考研考博-英語-南昌航空大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南昌航空大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.填空題

EveryweekhundredsofCVs(簡歷)landonourdesks.We’veseenitall:CVsprintedonpinkpaper,CVsthatare10(1)pageslongandCVswithsillymistakesinfirstparagraph.A(2)goodCVisyourpassporttoailinterviewand,ultimate,tothejobyouwant.

Initialimpressionsarevital,andabadlypresentedCV(3)couldmeanacceptance,regardlessofwhat’sinit.(4)Hereareafewwaystoavoidendupontherejectpile.PrintyourCVongood-qualitywhitepaper.CVswithflowerybackgroundsorpinkpaperwill(5)standoutuponallthewrongreasons.

Getsomeonetocheckforspellingandgrammatical(6)errors,becauseaspell-checkerwillpickupeverymistake.CVswitherrorswillberejected—itshowsthatyoudon’tpayattentiontodetail.

Restrictyourselftooneortwopages,and(7)listinganypublicationsorrefereesonaseparatesheet.IfyouaresendingyourCVelectronically,checkthe(8)formattingbysendingittoyourselffirst.Keepuptheformatsimple.

Donotsendaphotounlessspecificallyrequested.If(9)youhavetosendone,makesureitisonetakinginaprofessionalsetting,ratherthanaholidaysnap.

Gettingthepresentationrightisjustthefirststep.Whataboutthecontent?TheRulehereistokeepitfactualand(10)truthful—exaggerationsusuallygetfindout.AndremembertotailoryourCVtoeachdifferentjob.

【答案】1.infirstparagraph改為inthefirstparagraph

2.ultimate改為ultimately

3.could改為couldnot

4.end改為ending

5.upon改為among

6.up改為out

7.listing改為list

8.keepup改為keep

9.taking改為took

10.find改為found

【解析】1.語法錯誤。根據(jù)文意，可知這里特指第一段，所以需添加定冠詞the。句意：10頁長的簡歷和第一段有愚蠢錯誤的簡歷。

2.語法錯誤。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里需要用副詞ultimately修飾整個句子。句意：一份好的簡歷是你面試的通行證，也是你最終得到你想要的工作的通行證。

3.上下文語義理解錯誤。根據(jù)文章意思，可知一份看上去糟糕的簡歷不會被接受，應(yīng)該為否定意義，所以需在could后添加not。句意：最初的印象是至關(guān)重要的，一個糟糕的簡歷可能意味著不被接受，不管內(nèi)容怎么樣。

4.搭配錯誤。根據(jù)搭配avoiddoingsth.“避免做某事”，可知應(yīng)該用end的-ing形式。句意：這里有一些方法可以避免堆積。

5.語法錯誤。Upon“在……之上”，根據(jù)文意，可知文意為在……之間，所以選用解析among。句意：背景絢麗或粉紅色紙的簡歷會在簡歷之間脫穎而出。

6.搭配錯誤。根據(jù)文意，可知表達的意思為“挑出每一個錯誤”。Pickup“撿起，獲得”；pickout“挑出”。句意：找個人檢查一下拼寫和語法錯誤，拼寫檢查者會發(fā)現(xiàn)每一個錯誤。

7.語法錯誤。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知這里是由and連接的兩個并列祈使句，restrict和list為并列成分，所以都應(yīng)該用動詞原形。句意：只著重瀏覽一兩頁，在另一單獨頁列出任何出版物或推薦者。

8.語法錯誤。固定搭配keepupdoingsth.“保持/繼續(xù)做某事”。根據(jù)句意，可知表達的意思為“保持簡單”，up需省略。Keep可以單獨做系動詞，后接形容詞。

9.語法錯誤。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知taking作one的后置定語，one指代photo，take和photo之間存在被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用過去分詞作后置定語，改為took。句意：如果你必須發(fā)送一張照片，確保它是在專業(yè)情況下拍攝的，而不是假日快照。

10.搭配錯誤。根據(jù)固定搭配getsth.done“使……被……”，可知動詞原形find應(yīng)該改為found過去分詞表被動，表示“被找出，被發(fā)現(xiàn)”。句意：規(guī)則是保持真實——過分夸張通常會被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

2.單選題

Methodsfortypingbloodweredevelopedaroundtheturnofthecentury,aboutthesametimethatfingerprintswerefirstusedforidentification.Onlyinthelastdecadeortwo,however,havescientistsbeguntobelievethatgeneticmarkersinbloodandotherbodilyfluidsmaysomedayproveasusefulincrimedetectionasfingerprints.

