不懂物理的人”屬于曲解原文，作者并沒有描述批評性的語言。因此，該題選擇A項。

35.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“在概述物理學的各種天賦的過程中，作者引用了除了……以外的所有內(nèi)容”。定位到第二段Yetoneofphysics’greatestgiftsisthatitallowsitsstudentstolookpastextrinsicappearances,intoamoreoverwhelmingbeauty.Asahumanbeing,Iamcaptivatedbythevisualappealofawavecrashingonthebeach.Asaphysicisthowever,Ipossesstheabilitytobecaptivatedbythemuchdeeperbeautyofthephysicallawsthatgovernsuchaphenomenon.Wherethenon-physicistseesalovelybutinexplicableevent,thewell-schooledphysicistisabletoperceiveabrilliantdesign.（然而，物理學最偉大的天賦之一，就是它允許學生們?nèi)タ催^去的外在表象，進入一種更為壓倒性的美。作為一個人，我被海浪沖擊海灘的視覺吸引力所吸引。然而，作為一名物理學家，我有能力被支配這種現(xiàn)象的物理定律的更深層的美所吸引。當非物理學家看到一個可愛但無法解釋的事件時，受過良好教育的物理學家能夠感知到一個出色的設(shè)計。）可知，在概述物理學天賦中，B項“欣賞海浪撞擊的視覺美感”、C項“對自然的方式有更大的理解”和D項“在自然事件中看到更深層次的設(shè)計”都有被引用到。而這一段中，并沒有提到過unchanging的事物，A項“尋找永恒之美的能力”有出入，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項。

9.單選題

Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsaswellasagreedconventions（

）thesewordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticularmessage.

問題1選項

A.asthewaybywhich

B.bythewayinwhich

C.astothewayinwhich

D.inthewayofwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我們每個人都與我們所生活的社會分享著大量的詞匯以及約定的慣例，……這些詞匯排列組合起來后可以表達特定意義。后半句是對前半句中約定的慣例進一步解釋，因此只有C選項“至于這種慣例（方式）”可將前后銜接起來。

10.單選題

ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell,butifyou（

）youwillsucceedintheend.

問題1選項

A.hangup

B.hangabout

C.hangon

D.hangonto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。hangup意為“懸掛，掛斷（電話）”；hangabout意為“閑逛”；hangon意為“堅持下去”；hangonto意為“緊緊抓住，不放棄，依附”。

句意：學好英語不是一件容易的事，但如果你堅持下去，你最終會成功的。

11.單選題

Mycarcrawledalongamainroadwherealineoftrafficwas______sotightlytogetherthatitwasalmoststationary.

問題1選項

A.wedged

B.crowded

C.squeezed

D.compacted

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.wedged塞進，插入B.crowded擠滿，塞滿

C.squeezed擠壓，捏D.compacted把……緊壓在一起（或壓實）

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】由itwasalmoststationary（幾乎靜止不動）可知，交通是非常擁擠的，而wedge表示“塞滿”。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項表示人群擁擠；

C、D選項都指由于外力作用在物體上造成的擠壓。

【句意】我的車在一條主干道上緩慢行駛，那條主干道上的車輛緊緊地擠在一起，幾乎靜止不動。

12.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen's.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatterorfrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses-thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibresthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis"What?'*,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforwordhanding,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetter

connections.

Butitisn'tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat"languagesubjects"andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedbyfactors（

）.

3."Thesedifferences"inparagraph5refertothosein（

）.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon（

）.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects□

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。A:心理學家已經(jīng)放棄，而生物學家正在展開研究工作。第一段指出:Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke(心理學家把這個問題看成是挫折或笑話),原文表達的意思跟A項不一樣。B:大腦區(qū)別顯示出一個性別優(yōu)于另外一個性別。第一段說:'Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse(他們指出盡管有區(qū)別，但并不能說明誰優(yōu)誰劣),與B項不一致。D:兩性大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別早已為人所知。第三段:Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen...(這是第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)男性和女性大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)差異…),因此D項排除。所以本題選C。

2.細節(jié)題。第三段指出:Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences(我們傾向于認為正是社會的影響造成了這些差異),故選D。

3.細節(jié)題。第五段說:Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis(但在此基礎(chǔ)上，要解釋男女技能的實際差異并不是那么容易)。由此可見,“這些區(qū)別”指的是兩性技能。

4.推斷題。最后一段：Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon'tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum(我們暫時還不知道，部分原因是我們不知道學校受試者的能力和大腦兩半的功能之間有什么精確的關(guān)系，我們也不知道兩半是如何通過胼胝體相互作用的。)。后面:weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.間接地提出對于corpuscallos的影響應(yīng)多作研究工作。

5.主旨大意題。A項(概述關(guān)于大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究結(jié)果)比較能概括文章目的。

13.單選題

Yourblunttreatmentofdisputeswou