考研考博-英語-吉林藝術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林藝術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thetigercontinuedto（

）usbywalkingroundandroundourtent.

問題1選項

A.trap

B.transplant

C.menace

D.provoke

【答案】C

【解析】trap誘騙,設陷阱；transplant移植；menace威脅,恐嚇；provoke激怒,煽動。句意:老虎圍繞著帳篷轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去,繼續(xù)威脅著我們。選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayorofthecity.

問題1選項

A.presumed

B.proposed

C.presented

D.presided

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項presumed“假定，推測”；B選項proposed“建議，打算”；C選項presented“提出，呈遞”；D選項presided“主持，擔任會議主席”。句意：會議由該市市長（）。本句表示“會議由市長主持”，因此D選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Inthelightofthecurrentsituation,Ihavetoreviewmyplans.

問題1選項

A.Throwinglighton

B.Inlinewith

C.Inaccordancewith

D.Intermsof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項Throwinglighton“闡明”；B選項Inlinewith“符合”；C選項Inaccordancewith“依照”；D選項Intermsof“在……方面”。句意：鑒于目前的形勢，我得重新考慮我的計劃。劃線部分Inthelightof是根據(jù)、按照的意思。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

InanarticlesomeChinesescholarsaredescribedasbeing“tantalizedbythemysteriousdragonbonehieroglyphics.”TantalizedisoneofmanyEnglishwordsthathavetheiroriginsinmythsandlegendsofthepast(inthiscase,GreekandRomanones).Themeaningoftheverbtantalizeisaveryparticularone:“topromiseorshowsomethingdesirabletoapersonandthentakeitaway;toteasebyarousinghope.’’Many(butnotall)Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword’soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.Fortantalizethefollowingexplanationisgiven:[>Tantalus].ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword’sorigins,andifyoudo,youwillfindoutthatinGreekmythology,Tantaluswasakingwhowaspunishedinthelowerworldwitheternalhungerandthirst;hewasputuptohischininwaterthatalwaysmovedawaywhenhetriedtodrinkitandwithfruitonbranchesabovehimplacedjustalittlebitoutofhisreach.Canyouseewhyhisnamewaschangedintoaverbmeaning“toteaseortormentbyarousingdesire”?

Anotherexampleistheword“siren”,familiartousasthemechanicaldevicethatmakessuchanalarmingsoundwhenpolicecars,ambulances,orfireenginesapproach.ThiswordalsohasitsoriginsinGreekmythology.ThetravelerOdysseus(UlyssestotheRomans)madehismenplugtheirearssothattheywouldn’thearthedangerousvoicesofthesirens,creatureswhowerehalfbirdandhalfwomanandwholuredsailorstotheirdeathsonsharprocks.Sothewordcametobeassociatedbothwithaloudsoundandwithdanger!

Whensomeonespeaksofa“jovialmood”ora“herculeanefforts”,heorsheisusingwords

withoriginsinmythology.Lookthesewordsuptofindtheirmeaningandrelationshiptomyths.

Manycommonwords,suchasthenamesforthedaysoftheweekandthemonthsoftheyear,alsocomefrommythology.WednesdayderivesfromtheancientNorsekingofthegods,Woden,andThursdaywasoriginallyThor’sday,inhonorofThor,thegodofthunder.Asamatteroffact,alltheplanets,excepttheoneweliveon,bearnamesthatcomefromRomanmythology,includingtheplanetthatisfarthestawayfromthesunandforthatreasonwascalledaftertheRomangodofthedead.Thisgodhasalsogivenhisnametooneofthechemicalelements.Severalotherelementshavenamesthatcomefrommythology,too.

ItseemsthatmythsandlegendsliveonintheEnglishlanguage.

1.ThepurposeofthefirstsentenceinParagraph1is（

）.

2.Welearnfromthepassage,allEnglishdictionariesinclude（

）.

3.Theexampleoftantalizeistoshow（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdoesNOThaveoriginsinmythorlegends?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.toleadreadersontothemaintheme

B.tolinktheprecedingparttothepresentone

C.toarousereaders’interestinhieroglyphics

D.todescribetheworkofsomeChinesescholars

問題2選項

A.legends

B.mythology

C.wordorigins

D.worddefinitions

問題3選項

A.howthewordcameintoexistence.

