考研考博-英語-蘭州城市學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州城市學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

______sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.

問題1選項

A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan

B.Hardlydiditgrowdarkthat

C.Scarcelyhaditgrowndarkthan

D.Itwasnotuntildarkthat

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查倒裝句。句意：直到天黑，她才意識到太晚了，不能回家了。A、B、C選項意思為“一……就”；A選項nosooner…than置于句首，前面部分倒裝；B選項hardly…when“”和C選項scarcely…when是固定搭配。D選項itisnotuntil…that“直到……才”用法正確。因此D選項正確。

2.單選題

Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably（

）reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetails.

問題1選項

A.concise

B.clear

C.precise

D.elaborate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。concise“簡明的”；clear“清楚的”；precise“精確的”；elaborate“詳盡的”。句意：新秘書只用了幾張紙就寫出了一份包含所有的非常詳盡的報告。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

OurfootballteamisnowcontendingwithonefromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia.

問題1選項

A.meeting

B.contesting

C.conceding

D.contemplating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的足球隊正在和英國哥倫比亞大學(xué)的球隊……。meet“滿足，遇見”；contest“比賽，競賽”；concede“承認(rèn)，讓步”；contemplate“考慮，沉思”。根據(jù)“ourfootballteam”可知是在進行比賽，contend的意思是“競爭；斗爭”。因此，選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Intheaccidentthewindshieldofthebuswas______.

問題1選項

A.scattered

B.shattered

C.knocked

D.battered

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項scatter“撒播，散開，散布”，B項shatter“粉碎，打碎，破壞”，C項knock“敲，打，敲擊”，D項batter“連續(xù)猛擊，虐待毆打”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞accident“事故”和windshield“擋風(fēng)玻璃”可知，空格處填入“粉碎”符合句子語境。句意：在事故中，公共汽車的擋風(fēng)玻璃被震碎了。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

5.單選題

Thechildrenhaveamore（

）view,onlytakinginconsiderationwhatwillwork.

問題1選項

A.pragmatic

B.dreary

C.marital

D.dominant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項pragmatic“實用的，講求實效的”；B選項dreary“令人沮喪的，沉悶的”；C選項marital“婚姻的，夫妻關(guān)系的”；D選項dominant“首要的，占支配地位的，占優(yōu)勢的”。由后面的“onlytakinginconsiderationwhatwillwork（只有考慮到什么才能起作用）”可知A選項最符合邏輯搭配。句意：孩子們有一個更實用的觀點，只考慮什么會起作用。

6.單選題

Much（

）Ihavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinthoroughness,whateverthejob.

問題1選項

A.when

B.more

C.farther

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，需要倒裝，但不是主謂倒裝而是將被強調(diào)的內(nèi)容放在句首，選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thoughheisacompetentengineer,itdoesno（）thathewillmakeasuccessfulfactorydirector.

問題1選項

A.conclude

B.follow

C.deduce

D.doom

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:conclude“結(jié)束；終止”；B:follow“跟隨，接著”；C:deduce“推論，推斷”；D:doom“命運；厄運”。句意：雖然他是一名稱職的工程師，但是，并不能推斷他將成為一名成功的廠長。結(jié)合語境，故選C選項。

8.單選題

Thesenatorwasaccusedofwafflingonmajorissues.

問題1選項

A.vaguing

B.stiffening

C.vacillating

D.reshuffling

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項vaguing“模糊的，含糊的，不明確的，曖昧的”；B選項stiffening“變硬，（使）變粘稠”；C選項vacillating“躊躇的，搖擺的”；D選項reshuffling“重新安排，重新排序”。句意：這位參議員被指責(zé)在重大問題上含糊其辭。Waffling“優(yōu)柔寡斷的，模糊不清的”，A選項與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Superstitionisabiasedword.Lookupalmostanydictionarydefinitionandyouwillseethatitimpliesthateveryreligionnotbasedonreasonorknowledgeiscalledasuperstition.Eventhewordknowledgeisatwo-facedword.Presumably,itisusedasasynonymforreason.Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.

Itistruethataperson’sreligionmustbebasedonsomekindofknowledge.Butwhatkindofknowledgeismeant?Scientific,experimental,rational?Suchknowledgeisnaturalandmaybeethicalandthenitisnaturalreligiousknowledge.ApersonmayquiteeasilyconcludefromobservingtheuniversethatonlyGodcouldhaveproducedit.Thatknowledgeisnotreligion,notevenifapersonisboundtorecognizeaCreatoroftheuniverse.ItisnaturalknowledgesuchasConfucius,SocratesorZoroasterpossessed.