ThestandardABObloodtypinghaslongbeenusedasaformofnegativeidentification.Addedsophisticationcamewiththediscoveryofadditionalsubgroupsofgeneticmarkersinbloodandwiththediscoverythatgeneticmarkersarepresentnotonlyinbloodbutalsoinotherbodilyfluids,suchasperspirationandsaliva（口水）.

Thesediscoverieswereoflittleuseincrimedetection,however,becauseofthecircumstancesinwhichpolicescientistsmustwork.Ratherthanaplentifulsampleofbloodfreshlydrawnfromapatient,thecrimelaboratoryislikelytoreceiveonlyatinyfleckofdriedbloodofunknownagefromanunknown“donor”onashirtorascrapofragthathasspenthoursordaysexposedtoair,hightemperature,andothercontaminants.

Britishscientistsfoundamethodforidentifyinggeneticmarkersmorepreciselyinsmallsamples.Inthisprocess,calledelectrophoresis,asampleisplacedonatraycontainingagelthroughwhichanelectricalcurrentisthenpassed.D.Atrainedanalystreadstheresultingpatternsinthegeltodeterminethepresenceofvariouschemicalmarkers.

Electrophoresismadeitpossibletoidentifyseveralthousandsubgroupsofbloodtypesratherthanthetwelveknownbefore.However,theequipmentandspecialtrainingrequiredwereexpensive.Inaddition,theprocesscouldleadtothedestructionofevidence.Forexample,repeatedtestsofablood-fleckedshirt-oneforeachmarker-ledtoincreasingdeteriorationoftheevidenceandthecostofaweekormoreoflaboratorytime.

ItremainedforanotherBritishresearcher,BrianWrexall,todemonstratethatsimultaneousanalyses,usinganinexpensiveelectrophoresisapparatus(電冰器)，couldtestfortendifferentgeneticmarkerswithina24-hourperiod.D.Thisdevelopmentmadethestudyofbloodandotherfluidsamplesanevenmorevaluabletoolforcrimedetection.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdescribing.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatelectrophoresisresemblesfingerprintinginthatboth______.

3.Theauthorputtheword“donor’’(Para.A.3)intoquotationmarksinorderto.

4.Thepassagecontainsinformationthatwouldanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions:

5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingmayreducetheusefulnessofafluidsampleforcrimedetectionEXCEPT______.

6.Thepassageimpliesthatelectrophoresismayhelpscientistsdetermine.

問題1選項

A.howadvancesincrimedetectionmethodshaveledtonewdiscoveriesinscience

B.variouswaysinwhichcrimedetectionlaboratoriesassistthepolice

C.thedevelopmentofnewscientifictoolsforuseincrimedetection

D.areasofcurrentresearchinthescienceofcrimedetection

問題2選項

A.provideaformofnegativeidentificationincrimedetection

B.werefirstdevelopedbyBritishscientists

C.maybeusedtohelpidentifythosewhowerepresentatthetimeofacrime

D.weredevelopedbyscientistsataroundthesametime

問題3選項

A.emphasizethatmostofthebloodsamplesreceivedbycrimelaboratoriescomefromanonymoussources

B.underscorethecontrastbetweentheworkdoneinacrimelaboratoryandthatdoneinabloodbank

C.callattentiontothefactthat,becauseofundemanding,crimelaboratoriesareforcedtorelyoncharitablecontributions