B.howTantaluswaspunishedinthelowerworld.

C.howallEnglishdictionariesshowwordorigins.

D.howthemeaningofthewordchangedovertheyears.

問題4選項

A.Jovial.

B.March.

C.Earth.

D.Wednesday.

問題5選項

A.MythologyandCommonWords.

B.HistoricalChangesinWordMeanings.

C.MythologicalOriginsofEnglishWords.

D.GreekandRomanMythologyinLanguage.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】段落大意題。文章第一段開頭第一句是引出tantalize這個詞的描述，接下來的幾句話，是說明這個詞的來源，它是眾多來源于過去的神話和傳說的英語單詞之一。故推測文章第一段是通過舉例說明來引出主題。正確答案選A。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段“Many(butnotall)Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword’soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.許多（不是所有）的英語字典都會在詞的釋義前后，用括號給出簡短的詞源解釋”，故這里可知所有的英語字典都會給出英語單詞的釋義，但不是都會給出英語單詞詞源解釋，或者有關(guān)的神話和傳說。所以正確答案為D。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第一段談到了tantalize這個單詞的例子，根據(jù)第六句“ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword’sorigins,andifyoudo,youwillfindoutthatinGreekmythology...這意味著通過坦塔羅斯這個名字找到tantalize單詞的詞源，如果這樣做的話，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，在希臘神話中……”。接下來就是對于對應單詞詞源詳細解釋，結(jié)合最后一句話“Canyouseewhyhisnamewaschangedintoaverbmeaning‘toteaseortormentbyarousingdesire’?現(xiàn)在你能猜出為什么他的名字變成了動詞，表示（以喚起欲望來戲弄或者折磨某人）嗎”，由此推斷可知正確答案選A。選項B是具體的例子里面的描述。選項D和題干無關(guān)。選線C無法通過第一段中tantalize單詞的例子推斷出來。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第四段第三句“Asamatteroffact,alltheplanets,excepttheoneweliveon,bearnamesthatcomefromRomanmythology…事實上，所有的行星，除了我們生活的地球外，都是以羅馬神話中神的名字命名的……”故這里選C。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。通篇瀏覽全文，文章都在講英語單詞的詞源問題，文章中第一段通過tantalize這個單詞的例子引出：許多英語單詞來源于神話和傳說。第二段到五段都是在舉例闡述英語里面的單詞來源于神話和傳說的這一事實。故正確答案應該選C。

5.翻譯題

Rationalchoicetheory

Rationalchoicetheory,alsoknownaschoicetheoryorrationalactiontheory,isaframeworkforunderstandingandoftenformallymodeling,socialandeconomicbehavior.Rationality,interpretedas“wantingmoreratherthanlessofagood’’，iswidelyusedasanassumptionofthebehaviorofindividualsinmacroeconomicmodelsandanalysisandappearsinalmostalleconomicstextbooktreatmentsofhumandecision-making.Itisalsocentraltosomeofmodempoliticalscience,sociology,andphilosophy.Itattaches“wantingmore”toinstrumentalrationality,whichinvolvesseekingthemostcost-effectivemeanstoachieveaspecificgoalwithoutreflectingontheworthinessofthatgoal.GaryBackerwasanearlyproponentofapplyingrationalactormodelsmorewidely.Hewonthe1992NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisstudiesofdiscrimination,crime,andhumancapital.

Inrationalchoicetheory,thesecostsareonlyextrinsicorexternaltotheindividualratherthanbeingintrinsicorinternal.Thatis,strictrationalchoicetheorywouldnotseeacriminal’sself-punishmentbyinnerfeelingsofremorse,guilt,orshameasrelevanttodeterminingthecostsofcommittingacrime.Ingeneral,rationalchoicetheorydoesnotaddresstheroleofanindividual’ssenseofmoralsorethicsindecision-making.Thus,economicsNoblestAmartyaSenseesthemodelofpeoplewhofollowrationalchoicemodelas“rationalfools”.

【答案】理性選擇理論

理性選擇理論，也被稱為選擇理論或理性行為理論，是用于理解社會，正式對社會和經(jīng)濟行為的框架。理性，被解釋為“對最大利益的追求”，在宏觀經(jīng)濟模型中被廣泛用作個人行為的假設，并出現(xiàn)在幾乎所有經(jīng)濟學教科書中關(guān)于人類決策的處理。它也是現(xiàn)代政治學、社會學和哲學的中心。它將“想要更多”與理性工具聯(lián)系起來，這涉及到尋求最經(jīng)濟有效的手段來實現(xiàn)特定目標，而不考慮該目標的價值。GaryBacker是更廣泛地運用理性行為者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧視、犯罪和人力資本而獲得1992年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學獎。

在理性選擇理論中，這些成本僅是非本質(zhì)的或外部的，而不是本質(zhì)的或者內(nèi)部的。也就是說，嚴格的理性選擇理論不會根據(jù)罪犯的內(nèi)心的悔恨，內(nèi)疚，或羞愧等自我懲罰以確定犯罪的成本。一般來說，理性選擇理論并不涉及個人道德或倫理意識在決策中的作用。因此，諾貝爾獎獲得者AmartyaSen認為，遵循理性選擇模式的經(jīng)濟學人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。

6.單選題

Icameacrossanoldcountryguidetheotherday.Itlistedallthetradesmenineachvillageinmypartofthecountry,anditwasimpressivetoseethegreatvarietyofserviceswhichwereavailableonone’sowndoorstepinthelateVictoriancountryside.

NowadaysasuperficialtravelerinruralEnglandmightconcludethattheonlyvillagetradesmenstillflourishingwereeithersellingfrozenfoodtotheinhabitantsorsellingantiquestovisitors.Nevertheless,thiswouldreallybeafalseimpression.Admittedlytherehasbeenacontractionofvillagecommerce,butitsvigorisstillremarkable.

Ourlocalgrocer’sshop,forexample,isactuallyexpandinginspiteofthecompetitionfromsupermarketsinthenearesttown.Womensensiblyprefertogothereandexchangethelocalnewswhiledoingtheirshopping,insteadofqueuingup(anonymously)atasupermarket.Andtheproprietorknowswellthatpersonalservicehasasubstantialcashvalue.

Hispricesmaybeabithigherthanthoseinthetown,buthewilldeliveranythingatanytime.Hisassistantsthinknothingofbicyclingdownthevillagestreetintheirlunchhourtotakeapieceofcheesetoanoldagepensionerwhosentherorderbywordofmouthwithafriendwhohappenedtobepassing,themoreaffluentcustomerstelephonetheirshoppinglistsandthegoodsareontheirdoorstepswithinanhour.Theyhaveonlytoknitatafancyforsomecommodityoutsidetheusualstockandthegrocer,aredfacedfigure,instantlyobtainsitfromthem.Thevillagegainsfromthissortofenterprise,ofcourse.ButIalsofinditsatisfactorybecauseavillageshopoffersoneofthefewwaysinwhichamodestindividualistcanstillgetalongintheworldwithoutattachinghimselftothebigbattalionsofindustryorcommerce.

MostofthevillageshopkeepersIknow,atanyrate,aredecidedlyindividualistintheirways.Forexample,ourshoemakerisaformidablefigure:athickset,irritablemanwhomchildrentreatwithmarkedrespect,knowingthatanilljudgedwordcanprovokeanangryeruptionatanytime.Hestareswithsmoulderingcontemptatthepairsofcheap,massproducedshoestakentohimforrepair:hasitcometothis,heseemstobesaying,thathe,acraftsman,shouldhavetowastehisskillsuponsuchtrash?Butweallknowhewillinfactdoexcellentworkuponthem.Andhemakesbeautifulshoesforthosewhocanaffordsuchluxury.

1.Thewriterconsideredtheoldcountryguideinterestingbecausehefoundinit（

）.

2.Thelocalgrocer’sshopisexpandingeventhough

（

）.

3.Thewriterimpliesthatonedisadvantageoftownshopsisthat

（

）.

4.Thewriterappreciatesthevillageshopbecause

（

）.

5.Whatisthevillageshoemakersreactiontomassproducedshoes?

問題1選項

A.thenamesofsomanyoftheshopsinthevillagearound

B.themanypeoplesellingto,anddoingjobsfor,residentsinlocalvillagesatthetimeitappeared

C.thevarietyofshopsandservicesavailableinVictoriandaysinBritain

D.informationaboutallthejobstherewereinhisownandsurroundingvillagesatthetimeitappeared

問題2選項

A.womenspendalotoftheirtimetherejustgossiping

B.townshopsarelargerandrathercheaper

C.peopleliketoshopwheretheyarelesswellknown

D.peoplegetpersonalserviceinhisshop

問題3選項

A.theirpricesarehigher

B.peoplecannottelephonethem

C.theirstaffmaytakelesstroubletosatisfycustomers

D.onehastoqueueupinthem

問題4選項

A.hewelcomescompetitionwithorganizedbusiness

B.helikestheideathatahumblepersoncanbesuccessful

C.thisisacaseofindividualsuccessinaworldofincreasing

D.hewelcomesanexampleofprivateenterprisesurvivinginanageofgiantcompanies

問題5選項

A.Heconsiderstheyarenotworththeeffortofmendingproperly.

B.Heisangrywiththecustomersforbringingtosuchrubbish.

C.Hedespisestheirquality.

D.Hefeelsexasperatedbecausepeoplewastetheirmoneyoninferiorshoes.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認為這本陳舊的鄉(xiāng)下導游手冊有趣，是因為他在那里發(fā)現(xiàn)了……”。文章第一段提到這個導游手冊列出了我所在地區(qū)每個村莊的每個商人，令人印象深刻的是，在維多利亞晚期的鄉(xiāng)村，人們在家門口就可以得到各種各樣的服務，由此可知選項B“很多人向當?shù)剜l(xiāng)下的居民銷售商品或者提供服務”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“當?shù)仉s貨商的店鋪正在擴張，盡管……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“盡管有最近城鎮(zhèn)的超市競爭，我們當?shù)氐碾s貨店實際在擴張”（Ourlocalgrocer’sshop,forexample,isactuallyexpandinginspiteofthecompetitionfromsupermarketsinthenearesttown），城鎮(zhèn)商店的競爭力主要體現(xiàn)在規(guī)模大，東西便宜，選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者暗示城鎮(zhèn)商店的劣勢之一是……”。文章第四段“鄉(xiāng)下商人賣的商品的價格或許比城鎮(zhèn)的高，但他們將在任何時間送任何商品，超市的助手不會想到在他們午飯的時間騎自行車去為一個靠養(yǎng)老金生活的老人送一塊奶酪”（Hispricesmaybeabithigherthanthoseinthetown,buthewilldeliveranythingatanytime.Hisassistantsthinknothingofbicyclingdownthevillagestreetintheirlunchhourtotakeapieceofcheesetoanoldagepensioner），選項C“城鎮(zhèn)商店店員不會花太多功夫去滿足顧客”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者欣賞鄉(xiāng)下商店的原因是……”。文章第四段最后一句“但我覺得它令人滿意，因為鄉(xiāng)村商店提供了為數(shù)不多的幾種方式之一，一個謙虛的個人主義者仍然能在這個世界存活，而不必依附于工商業(yè)的大陣營”（ButIalsofinditsatisfactorybecauseavillageshopoffersoneofthefewwaysinwhichamodestindividualistcanstillgetalongintheworldwithoutattachinghimselftothebigbattalionsofindustryorcommerce），選項B“他喜歡謙遜的人能成功的概念”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“鄉(xiāng)村鞋匠對批量生產(chǎn)的鞋子的反應是……”。文章最后一段提到鄉(xiāng)村鞋匠帶著蔑視的眼光去看那些批量生產(chǎn)的鞋子（Hestareswithsmoulderingcontemptatthepairsofcheap,massproducedshoestakentohimforrepair:hasitcometothis,heseemstobesaying,thathe,acraftsman,shouldhavetowastehisskillsuponsuchtrash?），選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

III.(InternationalLaw)

OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.Indeed,notwithstandingthediscussionabove,onemightstillarguethatPresidentBushdecidedinsummerof2002toinvadeIraqand,whileheplayedagameofdiscussionsattheUnitedNationsandwithalliesaboutinternationallaw,attheendofthedaytheUnitedStateswentaheadandinvadedwhenthosediscussionsdidnotproceedtotheU.S.liking.CertainlytherhetoricofPresidentBushwouldsupportsuchaclaim:inthecourseoftakingtheU.S.casetotheUnitedNations,PresidentBushrepeatedlystatedthattheUnitedStateswantedU.N.supportbut,ifsuchsupportwasnotforthcoming,theUnitedStateswouldstilltakeactiontoenforceIraq’sWMDobligations.

ThereisprobablynodefinitivewaytodisprovetheargumentthattheBushadministrationwassetoninvadingIraqnomatterwhathappenedattheUnitedNations.OnemightspeculateinresponsethathadtherebeennoplausiblelegaljustificationwhatsoeveravailabletotheBushadministration,thennoforeignstateswouldhavealliedthemselveswiththeUnitedStates,U.S.publicopinionwouldnothaveshifted,andtheBushadministrationultimatelywouldhavecontinuedtopursueweaponsinspectionsratherthananinvasion,orwouldhaveengagedinalesseruseofforce(akintothebombingsof1998).Theimportanceoftheinternalandexternalfactorsdiscussedaboveprovidessomesupporttosuchspeculation,butcannotleadtoanydefinitiveconclusions.

Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.

SeanD.Murphy:“AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq”

59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttopicfortheaboveparagraphs?

60.Accordingtotheauthor,thebiggestvictimoftheIraqwaris___.

61.Readingtheseparagraphs,onecanseethattheauthor___.

62.Thelastparagraphmeansthat___.

問題1選項

A.InternationalLawandtheIraqWar

B.AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq

C.InternationalLawhasLittleForceConstrainingStateBehavior

D.TheUnitedNationsandtheUnitedStates

問題2選項

A.theUnitedNations

B.personsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar

C.theintegrityoftheUnitedNations

D.theBushAdministration

問題3選項

A.holdsuptheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

B.opposestheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

C.expressesnoopinionofprosorconsoftheIraqwar

D.takesaneutralpositioninanalyzingthelegalityoftheIraqwar

問題4選項

A.todrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheU.S.appearsmistaken

B.itisamistaketodrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil

C.oneshouldnotgetconclusionregardingthefunctionofinternationallawonuseofforcefromtheUSinvasionofIraq

D.itiswrongtogetextensiveconclusionregardingtheefficiencyofinternationallawonuseofforceanduseoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheUSinvasionofIraq

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段開頭OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.（有人可能會接受國際法和國際機構(gòu)在導致美國入侵伊拉克的事件中發(fā)揮了重要作用，但仍然認為，最終，由于沒有令人信服的法律依據(jù)，這次入侵的事實使關(guān)于使用武力的國際規(guī)則約束國家行為的想法和安理會在協(xié)調(diào)集體安全方面發(fā)揮重要作用的想法不可信），結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者主要在探討分析伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的合法性，選B選項“入侵伊拉克的合法性評估”；通讀全文可知，國際法只是文章中所提到的片面內(nèi)容，A選項“國際法和伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭”不能概括全文，排除；C選項“國際法對國家行為的約束力很小”和D選項“聯(lián)合國和美國”不是文章主要探討的內(nèi)容，排除。因此B選項正確。

60.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“thebiggestvictim”定位到原文第一段OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.（一項確定全世界人民在入侵后態(tài)度的努力表明，戰(zhàn)爭最大的傷亡之一是聯(lián)合國對反對和支持戰(zhàn)爭的國家的人的信譽）可知伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的最大受害者是聯(lián)合國的信譽，選C選項“聯(lián)合國的誠信”，同時可知A選項“聯(lián)合國”范圍過大，排除；B選項“反對和支持戰(zhàn)爭的各州的人”以及D選項“布什政府”和原文不符。因此C選項正確。

61.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到原文最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（與此同時，從美國入侵伊拉克的事實中得出關(guān)于國際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯誤的）可知作者認為關(guān)于國際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯誤的，即反對伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭，選B選項“反對布什政府發(fā)動伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭”，同時可知A選項“阻礙布什政府發(fā)動伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭”錯誤，作者只是反對，不是阻礙，C選項“沒有表達對伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的贊成或反對意見”和D選項“在分析伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的合法性時采取中立立場”錯誤，作者有明確的表明自己的觀點。因此B選項正確。

62.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（與此同時，從美國入侵伊拉克的事實中得出關(guān)于國際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯誤的）可知選D選項“從美國入侵伊拉克就得出關(guān)于使用武力和安理會使用的國際法有效性的廣泛結(jié)論是錯誤的”；A選項“從美國那里得出關(guān)于使用武力的國際規(guī)則的作用或安理會的效用的籠統(tǒng)結(jié)論似乎是錯誤的”，B選項“就關(guān)于使用武力或安全理事會效用的國際規(guī)則的作用得出籠統(tǒng)的結(jié)論是錯誤的”以及C選項“從美國入侵伊拉克就不能得出關(guān)于使用武力的國際法的作用的結(jié)論”都和原文表達的含義有偏差。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

Theaccident______himofhissightandtheuseofhislegs.

問題1選項

A.excluded

B.disabled

C.deprived

D.gripped

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項excluded“把……排斥在外”；B選項disabled“使傷殘；使無效”；C選項deprived“使喪失”；D選項gripped“緊握；強烈影響”。句意：這次事故使他______視力和雙腿的功能。根據(jù)語境，這次事故讓他的眼睛和雙腿功能受損，所以disabled“使傷殘；使無效”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Beijingisa（）city,andstillmorepeoplearepouringin.

問題1選項

A.popular

B.populate

C.populace

D.populous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。popular“受歡迎的”；populate“居住于”，是動詞；populace“大眾，平民”；populous“人口多的”。句意：北京是一座人口稠密的城市，仍然還有很多人涌入。選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

AlthoughtheArabcutbacksrepresentedalossoflessthan7percentinworldsupply,theycreatedpaniconthepartofoilcompanies,consumers,oiltraders,andsomegovernments.

問題1選項

A.fright

B.deficit

C.strain

D.misfortune

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。panic表示“恐慌，驚慌”；A項fright“驚嚇，驚駭”，B項deficit“赤字，不足額”，C項strain“張力，拉緊，負擔”，D項misfortune“不幸，災禍，災難”。句意：盡管阿拉伯的減產(chǎn)代表著全球供應減少了不到7%，但卻引起了石油公司、消費者、石油交易商和一些政府的恐慌。因此，根據(jù)句意可知A選項正確。

11.單選題

Thejoysoftravel,havinglong（）thedisabled,areopeninguptovirtuallyanyonewhohasthemeans.

問題1選項

A.omitted

B.missed

C.neglected

D.discarded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項omitted“遺漏，省略”；B選項missed“錯過，投偏”；C選項neglected“忽視，疏忽”；D選項discarded“丟棄”。句意：長期以來被忽視的殘疾人旅行的樂趣正在向任何有辦法的人開放。這里表示的是“之前殘疾人士的旅行樂趣被忽視了”，因此C選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Inasupermarket,allcommoditiesareopentocustomerswhocanselectwhattheyneed（）.

問題1選項

A.withtheirease

B.attheirease

C.attheireasiness

D.withtheireasiness

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atone'sease是固定短語,意為"沒有拘束的"。句意：在超市里,所有的商品都對顧客開放,顧客可以自由選擇他們需要的東西。

13.單選題

Theproblemwith（）biologicalinventions—unlike,say,gunsandexplosives—isthatoncereleased,theycanbreedbythemselves.

問題1選項

A.vicious

B.ferocious

C.malicious

D.malevolent

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項vicious“惡毒的，惡意的”，強調(diào)的是“狂暴的；殘酷的”；B選項ferocious“殘忍的，驚人的”，強調(diào)的是“暴力的”；C選項malicious“蓄意的，懷恨的”，強調(diào)的是懷有惡意的；D選項malevolent“惡毒的，壞心腸的”，強調(diào)的是“人的心腸壞”。句意：與槍支和爆炸物等不同，惡毒生物的發(fā)明，其問題在于，一旦被釋放，它們可以自行繁殖。這里是指懷有惡意的生物學上的發(fā)明，所以選項C更符合語境。

14.單選題

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitsinteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.

Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductiononmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goods,andservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforwholeeconomy.

Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,abartereconomycanleadto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacertainfordeterminingaperson’splaceinatraditionalsociety?

5.Inparagraph2sentence3,“barter”means（）.

問題1選項

A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypeofeconomicsystems.

B.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.

C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.

D.Tocomparebarterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

問題2選項

A.rapidspeedtransactions

B.misunderstanding

C.inflation

D.difficultiesfortraders

問題3選項

A.Individualhouseholds

B.Smallbusinesses

C.Majorcorporations

D.Thegovernment

問題4選項

A.Familybackground

B.Age

C.Religiousbelief

D.Custom

問題5選項

A.exchangegood,propertyforothergoods

B.amoreunit

C.akindoffood

D.trade

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.（三種基本方式可以描述為市場體制、管理體制和傳統(tǒng)體制。）文章第一段就點明了三種不同類型的經(jīng)濟體系：市場體系、行政管理體系和傳統(tǒng)體系。接下來分別介紹了這三種體系，每一段的第一句都點明了具體要介紹的體系。而文章中作者并沒有解釋有關(guān)經(jīng)濟學方面的知識，也沒有表示哪一種經(jīng)濟體系更優(yōu)越，因此A選項“概述不同類型的經(jīng)濟制度”正確。B選項“來解釋經(jīng)濟學”，是作者沒有解釋的；C選項“論證單一經(jīng)濟體系的優(yōu)越性”，作者在文中是沒有論述的；D選項“比較易貨市場和貨幣交換市場”，只是市場體系中的兩種形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第四句話Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles...wantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.（在易貨經(jīng)濟中，真正的商品，如汽車、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的，找到想用舊車交換帆船的人可能并不總是一件容易的任務。）通過這句話可以看出，在易貨經(jīng)濟中，可見這種有形的物物交換對交換者而言是具有很大難度的，交易者想要做交易并沒有那么容易，因此D選項“對交易者的困難”正確。A選項“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特點；B選項“誤解，誤會”這一點原文并沒有提到；C選項“膨脹；通貨膨脹”不是易貨經(jīng)濟體現(xiàn)的。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.（政府制定的中央計劃顯示了不同公司生產(chǎn)的每種商品的數(shù)量，并分配給不同的家庭用于消費。）這一段講述了如何去制定市場的相關(guān)規(guī)定，而最高級的規(guī)定制定就來自于政府，因此D選項正確。A選項“個體戶”，他們只是經(jīng)濟的參與者；B選項“小企業(yè)”，沒有這個權(quán)利；C選項“大公司”，仍然沒有政府的等級高。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段第一句話everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.（每個人在經(jīng)濟體制中的地位是由出身、宗教和習慣風俗來決定的），可以得出只有B選項“年齡”是沒有提到的，因此B選項正確。A選項“家庭背景”；C選項“宗教信仰”；D選項“風俗”都是提到了的。

5.語義推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously.（在易貨經(jīng)濟中，真正的商品，如汽車、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的。）可以看出來在易貨經(jīng)濟中交易的都是一些實在的物品，因此A選項“用貨物、財產(chǎn)等交換其他貨物”是正確的。B選項“一個單位”原文沒有提及；C選項“一種食物”，只是其中的一種；D選項“交易”，這就是這件事本身。

15.單選題

Techniquesthatcreateanatmosphereofsuspensearecommonlyusedbyfilmmakersto（）theiraudience.

問題1選項

A.harass

B.applaud

C.excite

D.arrest

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項harass“騷擾”；B選項applaud“贊同；稱贊”；C選項excite“使興奮；刺激”D選項arrest“逮捕”。句意：電影制作者經(jīng)常用制造懸念氣氛的技巧來刺激觀眾。因此C項符合句意。

16.單選題

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.SmallwonderAmericans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themost