Naturalreligiousknowledge,asisevidentinthehistoryofthehumanrace,althoughithelpstomakeamangood,hardlysufficestokeephimgood,especiallyintimesofcrisis.Willsuchnaturalknowledge,forinstance,sustainamanwhenhehassuddenlylostallhismoneyandevenhiswifeandchildren?Willitofferthehopeofeverseeingthemagain?Willitinfluencehimgladlytosacrificehislifeforhisfamily,hiscountry,hisreligion?Onlyastrongsenseofsupernaturalreligion,arelianceuponGod,willprovidethenecessarycourageforrightaction.

Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife.

ChristianityandIslamdirectmentolookup,hopeforandstriveafteraneternallifeofhappinessinthepossessionofGod.Hinduism,althoughitbelievesinreincarnations,alsoencouragesitsadherentstoachievesuccessivelyhigherincarnationsuntiltheyachieveunity,becomeonewithBrahman—God.ChineseBuddhismtellsitsfollowersthatiftheyperformgooddeedsandhavefaithinOmitofoobyfrequentlycallinguponthisGodofInfiniteCompassiontheywillberewardedbyeternallifeintheWesternParadise.

Theagnosticortheatheistthinksofallofthosecreedsasreligioussuperstition.Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspiredideals,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.

Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.

1.Accordingtothepassage,peopledefinesuperstitionas______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,allthegreatreligionsoftheworld______.

3.Fromthepassagewearetoldthattheatheists______.

4.Ofthefollowingsuggestedtitle,theonethatmostaccuratelysumsupthepassageis______.

問題1選項

A.somereligiousknowledgenotbasedonreason

B.naturalknowledgeofareligion

C.anythingthatseemsunreasonableinanotherperson’sreligion

D.someoneelse’sreligion

問題2選項

A.bringpeaceofmindandpeacewithotherhumanbeing

B.putforthabetterlifenowandpromiseeternallifeintheWesternParadise

C.givecouragetotheiradherentstoliveanddiepeacefully

D.urgetheiradherentstoachievehigherincarnations

問題3選項

A.havelittleornoreligiousknowledge

B.haveidealsthatarebeyondearthlyones

C.aremostlyastrologerswhohavetoomanymaterialisticidealsinlife

D.areactuallynotfreefromsuperstition

問題4選項

A.TheGreatReligionsonEarth

B.IngredientsofSuperstition

C.ReligionandSuperstition

D.AchieveUnitywithGod

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，人們把迷信定義為……”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.（歸根結(jié)底，人們認(rèn)為在別人的宗教中他們認(rèn)為不合理的東西是迷信的）可知，C項“在另一個人的宗教中似乎不合理的任何事情”正確；A項“一些不是基于理性的宗教知識”是字典上對于迷信的定義，并不是人們的定義；B項“宗教的自然知識”這屬于宗教信仰建立的基礎(chǔ)；D項“其他人的宗教”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者，世界上所有偉大的宗教……”。根據(jù)第四段第一句Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.（世界上所有偉大的宗教—基督教、印度教、中國佛教和伊斯蘭教—都向人們展示了通往這種勇氣的道路，以及由此產(chǎn)生的心靈和平與所有人的和平）可知，A項“帶來內(nèi)心的平和，以及與他人之間的平和”正確；B項“提出更好的生活，并承諾在西天永生”和D項“敦促他們的追隨者達到更高的化身”該段沒有提到；由第四段第二句Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife（它們預(yù)示著一種更好的生活，大多是另一個地方的生活，或者至少，結(jié)束了今生的煩惱）可知，C項“給他們的信徒勇氣，讓他們平靜地活著和死去”與原文不符。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“從文章中我們得知，無神論者……”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.（不可知論者和無神論者都能擺脫迷信嗎？幾乎不能。每個有思想的人都有一種天生的宗教傾向，一種超越世俗的理想傾向）可知，D項“事實上并不能擺脫迷信”正確；A項“很少或沒有宗教知識”沒有提到；B項“有超越世俗的理想”不夠全面；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspiredideals,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.（如果他打破了自己的自然傾向，那就是上帝啟發(fā)的理想，他很可能會用一系列自我啟發(fā)的理想或某種流行的占星術(shù)來代替，這將成為他的宗教）可知，C項“大多是在生活中有太多的唯物主義的理想的占星家”中的唯物主義理想并沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“在以下建議的標(biāo)題中，最準(zhǔn)確地總結(jié)了這篇文章的是……”。文章開篇先闡述了迷信的定義，這個概念和宗教有關(guān)，然后又講述了宗教信仰中存在的迷信思想，并在文章的最后總結(jié)了迷信和宗教的區(qū)別：Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.（宗教和迷信之間有一條界線，每個人都必須學(xué)會辨別這條界線，否則就會失去人生的真正方向）；綜合推斷，C項“宗教和迷信”最適合做文章的標(biāo)題；A項“地球上最偉大的宗教”、B項“迷信的成分”和D項“與神合一”都只是文章的一部分。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

