考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州資源環(huán)境職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州資源環(huán)境職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premodemcancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors(oncos)andmalignantones(carcinos).InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:“Thereisnotreatment.’’

Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible，but，untilmodemtimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:infectiousandepidemicdiseases(plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever)；“apoplexies”(whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks)；and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”(tuberculosis).Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themodemdiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.”

Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy”.Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality”,andinsomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”？

4.“Neurasthenia”anddiabetesarementionedbecause（）

5.Assuggestedbythepassage,withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.calledcancerthecrab

B.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones

C.foundoutthecauseofcancer

D.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer.

B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer.

C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement.

D.Somephysiciansbelievedthatone’sownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Modemcancercareisveryeffective.

B.Thereisalotmorecancernow.

C.Peopleunderstandcancerinradicallynewwaysnow.

D.Thereisasharpincreaseinmortalityinmodemcancerworld.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareasfatalascancer

B.theywereconsideredtobe“diseaseofcivilization”

C.peopledreadthemverymuch

D.theyarebroughtbythehighpressureofmodernlife

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thecareandmanagementofcancerhavedevelopedovertime.

B.Theculturalsignificanceofcancershiftsindifferenttimes.

C.Cancer’sidentityhasneverchanged.

D.Canceristhepricepaidformodemlife.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，古埃及人_______。由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第五句“TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome”，可知古埃及人已經(jīng)知道很多有不好的結(jié)果的腫瘤，對(duì)應(yīng)第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，malignanttumors是指惡性腫瘤。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于過(guò)去的癌癥，下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述最能得到文章的支持？文章并沒(méi)提到古人是否活到容易患癌癥的年齡，排除A選項(xiàng)；第二段中提到“Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind”，說(shuō)明過(guò)去人們不是不恐懼癌癥，而是這種恐懼并沒(méi)稱(chēng)為焦點(diǎn)，排除B選項(xiàng)；最后一段中提到“…sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement”被認(rèn)為優(yōu)雅的是死于肺結(jié)核，排除C選項(xiàng)；最后一段中“somephysiciansattributedcancer…topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses”說(shuō)明他們將癌癥歸因于心理和行為原因，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是被稱(chēng)為“現(xiàn)代病”的癌癥的原因？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“themoderndisease”定位到第二段最后一句，上一句提到癌癥死亡令人恐懼，下一句就說(shuō)RoyPorter將其說(shuō)成是“最卓越的現(xiàn)代病，Mukherjee稱(chēng)之為“現(xiàn)代最典型的產(chǎn)物”，說(shuō)明人們對(duì)癌癥的理解改變了。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：提到“神經(jīng)衰弱”和糖尿病是因?yàn)開(kāi)____。文中最后一句提到了關(guān)鍵詞“Neurasthenia”和“diabetes”，文中提到“itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence”，在此提到癌癥和神經(jīng)衰弱以及糖尿病的病因相似，因此也就是在說(shuō)神經(jīng)衰弱和糖尿病都與心理壓力有關(guān)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。題干：如文章所述，作者最可能同意下列哪一種說(shuō)法？由第一段第二句中“Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime”與全文，可知對(duì)于癌癥的護(hù)理管理是一直發(fā)展的，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B和D選項(xiàng)是作者飲用的他人觀(guān)點(diǎn)，不不能代表作者自身。癌癥由之前的不是焦點(diǎn)到現(xiàn)在人人恐懼，身份自然有改變，C選項(xiàng)由此可排除。

2.單選題

Severalinternationaleventsintheearly1990sseemlikelyto（）,oratleastweaken,thetrendsthatemergedinthe1980s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revolt

B.revolve

C.reverse

D.revive

【答案】C

【解析】句意:90年代初期發(fā)生的若干國(guó)際事件，似乎有可能逆轉(zhuǎn)或者至少能夠緩解80年代出現(xiàn)的趨勢(shì)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。revolt叛逆，反抗，不及物動(dòng)詞,故排除；revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)，環(huán)繞，不及物動(dòng)詞,故排除。Reverse顛倒，逆轉(zhuǎn)。Revive（使）蘇醒，復(fù)興，復(fù)活。根據(jù)句意“或者至少能夠緩解”可知C正確。

