考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京電子科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京電子科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thepollutantscanbe（）hundredsandeventhousandsofkilometersbylargeairmasses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contained

B.conveyed

C.contaminated

D.conserved

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)contain“包含；控制；容納”；B選項(xiàng)convey“傳達(dá)；運(yùn)輸；轉(zhuǎn)移”；C選項(xiàng)contaminate“污染，弄臟”；D選項(xiàng)conserve“保存；將……做成蜜餞”。句意：這大型氣團(tuán)可以將污染物輸送到數(shù)百甚至數(shù)千公里以外的地方。由題干中的“bylargeairmasses通過(guò)大的空氣團(tuán)”可知“轉(zhuǎn)移”符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Througheffortsbyseveralenvironmentalsocieties,theAmericanbuffaloisnolongerindangerofbecomingan（）species.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instinct

B.mistinct

C.distinct

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)instinct“本能；直覺”；B選項(xiàng)mistinct沒有此類詞匯的意思；C選項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的；獨(dú)特的”；D選項(xiàng)extinct“滅絕的；熄滅的”。句意：通過(guò)多個(gè)環(huán)保組織的努力，美國(guó)的水牛不再處于變成……物種的危險(xiǎn)中。施動(dòng)者是environmentalsocieties“環(huán)保社會(huì)”，承受者是Americanbuffalo“美國(guó)的水?！?，結(jié)果是美國(guó)水牛脫離了成為瀕臨滅絕的物種的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,firstdreamedthemupforhis1921play“Possum’sUniversalRobots”.(Theword“robot”comesfromtheCzechwordfordrugery,robota.)Sincethen,Hollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthetheme,fromthesultryFalseMyriainFritzLang’ssilentmasterpiece“Metropolis”tothewitheringC3POin“StarWars”andtheruthlessassassinof“Terminator”.Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconscious,coloringourviewsofthefuture.

ButnowJapan’sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsarealityTheirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimo,afour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15years,itwalkedsofluidlythatitswhitearticulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefaster,friendlierandmoreagile.LastOctober,whenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburgh,itwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.

Attwoandahalffeettall,Sony’sQRIOissmallerandmoretoy-likethanAsimo.Itwalks,understandsasmallnumberofvoicecommands,andcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsover,itgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.ItcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheInternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2003,SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.

In2004,Toyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobots,calledPartner,oneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument’svalves,andithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2010.Thismonth,50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2005InAichi,Japan.

Despitetheirsuddenproliferation,however,humanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld’srobotsarefaceless,footlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactories,stampingoutcarpartsorweldingpiecesofmetal,makingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,businessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2004.Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobots,suchasself-navigatingvacuumcleaners,lawnmowersandwindowwashers,whicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.

1.Inparagraph1theauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating（）.

2.Sony'sQRIOcouldperformallthefollowingtasksEXCEPT（）.

3.FromthepassagewemayinferthatToyota’sPartner（）.

4.Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theideaofhumanoidrobots

B.KarlCapek’screationofrobots

C.Hollywood’sproductionofrobotfilms

D.Theoriginofandpopularmoviesaboutrobots

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.walkingeverywherefreely

B.understandingsomewordsutteredbypeople

C.findingitsway

D.continuingwalkingafteritstumbles

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ismuchbetterthananyotherrobots

B.isnomorethanamechanicdevice

C.maybeputintomassproduction

D.mayspeaklikeman

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.in2004

B.in2005

C.between2003and2004

D.between2004and2005

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Inparagraph1theauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating______.1.在第1段中，作者通過(guò)引用______來(lái)介紹他的主題。

A.theideaofhumanoidrobotsA.人形機(jī)器人的想法

B.KarlCapek’screationofrobotsB.卡爾?恰佩克創(chuàng)造的機(jī)器人

C.Hollywood’sproductionofrobotfilmsC.好萊塢制作的機(jī)器人電影

D.theoriginofandpopularmoviesaboutrobotsD.關(guān)于機(jī)器人的電影的起源和流行

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“類人機(jī)器人的想法并不新鮮。自從捷克作家卡爾?恰佩克在他1921年的戲劇《博森的全能機(jī)器人》中首次構(gòu)想出機(jī)器人以來(lái)，它們就一直是想象圖景的一部分。從那以后，好萊塢就這個(gè)主題制作了無(wú)數(shù)的變種，從弗里茨?朗的無(wú)聲杰作《大都會(huì)》中性感的FalseMyria，到《星球大戰(zhàn)》中冷酷的C3PO，再到《終結(jié)者》中冷酷的刺客。人形機(jī)器人已經(jīng)走進(jìn)了我們的集體潛意識(shí)，為我們對(duì)未來(lái)的看法增添了色彩。”，從中可知，作者通過(guò)講述與機(jī)器人有關(guān)的電影來(lái)引入自己所要講述的話題，即人形機(jī)器人，且舉例的電影有明顯的時(shí)間線，從首次構(gòu)想到人形機(jī)器人已經(jīng)走進(jìn)了我們的集體潛意識(shí)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“關(guān)于機(jī)器人的電影的起源和流行”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“形人機(jī)器人的想法”，這是文章的主題，不符合題干，張冠李戴；

B項(xiàng)“卡爾?恰佩克創(chuàng)造的機(jī)器人”和C項(xiàng)“好萊塢制作的機(jī)器人電影”表述不夠全面，以偏概全。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Sony’sQRIOcouldperformallthefollowingtasksEXCEPT______.2.除了______，索尼的QRIO可以執(zhí)行以下所有任務(wù)。

A.walkingeverywherefreelyA.自由地到處走

B.understandingsomewordsutteredbypeopleB.理解人們說(shuō)的一些話

C.findingitswayC.尋路

D.continuingwalkingafteritstumblesD.在它跌倒后繼續(xù)走

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Sony’sQRIO定位至第三段的描述：索尼的QRIO有2.5英尺高，比Asimo更小，更像玩具。它能走路，能聽懂少量的語(yǔ)音指令，還能自己導(dǎo)航。如果它摔倒了，它會(huì)站起來(lái)，重新回到原來(lái)的位置。它甚至可以無(wú)線連接到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，并廣播它的攝像頭眼睛看到的東西。從中可知，索尼公司的QRIO能走路，能理解少量指令，能獨(dú)立行走，摔倒后還能爬起來(lái)繼續(xù)行走。而A項(xiàng)“自由地到處走”中的everywhere表述太夸張，故該項(xiàng)不正確，但符合題意。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“理解人們說(shuō)的一些話”、C項(xiàng)“尋路”和D項(xiàng)“在它跌倒后繼續(xù)走”都符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.FromthepassagewemayinferthatToyota’sPartner______.3.從文章中我們可以推斷出豐田的合作伙伴______。

A.ismuchbetterthananyotherrobotsA.比任何其他機(jī)器人都好

B.isnomorethanamechanicdeviceB.只不過(guò)是一個(gè)機(jī)械裝置

C.maybeputintomassproductionC.會(huì)投入大量生產(chǎn)

D.mayspeaklikemanD.會(huì)像人一樣說(shuō)話

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Toyota’sPartner定位至倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“豐田希望在2010年之前推出這款機(jī)器人的商用版本”，從中可知，豐田將在2010年之前對(duì)這款機(jī)器人投入量產(chǎn)。故C項(xiàng)“會(huì)投入大量生產(chǎn)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“比任何其他機(jī)器人都好”，文中并沒有將豐田的機(jī)器人與其他機(jī)器人進(jìn)行比較，無(wú)中生有；

B項(xiàng)“只不過(guò)是一個(gè)機(jī)械裝置”和D項(xiàng)“會(huì)像人一樣說(shuō)話”沒有提到，無(wú)中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten______.4.從上下文判斷，這篇文章可能寫于______。

A.in2004A.2004年

B.in2005B.2005年

C.between2003and2004C.2003年至2004年之間

D.between2004and2005D.2004年至2005年之間

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“本月，50個(gè)‘伙伴’機(jī)器人將在日本愛知舉行的2005年世博會(huì)上擔(dān)任導(dǎo)游”，從thismonth可推斷，本文可能寫于2005年。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“2004年”、C項(xiàng)“2003年至2004年之間”和D項(xiàng)“2004年至2005年之間”都不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

4.單選題

Iftheuniversalityofimmersion-stylelanguageprograms,emergencytestprepclasses,tiredcollegekidsisanyindication,cramming(臨時(shí)抱佛腳)isawildlypopularstudystrategy.Professorsfrownuponityetconspirebysqueezingvasttopicslike“Evolution”or“Worldhistory1914topresent”intothelastweekofacourse.Soiscrammingeffectiveornot?AnewstudybyUC-SanDiegopsychologistsconfirmswhatyoumaysuspectdeepdown:Theanswerisno.Hurriedmemorizationisahopelessapproachforretaininginformation.Butit’snotallbadnews.Theteamoffersapreciseformulaforbetterstudyhabits,anditdoesn’tnecessarilyneeddoggeddisciplineandroutine.

Toarriveattheirprescription,thescientiststestedthe“spacingeffect”onlong-termmemory.Inotherwords,theywantedtoknowhowthetimegapbetweenstudysessionsinfluencestheabilitytoremembermaterialontestday.Theyasked1,354volunteerstomemorize32trivialfacts,suchas“Whoinventedsnowgolf.”(RudyardKipling)and“WhatEuropeannationconsumesthemostspicyMexicanfood”(Norway).Participantsreviewedtheanswersanywherefromseveralminutestoseveralmonthsafterfirstlearningthem,andthenweretesteduptoayearlater.

ThefindingsStudentsperformbetterwhentheyspacetheirstudysessionsratherthanwhentheytrytocrameverythingintotheirheadsduringonesitting.Butforthosewhomustcram,timingiseverything.Accordingtotheresearchers,ifyouhaveonlyonedateonwhichtostudy,chooseadaythat’sclosertowhenyoufirstlearnedthematerialthanwhenyoutakethetest—butnottooclose.Forinstance,ifyouhaveaFrenchlessononMondayandaquizthefollowingMonday,youshouldstudyonWednesdayformaximumretention.TuesdayistooearlyandSundayistoolate.Ifyouwanttoremembersomethingforayear,waitaboutamonthtoreviewwhatyoulearned.

HalPashler,oneoftheleadauthors,suspectsthatmostcrammersdon’trealizetheerroroftheirways.“Eveninthescientificcommunity,cram-typesummercoursesonnewresearchmethodsareextremelypopular,”hetoldmeinanemail.“AndIhaveneverheardpeoplewhotakethesecoursesevennoticethefactthattheyareaperfectprescriptionforrapidforgetting.”

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeprofessors’attitudetowardcramming?

2.

AccordingtoParagraph1,thenewstudyoncramming（）.

3.InParagraph2theauthormainlydescribes（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,themostimportantcrammingstrategyis（）.

5.Bymentioningthesciencecommunity,HalPashlertriestostressthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Rationallyrejecting.

B.Reasonablyignoring.

C.Readilyaccepting.

D.Reluctantlyhelping.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.provesthecorrectnessofthegeneralunderstanding

B.makesusconfusedabouthowtounderstandit

C.pointsouttheproblemsofthepopulartheories

D.raisesquestionsastowhatshouldbeavoided

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thenecessityofthetest

B.theprocedureofthetest

C.theselectionofthetestsubjects

D.thecontentofthetestquestions

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.puttingthingsintocategory

B.dividingthestudysession

C.lengtheningthereviewsession

D.choosingtheoptimalreviewtime

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.peoplearenotfullyawareoftheproblemswithcramming

B.itisimportanttodevelopbetterstudyhabitsthancramming

C.forgettingisoneofthemajornegativeeffectsofcramming

D.sciencepeopleshouldtaketheleadingivingupcramming

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段中的“Professorsfrownuponityetconspirebysqueezingvasttopicslike‘Evolution’or‘Worldhistory1914topresent’intothelastweekofacourse.（教授們對(duì)此并不贊成，但他們會(huì)在課程的最后一周，把‘進(jìn)化論’或‘1914年世界史’這樣的大話題擠到課堂上，共同密謀。）”很好地詮釋了教授們對(duì)臨時(shí)抱佛腳的態(tài)度，即理性地拒絕。B選項(xiàng)“合理的忽略”；C選項(xiàng)“欣然接受”；D選項(xiàng)“不情愿的幫助”都不能代表教授們的態(tài)度，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。文章第一段主要闡明了臨時(shí)抱佛腳式學(xué)習(xí)策略以及教授們對(duì)此的態(tài)度，還有關(guān)于該學(xué)習(xí)策略的研究。文中“Soiscrammingeffectiveornot?AnewstudybyUC-SanDiegopsychologistsconfirmswhatyoumaysuspectdeepdown:Theanswerisno.（那么死記硬背到底有效還是無(wú)效呢？加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的心理學(xué)家進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新研究證實(shí)了你內(nèi)心深處的猜測(cè)：答案是否定的。）”說(shuō)明該研究證明了一般人的理解是正確的，所以選擇A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“讓我們對(duì)如何理解它感到困惑”文中沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“指出流行理論的問題”也不符合段意；D選項(xiàng)“提出了應(yīng)該避免什么的問題”也沒有提到，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。第二段主要描述了專家進(jìn)行的研究?！癟heyasked1,354volunteerstomemorize32trivialfacts,suchas‘Whoinventedsnowgolf.’(RudyardKipling)and‘WhatEuropeannationconsumesthemostspicyMexicanfood’(Norway).Participantsreviewedtheanswersanywherefromseveralminutestoseveralmonthsafterfirstlearningthem,andthenweretesteduptoayearlater.（他們要求1354名志愿者記住32件小事，比如‘誰(shuí)發(fā)明了雪高爾夫球’（拉迪亞德?吉卜林）。和‘歐洲哪個(gè)國(guó)家吃的墨西哥菜最辣’（挪威）。在第一次學(xué)習(xí)答案后，參與者在幾分鐘到幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)答案進(jìn)行復(fù)核，然后在一年后進(jìn)行測(cè)試。）”這句話主要描述了該研究的程序，并沒有側(cè)重于A選項(xiàng)“研究的必要性”，也沒有側(cè)重于C選項(xiàng)“研究對(duì)象的選擇”，更沒有側(cè)重于D選項(xiàng)“測(cè)試的內(nèi)容”，即描述32件小事的內(nèi)容，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段中的“Butforthosewhomustcram,timingiseverything.（但對(duì)于那些必須死記硬背的人來(lái)說(shuō)，時(shí)機(jī)就是一切。）”指出死記硬背最重要的就是選擇好記憶時(shí)機(jī)。A選項(xiàng)“把東西分類”；B選項(xiàng)“劃分學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)節(jié)”；C選項(xiàng)“延長(zhǎng)復(fù)習(xí)期”都沒有提到，因此D選項(xiàng)“選擇最佳的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間”正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段中的“HalPashler,oneoftheleadauthors,suspectsthatmostcrammersdon’trealizetheerroroftheirways.‘Eveninthescientificcommunity,cram-typesummercoursesonnewresearchmethodsareextremelypopular,’hetoldmeinanemail.（該研究的主要作者之一哈爾?帕什勒（HalPashler）在一封電子郵件中告訴我他懷疑大多數(shù)死記硬背式學(xué)習(xí)的人沒有意識(shí)到他們學(xué)習(xí)方法的錯(cuò)誤。即使在科學(xué)界，關(guān)于新研究方法的臨時(shí)暑期課程也非常受歡迎。）”說(shuō)到大多數(shù)人并沒有完全意識(shí)到死記硬背這個(gè)方法的不可行，盡管在科學(xué)界也是如此。B選項(xiàng)“養(yǎng)成更好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣比死記硬背更重要”原文沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“遺忘是死記硬背的主要負(fù)面影響之一”與題干無(wú)關(guān)；D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)人應(yīng)該帶頭放棄死記硬背”文中也沒有提到，因此A選項(xiàng)“人們沒有完全意識(shí)到死記硬背的問題”正確。

5.單選題

Adversecircumstancescompelledhimtoclosehisbusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unfamiliar

B.local

C.unfavorable

D.good

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：……環(huán)境迫使他關(guān)閉了生意。A選項(xiàng)unfamiliar“不熟悉的，沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”；B選項(xiàng)local“當(dāng)?shù)氐模植康摹?；C選項(xiàng)unfavorable“不利的，不宜的”；D選項(xiàng)good“好的”。根據(jù)下文的“closehisbusiness”可知，肯定是不好的環(huán)境導(dǎo)致他停業(yè)，adverse意為“不利的”，選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

6.單選題

Our（

）withthePresidentattheairportwasexciting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrival

B.encounter

C.endeavor

D.refreshment

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意:我們?cè)跈C(jī)場(chǎng)偶遇總統(tǒng),這真的令人激動(dòng)不已。只有選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Stadiumsandgymnasiumsarejustsomeofthetown’slocal______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amenities

B.amendments

C.ameliorations

D.amusements

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)amenity“生活福利設(shè)施，便利設(shè)施”，B項(xiàng)amendment“（法律、文件的）改動(dòng)，修改”，C項(xiàng)amelioration“改進(jìn)，改善”，D項(xiàng)amusement“消遣，娛樂”。由stadiums（體育場(chǎng)）和gymnasiums（體育館）可知，A項(xiàng)符合。句意：體育場(chǎng)和體育館只是鎮(zhèn)上的一些地方設(shè)施。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Susanisstudyingalgebraandgeometry,and（）she’stakingmicrocomputerlessons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inamoment

B.inbrief

C.inaddition

D.inconclusion

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inamoment“立刻，立即”；inbrief“簡(jiǎn)言之”；inaddition“另外，此外”；inconclusion“總之，最后”。句意：Susan正在學(xué)習(xí)代數(shù)和幾何學(xué)，此外，她還在學(xué)習(xí)微型計(jì)算機(jī)課程。and表示并列關(guān)系，代數(shù)，幾何，微型計(jì)算機(jī)課程都是并列關(guān)系，故C項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

WhensomeAmericansspeakofthevirtuesofEnglish,theyalmostalwaysbeginbyglorifyingitsenormousvocabulary,whichisatleasttwiceaslargeasthatofanyotherlanguage.Butthisisnotwhatenchantstheforeigner;onthecontrary,thevastreachesofthevocabularynaturallyalarmhim.Thethingthatreallywinshimistheclarityandsimplicityofthelanguage.Weuse,forallourstoreofLatinpolysyllables,agreatmanymoreshortwordsthanlongones,andwearealwaystryingtomakethelongonesshort.Whatwasoncepuniligrionisnowpun;whatwasgasolineonlyyesterdayisalreadygas.NootherEuropeanlanguagehassomanythree-letterwords,norsomanyfour-wordsayings.“Firstcome,firstserved”—thatistypicallyEnglish,foritisbold,plain,andshort.

【答案】當(dāng)一些美國(guó)人談及英語(yǔ)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)時(shí)，幾乎總是一開始就贊美其詞匯量之龐大，英語(yǔ)的詞匯比任何其他語(yǔ)言的詞匯至少多一倍。然而，吸引外國(guó)人的并不是詞匯量大，相反，浩瀚的詞匯很容易令外國(guó)人擔(dān)憂。真正贏得外國(guó)人的是英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)練和淳樸的特征。盡管英語(yǔ)中有大量的源于拉丁文的多音節(jié)詞，但我們卻更多地使用短語(yǔ)，少用長(zhǎng)詞。而且，我們總是努力把長(zhǎng)詞縮短。以前使用puniligrion，現(xiàn)在縮短成了pun；昨天還是gasoline，今天已成為gas。歐洲沒有任何一種其他語(yǔ)言有這么多由三個(gè)字母構(gòu)成的單詞，也沒有如此多由四個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)言?！癋irstcomes,firstserved（先到先供應(yīng)）”便是典型的英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樗荒苛巳?、樸?shí)無(wú)華、短小精悍。

10.單選題

TheForeignMinistryholdsweeklypressconferencesto（）reporters（）thelatestdevelopmentindiplomacy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confer...upon

B.burden...with

C.fill...inon

D.adjust...to

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配辨析。fillsB.inon為固定搭配,意為"詳細(xì)告訴某人"。句意：外交部每周舉行新聞發(fā)布會(huì),詳細(xì)向記者介紹外交的最新發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.填空題

The18th-centuryGeneva-bornphilosopherJeanJacquesRousseaupromoteda(n)________viewofeducationthatemphasizedtheimportanceofindividualself-expression.(influence)

【答案】influential

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)橫線前的a(n)和橫線后的view，可知橫線處為形容詞，用來(lái)形容view。influential的意思為“有很大影響的”，符合語(yǔ)境，指的是盧梭的教育觀對(duì)世界影響很大。

【句意】18世紀(jì)日內(nèi)瓦出生的哲學(xué)家盧梭提出了一種有影響力的教育觀，即強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人自我表達(dá)的重要性。

12.單選題

Themodernhugebuildinglooks______inthatold-fashionedvillage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.immeasurable

B.inopportune

C.incongruous

D.importunate

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.immeasurable不可估量的；無(wú)限的B.inopportune不合時(shí)宜的

C.incongruous不合適的；不相稱的D.importunate再三要求的；糾纏不休的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“這座現(xiàn)代化的巨大建筑看起來(lái)______在那個(gè)老式的村莊里”可知，現(xiàn)代建筑和老式房屋是不相協(xié)調(diào)的，所以空格處表示“不協(xié)調(diào)的，不相稱的”符合句意，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】這座現(xiàn)代化的高樓大廈在那個(gè)老式村莊里顯得很不協(xié)調(diào)。

13.單選題

Someoftheideasareverysimpleandsoundintuitivelyplausible.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.directly

B.reasonably

C.frankly

D.instinctively

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)directly“直接地；立即；馬上”；B選項(xiàng)reasonably“合理地；相當(dāng)?shù)?；適度地”；C選項(xiàng)frankly“坦率地；老實(shí)說(shuō)”；D選項(xiàng)instinctively“本能地”。intuitively意為“直觀地；直覺地”，D選項(xiàng)的意思最為接近。句意：有些想法非常簡(jiǎn)單，聽起來(lái)覺得很有道理。

14.單選題

Thisbookisexpectedto____thebest-sellerlists.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.promote

B.prevail

C.dominate

D.exemplify

【答案】C

【解析】

【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.promote促進(jìn)；推動(dòng)B.prevail普遍存在；盛行；流行

C.dominate支配；控制；左右；影響D.exemplify是……的典型（或典范、榜樣）

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：這本書有望……暢銷書排行榜。根據(jù)句意，這本書應(yīng)該是能夠在排行榜上居榜首，因此選C選項(xiàng)dominate“支配；控制；左右；影響”支配榜首可引申為在排行榜上占主導(dǎo)地位的意思，符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】這本書有望在暢銷書排行榜上占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。

15.單選題

Becauseofthemassiveoilspillageinthegulf,boththeplantandanimallivesintheareaarein（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destiny

B.amenity

C.jeopardy

D.tragedy

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。destiny"命運(yùn),天命";amenity"娛樂設(shè)施";jeopardy"危險(xiǎn),危難";injeopardy指處于危險(xiǎn)境地;tragedy"災(zāi)難,悲劇"。句意：由于海灣大量石油泄漏，該地區(qū)的動(dòng)植物都處于危險(xiǎn)之中。選項(xiàng)C正確。

16.單選題

IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay（

）rolesinraisingchildren.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incapable

B.indispensable

C.insensible

D.infinite

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。incapable無(wú)能力的，不能勝任的；indispensable不可缺少的；insensible昏迷的，無(wú)知覺的；infinite無(wú)限的。

句意：在中國(guó)家庭中，祖父母和其他親戚在撫養(yǎng)孩子方面扮演著不可或缺的角色。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

17.單選題

Sincemarketreformswereinstitutedinthelate1970s,Chinahasbeenamongthemostrapidlygrowingeconomiesintheworld,regularly（）10percentGDPgrowthannually.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceeded

B.exceeding

C.hasexceeded

D.havingexceeded

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意：自上世紀(jì)70年代末實(shí)行市場(chǎng)改革以來(lái)，中國(guó)一直是世界上增長(zhǎng)最快的經(jīng)濟(jì)體之一，每年的GDP增長(zhǎng)率經(jīng)常超過(guò)10%。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hasbeen，所以填空處應(yīng)填入非謂語(yǔ)，由此可首先排除C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)；其次，這里應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示超過(guò)的狀態(tài)，而且超過(guò)是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

18.單選題

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet,eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax,asatellitefromtheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite’scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshuttlein1984.max’sobservationsindicatethatsolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.Thesatellite’sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent,smallvariationintheSun’senergyoutput,generallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsontheSun’sdisk.SunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun'ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargesunspotgroups.In1980,forexample,SolarMax’sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timesthantheEarth'ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax'sdatahaveindicatedaslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput,somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadropinthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed,however,bycomparingSolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whyisitnotpossibletomeasurethesolarconstantaccuratelywithoutasatellite?

2.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

3.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（

）.

4.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheEarthistoofarfromtheSun.

B.SomeareasonEarthreceivemoresolarenergythanothers.

C.Thereisnotenoughsunlightduringtheday.

D.TheEarth’satmosphereinterfereswiththesunlight.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax'sinstrumentsweregettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolarMax’sdetectors.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth'satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到“Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.大氣中的氣體分子和塵埃粒子吸收和散射陽(yáng)光，阻止某些波長(zhǎng)的光到達(dá)地面?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“地球的大氣層干擾陽(yáng)光。”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由本文的最后一段，“AlthoughSolarMax'sdatahaveindicatedaslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput,somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadropinthesolarconstant.盡管SolarMax的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，太陽(yáng)的產(chǎn)出在緩慢而穩(wěn)定地下降，但一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，隨著時(shí)間的推移，衛(wèi)星上老化的探測(cè)器可能變得不那么敏感，從而錯(cuò)誤地顯示出太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的下降?！毙l(wèi)星探測(cè)器由于歷經(jīng)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，對(duì)太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的敏感度有所下降。可知C項(xiàng)“SolarMax的探測(cè)器變老舊了”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段第一句“Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的長(zhǎng)期變化更難確定?！笨芍獙?duì)太陽(yáng)常數(shù)測(cè)量的嘗試被認(rèn)為是持續(xù)的一種研究過(guò)程，因此科研人員想要測(cè)量太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的努力還需要繼續(xù)。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。本篇文章作者主要闡述的是在科學(xué)家研發(fā)出太陽(yáng)衛(wèi)星后，可以對(duì)太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的恒量測(cè)出比較精確的值，但是測(cè)量的過(guò)程中有其他外界因素的干擾，從而導(dǎo)致測(cè)量結(jié)果不是那么準(zhǔn)確?？芍狢項(xiàng)“測(cè)量太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的變化”正確。

19.單選題

Doctorsareoftencaughtina（

）becausetheyhavetodecidewhethertheyshouldtelltheirpatientsthetruthornot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puzzle

B.perplexity

C.dilemma

D.bewilderment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。puzzle“迷，難題”；perplexity“困惑，混亂”；dilemma“進(jìn)退兩難的境地”；bewilderment“困惑，迷亂”。句意：醫(yī)生常常陷入進(jìn)退兩難的境地，因?yàn)樗麄儾恢朗欠駪?yīng)該告訴病人真相。由后半句句意可推測(cè)醫(yī)生處于進(jìn)退兩難的境地，故C項(xiàng)正確。

20.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.

Today’spolicemeninlargecitiesthroughouttheworldrelyonmoderninventionstohelpthemintheirwork.Inmostplacesmotor-scootersandpolicepatrolcarshavedoneawaywiththeneedtopatrolonfootoronhorseback.Policemenusetelephone,convenientlylocatedthroughouttheirdistricts,tomakeimmediatecontactwithheadquarters.Radio,television,andcomputershelptospeedtheworkofthemodernforce.Evenboatsandhelicoptersarepartoftheequipmentofmetropolitanpolicedepartments.Newtechnicalinventionsarewidelyusedtofightcrimeandspeedthesolutionofcriminalcases.Electroniccomputersreducefromhourstominutesthetimespentinsearchingforfingerprints.Witness’sdescriptionsofacriminalarecodedandfedintoacomputer.Themachinethensortsthroughthepicturefileofknowncriminalsandselectsthenameandphotographofthemostlikelysuspect.Liedetectorsareusedtouncoverthetruth.

【答案】今天，全球很多大城市的警察都借助現(xiàn)代發(fā)明進(jìn)行工作。在大多數(shù)地方，駕駛小摩托車和警察巡邏車已經(jīng)取代了步行或在馬背上巡邏的做法。各區(qū)便捷的電話網(wǎng)使警察能及時(shí)與總部取得聯(lián)系；無(wú)線電、電視、計(jì)算機(jī)也有助于提高現(xiàn)代警察的工作效率；甚至連船只和直升機(jī)也成了一些大城市警察部門的裝備。新技術(shù)發(fā)明廣泛運(yùn)用于打擊犯罪，加速案件偵破，計(jì)算機(jī)將搜索指紋所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間由幾小時(shí)減少到幾分鐘。證人對(duì)罪犯的描述被編碼并輸入計(jì)算機(jī)，計(jì)算機(jī)將所掌握的罪犯照片案卷進(jìn)行分類，選出重大嫌疑犯的姓名和照片；測(cè)謊儀也用于幫助揭露真相。

21.單選題

Thewoodencasesmustbesecuredbyoverallmetalstrappingsothattheycanbestrongenoughtostandroughhandlingduring（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transit

B.motion

C.shift

D.traffic

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)transit“搬運(yùn)”；B選項(xiàng)motion“運(yùn)動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)shift“轉(zhuǎn)移”；D選項(xiàng)traffic“交通”。句意：木箱必須用整體金屬帶固定，這樣才能保證木箱在運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中足夠堅(jiān)固，經(jīng)得起粗暴的搬運(yùn)。本句表示木箱的搬運(yùn)過(guò)程，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Afterlosingthecourtcasethecompanybecamesomethingofa_______jokeinthebusinessworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standing

B.steady

C.persisting

D.settled

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。standing“長(zhǎng)期有效的，固定的”；steady“穩(wěn)定的”；persisting“堅(jiān)持”；settled“固定的”。句意：自從輸?shù)袅斯偎局?，公司就成了業(yè)內(nèi)的笑話。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。standingjoke“常令人發(fā)笑的笑料”.

23.填空題

Directions:Inthissectionthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).

HighereducationtakesahardlookatthePhDandfindsmuchthatneedschanging.

StudentsenteringdoctoralprogramsinalldisciplinesintheU.S.oftenexpectthey’llonedaydevotethemselvestoresearchatamajorinstitution,justastheirownprofessorsdo.It’stowardthisendthatmostdoctoralprogramsgeartheirtraining.

That’swhyitcancomeasashockwhenstudentslearnthathalfofPhDsinthesciencesandengineeringworkoutsidetheacademicworld.Manyofthosewhostayworkatsmaller,teaching-intensiveuniversities,notatthemajorresearchinstitutionsthattrainthem.

Asagrowingnumberofstudentsseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities,they’resoundinganalarmthattheirtrainingneedstochange.

“Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.Becauseofthat,studentsneedpreparationtobesomethingotherthanacademics,”saysKristiLemn,whorecentlyearnedherdoctoratefromYaleUniversity.“It’snotthatstudentsshouldallcomeinnotexpectingtobeacademics—it’smorethattheyneedmoreoptionsforatoughjobmarket.”

AgrowingcropofeducatorsagreethatPhDtrainingneedsclosescrutiny.“It’stimetotakestockofwhatwe’redoingindoctoraltraining,”saysCynthiaBelar,theAmericanPsychologyAssociation’sexecutivedirectorforeducation.

“Wemayattimesbetoonarrowlyfocusedontrainingforparticularcareerpaths.Wemustfosterthecriticalthinkingandadaptiveskillsrequiredforachangingworld,orweriskfailingourstudents.”

Afocalpointofthemovementtoscrutinizedoctoraltraininghasbeen“Re-envisioningthePhD,’’alarge-scaleprojectfundedbythePewCharitableTrusts.HeadingtheprojectistheUniversityofWashington’s(UW)JodyNyquist.

“We’relookingathowwecangetthePhDexperiencetoincludeawiderrangeofprofessionalpreparation,”saysNyquist,associatedeanintheUWgraduateschool.

LeeShulman,presidentoftheCarnegieFoundationfortheAdvancementofTeaching,saidallfieldsoughttomorestronglyemphasizethat“beingadoctormeansbeingstewardofone’sdiscipline,whetherthatbeinindustry,governmentoracademics.AcoupleofdecadesfromnowtherewillstillbesomethingcalledthePhDineveryfield,”predictsShulman.

Questions:(注意：答題盡量簡(jiǎn)短，超過(guò)十個(gè)詞要扣分。每條橫線上限寫一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不占格。)

41.Whatdrivesstudentstoenterdoctoralprograms?

________________________________________

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42.Accordingtothepassage,what’sashocktostudents?

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43.Increasingstudentsaresoundinganalarmthatdoctoraltrainingisinneedofchangesbecause________.

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44.Whyshouldthestudentspreparesomethingotherthanacademics?

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45.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindsofpeoplearerequiredforachangingworld?

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【答