10.單選題

Becauseofthetightermoneypolicy,（

）defenseforthecomingyearsisgreatlycut.

問題1選項

A.reservation

B.budget

C.allowance

D.finance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reservation“預(yù)約”；budget“預(yù)算”；allowance“津貼”；finance“財政；金融”。句意：由于財政政策緊張，來年的國防預(yù)算大大縮減了。選項B符合題意。

11.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

和平與發(fā)展是當(dāng)今世界的兩大主題。維護世界和平，加強友好合作，促進共同發(fā)展是各國人民的共同愿望。當(dāng)前，貧困、失業(yè)、難民、犯罪、人口膨脹、環(huán)境惡化、毒品泛濫、恐怖主義等問題仍然嚴(yán)峻，影響著全球的穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展。中國與西方國家雖然國情不同，但在一系列重大國際問題上具有廣泛一致的利益。我對中國同西方各國關(guān)系的改善與發(fā)展感到高興。中國政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上，同包括西方國家在內(nèi)的世界各國政府和人民一道，為和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)做出貢獻。

【答案】參考譯文：Peaceanddevelopmentarethetwomajorthemesintoday'sworld.Themaintenanceofworldpeace,strengtheningfriendshipandcooperationandpromotingcommondevelopmentarethecommonaspirationofallpeoples.Atpresent,poverty,unemployment,refugees,crime,apopulationexplosion,environmentaldegradation,drugtrafficking,terrorismandotherissuesarestillsevereandaffectglobalstabilityanddevelopment.AlthoughChinaandwesterncountrieshavedifferentnationalconditions,bothsideshavebroadlyconsistentinterestsinaseriesofmajorinternationalissues.IamdelightedtoseetheimprovementanddevelopmentoftheconnectionbetweenChinaandwestcountries.ThegovernmentandpeopleofChinawouldliketodevotetothegreatpeaceanddevelopmentonthebasisofmutualtrustandequalityandmutualbenefitwithallthepeopleandallthegovernmentsincludingwestcountries.

12.單選題

W:DoyoumindifItakeacoupleofhoursoffthisafternoon?

M:OK,butwhatfor?

Q:Whatisthewomanaskingfor?

問題1選項

A.Advice

B.Leave

C.Time

D.Reason.

【答案】B

【解析】題目中“takeacoupleofhoursoff”的意思是“請幾個小時的假”，和B選項的“askforleave”意思相同，B選項正確。

13.翻譯題

Infact,therobotsthataredoingthemostforyouandme—theindustrialrobots—don’tevenhaveahead.Atinymicroprocessorcapableoffittingonasiliconchipthesizeofapeamakesuppartoftherobot’s“brain”.Severalofthesesiliconchipsareplacedontwoorthreeprintedcircuitboardstoprovidetheinputandmemorybankfunctions.Whenpluggedintoanelectricaloutlet,thisassemblyofmicroprocessors,muchlikethehumanbrain,transmitselectricalimpulsesalongpathwayswhichrunfromthecomputeritselfdowntherobot’sarmandintoitshand.Inhumans,thesepathwaysarethenervefibers;inrobots,theyareelectricalcables.