3.單選題

Thewoodwassorottenthat,whenwepulled,it（）intofragments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeaway

B.brokeoff

C.brokeup

D.brokethrough

【答案】C

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：木頭腐爛成那樣了，我們拉它的時(shí)候，它就

片了。

brokeaway脫離，放棄，裂開(kāi)；brokeoff折斷，突然停止；brokeup分手，破碎；brokethrough突破。

后半句有一個(gè)“fragments（碎片）”,C項(xiàng)符合句意。雖然A項(xiàng)breakaway也可表示“弄碎”的意思，但后面一般不與“into（sth.）”連用。

4.單選題

Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor（1）toconsidertheroleofgovernment.Governmenthasapowerful（2）ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:

DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem（3）theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexmilitaryestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand（4）ofmosthighways,the（5）oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment,areprimarily（6）forbycountyorcitygovernments.Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation（7）arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernment.

RegulationandControl.Thegovernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate（8）inmanyways,forthe（9）ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest（10）ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda（11）,suchasintelephoneorelectricservice,orinotherareaswherethereislimitedcompetition,aswithrailroadsorairlines.Publicpolicypermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable（12）,butlimitstheirabilitytoraiseprices（13）,sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis（14）toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof（15）infood.Inotherindustries,governmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.

StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofgovernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by（16）taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso（17）theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbythegovernmentitself.

DirectAssistance.Thegovernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto（18）andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs（19）certainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto（20）betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Governmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequatelycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalcarefortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfaresystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.economy

B.horror

C.magnifier

D.element

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.elevation

B.emotion

C.effect

D.election

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.dripping

B.serving

C.diverging

D.clamping

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.clearance

B.combustion

C.commence

D.maintenance

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.commonplace

B.responsibility

C.conductivity

D.consequence

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.consoled

B.compacted

C.paid

D.bracketed

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.services

B.boycotts

C.budgets

D.charters

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.banquet

B.boom

C.arena

D.enterprise

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.assertion

B.purpose

C.asset

D.assumption

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.admiration

B.interests

C.adoption

D.accuracy

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.monopoly

B.acceptance

C.abolition

D.morality

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.proximity

B.blend

C.breast

D.profit

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.fairly

B.unfairly

C.friendly

D.unnecessarily

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.exercised

B.broadened

C.bankrupted

D.exemplified

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.faculty

B.quantity

C.quality

D.fragment

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.applauding

B.assessing

C.ascending

D.adjusting

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.affect

B.accommodate

C.adhere

D.affirm

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.beverage

B.businesses

C.bondage

D.botany

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.perplex

B.permit

C.perturb

D.plunder

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.compensate

B.confront

C.console

D.compete

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查邏輯關(guān)系。element“元素、要素”;magnifier“放大鏡”;horror“恐怖”;economy“經(jīng)濟(jì)”。文章開(kāi)頭第一句就講到消費(fèi)者與生產(chǎn)者會(huì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生影響，由此可以推出文章接下來(lái)要講另一個(gè)影響因素，只有D符合題意。

2.考查詞匯辨析。elevation”海撥，提高”;emotion“情感、情緒”;election“選舉”;powerfuleffect“強(qiáng)大的影響力”,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。drip”滴下”;diverge“偏離、分叉”;clamp“夾住”。郵政系統(tǒng)屬于服務(wù)行業(yè)，故選擇B“服務(wù)”。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。clearance“清除”;combustion“燃燒、氧化”;commence“開(kāi)始，著手”；maintenance“維修；維護(hù)”高速公路除了建設(shè)，還需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行保養(yǎng)，才保證正常使用。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。commonplace“老生常談、司空見(jiàn)慣的事”;conductivity“導(dǎo)電性”;consequence“結(jié)果，后果”。高速公路建設(shè)與保養(yǎng)問(wèn)題，涉及一個(gè)歸屬與責(zé)任權(quán)的問(wèn)題，句中提到individualstates（各個(gè)州）。由此可知選B（責(zé)任）符合題意。