D.indicatethatthebloodsamplesreceivedbycrimelaboratoriesarenotgivenfreely

問題4選項

A.Isevidenceofgeneticmarkersinbodilyfluidsadmissibleincourt

B.Canelectrophoresisbeusedtoidentifygeneticmarkersinsaliva

C.Howmanysubgroupsofbloodtypesarecurrentlyidentifiable

D.Howaccurateistheprocessofelectrophoresis

問題5選項

A.thepassageoftime

B.discolorationorstaining

C.exposuretoheat

D.thesmallsizeofthesample

問題6選項

A.whetherornotasampleofbloodcouldhavecomefromaparticularperson

B.theageandconditionofadriedspecimenofbloodorotherbodilyfluid

C.whenandwhereacrimewasprobablycommitted

D.thecauseofdeathinhomicidecases

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出血型分析、指紋以及遺傳標記都可以在犯罪偵查中起作用；第二段提出遺傳標記不僅僅存在于血液中，還存在于像汗液和唾液這類的體液中；第三段講述了以上這些發(fā)現(xiàn)在犯罪偵查方面用處不大的原因；第四段講述了英國科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種在小樣本中更精確識別基因標記的方法，這個過程叫作做電泳；第五段講述了電泳技術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點；第六段提到以為英國研究員的發(fā)現(xiàn)使得血液和其他液體樣本的研究成為犯罪檢測的工具。由此可知本文主要講述的是新的科學(xué)工具用于犯罪偵查，選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章中并沒有提及指紋是由誰最先提出的，因此選項B可以排除；根據(jù)文章第二段第一句話可知negativeidentification是ABObloodtyping，因此選項A可以排除；文章并沒有提及電泳的時間，因此選項D可以排除。綜上，選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章第三段主要講述了為什么指紋、血型分析這些不能在犯罪偵查中發(fā)揮作用，是因為警察科學(xué)家工作的環(huán)境導(dǎo)致的（Thesediscoverieswereoflittleuseincrimedetection,however,becauseofthecircumstancesinwhichpolicescientistsmustwork）。他們沒有新鮮的血液來分析，有的只是從一個不知名的“捐贈者”那里得到的一小塊干血斑，由此可知警察科學(xué)家所需要的樣本不是免費的，選項D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段的內(nèi)容Inthisprocess,calledelectrophoresis,asampleisplacedonatraycontainingagelthroughwhichanelectricalcurrentisthenpassed可知選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后…thathasspenthoursordaysexposedtoair,hightemperature,andothercontaminants可知選項A、B、C都會影響樣本，因此選項D符合題意。

6.推理判斷題。文章第五段提到電泳技術(shù)使鑒定幾千種血型成為可能（Electrophoresismadeitpossibletoidentifyseveralthousandsubgroupsofbloodtypesratherthanthetwelveknownbefore），意味著可能鑒別出樣本來自于誰，因此選項A符合題意。

3.翻譯題

Today,thereiswidespreadagreementthatcloningforreproductionisunsafeandshouldbebanned.Now,thedebatehasshiftedawayfromtheethicsofbaby-makingandtowardthemoralityofcloningembryosfortheircellsandissues,whichmightbeusedtotreatdiseases.Thecontroversypitsreligiousconservativesandabortionopponents,whoregardembryosasnascenthumanlife,againstpatients’groups,scientistsandthebiotechnologyindustry.

【答案】現(xiàn)在，人們達成共識的是，為再生產(chǎn)而進行的克隆是不安全的，因此應(yīng)該禁止。當前，人們爭論的焦點已不再局限于克隆嬰兒的倫理問題。人們的注意已轉(zhuǎn)移到對胚胎的克隆上來，盡管由之產(chǎn)生的組織和細胞有助于治療很多疾病。因為保守的宗教人士和墮胎反對者認為胚胎是早期的生命形式，他們自然與患者、科學(xué)家和生物工業(yè)站在爭論的兩邊。

4.翻譯題

1.根據(jù)牛頓的發(fā)現(xiàn),白光是所有可見光疊加而成的。這就是加色概念的典型例子。例如去掉藍色色調(diào),白光就會變?yōu)辄S色,還有其他例子等等。然而當把顏料的所有顏色混合,我們會得到黑色,這就是典型的減色理論,黑色代表所有顏色都存在。加色是透射光的領(lǐng)域的概念,減色是色素、染料和化學(xué)品的領(lǐng)域的概念。

2.但是我們對創(chuàng)新的追求究竟是為了實現(xiàn)什么呢?創(chuàng)新就是一種重要的新產(chǎn)品或者新程序,或者是一項制度,能夠在實際生活中大范圍的應(yīng)用,對經(jīng)濟和社會有著革命性的意義,就是以更低成本實現(xiàn)更高的工作效益。遺憾的是我們現(xiàn)在幾乎把一切事情都用創(chuàng)新來形容,因為不是所有創(chuàng)新都能給社會財富的増長和生活的改善提供一個長久的平臺。

3.睡眠問題研究者發(fā)現(xiàn),總的來說,大多數(shù)人都是隨著年齡的增加,睡眠問題卻越來越少,上了年紀的人反而對失眠有更好的承受力。睡眠模式的大多改變都發(fā)生在20歲到60歲之間。那些經(jīng)歷著睡眠問題的人,應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生才好。因為他們經(jīng)歷的問題也許是某種生病的跡象,也許是一些藥物的副作用。

ChooseONLYONEtextformthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovidedifmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】1.AccordingtoNewton,whitelightissuperimposedbyallthepartsofthevisiblespectrum.Thisisatypicalexampleofadditivecolorconcept.Forexample,takeawaythebluehues,andawhitelightwillbecomeyellow,andsoon.However,whenwecombineeverycolorofpaints,wewillgetblack.Thatissubtractivecolortheory,inwhichblackrepresentsthepresenceofallcolors.Addictivecoloristherealmoftransmittedlight,whilesubtractivecoloristherealmofpigments,dyesandchemicals.