【答案】【參考譯文】事實上，那些對人類貢獻最大的機器人——工業(yè)機器人——甚至連頭都沒有。一個能裝在豌豆大小的硅芯片上的微型處理器，構(gòu)成了機器人“大腦的一部分”。幾塊這樣的芯片被放置在兩到三塊印刷電路板上，提供輸入和記憶庫的功能。當(dāng)插入電源插座時，這組微型處理器就像人類的大腦一樣，將電脈沖從計算機本身傳遞到機器人的手臂，再傳遞到它的手。對人類來說，這些路徑是神經(jīng)纖維，而對機器人來說，它們就是電纜。

14.單選題

Itwasunusualforthere（）sofewstudentsintheclassroom.

問題1選項

A.tobe

B.be

C.being

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查句式。介詞for后面跟的存在句采用不定式形式。句意：教室里的學(xué)生這么少是不尋常的。因此A選項正確。

15.單選題

Duringtheinterview,themayorexpressedhisheart-feltgratitudethroughthereportersforthetimelyassistanceandsupportthatpeoplefromothercitieshavekindly（

）tohiscitizensafterthecitywasstruckbyseveralearthquakes.

問題1選項

A.rendered

B.secured

C.sought

D.furnished

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。A選項的render“給予某物作為報償或用以交換，回報，歸還”；B選項的secure“將某物固定住，系住，使某物安全，保護”；C選項的seek“尋找，探索”；D選項的furnish“提供，陳設(shè)，布置”。根據(jù)句意‘在采訪中，市長通過報道對其他城市的人在該市遭受了幾次地震襲擊后給予市民的及時的友好的援助和支持表示了衷心的感謝’確定A選項正確。

16.填空題

Sincehewasachild,DonCameronhasbeeninterestedinanythingwhichflies.HegrewupontheoutskirtsofGlasgowand,asastudentatGlasgowUniversity,joinedtheUniversityAirSquadron.1.（）Hisgrandfatherwasanengineer,whoturnedhishandtomakingmodelsteamenginesandboats.

DonCameron’sfirstjobwasatBristolAircraft,whereheworkedasanengineer.HethenhadjobsinthesteelworksatLanwemandforRio-TintoZineinBristol,workingwithcomputers.Inthemid-sixties,newsofAmericanexperimentswithhotairballoonscrossedtheAtlantic,andheandacoupleoffriendsdecidedtobuildtheirownballoon.ProbablythefirsthotairballooninwesternEurope,theycalleditTheBristolBelle2.（）.

At40hehasalreadybeenhalfwayroundtheworldbyballoon3.（）HehascrossedtheChannelbyballoonandevenflownintheArcticCircleinone."Beforeyouflythere"，heremembers,“youaretoldhowtobuildigloosandsurviveinthesnow.It'salovelyplacetofly”.

"Intheearlydays”,herecalls.“Iusedtoworknightandday.”Helooksdownathisscheduleforthenextfewdays.ItincludesadrivetoFrancetomakeadelivery,plusreadingproofsofaballooninghandbookhehaswritten.“Istilldon'ttakeitveryeasy.”hesays.HestartedthebusinessinthebasementofthelargeVictorianhouse,whereheliveswithhiswifeKinandtwochildren.4.（）.Theyincludespeciallydesignedballoonsforadvertisingpurposes.ThefirmexportsallovertheworldandissettingupafactoryinAmerica,whereballoonswillbemadeforthemunderlicense.5.（）.

【答案】1.D

2.E

3.B

4.C

5.A

【解析】1.D項提到了familytradidion家庭傳統(tǒng)，與空格后面的內(nèi)容即對爺爺?shù)慕榻B對應(yīng)。

2.由空格前的內(nèi)容“heandacoupleoffriendsdecidedtobuildtheirownballoon.ProbablythefirsthotairballooninwesternEurope,theycalleditTheBristolBelle.他和幾個朋友決定自己造一個氣球?？赡苁俏鳉W的第一個熱氣球，他們叫它布里斯托爾貝爾?！笨芍穫惻c他的朋友決定自己造氣球，并且創(chuàng)造了西歐第一個熱氣球。E項講述的是他們公司的成就，現(xiàn)在本國就有300個熱氣球。有三分之二的熱氣球是由卡梅倫的公司制作的。能與下文自然銜接。

3.At40hehasalreadybeenhalfwayroundtheworldbyballoon40歲時，他已經(jīng)乘氣球環(huán)游了半個世界。這句為本段的中心句，接下來應(yīng)該會提到他乘坐熱氣球去過的地方。故B項正確。