6.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。console“安慰”;compact“壓縮、壓緊”;bracket“把...歸入同一類(lèi)”。句中提到thepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment（公共教育系統(tǒng)大多數(shù)的資金由聯(lián)邦政府提供）。由此可知，接下來(lái)繼續(xù)談?wù)撡M(fèi)用的承擔(dān)問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C（支付）符合題意。

7.考查固定搭配。boycott“聯(lián)合抵制”;budget“預(yù)算”;charter”憲章、特許狀”；

service“局、部”。Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation

Services（警察局、消防部門(mén)、衛(wèi)生局）。故選擇A。

8.考查名詞詞義辨析。banquet“宴會(huì)”;boom“興旺，繁榮”;arena“舞臺(tái)”；enterprise“企業(yè)”。文章是講政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)揮的作用，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展很大程度上取決于企業(yè)的發(fā)展，句中business:此處理解為企業(yè)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。assertion“斷言、聲明”;asset“資產(chǎn)，財(cái)產(chǎn)”;assumption“假定，假設(shè)”。政府實(shí)施對(duì)企業(yè)的管理是為了達(dá)到某一目的，故選擇B（目的，企圖）。

10.考查名詞詞義辨析。admiration”欽佩，贊賞”;adoption“采用，收養(yǎng)”;accuracy“精確度，準(zhǔn)確性”。政府指導(dǎo)企業(yè)的發(fā)展，讓企業(yè)在盈利的同時(shí)，也需要滿(mǎn)足全社會(huì)的利益，故選擇B（利益）。

11.考查名詞詞義辨析。acceptance“接受”;abolition”廢除，廢止”;morality“道德，品行”。企業(yè)為了個(gè)人利益難免會(huì)壟斷某個(gè)行業(yè)，Regulationisnecessaryinareas：政府在某些行業(yè)采取調(diào)控是有必要的。故得知選擇A（壟斷）。

12.考查名詞詞義辨析。proximity“接近，鄰近”;blend“混合”;breast“胸懷，乳房”。

企業(yè)要生存就必須盈利，故選擇D（利潤(rùn)）。

13.考查副詞詞義辨析。fairly“公平地”;friendly“友好的”;unnecessarily“不必要地”。企業(yè)為了賺得更多的利潤(rùn)，會(huì)打價(jià)格戰(zhàn)，會(huì)惡意提高價(jià)格，故選擇B（不公平地）。

14.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。broaden“擴(kuò)大，變寬”;bankrupt“破產(chǎn)”;exemplify”例證，例示”。control此處理解為調(diào)控，而這一行為是需要實(shí)施，故選擇A（運(yùn)用，執(zhí)行）。

15.考查名詞詞義辨析。faculty“科，系”;quantity“量，數(shù)量”;fragment“碎片，片段”。theFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof65infood：食品藥品管理局禁止生產(chǎn)有害藥品，提出食品加工的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，由此可知選擇C（質(zhì)量）。

16.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。applaud“贊同，鼓掌”;assess“評(píng)定，估計(jì)”;ascend“上升，攀登”。...controltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflation...：調(diào)控經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱和過(guò)度衰退，抑制通貨膨脹。要解決這些問(wèn)題需要采用一些經(jīng)濟(jì)手段，如：調(diào)整稅率，貨幣發(fā)行量（themoneysupply）,故選擇D（調(diào)整）。

17.考查名詞詞義辨析。accommodate“適應(yīng)，調(diào)解”;adhere“堅(jiān)持”;affirm“肯定，斷言”。運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)手段（調(diào)整稅率、貨幣發(fā)行量），會(huì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生一定影響，故選擇A（影響）。