2.Butwhatshouldourpursuitofinnovationactuallyaccomplish?Innovationisanimportantnewproduct,newprocess,orperhapsaregulation.Itcanbeappliedonalargescaleinreallife,whichhasasignificantimpactoneconomyandsociety,andthatmeanslowercostforhigherbenefit.Regrettably,wenowuse“innovation”todescribealmostanything,becausenotallinnovationscancreatealong-lastingplatformfortherisingofsocialwealthandtheimprovingoflife.

3.Sleepingproblemresearchersfoundthat,tosumup,mostpeoplehadfewersleepingproblemsastheygrewolder,andolderpeoplehadabettertoleranceforsleepdeprivation.Mostchangesinsleeppatternsoccurredbetweentheagesof20and60.Thosepeoplewhoexperiencesleepingproblemsthatmaybesignsofillnessorsideeffectsofmedicationshouldseeadoctor.

5.單選題

Thingshavereallychanged.Notonlyisthemilitarystandingtallagain,itisstagingaremarkablecomebackinthequantityandqualityoftherecruitsitisattracting.Recruiters,oncedenouncedbyantiwarstudentsas“babykillers”andbarredfromcampuses,arewelcomedeverateliteuniversities.ROTC(ReserveOfficer’sTrainingCorps)programsthatfalteredduringtheVietNamera,whenprotesterswerefirebombingtheirheadquarters,areflourishingagain.Themilitaryacademiesareenjoyingasteadyincreaseinapplications.

Certainly,thedepressedeconomyhasincreasedtheallureofthejobs,technicaltrainingandgenerousstudentloansofferedbythemilitary.Studentsknowthatiftheygoinandbecome,say,nuclearweaponsspecialists,theycancomeoutanddemandasalaryof$60,000ayear.Militarysalaries,whilenotalwayscompetitivewiththosepaidforcomparablejobsintheprivatesector,aremorethanrespectable,especiallyconsideringthewidearrayofbenefitsthatareavailable,freemedicalservice,roomandboard,andPX(PostExchange)privileges.Monthlypayforarecruitis$574;forasergeantwithfouryearsservicesitis$906;foramajorwithtenyears’serviceitis$2,305.Theservicesslick$175million-a-yearadvertisingcampaignpromisingadventureandfulfillmenthashelpedwinovertheTVgeneration.Kidsarewalkingdowntheschoolhallwayschanting‘Army,Navy,AirForce,Marines,’justlikeinthecommercials.Andmanymilitaryofficialsfeelthatthekeydifferenceistheenhancedpatriotismamongthenation’syouth.Thereisareturntotheviewthatthemilitaryisanhonorableprofession.ThedaysofajudgetellingamiscreanttojointheArmyorgotojailareover.Recruitingforallfourservicescombinedisrunningat101%ofauthorizedgoals.Andtheretentionrateisnowsohigh,thattheservicesarerefusingsomere-enlistmentapplicationsandreducingannualrecruitingtarget.

Themilitaryacademicsarealsoenjoyingprosperousyears,attractingmoreandbetter-qualifiedstudents.Comparedtoprivatecolleges,wheretuitionandexpenseshavebeenclimbingsharply,theserviceschoolsarearealbargainnotonlyistuitionfree,butrecruitsgetallowancesofupto$500amouth.Itisreported12,300applicantsareforthe1,450positionsinthisyear’sfreshmanclass.Militaryacademiesarenowjustasselectiveasanyofthebestuniversitiesinthecountry.

Nationwide,ROTCenrollmentexceeds105,000,a64%increaseoverthe1974figure.Inthemid70’s,theROTCstudentsrefusedtoweartheiruniformsoncampusbecausetheysufferedallsortsofridiculeiftheydid.Nowiftheywearthemtoclassnoonelooksatthemtwice.Tothem,VietNamisancienthistory,somethingtheoldfolkstalkabout.

31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

32.Whatwastheattitudeofthestudentsin1970’stowardsthemilitary?

33.Thephrase“comeout”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

34.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasareasontoattractstudents?

35.Accordingtotheendingparagraphwhatarestudent’sattitudetowardtheirclassmateswearinguniformstoclass?

問題1選項

A.TheMilitaryisin

B.TheMilitaryisout

C.TheMilitaryisdown

D.TheMilitaryison

問題2選項

A.Approval

B.Indifference

C.Distaste

D.Admiration

問題3選項

A.“becomevisible”

B.“begintogrow”

C.“bemadepublic”

D.“graduatefromcollege”

問題4選項

A.Freetuition

B.Spaciousroom

C.Considerableallowance

D.Technicaltraining

問題5選項

A.Theyareinfuriated

B.Theywanttofollowsuit

C.Theythinkthemstrange

D.Theytakeitforgranted

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】31.主旨大意題。定位在第一段Notonlyisthemilitarystandingtallagain,itisstagingaremarkablecomebackinthequantityandqualityoftherecruitsitisattracting.（軍隊形象不僅高大，招收新兵的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量明顯得到恢復(fù)。）說明軍隊回到了原來有魅力的時刻了，又開始變得流行起來了。因此A選項“軍隊又流行了”符合題意，正確。B選項“軍隊過時了”，C選項“軍隊垮了”，D選項“軍隊開始了”，B，C，D選項均不符合題意，可排除。故選A。

32.客觀細節(jié)題。定位在最后一段的第二句Inthemid70’s,theROTCstudentsrefusedtoweartheiruniformsoncampusbecausetheysufferedallsortsofridiculeiftheydid.（70年代中期，后備軍官訓(xùn)練隊的學(xué)生拒絕在校園里穿制服，因為如果穿了，他們會遭到各種嘲笑。）由此可知那時候?qū)W生對于軍隊是特別不喜歡的。因此C選項“厭惡”正確，符合題意。A選項“認可”，B選項“冷漠；不關(guān)心”，D選項“欽佩；贊賞”均不符合題意。故選C。

33.詞義推測題。由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段Studentsknowthatiftheygoinandbecome,say,nuclearweaponsspecialists,theycancomeoutanddemandasalaryof$60,000ayear.（學(xué)生們知道，要是進入軍隊，當上核武器專家，他們就能出來并可要求6萬美元年薪。）學(xué)生們是需要先進入軍隊學(xué)習后，當上了核武器專家，那么從軍隊出來后對年薪可提出要求。因此地點應(yīng)該定位軍校，從軍校出來即學(xué)成畢業(yè)。因此D選項“從大學(xué)畢業(yè)”，符合題意，正確。A選項“成為可見的”，B選項“開始生長”，C選項“使公開”，均不符合題意。故選D。

34.客觀細節(jié)題。定位到第二段Certainly,thedepressedeconomyhasincreasedtheallureofthejobs,technicaltrainingandgenerousstudentloansofferedbythemilitary.（可以肯定的是，低迷的經(jīng)濟增加了軍隊提供的工作、技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和慷慨的學(xué)生貸款的吸引力。）Militarysalaries,whilenotalwayscompetitivewiththosepaidforcomparablejobsintheprivatesector,aremorethanrespectable,especiallyconsideringthewidearrayofbenefitsthatareavailable,freemedicalservice,roomandboard,andPX(PostExchange)privileges.（軍隊薪資盡管比不上私人公司中類似工作的工資，但已經(jīng)很可觀了，尤其考慮到軍隊里有一系列的福利待遇，如免費醫(yī)療，膳宿，軍人消費合作社特惠等。）和第三段的Comparedtoprivatecolleges,wheretuitionandexpenseshavebeenclimbingsharply,theserviceschoolsarearealbargainnotonlyistuitionfree,butrecruitsgetallowancesofupto$500amouth.（私立大學(xué)里，學(xué)費和各類費用一直急劇上升，相比之下，上軍事院校確實便宜，不僅學(xué)費全免，新生每月還可拿500美元的補貼。）可知軍隊吸引學(xué)生的原因包含A選項“免學(xué)費”，C選項“可觀的津貼”和D選項“技術(shù)培訓(xùn)”，B選項“寬敞的房間”并未提及。故選B。

35.客觀細節(jié)題。定位到最后一段Nowiftheywearthemtoclassnoonelooksatthemtwice.（現(xiàn)在如果他們穿著去上課，沒人會多看一眼。）說明現(xiàn)在穿制服去上課，已經(jīng)是很普遍的事情了。因此D選項“他們認為這是理所當然的”正確，符合題意。A選項“他們被激怒了”，B選項“他們想效仿”，C選項“他們覺得他們很奇怪”，均不符合題意，故選D。

6.單選題

Afewyearsago,AnnandWalterTaylorthoughtitmightbetimetomoveoutoftheirNewYorkCityapartmenttothesuburbs.Theyhadoneyoungsonandanotherchildontheway.Butaftermonthsoflooking,theybecamediscouragedanddecidedtobuyanoldtownhouserightinthemiddleofBrooklyn,whichisapartofNewYorkCity.Totheirdelight,theydiscoveredthattheyweren'ttheonlyyoungcoupletohavemadesuchadecision.Infact,theentireareainBrooklynhadbeensettledbyyoungfamilies.Andasaresult,theneighborhood,whichhadbeendecliningforyears,wasnowbeingrestored.

Brooklynisn'ttheonlycityintheUnitedStatestoexperiencethiskindofrenewal.SoarePhiladelphiaandSt.Louis.AndCharleston,SouthCarolina,hassosuccessfullyrebuiltitsoldcentralareathatitnowranksasoneofAmerica'smostcharmingcities.TherestorationoftheoldportcityofSavannah,Georgia,isalsolivingproofthatdowntownareasdonotneedtodie.Butencouragingasthesedevelopmentsmaybe,theyareamongthefewbrightspotsinamassofdifficultiesthattoday'scitiesface.Indeed,theirwoesaresomanythatitisfairtoaskwhetherornottheinnercity,thecoreofmosturbanareaswillmanagetosurviveatall.

Inthe1940s,urbanAmericansbeganamassmovetothesuburbsinsearchoffreshair,Elbowroom,andprivacy.Suburbsbegantosprawloutacrossthecountryside.Sincemostofthosemakingthemoveweremiddle-class,theytookwiththemthetaxmoneythecitiesneededtomaintaintheneighborhoodsinwhichtheyhadlived.Thepeopleleftinthecitieswereoftenthosewhoweretoooldortoopoortomove.Thus,manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepair.Crimebegantosoar,andpublictransportationwasneglected.(InthepastsixtyyearsSanFranciscoistheonlycityintheUnitedStatestohavecompletedanewmasstransitsystem.)Meanwhile,housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorisehigherandhigher.Middle-classhousingwasallowedtodecay,andlittlenewhousingwasconstructed.

Eventually,manydowntownareasexistedforbusinessonly.Duringthedaytheywouldbefilledwithpeopleworkinginoffices,andatnighttheywouldbedeserted.Giventhesecircumstances,somebusinessexecutivesbeganasking,“Whybotherwithgoingdowntownatall?Whynotmovetheofficestothesuburbssothatwecanliveandworkinthesamearea?”Gradually,someofthelargercompaniesbeganmovingoutofthecities,withtheresultthaturbancentersdeclinedevenfurtherandsuburbsexpandedstillmore.ThismovementofbusinessestothesuburbsisnotconfinedtotheUnitedStates.BusinesseshavealsobeenmovingtothesuburbsinStockholm,Sweden,InBonn,Germany,andinBrussels,Belgium,aswell.

Butitmaywellbethatthismovementtothesuburbshasreacheditspeak.Somepeoplemaybetiredofspendinglonghourscommuting,andtheymayhavebeguntomisstheadvantagesofcultureandcompanionshipprovidedbycitylife.PerhapsthedecisionmadebyTaylorsisasignthatpeoplewillreturntothecitiesandbegintorestorethem.Itbeginstolookasifsuburbansprawlmaynothavebeentheanswertoman'sneedtocreateanidealenvironmentinwhichtoliveandwork.

1.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat（）.

2.Theword“elbowroom”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“（）”.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Whyhavebusinessesbeenmovingtosuburbs?

5.Manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepairinthe1940sbecause（）.

問題1選項

A.movingtosuburbsisnottheanswertoanidealenvironment

B.citiesarelikelytobereplacedbythesuburbs

C.downtownareasaretoocrowdedtolive

D.Americanpeoplemovealotinhistory

問題2選項

A.privatespace

B.roomtomovefreely

C.peacefulplaces

D.confinedroom

問題3選項

A.Therearejustoldandpoorpeopleleftinthecities.

B.Themovementtothesuburbsbeginstodecline.

C.Downtownareasmustdieinthefuture.

D.Suburbsaresuretoreplacecities.

問題4選項

A.Becausetheenvironmentispleasantinthesuburbs.

B.Becausethesuburbshavedevelopedrapidly.

C.Becauserichpeoplehavemovedtosuburbs.

D.Becausemanypeopleworkincitiesandliveinsuburbs.

問題5選項

A.housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorise

B.housingwasallowedtodecay

C.manypeoplemovedoutofthecities

D.onlyoldandpoorpeoplewereleftinthecities

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat______.1.本文作者認為______。

A.movingtosuburbsisnottheanswertoanidealenvironmentA.搬到郊區(qū)并不是理想環(huán)境的答案

B.citiesarelikelytobereplacedbythesuburbsB.城市可能會被郊區(qū)所取代

C.downtownareasaretoocrowdedtoliveC.市中心太擁擠了，無法居住

D.AmericanpeoplemovealotinhistoryD.歷史上美國人經(jīng)常搬家

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】原文在第一段描述了一對夫婦搬家，經(jīng)過多番尋找，最終還是決定留在市區(qū)。事實上，還有許多家庭亦是如此。所以作者接著提到了市區(qū)重建，以前人們都向郊區(qū)遷移，但現(xiàn)在大家厭倦了長時間的通勤，開始懷念城市生活，這也是市區(qū)重建的原因。實際上從側(cè)面表明郊區(qū)已經(jīng)無法給人們帶來理想的生活環(huán)境，文章最后一句提出“似乎郊區(qū)擴張并不能滿足人類創(chuàng)造理想生活和工作環(huán)境的需要”，所以A項“搬到郊區(qū)并不是理想環(huán)境的答案”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

B項“城市可能會被郊區(qū)所取代”，最后一段提到向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢很可能已經(jīng)達到了頂峰，所以人們可能將返回城市，因此城市不可能會被郊區(qū)取代，該項屬于反向干擾；

C項“市中心太擁擠了，無法居住”根據(jù)第三段第一句“美國城市居民為了尋找新鮮的空氣、舒適的空間和隱私，開始大規(guī)模遷往郊區(qū)”可知，人們遷往郊區(qū)的原因是尋找新鮮空氣和舒適的空間與隱私，該項屬于曲解原文；

D項“歷史上美國人經(jīng)常搬家”并沒有提到，該項屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Theword“elbowroom”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“______”.2.第三段中的“elbowroom”很可能是“______”的意思。

A.privatespaceA.私人空間

B.roomtomovefreelyB.自由活動的空間

C.peacefulplacesC.和平的地方

D.confinedroomD.密閉房間

【答案】B

【考查點】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第一句“20世紀40年代，美國城市居民開始大規(guī)模遷移到郊區(qū)，尋找新鮮空氣、elbowroom和私人空間”，由此可知，elbowroom應(yīng)該與新鮮空氣、私人空間一樣，都是城區(qū)沒有而郊區(qū)所擁有的東西，而elbow本身的含義是“肘部”，綜合理解可以推測，elbowroom指的是“能夠活動的空間”，所以B項“自由活動的空間”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“私人空間”與原文中的privacy重復(fù)，曲解原文；

C項“和平的地方”不是郊區(qū)所獨有的，也屬于曲解原文；

D項“有限的空間”顯然不是郊區(qū)的特點，所以不符合題干，屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項釋義】

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?3.下列哪一個陳述是正確的？

A.Therearejustoldandpoorpeopleleftinthecities.A.城市里只剩下老人和窮人。

B.Themovementtothesuburbsbeginstodecline.B.向郊區(qū)的遷移開始減少。

C.Downtownareasmustdieinthefuture.C.市中心在未來一定會消失。

D.Suburbsaresuretoreplacecities.D.郊區(qū)一定會取代城市。

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段第一句“但這種向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢很可能已經(jīng)達到了頂峰”可知，搬到郊區(qū)的這種遷移活動到達頂峰，也就是說這種活動開始要下降了，B項“向郊區(qū)的遷移開始減少”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“城市里只剩下老人和窮人”，根據(jù)第三段第四句“留在城市的人往往是那些太老或太窮而不能搬家的人”可知，城市里留下的大多是老人和窮人，而該項中的just表述太絕對，屬于曲解原文；

C項“市中心在未來一定會消失”根據(jù)第二段第四句“喬治亞州舊港口城市薩凡納的修復(fù)，很好地證明了市區(qū)不需要消亡”可知，該項屬于反向干擾；

D項“郊區(qū)一定會取代城市”根據(jù)最后一段第一句“但這種向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢很可能已經(jīng)達到了頂峰”和倒數(shù)第二句“也許泰勒的決定是一個信號，人們將返回城市，并開始重建它們”可知，該項屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項釋義】

4.Whyhavebusinessesbeenmovingtosuburbs?4.為什么企業(yè)紛紛遷往郊區(qū)？

A.Becausetheenvironmentispleasantinthesuburbs.A.因為郊區(qū)的環(huán)境很宜人。

B.Becausethesuburbshavedevelopedrapidly.B.因為郊區(qū)發(fā)展迅速。

C.Becauserichpeoplehavemovedtosuburbs.C.因為富人都搬到郊區(qū)去了。

D.Becausemanypeopleworkincitiesandliveinsuburbs.D.因為很多人在城市工作，住在郊區(qū)。

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“許多市區(qū)僅僅為了商業(yè)而存在。白天，房子里擠滿了辦公的人，到了晚上，里面就空無一人了。”可知，這兩句說明人們白天在市區(qū)工作，晚上就回到了郊區(qū)生活?？紤]到這些情況，企業(yè)把辦公室搬到了郊區(qū)，這樣就可以在同一個地區(qū)生活和工作了。D項“因為很多人在城市工作，住在郊區(qū)”就是企業(yè)遷移到郊區(qū)的原因，符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“因為郊區(qū)的環(huán)境很宜人”是人們遷往郊區(qū)的原因，并不是企業(yè)搬到郊區(qū)的原因，該項張冠李戴；

B項“因為郊區(qū)發(fā)展迅速”和C項“因為富人都搬到郊區(qū)去了”沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

5.Manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepairinthe1940sbecause______.5.20世紀40年代，許多城市開始年久失修，原因是______。

A.housingconstructioncostscontinuedtoriseA.住房建設(shè)成本繼續(xù)上升

B.housingwasallowedtodecayB.房屋被放任自流

C.manypeoplemovedoutofthecitiesC.許多人搬離了城市

D.onlyoldandpoorpeoplewereleftinthecitiesD.城市里只剩下老人和窮人

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段三四五句“由于大多數(shù)搬來的人都是中產(chǎn)階級，他們帶走了城市維持他們曾經(jīng)居住的社區(qū)所需的稅收。留在城市的人往往是那些太老或太窮而不能搬家的人。因此，許多城市開始年久失修。”可知，中產(chǎn)階級的人們搬到郊區(qū)的同時，帶走了城市用來維持社區(qū)的稅收，也就是說沒有錢來支撐城市社區(qū)的維護，所以城市開始年久失修。所以C項“許多人搬離了城市”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“住房建設(shè)成本繼續(xù)上升”和B項“房屋被放任自流”是人們遷往郊區(qū)給城市帶來的后果，并不是城市年久失修的原因，屬于出處錯位；

D項“城市里只剩下老人和窮人”表述太絕對，該項曲解原文。

7.單選題

Thisweektentopdesignerswill______theirautumncollectionsatthefashionfair.

問題1選項

A.enhance

B.lubricate

C.hustle

D.unveil

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項enhance“提高；加強；增加”；B選項lubricate“潤滑；涂油；起潤滑劑作用；使……潤滑；給……加潤滑油”；C選項hustle“推搡；強力將（某人往特定方向）趕；努力干；奮力前行；（粗暴地）取得；兜售；偷竊；拉客”；D選項unveil“使公之于眾，揭開；揭幕；除去面紗；顯露”。句意：本周，十位頂級設(shè)計師將在時裝博覽會上揭示他們的秋季作品集。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Itconsumesalmostaquarterofthebody’stotalenergy.

B.Itcontinuestoburnupcaloriestohelpusstayinshape.

C.Itusesupmuchlessenergythanitdoesindeepthinking.

D.Itremainsinactivewithoutburningcaloriesnoticeably.

問題2選項

A.Energyusagedevotedtoactivelearningaccountsforabigpartofit.

B.Muchoftheconsumptionhasnothingtodowithconsciousactivities.

C.Asignificantamountofitisforperformingdifficultcognitivetasks.

D.Ithassomethingtodowiththedifficultyoftheactivitiesinquestion.

問題3選項

A.Itisconducivetorelievingmentalexhaustion.

B.Itisaprerequisiteforanymentalactivity.

C.Itisbelievedtoremainbasicallyconstant.

D.Itisthoughttoberelatedtofoodconsumption.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

【解析】RecordingTwo

In1994,theWorldChessChampionshipwascalledoffabruptly,duetothewitheredframeofaplayerwhoiscompetingforthetitle.Hewasn’taloneinexperiencingtheextremephysicaleffectsofthegame.Eliteplayerscanreportedlyburnuptoanabsurd6,000caloriesinoneday.Doesthatmeanthatthinkingharderisasimpleroutetolosingweight?Well,[19]whenthebodyisatrest，weknowthatthebrainusesupastartling20%to25%ofthebody’soverallenergy.Thislevelofutilizationactuallymakesthebrainthemostenergy-expensiveorganinthebody,andyetitmakesuponly2%ofthebody’sweightoverall.

Sothemoreweputthisorgantowork,themorecalorieswe’llburn?Technically,theanswerisyes,forcognitivelydifficulttasks.Whatcountsasa“difficult”mentaltaskvariesbetweenindividuals.Butgenerally,itcouldbedescribedassomethingthatthebraincannotsolveeasilyusingpreviouslylearnedroutines,ortasksthatchangetheconditionscontinuously.However,deepthinkingwillnotburnoffthecaloriesgainedfromeatingasugarysnack.Becauseinrelationtothebrain’shugeoverallenergyusage,whichisdevotedtoamultitudeoftasks,theenergyrequiredjusttothinkharderisactuallycomparativelytiny.[20]We’reunconsciousofmostofwhatusesupthebrain’senergy.Alotofthatactivityisunrelatedtoconsciousactivitieslikelearninghowtosingorplaytheguitar.Thebrainisabletoallocateblood(andthusenergy)toparticularregionsthatarebeingactiveatthatpoint.But[21]t