4.此空前面HestartedthebusinessinthebasementofthelargeVictorianhouse,whereheliveswithhiswifeKinandtwochildren.他在一幢維多利亞時代的大房子的地下室里開始了他的生意，他和他的妻子及兩個孩子住在那里。此空與過去進行對比，講述仙子它的公司很有前途。由空格后的Theyincludespeciallydesignedballoonsforadvertisingpurposes.其中包括為廣告目的而特別設(shè)計的氣球,也可知they是指代熱氣球。故C項正確。

5.文章最后講述了卡梅倫公司的成就，A項用具體的數(shù)字能讓人更清楚地知道這家公司的成功。故A項正確。

17.單選題

Massproductionis（）onlyinaneconomywithahighlydevelopedtechnology.

問題1選項

A.vulnerable

B.invaluable

C.feasible

D.compatible

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。vulnerable易受攻擊的；invaluable無價的；feasible可行的；compatible兼容的。句意：大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)只有在技術(shù)高度發(fā)達的經(jīng)濟中才可行。選項C符合句意。

18.單選題

Thesegoodsaresoldatreducedprices,（）.

問題1選項

A.thedefectsarepointedouttothecustomers

B.thedefectspointedouttothecustomers

C.thedefectshavebeenpointedouttothecustomers

D.thedefectsbeingpointedouttothecustomers

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語，起補充說明的作用。選項A，B，C結(jié)構(gòu)完整，如果放于句中缺少連詞，所以選項D正確。

19.單選題

Whenlightilluminatesanobject,partofitisabsorbedandpartreflected;the_______lightnessofanobjectdependsontheproportionoflightthatisreflected.

問題1選項

A.denoted

B.embodied

C.insulated

D.perceived

【答案】D

【解析】denoted指示,表示;embodied所包含的;insulated被隔離的;perceived所察覺到的。句意：當(dāng)光照射一個物體時,它的一部分被吸收,一部分被反射;被感知的物體的亮度取決于被反射的光的比例。選項D符合句意。

20.翻譯題

Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofthecollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety,wheretemptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Ontheotherhand,asmanybigenterprisesandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareers,butoneducationaswell.Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledge.

【答案】最近在高校畢業(yè)生擇業(yè)問題上出現(xiàn)了一種傾向,這就是畢業(yè)生越來越青睞大公司,很少有人愿意到研究單位。在物欲橫流的社會里,這是一個不可避免的問題。學(xué)生還沒有走出校門,大公司便在競相聘用他們,向他們提供誘人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面,由于許多大企業(yè),甚至包括一些政府部門往往看重直接經(jīng)濟效益,而相對來說對長期的理論研究不感興趣,所以科研人員不斷從純理論研究領(lǐng)域流向?qū)嵱霉I(yè)。因為在那里工作要比研究領(lǐng)域里好找,工資往往也高。這些情況不僅嚴(yán)重影響青年人的擇業(yè)觀,而且還影響了教育。許多教師哀嘆,現(xiàn)在單純?yōu)榱藢W(xué)知識而學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生越來越少了。

21.單選題

Undoubtedlythefloodcouldhavebeen______ifthelocalgovernmenthadinvestedmoremoneyingreeningtheenvironment.

問題1選項

A.putoff

B.turnedoff

C.keptoff

D.writtenoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項putoff“推遲；扔掉；阻止”；B選項turnoff“關(guān)掉，關(guān)閉；拐彎，使轉(zhuǎn)變方向；使失去興趣”；C選項keepoff“讓開；不接近”；D選項writeoff“注銷；取消；勾銷；報廢”。句意：毫無疑問，如果當(dāng)?shù)卣诰G化環(huán)境方面投入更多的資金，洪水本可以被阻斷。因此B選項正確。