18.考查名詞詞義辨析。beverage“飲料”;bondage“束縛，奴役”;botany“植物學(xué)”。individual:個(gè)人，政府要保證個(gè)體利益也需要照顧全局，由此可以得知選擇B（企業(yè)）。

19.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Perplex“困惑，為難”;perturb“擾亂”;plunder”搶奪，搶劫”。tariffscertainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;為了企業(yè)的更好的發(fā)展，可以允許減免某些企業(yè)的稅收，故選擇B（允許）。

20.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。compensate“補(bǔ)償、賠償”;confront“面對(duì)，遭遇”;console“安慰，慰藉”。...Americanproducts...withcertainforeigngoods（美國(guó)產(chǎn)品、外國(guó)產(chǎn)品），可得知國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品與外國(guó)產(chǎn)品為了爭(zhēng)得市場(chǎng)，必然存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，故選D（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）。

5.單選題

It’ssaidthat（）isgoingtogiveusalecture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anAmericanfamousyoung

B.afamousAmericanyoung

C.afamousyoungAmerican

D.ayoungfamousAmerican

【答案】C

【解析】句意:據(jù)說(shuō)，一個(gè)著名的美國(guó)年輕人會(huì)給我們演講。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾樾稳菰~的順序位置。famous是描繪性形容詞，應(yīng)放在前面；American指的是國(guó)籍，表示“美國(guó)人”，應(yīng)該放在young之后。因此選C項(xiàng)。

6.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Inthispart,youareexpectedtowriteacompositionentitledProsConsofBuyingaCarinnolessthan200words.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutlines.

有人贊成買(mǎi)私家車(chē)

有人反對(duì)買(mǎi)私家車(chē)

我的看法

【答案】略

7.單選題

Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalway,oneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablethingdependingtoalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolortoothercolorsseensimultaneously.Itisnotfixedinitsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhichcreatesit.Ontheotherhand,thepropertiesofsurfacesthatgiverisetocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolors,usually(butnotalways)lookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier.

Whentheeyeisfixedonacoloredarea,thereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthesensitivityoftheeyetocolorinandaroundtheareaviewed.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotimmediatelyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthegazeisshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchouten,itappearsthat,atleastforafirstapproximation,fulladaptationtakesplaceoveraverybrieftimeiftheadaptingsourceismoderately,brightandtheeyehasbeeninrelativedarknessjustpreviously.Asthestimulusisallowedtoact,however,theeffectbecomesmorepersistentinthesensethatittakestheeyelongertoregainitssensitivitytolowerintensities.Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond.Theeffectnotonlyispresentoverthemutualareacausingthe“l(fā)ocaladaptation”butalsospreadswithdecreasingstrengthtoadjoiningareasoftheeyetoproduce“l(fā)ateraladaptation”.Also,becauseofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanother,allofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolors,theadaptationwilltendtobecomeuniformoverthewholeeye.

1.Thisselectionisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Whetheracoloredobjectwould,ontwoviewingsseparatedintime,appeartotheviewerassimilarordifferentincolorwoulddependmostlyon（）.

3.Ifaperson'seyehasbeenlookingatanobjectinbrightsunlightforsometime,andthenshiftstoanobjectnotwelllit,wecanexpect（）.

4.Theword"superimpose"(Line12,Paragraph2)hastheclosestmeaningto（）.

5.Thepresentselectionhasapparentlybeenprecededbysomeexplanationof（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theeye’sadaptationtocolor

B.thepropertiesofcoloredsurfaces

C.thecolorofcolors

D.theeffectofchangesincolorintensity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecolormechanismoftheeyeinuseatthetimeofeachviewing

B.whethertheobjectwasseeninartificialornaturallight

C.whatkindofviewinghadimmediatelyprecededeachoftheviewings

D.theindividual'spoweroflateraladaptation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.atimelaginthefocusingabilityoftheeye

