軟件模式之狀態(tài)模式簡易電梯調(diào)度問題含源碼

軟件構(gòu)造第5次實驗實驗報告班級:學(xué)號:姓名:2016年4月20日

一.設(shè)計1.本次實驗旨在通過對電梯調(diào)度控制器系統(tǒng)的模擬來進(jìn)一步理解和掌握狀態(tài)模式。首先，我們類比了糖果機(jī)的狀態(tài)圖，經(jīng)過多次的修改，完成了以上的狀態(tài)圖。如圖所示，一部電梯的初始狀態(tài)是IdleState空閑狀態(tài)，當(dāng)有人按下上/下樓按鈕時，若電梯位于當(dāng)前樓層，則直接開/關(guān)門(OpenOrCloseState)；若電梯位于其他樓層，則需要先運行(RunState)至乘客所在的樓層，當(dāng)運行至乘客所在樓層，轉(zhuǎn)換至開/關(guān)門(OpenOrCloseState)，然后電梯進(jìn)入空閑狀態(tài)(IdleState)，當(dāng)乘客進(jìn)入電梯后按下電梯內(nèi)的樓層數(shù)字按鈕時，電梯進(jìn)入運行狀態(tài)(RunState)，將乘客送至所需的樓層。

StateidleStateStateopenOrDownStateStaterunStateStatestateintourrentFloorintdestinationFloorScheduler+numberButtonWasPushed()4-upOrDownButtonWasPushed()A+setState()+setCurrentFloor))+setDestinationFloor()+open()+chse()+getldleStated+getOpenOrCtoseState()Scheduler+numberButtonWasPushed()4-upOrDownButtonWasPushed()A+setState()+setCurrentFloor))+setDestinationFloor()+open()+chse()+getldleStated+getOpenOrCtoseState()+getRunStatef)+getCurrentFIdof()+getDestinationFlDQr()+getState(J+taString()+numberButtonWasPushed()+upOrDownButtonWasPushed()-FarriveStartingl)4-arriveDestination()Schedulerscheduler4-pushUpOrDownButton()+pushNumberButton()Elevatorelevator+numberButtonWasPushed()+upOrDownButtonWasPushed()4-arriveStarting()+arriveDestination()Elevatorelevator+numberButtonWasPushed()+upOrDownButtonWasPushed()4-arriveStanting()+arriveDestination()Elevatorelevator+numberButtonWasPushed()+upOrDownButtonWasPushed()4-arriveStarting()4arriveDestination().基于狀態(tài)模式的電梯調(diào)度控制器系統(tǒng)如上圖所示。狀態(tài)模式，即允許對象在內(nèi)部狀態(tài)改變時改變它的行為，對象看起來好像是修改了它的類。在狀態(tài)模式中，客戶不會直接和狀態(tài)交互，只有Context才會對狀態(tài)提出請求。.從UML類圖中可以看到，我們?yōu)殡娞蓊?Elevator)提供了獲得各個狀態(tài)的對象方法，即getIdleState()等，這些方法是用于各個具體狀態(tài)類來實現(xiàn)狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的，如下圖所示：publicvoidjpDrDownEuttonWasPushed(intfloor)-[System.out.printIn(riYojpasbedtheUpOrDownButton.ri);if(floor=="已寸己匚口工.自已9口工工.”1口口士【))■[一若電梯位于熊客來自的樓層直接開門elevator.setState(elevator.getOpenOrClosestate());收工氏｛//若電梯當(dāng)前位于其他樓層,應(yīng)先運行至乘客所在的樓層elevator.setState(elevator.getRunState());elevator.setDestinationFloor(floor);setState()方法的參數(shù)應(yīng)該是對象而非類，因為可以有多部電梯，而不同電梯同一時刻的狀態(tài)可能是不同的，為了保證電梯之間的狀態(tài)不會產(chǎn)生混亂，我們需要在Elevator類中提供能夠返回每種狀態(tài)的對象的方法。二.實現(xiàn)I.State/**狀態(tài)接口@authorYilia*/publicinterfaceState{voidnumberButtonWasPushed(intfloor);//按下樓層數(shù)字按鈕(電梯內(nèi)部)參數(shù)為需要到達(dá)的樓層voidupOrDownButtonWasPushed(intfloor);//按下上/下按鈕(電梯外部)參數(shù)表示乘客來自哪一個樓層voidarriveStarting();//到達(dá)任務(wù)開始的樓層voidarriveDestination();//至九達(dá)目的的樓層)2.IdleState/**空閑狀態(tài)@authorYilia**/publicclassIdleStateimplementsState{Elevatorelevator;//intcurrentFloor;publicIdleState(Elevatorelevator){this.elevator=elevator;)publicvoidnumberButtonWasPushed(intfloor){System.out.println("YoupushedtheNumberButton.");elevator.setState(elevator.getRunState());elevator.setDestinationFloor(floor);)publicvoidupOrDownButtonWasPushed(intfloor){System.out.println("YoupushedtheUpOrDownButton.");if(floor==elevator.getCurrentF100r()){//若電梯位于乘客來自的樓層直接開門elevator.setState(elevator.getOpenOrCloseState());}else{//若電梯當(dāng)前位于其他樓層，應(yīng)先運行至乘客所在的樓層elevator.setState(elevator.getRunState());elevator.setDestinationFloor(floor);}}publicvoidarriveStarting(){System.out.println("YouhavetopushtheUpOrDownButton.");}publicvoidarriveDestination(){System.out.println("Thereisnooneintheelevator.");}}3.OpenOrCloseState/***開/關(guān)門*@authorYilia**/publicclassOpenOrCloseStateimplementsState{Elevatorelevator;//intfloor;publicOpenOrCloseState(Elevatorelevator){this.elevator=elevator;}publicvoidnumberButtonWasPushed(intfloor){elevator.setState(elevator.getIdleState());}publicvoidupOrDownButtonWasPushed(intfloor){elevator.setState(elevator.getIdleState());}publicvoidarriveStarting(){elevator.setState(elevator.getIdleState());)publicvoidarriveDestination(){elevator.setState(elevator.getIdleState());))4.RunTimeState/***運行狀態(tài)*@authorYilia**/publicclassRunStateimplementsState{Elevatorelevator;intDestinationFloor;publicRunState(Elevatorelevator){this.elevator=elevator;)publicvoidnumberButtonWasPushed(intfloor){System.out.println("Theelevatorisrunningnow!");)publicvoidupOrDownButtonWasPushed(intfloor){System.out.println("Pleasewaitamunite.");)publicvoidarriveStarting(){elevator.setCurrentF100r(elevator.getDestinationF100r());System.out.println("Theelevatorarriveatthe"+elevator.getCurrentF100r()+"floor.");elevator.setState(elevator.getOpenOrCloseState());elevator.open();//人上電梯elevator.close();)publicvoidarriveDestination(){elevator.setCurrentF100r(elevator.getDestinationF100r());System.out.print1n("Theelevatorarriveatthe"+elevator.getCurrentF100r()+"floor.");elevator.setState(elevator.getOpenOrCloseState());elevator.open();//人下電梯elevator.close();)5.Elevator/**對應(yīng)GumballMachine@authorYilia**/publicclassElevator//三個狀態(tài)StateidleState;StateopenOrCloseState;StaterunState;Statestate=idleState;//State實例變量intcurrentFloor=1;//將當(dāng)前樓層初始化為1樓intdestinationFloor=-1;//將目的樓層初始化為負(fù)數(shù)//構(gòu)造器：為每一個狀態(tài)創(chuàng)建狀態(tài)實例，默認(rèn)電梯從1樓publicElevator(){//this.level=level;idleState=newIdleState(this);openOrCloseState=newOpenOrCloseState(this);runState=newRunState(this);state=idleState;)//構(gòu)造器:取得當(dāng)前所在的樓層，為每一個狀態(tài)創(chuàng)建狀態(tài)實例publicElevator(intfloor){this.currentFloor=floor;idleState=newIdleState(this);openOrCloseState=newOpenOrCloseState(this);runState=newRunState(this);state=idleState;)//將動作委托到當(dāng)前狀態(tài)//注意：ArriveStarting()和ArriveDestanation()動作方法是內(nèi)部的動作，用戶不可以直接讓電梯到達(dá)樓層publicvoidnumberButtonWasPushed(intfloor){state.numberButtonWasPushed(floor);state.arriveDestination();)publicvoidupOrDownButtonWasPushed(intfloor){state.upOrDownButtonWasPushed(floor);state.arriveStarting();)//允許狀態(tài)對象改變機(jī)器的狀態(tài)voidsetState(Statestate){this.state=state;)voidsetDestinationFloor(intfloor){this.destinationFloor=floor;)voidsetCurrentF100r(intfloor){this.currentFloor=floor;)//開關(guān)門voidopen(){System.out.println("Thedoorisopen.");)voidclose(){System.out.println("Thedoorisclose.");)// //到達(dá)指定樓層的輔助方法// voidarrive(intfloor){// System.out.println("Theelevatorisgoingtothe"+getF100r()+”floor...");7

//this.floorfloor;//this.floorfloor;// )//GetterpublicStategetIdleState(){returnidleState;)publicStategetOpenOrCloseState(){returnopenOrCloseState;)publicStategetRunState(){returnrunState;)publicintgetCurrentF100r(){returncurrentFloor;)publicintgetDestinationF100r(){returndestinationFloor;)publicStategetState(){returnstate;)//toString()publicStringtoString(){\nCurrentreturn"ELEVATOR\n"+"CurrentFloor:"+getCurrentF100r()+State:"+getState()+"\n";\nCurrent))6.Scheduler/**對應(yīng)GumballMachine@authorYilia*/publicclassScheduler{Elevatorelevator_1;Elevatorelevator_2;intfloor;publicScheduler(){elevator_1=newElevator();elevator_2=newElevator();)publicElevatorupOrDownButtonWasPushed(){if((elevator_1.getState()==elevator_1.getIdleState())&&(elevator_2.getState()==elevator_2.getIdleState())){//若都空閑，選擇離得近的intcha_1=Math.abs(elevator_1.currentFloor-floor);intcha_2=Math.abs(elevator_2.currentFloor-floor);intmin=Math.min(cha_1,cha_2);if(min==cha_1){returnelevator_1;}else{returnelevator_2;}}elseif(elevator_1.getState()==elevator_1.getIdleState()){//1號電梯空閑returnelevator_1;}elseif(elevator_2.getState()==elevator_2.getIdleState()){//2號電梯空閑returnelevator_2;}else{System.out.println("Pleasewait.Allelevatorsarebasy!");returnnull;}}publicElevatorupOrDownButtonWasPushed(intfloor){this.floor=floor;if((elevator_1.getState()==elevator_1.getIdleState())&&(elevator_2.getState()==elevator_2.getIdleState())){//若都空閑，選擇離得近的intcha_1=Math.abs(elevator_1.currentFloor-floor);intcha_2=Math.abs(elevator_2.currentFloor-floor);intmin=Math.min(cha_1,cha_2);if(min==cha1){elevator_1.upOrDownButtonWasPushed(floor);returnelevator_1;}else{elevator_2.upOrDownButtonWasPushed(floor);returnelevator_2;}}elseif(elevator_1.getState()==elevator_1.getIdleState()){//1號電梯空閑elevator_1.upOrDownButtonWasPushed(floor);returnelevator_1;}elseif(elevator_2.getState()==elevator_2.getIdleState()){//2號電梯空閑elevator_2.upOrDownButtonWasPushed(floor);returnelevator_2;}else{System.out.println("Pleasewait.Allelevatorsarebasy!");returnnull;}}publicvoidnumberButtonWasPushed(intdestinationFloor){if(upOrDownButtonWasPushed()!=null){upOrDownButtonWasPushed().numberButtonWasPushed(destinationFloor);}else{System.out.println("Pleasewait.Allelevatorsarebasy!");}}}7.PersonpublicclassPerson{Schedulerscheduler;publicPerson(Schedulerscheduler){this.scheduler=scheduler;}voidpushUpOrDownButton(intfloor){scheduler.upOrDownButtonWasPushed(floor);}voidpushNumberButton(intdestination){scheduler.numberButtonWasPushed(destination);;}}108.ClientpublicclassClient{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]aegs){Schedulerscheduler=newScheduler。；Personperson=newPerson(scheduler);person.pushUpOrDownButton(2);person.pushNumberButton(1);))運行結(jié)果：生問題叵Javadoc^聲明且控制臺滉|Client[1][Java A:\Java\jre\bin\javaw.exeYojplanedtneUpOrDownTheelevatorarriveatthe2floor.Thedoorisopen.Thedoorisclose.YojpushedtheNumberButton.Theelevatorarriveatt