22.翻譯題

Themostintensiveformsofrurallanduseforagriculturalpurposesarethoseconcernedwithharvestablecropsorwiththeproductionofanimalproducts.Unlikeprimitiveagriculture,whichinvolvedonlythetemporaryremovalofnaturalvegetationanddependedforashortperiodoftimenaturalsoilfertility,conventionalagriculturetodayuseslargeinputsofchemicals,energyandtechnicalskillstoproduceincreasedyieldsofcropsoranimals.Inthetechnologicallyadvancedcountriesfoodproductionisoftengreaterthanpopulationgrowth,anditispossibletoretireformerfarmlandsfromuseandtoproducecropsaccordingtodemandwithoutapproachingthemaximumyieldsobtainable.Theso-calledGreenRevolutionhasbeenbasedonthespreadsuchfarmingmethodstolessdevelopednationoftheworld.Ithasbeenmadepossiblebythebreedingofhigh-yieldingformsofgrainspecificallyadaptedtotheecologicalconditionsofthecountriesinvolved.Thedecisiontouseanareaoflandforhigh-yieldagricultureessentiallyrulesoutitsuseforattarpurposes.Theintensiveproductionoffarmcropsinanagriculturalregionmayalsohavesideeffects;ashasbeenpreviouslynoted,thesemayincludethepollutionofotherthepesticides,herbicides,orotheragriculturalchemicalsblownorwashedfromfarmlandsaffectvegetationandanimallifeelsewhere.Nevertheless,committinganareatointensiveagriculturalproductiondoesnotruleoutitsfuturerestorationforotheruses.Aslongasthesoilsarewellcaredfor,suchareascanbeconvenedquicklytootherpurposesifitisnotnecessarytokeeptheminfarmproduction.AbandonedfarmlandsinthesouthernUnitedStates,forexample,arenowhighlyproductiveforestareas,andformerfanninglandselsewherearebeingusedtosupportwildlifeandoutdoorrecreation.Ingeneralplanningforconservationofnaturalresources,intensiveuseandhighproductioninthoseareasbestsuitedforfarmingmustbeofcourse,thatthepollutingeffectsoftheseactivitiesonthegeneralenvironmentareavoided.Suchconcentrationcansparethedestructionofotherresourcesthroughtouseinadequatelandsformarginalfarmingactivities.

【答案】最密集的農(nóng)業(yè)用途的農(nóng)村土地使用形式與提高農(nóng)作物或者動物產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量有關(guān)。原始農(nóng)業(yè)涉及的僅僅是自然植被的臨時遷移，還有短時間內(nèi)依靠自然土壤的肥力，與之不同的是，今天的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)使用大量的化學(xué)品，能源還有技術(shù)技能，從而農(nóng)作物和動物產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量得到很大的提高。技術(shù)先進國家食物產(chǎn)量的增長往往比人口增長快，并有可能讓之前的農(nóng)田荒廢，根據(jù)需求生產(chǎn)作物，避免其索取接近最高產(chǎn)量。所謂的綠色革命一直立足于向世界欠發(fā)達國家傳播這種耕作方式。通過播種適應(yīng)于當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境的高產(chǎn)作物可能實現(xiàn)這一點。決定使用某個地方來種植高產(chǎn)農(nóng)作物后，基本排除了將這個地方做其他用途。農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)的集約化農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)也有副作用；之前已經(jīng)提到過，這些可能包括其他地區(qū)的污染比如農(nóng)藥、除草劑或者從其他農(nóng)田風(fēng)刮過來或者沖過來的農(nóng)用化學(xué)品，這些都會影響到其他地方的植被和動物。然而，將一個地區(qū)專項集約化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)并不排除將來將其恢復(fù)用于其他用途。只要土壤被保護得好，這些地區(qū)能夠很快被轉(zhuǎn)換到其他目的，其他是沒有必要再讓它們用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。例如，美國南部的棄耕地，現(xiàn)在是高生產(chǎn)力的森林地區(qū)，其他前耕作土地正在用來支持野生動物和戶外休閑。對自然資源的保護，針對最適合耕種的區(qū)域的集約化利用和高產(chǎn)量的總體規(guī)劃當(dāng)然應(yīng)該避免這些活動對環(huán)境的污染。這種集中通過利用邊際農(nóng)業(yè)活動中使用不足的土地可以免除對其他資源的破壞。

23.單選題

AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.Sexecutivetellshisstallhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairlyandcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanageispromotebyhisBritishPresident,butwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.

Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployees,butwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement.

“Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture,”saysCliffordClarke,founderandpresidentoftheCaliforniabasedIRIInternationalinc,oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofconsultingfirmsthatspecializeinteachingbusinesspeoplefromdifferentcultureshowtocommunicateandworkwitheachother.

“NevershowtheshoetoanArad,neverarriveontimeforapartyinBrazil,andinJapan,don’tthink‘yes’means‘yes’,adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggs,whohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial“dos”and“don’ts’'isnottheanswer,accordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatterns,theypointout,canbedisastrous.