B.theimmediatelossofthe"afterimage"ofthefirstobject

C.someinabilitytoseecolorsofthelatter-namedobjectsuntillossofsensitivityhasbeenregained

D.theadaptationinthecentralareaoftheeyebutlittleadaptationinthelateralareastothenewintensitylevel

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.putsomethingover

B.forcesomethingtoappear

C.levysomethingupon

D.makesomethingavailable

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.someexperimentwithcolorpigments

B.thenatureofcolor

C.thecolorpropertiesofvarioussurfaces

D.themechanismoftheeye'sadaptationtocolor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段提出:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(這兩種效果在很大程度上都是由于前面提到的顏色適應(yīng)機(jī)制)，后面接著論述了眼睛對(duì)顏色的適應(yīng)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“眼睛對(duì)顏色的適應(yīng)”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation(觀(guān)看時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，強(qiáng)度越高，面積越大，在接下來(lái)的觀(guān)察中存留的影響就越大)。由此可知答案為C項(xiàng)“快速轉(zhuǎn)移視線(xiàn)前所見(jiàn)景物”.

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第六句:Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最終的結(jié)果是，如果眼睛盯著某種顏色看，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到較低強(qiáng)度的區(qū)域，由第一區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的靈敏度損失將仍然存在，并將會(huì)作為后像出現(xiàn)而疊加到第二個(gè)區(qū)域中)。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“直到失去的敏感度恢復(fù)了，才能看到后一個(gè)物體一些原本看不到的顏色”正確。

第4題:詞義題。可參考第二段第六句:Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最終的結(jié)果是，如果眼睛盯著某種顏色看，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到較低強(qiáng)度的區(qū)域，由第一區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的靈敏度損失將仍然存在，并將會(huì)作為后像出現(xiàn)而…到第二個(gè)區(qū)域中)。由此可知，superimposed指“疊加的”。因此A項(xiàng)“把某物放在上面”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段最后一句:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(這兩種效應(yīng)似乎和之前提到的顏色適應(yīng)機(jī)制有很大關(guān)系)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“眼睛適應(yīng)顏色的機(jī)制”正確。

8.單選題

Youinvestintheequitymarkettoprovideyourselfwithstreamoffuturedividendswhichwillhopefully_______inflation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.outpace

B.outface

C.outgrow

D.outlaw

【答案】A

【解析】outpace超過(guò)…速度,趕過(guò);outface蔑視;outgrow出生,蛻變;outlaw將…放逐,宣布…不合法。句意：投資股票市場(chǎng)會(huì)給自己帶來(lái)未來(lái)的紅利，而且它將有望趕超通貨膨脹。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst（1）,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis（2）tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture（3）andculturalgrowthincreased.

Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis（4）forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They（5）thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesuswitha(n)（6）languageabilitynotfoundinlowerorganisms.Supportersofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour（7）forlanguageisinborn,butthat

languageitselfdevelopsgradually,asafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical（8）timesforlanguagedevelopment.

Current（9）ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed;however,evidence（10）theexistenceofsome

innateabilitiesisundeniable.Indeed,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin（11）grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing（12）to

them,whileadultshaveamuch（13）timelearninganotherlanguageoncetherulesoftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.

（14）someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyin

avacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen（15）fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.This

demonstratesthat（16）withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage（17）thananyinnatecapacities.

Thesetheoristsviewlanguage（18）imitative,learnedbehavior.（19）,childrenlearnlanguage

fromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsby（20）reinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generated

B.evolved

C.born

D.originated

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.appropriate

C.convenient

D.favorite

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.attainments

B.feasibility

C.entertainments

D.evolution

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.essential

B.available

C.reliable

D.responsible

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.confirm

B.inform

C.claim

D.convince

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.innate

B.basic

C.inspiring

D.outgoing

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.performance

C.preference

D.passion

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.ideological

B.biological

C.social

D.psychological

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.reviews

B.reference

C.reaction

D.recommendation

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.opposing

B.supporting

C.encouraging

D.discouraging

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.various

B.different

C.thehigher

D.thelower

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.revealed

B.exposed

C.engaged

D.involved

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.hard

B.easy

C.harder

D.easier

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.Whether

C.Since

D.When

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.distinguished

B.different

C.protected

D.isolated

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.exposition

B.comparison

C.contrast

D.interaction

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.acquisition

B.appreciation

C.requirement

D.alternative

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.tobe

B.into

C.as

D.of

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.Asaresult

B.Afterall

C.Inotherwords

D.Aboveall

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.negatively

B.positively

C.negative

D.positive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】（1）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。generated生殖，發(fā)展；evolved逐漸發(fā)展，進(jìn)化；born出世（bear的過(guò)去分詞）；originated起源。根據(jù)原文句意：當(dāng)人類(lèi)剛剛開(kāi)始，他們跟新生兒一樣不會(huì)運(yùn)用這種工具。選項(xiàng)B更符合原文語(yǔ)境。

（2）形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，填空處的詞是用來(lái)修飾語(yǔ)言的。valuable珍貴的；appropriate合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)?；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜歡的。這里指語(yǔ)言工具，所以選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

（3）名詞詞義辨析。attainments成就；feasibility可行性；entertainments娛樂(lè)；evolution進(jìn)化。句意：語(yǔ)言一旦發(fā)展起來(lái)，人類(lèi)未來(lái)取得成就和文化發(fā)展的可能性就增加了。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（4）beresponsiblefor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，是……的原因。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可以推斷，這里是指：進(jìn)化是我們有能力發(fā)明和使用語(yǔ)言的原因，而不是說(shuō)進(jìn)化對(duì)我們有能力發(fā)明和使用語(yǔ)言很重要，所以選D而不選A。

（5）根據(jù)原文可知that后面的從句是生物學(xué)家們提出的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，所以用claim（聲稱(chēng)）符合原文語(yǔ)境。

（6）上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“innatenesstheory”可知，此處也應(yīng)填入innate。

（7）名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意：人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言潛能是與生俱來(lái)的，但語(yǔ)言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（8）形近詞辨析。ideological思想上的；biological生物的；social社會(huì)的；psychological心理的。根據(jù)上文“asafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood”可以推斷，語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的生物變化的時(shí)期，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（9）名詞詞義辨析。reviews評(píng)論；reference參考；reaction反應(yīng)；recommendation推薦。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指人們對(duì)天賦論的評(píng)論不一。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（10）上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)evidence可知，只有supporting符合邏輯關(guān)系。句意：支持某些先天能力的證據(jù)卻是毋庸置疑的。所以本題選B。

（11）上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguages”可推斷，學(xué)外語(yǔ)要從低年級(jí)開(kāi)始教起。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（12）固定搭配。engaged通常與介詞in或者with搭配；involved通常與介詞in搭配。這里指長(zhǎng)期處于……環(huán)境中，所以選項(xiàng)B更符合原文。

（13）上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)while可知，成年人和孩子們想比應(yīng)該是相反的情況，所以排除選項(xiàng)B和D，再根據(jù)副詞much可知，這里應(yīng)填入比較級(jí)，選項(xiàng)C正確。

（14）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意：語(yǔ)言的某些方面確實(shí)是與生俱來(lái)的，語(yǔ)言不是憑空自己發(fā)展的。所以，前后應(yīng)該為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合原文語(yǔ)境。

（15）上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)言不是憑空自己發(fā)展的，也就是說(shuō)不能在與世隔絕的環(huán)境中發(fā)展。所以這里應(yīng)該選D。

（16）上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)句意：這說(shuō)明與他人的互動(dòng)對(duì)于語(yǔ)言的正常發(fā)展是必要的。只有選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（17）上下文語(yǔ)義。acquisition獲得；appreciation欣賞；requirement要求；alternative可供選擇的。根據(jù)句意：一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為，這比任何先天能力對(duì)人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言習(xí)得更為基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（18）固定搭配。viewas意為：認(rèn)為……是……；把……看作……，符合原文句意。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（19）上下文語(yǔ)義和詞組辨析。Asaresult結(jié)果是；Afterall畢竟；Inotherwords換言之；Aboveall首先。下句是對(duì)上句的一個(gè)舉例，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（20）副詞詞義辨析和上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“negativelyreinforcingimprecise”可知這里應(yīng)填入positively。選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.單選題

Thedoctorwasina（）astowhethertotellthepatientthetruthoralie.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prudence

B.dilemma

C.secrecy

D.psychology

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。prudence謹(jǐn)慎；dilemma困境，進(jìn)退兩難；secrecy保密；psychology心理學(xué)。句意：醫(yī)生陷入進(jìn)退兩難的困境，不知該告訴病人真相還是謊言。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas”basedonthefollowinggivenoutlineinChinese.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheAnswerSheet.

Outline:

1.現(xiàn)在社會(huì)上的假文憑屢見(jiàn)不鮮。

2.如何杜絕假文憑現(xiàn)象？

【答案】HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas

Inthelastfewyears,thephenomenonoffakediplomasismoreserious.Plentyofpeopleusefakediplomasto

findagoodjob.Besidesthelowcostofthefakediplomasappealslotsofpeoplewhohavenotreceivedhighereducationwhichmakefakediplomasbecomemorecommon.

Fakediplomasdoharmtobothemployersandpersonswhohaverealdiplomas.Ifemployersappointemployeeswhoarenotqualifiedforacertainposition,theircompaniesmaysufferheavylosses,evenfacehugecrisis.Besides,it’sunfairforpeoplewithrealdiplomaswhenthosewhobuyfakediplomasdonotpayanyeffortsandmoneyinhighereducation.Soitistimetodealwiththefakeevent.

Tobeginwith,governmentshouldreleasesomelawstopunishthosepeoplewhofabricateandbuythefakediplomastolimitthefakeevent.Inaddition,theuniversitycanmaketheirdiplomaswithspecialmaterialtolimitthefakediplomas’spreading.Furthermore,universitiesshouldmatchupthecompaniestochecktherecordofformalschoolingoftheiremployees.Inthoseways,thefakeeventsmaybecontrolled.

12.單選題

ThisyearmarksexactlytwocountriessincethepublicationofFrankenstein;or,TheModernPrometheus,byMaryShelley.Evenbeforetheinventionoftheelectriclightbulb,theauthorproducedaremarkableworkofspeculativefictionthatwouldforeshadowmanyethicalquestionstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome.

Todaytherapidgrowthofartificialintelligence(AI)raisesfundamentalquestions:“Whatisintelligence,identify,orconsciousness?Whatmakeshumanshumans?”

Whatisbeingcalledartificialgeneralintelligence,machinesthatwouldimitatethewayhumansthink,continuestoevadescientists.Yethumansremainfascinatedbytheideaofrobotsthatwouldlook,move,andrespondlikehumans,similartothoserecentlydepictedonpopularsci-fiTVseriessuchas“Westworld”and“Humans”.

“Justhowpeoplethinkisstillfartoocomplextobeunderstood,letalonereproduced,”saysDavidEagleman,aStanfordUniversityneuroscientist.“Wearejustinasituationwheretherearenogoodtheoriesexplainingwhatconsciousnesssactuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachinetogetthere.”

Butthatdoesn’tmeancrucialethicalissuesinvolvingAIaren'tathand.Thecominguseofautonomousvehicles,forexample,posesthornyethicalquestions.Humandriverssometimesmustmakesplit-seconddecisions.Theirreactionsmaybeacomplexcombinationofinstantreflexes,inputfrompastdrivingexperiences,andwhattheireyesandearstelltheminthatmoment.AI“vision”todayisnotnearlyassophisticatedasthatofhumans.Andtoanticipateeveryimaginabledrivingsituationisadifficultprogrammingproblem.

Wheneverdecisionsarebasedonmasses