Forexample,theAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewarded,butwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanothers,therewerecomplaints.“Youtoldusyou'dbefair,andyouliedtous,”accusedonesalesman.“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”

TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation,“hewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan,”saidhisU.S.Manager,“butinourcompany,we’reallexpectedtobeself-starters,whothriveonworkingalone.Forhim,itwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnow,buthe’dbehumiliatedif1toldyouhisname,that’sanotherculturedifference.”

TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors.“Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney,”saysEugeneJ.Flath,presidentofIntelJapanLtd,asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker.“Now,Icanseeitisarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice.”

“That’swhyIntel,withthehelpofconsultantClarke,begananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericanandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.Fromthecontext,theword“baloney”iscloseinmeaningto

（

）.

3.WhydidtheJapanesestaffcomplaintotheAmericanmanager?

4.Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor

（

）.

5.WhydidthepromotedJapanesemanageraskfortransfer?

問題1選項

A.BuildingBridgesOvertheCulturalRivets

B.MultinationalTrainingforBusinessman

C.LearningDifferentThinkingPatterns

D.CommunicationProblemsandComplaints

問題2選項

A.balcony

B.feat

C.nonsense

D.simplicity

問題3選項

A.TheAmericanmanagerhadliedtothem.

B.Thesalaryincreaseswereinsufficient.

C.Moststaffhadnotreceivedsalaryincreased.

D.Therewasamisunderstandingoftheword“fair”.

問題4選項

A.Americanmanagers

B.multinationalcompanies

C.Japaneseemployees

D.consultingfirms

問題5選項

A.Hewasnotcompetentforthehigherposition.

B.Hewasnotaccustomedtoworkingbyhimself.

C.Hecouldnotmaketheadjustmenttohisnewjob.

D.Helackedadequatecommunicationwithhissuperiors.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“本文最佳標(biāo)題是……”。文章首先是通過一些實例來引出不同文化間的交流障礙這個話題，比如一位亞洲工程師被派到美國實驗室后幾乎精神奔潰；隨后提到跨國公司開始重視這個問題并且采取了一些措施來解決這些問題，四個選項中選項A包含了其他三個選項的內(nèi)容，最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可知，baloney與哪個單詞意思最接近”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到（Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney）與（Icanseeitisarealproblem），把之前的觀點與現(xiàn)在的觀點進行對比，前后發(fā)生了變化，由此可知baloney的意思與“arealproblem”是相反的，即“胡說八道”的意思。選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“為什么日本員工向他們美國經(jīng)理抱怨”。文章第五段提到“這位美國經(jīng)理說他花費了一年半的時間來明白日本員工認(rèn)為的公平是被平等對待”（“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”），由此可以看出是因為對fair這個單詞的誤解，使得日本員工對此抱怨。選項D符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“對于……來說，文化交流問題正變得特別重要”。文章第三段提到跨國公司開始重視文化（Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture），因此選項B符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“被提升的日本籍經(jīng)理為什么要求換工作”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“不能適應(yīng)職位提升的日本經(jīng)理不能用更直接的語言與自己在英國的上司進行溝通從而提出了調(diào)換工作的要求”（TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors），選項C“他不能適應(yīng)新工作”符合題意。

24.單選題

People___thatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.

問題1選項

A.convinced

B.anticipated

C.resolved

D.assured

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項convinced“說服；使確信，使信服”；B選項anticipated“預(yù)料，預(yù)期；預(yù)見，預(yù)計（并做準(zhǔn)備）”；C選項resolved“決定；溶解；使……分解；決心要做……”；D選項assured“保證；擔(dān)保；使確信；弄清楚”。句意：人們___，垂直飛行運輸將像今天的飛機一樣運載數(shù)百萬乘客。本句表達“人們曾經(jīng)預(yù)計”，因此B選項正確。

25.單選題

TherearetwocolumnsmarkedAandBbelow.10setwordsarelistedincolumnAwiththedefinitionsprovidedincolumnB.StudythephrasesincolumnAcarefullyandmatcheachwordwiththecorrectdefinitionincolumnB.

ColumnA

1.vitality

2.prompting

3.instantaneous

4.dynamic

5.prudent

6.original

7.feverish

8.facilitate

9.likewise

10.sponsor

ColumnB

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問題1選項

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問題2選項

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

問題3選項

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimm